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# Deploy and Manage a Scalable Moodle Cluster on Azure
This repo contains guides and [Azure Resource Manager](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/resource-group-overview) templates designed to help you deploy and manage a highly available and scalable
[Moodle](https://moodle.com) cluster on Azure. In addition, the repo contains other useful information relevant to running Moodle on Azure such as a listing of Azure-relevant Moodle plugins and information on how to offer Moodle as a Managed Application on the Azure Marketplace or on an IT Service Catalog.
[Moodle](https://moodle.com) cluster on Azure. In addition, the repo contains other useful information relevant to running Moodle on Azure such as a listing of Azure-relevant Moodle plugins and information on how to offer Moodle as a Managed Application on the Azure Marketplace or on an IT Service Catalog.
If you have Azure account you can deploy Moodle via the [Azure portal](https://portal.azure.com) using the button below, or you can [deploy Moodle via the
CLI](docs/Deploy.md). Please note that while you can use an [Azure free account](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/free/) to get started depending on which template configuration you choose you will likely be required to upgrade to a paid account.
CLI](docs/Deploy.md). Please note that while you can use an [Azure free account](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/free/) to get started depending on which template configuration you choose you will likely be required to upgrade to a paid account.
## Fully configurable deployment
@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ NOTE: All of the deployment options require you to provide a valid SSH protocol
## Predefined deployment options
Below are a list of pre-defined/restricted deployment options based on typical deployment scenarios (i.e. dev/test, production etc.) All configurations are fixed and you just need to pass your ssh public key to the template for logging in to the deployed VMs. Please note that the actual cost will be bigger with potentially autoscaled VMs, backups and network cost.
| Deployment Type | Description | Estimated Cost | Launch |
| Deployment Type | Description | Launch |
| --- | --- | --- | ---
| Minimal | This deployment will use NFS, Microsoft SQL, and smaller autoscale web frontend VM sku (1 core) that'll give faster deployment time (less than 30 minutes) and requires only 2 VM cores currently that'll fit even in a free trial Azure subscription.|[link](https://azure.com/e/5f9752c934ab41799ae3264dd2ee57d1)|[![Deploy to Azure Minimally](http://azuredeploy.net/deploybutton.png)](https://portal.azure.com/#create/Microsoft.Template/uri/https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2FAzure%2FMoodle%2Fmaster%2Fazuredeploy-minimal.json)
| Small to Mid-Size | Supporting up to 1000 concurrent users. This deployment will use NFS (no high availability) and MySQL (8 vCores), without other options like elastic search or redis cache.|[link](https://azure.com/e/fd794268d0bf421aa17c626fb88f25bc)|[![Deploy to Azure Minimally](http://azuredeploy.net/deploybutton.png)](https://portal.azure.com/#create/Microsoft.Template/uri/https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2FAzure%2FMoodle%2Fmaster%2Fazuredeploy-small2mid-noha.json)
|Large size deployment (with high availability)| Supporting more than 2000 concurrent users. This deployment will use Gluster (for high availability, requiring 2 VMs), MySQL (16 vCores) and redis cache, without other options like elastic search. |[link](https://azure.com/e/078f7294ab6544e8911ddc2ee28850d7)|[![Deploy to Azure Minimally](http://azuredeploy.net/deploybutton.png)](https://portal.azure.com/#create/Microsoft.Template/uri/https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2FAzure%2FMoodle%2Fmaster%2Fazuredeploy-large-ha.json)
| Maximum |This maximal deployment will use Gluster (for high availability, adding 2 VMs for a Gluster cluster), MySQL with highest SKU, redis cache, elastic search (3 VMs), and pretty large storage sizes (both data disks and DB).|[link](https://azure.com/e/e0f959b93ed84eb891dcc44f7883f5b5)|[![Deploy to Azure Maximally](http://azuredeploy.net/deploybutton.png)](https://portal.azure.com/#create/Microsoft.Template/uri/https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2FAzure%2FMoodle%2Fmaster%2Fazuredeploy-maximal.json)
| Minimal | This deployment will use NFS, Microsoft SQL, and smaller autoscale web frontend VM sku (1 core) that'll give faster deployment time (less than 30 minutes) and requires only 2 VM cores currently that'll fit even in a free trial Azure subscription.|[![Deploy to Azure Minimally](http://azuredeploy.net/deploybutton.png)](https://portal.azure.com/#create/Microsoft.Template/uri/https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2FAzure%2FMoodle%2Fmaster%2Fazuredeploy-minimal.json)
| Small to Mid-Size | Supporting up to 1000 concurrent users. This deployment will use NFS (no high availability) and MySQL (8 vCores), without other options like elastic search or redis cache.|[![Deploy to Azure Minimally](http://azuredeploy.net/deploybutton.png)](https://portal.azure.com/#create/Microsoft.Template/uri/https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2FAzure%2FMoodle%2Fmaster%2Fazuredeploy-small2mid-noha.json)
|Large size deployment (with high availability)| Supporting more than 2000 concurrent users. This deployment will use Gluster (for high availability, requiring 2 VMs), MySQL (16 vCores) and redis cache, without other options like elastic search. |[![Deploy to Azure Minimally](http://azuredeploy.net/deploybutton.png)](https://portal.azure.com/#create/Microsoft.Template/uri/https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2FAzure%2FMoodle%2Fmaster%2Fazuredeploy-large-ha.json)
| Maximum |This maximal deployment will use Gluster (for high availability, adding 2 VMs for a Gluster cluster), MySQL with highest SKU, redis cache, elastic search (3 VMs), and pretty large storage sizes (both data disks and DB).|[![Deploy to Azure Maximally](http://azuredeploy.net/deploybutton.png)](https://portal.azure.com/#create/Microsoft.Template/uri/https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2FAzure%2FMoodle%2Fmaster%2Fazuredeploy-maximal.json)
NOTE: Depending on the region you choose to deploy the stack in - the deployment might fail due to SKUs being hardcoded in the template where they are not available. For example, today our small-mid-size deployment option hard codes Gen-4 Azure MySQL SKUs into the template, and if a region where that is currently not available in (i.e. westus2) is used, your deployment will fail. If your deployment fails, please revert to the fully configurable template where possible and change the SKU paramater to one that exists in your region (i.e. Gen-5) or alternatively change your deployment region to one in which the SKU is available (i.e. southcentralus).
@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ This template set deploys the following infrastructure core to your Moodle insta
- Private virtual network for frontend instances
- Controller instance running cron and handling syslog for the autoscaled site
- [Azure Load balancer](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/load-balancer/) to balance across the autoscaled instances
- [Azure Database for MySQL](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/mysql/) or [Azure Database for PostgreSQL](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/postgresql/) or [Azure SQL Database](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/sql-database/)
- [Azure Database for MySQL](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/mysql/) or [Azure Database for PostgreSQL](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/postgresql/) or [Azure SQL Database](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/sql-database/)
- Dual [GlusterFS](https://www.gluster.org/) nodes or NFS for high availability access to Moodle files
This template set *optionally* configures the following additional infrastructure:
- [Azure Backup](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/backup/) for Moodle site backups
- [Azure Blob Storage](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/storage/blobs/) for ObjectFS (Moodle sitedata)
- [Azure Blob Storage](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/storage/blobs/) for ObjectFS (Moodle sitedata)
- [Azure Application Gateway](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/application-gateway/) for SSL offloading and WAF
- [Azure Redis Cache](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/cache/) instance for Moodle caching
- [Azure DDoS Protection](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/ddos-protection/) plan to secure your Moodle site from DDoS attacks
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ There below is a listing of useful plugins allow Moodle to be integrated with se
At the current time this template allows the optional installation of all of the plugins above with an * next to them. Please note these plugins can be installed at any time post deployment via Moodle's own [plugin directory](https://moodle.org/plugins/). You can find a list of all Azure relevant plugins in the Moodle plugin directory [here](https://moodle.org/plugins/browse.php?list=set&id=91). You might also choose to follow this list via RSS.
## Moodle as a Managed Application
You can learn more about how you can offer Moodle as a Managed Application on the Azure Marketplace or on an IT Service Catalog [here](https://github.com/Azure/Moodle/tree/master/managedApplication). This is a great read if you are offering Moodle hosting services today for your customers.
You can learn more about how you can offer Moodle as a Managed Application on the Azure Marketplace or on an IT Service Catalog [here](https://github.com/Azure/Moodle/tree/master/managedApplication). This is a great read if you are offering Moodle hosting services today for your customers.
## Observations about the current template
The template is highly configurable, full details of the configuration options can be found in our [documentation](https://github.com/Azure/Moodle/tree/master/docs) (more specifically in our [parameters documentation](https://github.com/Azure/Moodle/blob/master/docs/Parameters.md)). The following sections describe observations about the template that you will likely want to review before deploying:
@ -75,37 +75,37 @@ The template is highly configurable, full details of the configuration options c
**Moodle PHP Code** The Moodle PHP code is stored on the Controller VM and copied to each front end VM upon deployment and upon request (should you update the Moodle code with your own code). For more information see our [management documentation](https://github.com/Azure/Moodle/blob/master/docs/Manage.md#updating-moodle-codesettings).
**Database** Currently the best performance is achieved with [Azure Database for MySQL](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/mysql/) and [Azure SQL Database](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/sql-database/). With [Azure Database for PostgreSQL](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/postgresql/) we have hit database constraints which caused processes to load up on the frontends until they ran out of memory. It is possible some PostgreSQL tuning might help here. At this stage Azure Database for MySQL and PostgreSQL do not support being moved to a vnet. As a workaround, we use a firewall-based IP restriction allow access only to the controller VM and VMSS load-balancer IPs.
**Database** Currently the best performance is achieved with [Azure Database for MySQL](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/mysql/) and [Azure SQL Database](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/sql-database/). With [Azure Database for PostgreSQL](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/postgresql/) we have hit database constraints which caused processes to load up on the frontends until they ran out of memory. It is possible some PostgreSQL tuning might help here. At this stage Azure Database for MySQL and PostgreSQL do not support being moved to a vnet. As a workaround, we use a firewall-based IP restriction allow access only to the controller VM and VMSS load-balancer IPs.
**File Storage** There are two options for file storage (moodledata) - Gluster FS and NFS. The Gluster FS solution is replicated thus provides highler availability, but incurs additional cost (2 x VMs) and some performance penalties (we are exploring ways to improve this and would welcome contributions from people who know Moodle and/or Gluster). NFS is highly performant and utilizes an existing VM in the cluster (so lower cost), but it is a single point of failure. At the time of writing there is no simple way to switch from one to the other depending on expected workloads and availability requirements, again this is something we would love to see resolved.
**Search.** Azure supports running an Elasticsearch cluster, however it does not offer a fully-managed Elasticsearch service, so for those looking for a fully-managed Search service [Azure Search](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/logic-apps/) is recommended.
**Search.** Azure supports running an Elasticsearch cluster, however it does not offer a fully-managed Elasticsearch service, so for those looking for a fully-managed Search service [Azure Search](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/logic-apps/) is recommended.
**Caching.** While enabling Redis cache can improve performance for a large Moodle site we have not seen it be very effective for small-to-medium size sites. We can likely improve upon this, patches welcome ;-)
**Regions.** Note that not all resources types (such as databases) may be available in your region. You should check the list of [Azure Products by Region](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/global-infrastructure/services/) to for local availability.
**Regions.** Note that not all resources types (such as databases) may be available in your region. You should check the list of [Azure Products by Region](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/global-infrastructure/services/) to for local availability.
## Common questions about this Template
1. **Is this template Moodle as IaaS or PaaS?** While the current template leverages PaaS services such as Redis, MySQL, Postgres, MS SQL etc. the current template offers Moodle as IaaS. Given limitations to Moodle our focus is IaaS for the time being however we would love to be informed of your experience running Moodle as PaaS on Azure (i.e. using [Azure Container Service](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/container-service/) or [Azure App Service](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/container-service/)).
1. **Is this template Moodle as IaaS or PaaS?** While the current template leverages PaaS services such as Redis, MySQL, Postgres, MS SQL etc. the current template offers Moodle as IaaS. Given limitations to Moodle our focus is IaaS for the time being however we would love to be informed of your experience running Moodle as PaaS on Azure (i.e. using [Azure Container Service](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/container-service/) or [Azure App Service](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/container-service/)).
2. **The current template uses Ubuntu. Will other Operating Systems such as CentOS or Windows Server be supported in the future?** Unfortunately we only have plans to support Ubuntu at this time. It is highly unlikely that this will change.
3. **What configuration do you recommend for my Moodle site?** The answer is it depends. At this stage we provide some rudimenatary t-shirt sized deployment recommendations and we are still building out our load testing tools and methodologies to provide more granularity. With that being said this is an area we are investing heavily in this area and we would love your contributions (i.e. load testing scripts, tools, methodologies etc.).
3. **What configuration do you recommend for my Moodle site?** The answer is it depends. At this stage we provide some rudimenatary t-shirt sized deployment recommendations and we are still building out our load testing tools and methodologies to provide more granularity. With that being said this is an area we are investing heavily in this area and we would love your contributions (i.e. load testing scripts, tools, methodologies etc.).
If you have an immediate need for guidance for a larger sized deployment, you might want to share some details around your deployment on our [issues page](https://github.com/Azure/Moodle/issues) and we will do our best to respond. Please as much information about your deployment as possible such as:
If you have an immediate need for guidance for a larger sized deployment, you might want to share some details around your deployment on our [issues page](https://github.com/Azure/Moodle/issues) and we will do our best to respond. Please as much information about your deployment as possible such as:
* average number of concurrent users your site will see
* maximum level of concurrent/simultaenous users your site needs to support
* whether or not HA is needed
* whether or not HA is needed
* any other attributes specific to your deployment (i.e. load balancing across regions etc.)
4. **Did Microsoft build this template alone or with the help of the Moodle community?** We did not build this template alone. We relied on the expertise and guidance of many capable Moodle partners around the world. The initial implementation of the template was done by [Catalyst IT](https://github.com/catalyst).
5. **How does this template relate to other Moodle offerings available on the Azure Marketplace?** It is generally not a good idea to run Moodle as a single VM in a production setting. This template is highly configurable and allows for high availability and redundancy.
5. **How does this template relate to other Moodle offerings available on the Azure Marketplace?** It is generally not a good idea to run Moodle as a single VM in a production setting. This template is highly configurable and allows for high availability and redundancy.
6. **How does this template relate to this [Azure Quickstart Template for Moodle](https://github.com/Azure/azure-quickstart-templates/tree/master/moodle-scalable-cluster-ubuntu)?** This repo is the working repo for the quickstart template. We will be pushing changes from this template to the quickstart template on a regular cadence.
7. **I am already running Moodle on Azure. How does this work benefit me?** We are looking for painpoints from you and the broader Moodle on Azure community that we can help solve. We are also looking to understand where our implementation of Moodle on Azure outperforms or underperforms other implementations such as yours that are out in the wild. If you have observations, performance benchmarks or just general feedback about your experience running Moodle on Azure that you'd like to share we're extremely interested! Load testing is a very big area of focus, so if you have scripts you wouldn't mind contributing please let us know.
7. **I am already running Moodle on Azure. How does this work benefit me?** We are looking for painpoints from you and the broader Moodle on Azure community that we can help solve. We are also looking to understand where our implementation of Moodle on Azure outperforms or underperforms other implementations such as yours that are out in the wild. If you have observations, performance benchmarks or just general feedback about your experience running Moodle on Azure that you'd like to share we're extremely interested! Load testing is a very big area of focus, so if you have scripts you wouldn't mind contributing please let us know.
8. **Has anyone run this template sucessfully in production?** Yes they have. With that being said we do not make any performance guarantees about this architecture.
@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ The following link shows how to set up per repository environment variables in T
**NOTE:** You can trigger a full CI test by adding *[full ci]* or *[fullci]* anywhere in the commit message.
**NOTE:** Make sure you set the environment variables to hidden otherwise they will be exposed publically at run time.
**NOTE:** As per the Travis CI documentation make sure you have correctly escaped the enviroment variable values when they are defined.
Once the environment variables are defined, Travis CI will run the template validate and build steps as part of the test process.
@ -234,4 +234,3 @@ implication, estoppel or otherwise.
1. [Deploy a Moodle Cluster](docs/Deploy.md)
1. [Obtain Deployment Details about a Moodle Cluster](docs/Get-Install-Data.md)
1. [Delete a Moodle Cluster](docs/Delete.md)