Microsoft Azure Event Hubs Client for Golang

Azure Event Hubs is a highly scalable publish-subscribe service that can ingest millions of events per second and stream them into multiple applications. This lets you process and analyze the massive amounts of data produced by your connected devices and applications. Once Event Hubs has collected the data, you can retrieve, transform and store it by using any real-time analytics provider or with batching/storage adapters.

Refer to the online documentation to learn more about Event Hubs in general.

This library is a pure Golang implementation of Azure Event Hubs over AMQP.

Preview of Event Hubs for Golang

This library is currently a preview. There may be breaking interface changes until it reaches semantic version v1.0.0. If you run into an issue, please don't hesitate to log a new issue or open a pull request.

Installing the library

To more reliably manage dependencies in your application we recommend golang/dep.

With dep:

dep ensure -add github.com/Azure/azure-event-hubs-go

With go get:

go get -u github.com/Azure/azure-event-hubs-go/...

If you need to install Go, follow the official instructions

Using Event Hubs

In this section we'll cover some basics of the library to help you get started.

This library has two main dependencies, vcabbage/amqp and Azure AMQP Common. The former provides the AMQP protocol implementation and the latter provides some common authentication, persistence and request-response message flows.

Quick start

Let's send and receive "hello, world!".

// create a new Event Hub from environment variables
// the go docs for the func have a full description of the environment variables
hub, err := eventhub.NewHubFromEnvironment()
if err != nil {
    // handle err
}

ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 20*time.Second)
defer cancel()
// send a single message into a random partition
hub.Send(ctx, eventhub.NewEventFromString("hello, world!"))

handler := func(c context.Context, event *eventhub.Event) error {
	fmt.Println(string(event.Data))
	return nil
}

// listen to each partition of the Event Hub
runtimeInfo, err := hub.GetRuntimeInformation(ctx)
for _, partitionID := range runtimeInfo.PartitionIDs {
	// start receiving messages -- Receive is non-blocking and starts immediately
	_, err := hub.Receive(ctx, partitionID, handler, eventhub.ReceiveWithLatestOffset())
	if err != nil {
		// handle err
	}
}

// Wait for a signal to quit:
signalChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
signal.Notify(signalChan, os.Interrupt, os.Kill)
<-signalChan
return hub.Close()

Environment Variables

In the above example, the Hub instance was created using environment variables. Here is a list of environment variables used in this project.

Event Hub env vars

• "EVENTHUB_NAMESPACE" the namespace of the Event Hub instance
• "EVENTHUB_NAME" the name of the Event Hub instance

SAS TokenProvider environment variables:

There are two sets of environment variables which can produce a SAS TokenProvider

1. Expected Environment Variables:

   • "EVENTHUB_NAMESPACE" the namespace of the Event Hub instance
   • "EVENTHUB_KEY_NAME" the name of the Event Hub key
   • "EVENTHUB_KEY_VALUE" the secret for the Event Hub key named in "EVENTHUB_KEY_NAME"

2. Expected Environment Variable:

   • "EVENTHUB_CONNECTION_STRING" connection string from the Azure portal like: Endpoint=sb://foo.servicebus.windows.net/;SharedAccessKeyName=RootManageSharedAccessKey;SharedAccessKey=fluffypuppy

AAD TokenProvider environment variables:

1. Client Credentials: attempt to authenticate with a Service Principal via
   • "AZURE_TENANT_ID" the Azure Tenant ID
   • "AZURE_CLIENT_ID" the Azure Application ID
   • "AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET" a key / secret for the corresponding application
2. Client Certificate: attempt to authenticate with a Service Principal via
   • "AZURE_TENANT_ID" the Azure Tenant ID
   • "AZURE_CLIENT_ID" the Azure Application ID
   • "AZURE_CERTIFICATE_PATH" the path to the certificate file
   • "AZURE_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD" the password for the certificate

The Azure Environment used can be specified using the name of the Azure Environment set in "AZURE_ENVIRONMENT" var.

Authentication

Event Hubs offers a couple different paths for authentication, shared access signatures (SAS) and Azure Active Directory (AAD) JWT authentication. Both token types are available for use and are exposed through the TokenProvider interface.

// TokenProvider abstracts the fetching of authentication tokens
TokenProvider interface {
    GetToken(uri string) (*Token, error)
}

SAS token provider

The SAS token provider uses the namespace of the Event Hub, the name of the "Shared access policy" key and the value of the key to produce a token.

You can create new Shared access policies through the Azure portal as shown below.

You can create a SAS token provider in a couple different ways. You can build one with a namespace, key name and key value like this.

provider, err := sas.TokenProviderWithNamespaceAndKey("mynamespace", "myKeyName", "myKeyValue")

Or, you can create a token provider from environment variables like this.

// TokenProviderWithEnvironmentVars creates a new SAS TokenProvider from environment variables
//
// There are two sets of environment variables which can produce a SAS TokenProvider
//
// 1) Expected Environment Variables:
//   - "EVENTHUB_NAMESPACE" the namespace of the Event Hub instance
//   - "EVENTHUB_KEY_NAME" the name of the Event Hub key
//   - "EVENTHUB_KEY_VALUE" the secret for the Event Hub key named in "EVENTHUB_KEY_NAME"
//
// 2) Expected Environment Variable:
//   - "EVENTHUB_CONNECTION_STRING" connection string from the Azure portal

provider, err := sas.NewTokenProvider(sas.TokenProviderWithEnvironmentVars())

AAD JWT token provider

The AAD JWT token provider uses Azure Active Directory to authenticate the service and acquire a token (JWT) which is used to authenticate with Event Hubs. The authenticated identity must have Contributor role based authorization for the Event Hub instance. This article provides more information about this preview feature.

The easiest way to create a JWT token provider is via environment variables.

// 1. Client Credentials: attempt to authenticate with a Service Principal via "AZURE_TENANT_ID", "AZURE_CLIENT_ID" and
//    "AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET"
//
// 2. Client Certificate: attempt to authenticate with a Service Principal via "AZURE_TENANT_ID", "AZURE_CLIENT_ID",
//    "AZURE_CERTIFICATE_PATH" and "AZURE_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD"
//
// 3. Managed Service Identity (MSI): attempt to authenticate via MSI
//
//
// The Azure Environment used can be specified using the name of the Azure Environment set in "AZURE_ENVIRONMENT" var.
provider, err := aad.NewJWTProvider(aad.JWTProviderWithEnvironmentVars())

You can also provide your own adal.ServicePrincipalToken.

config := &aad.TokenProviderConfiguration{
    ResourceURI: azure.PublicCloud.ResourceManagerEndpoint,
    Env:         &azure.PublicCloud,
}

spToken, err := config.NewServicePrincipalToken()
if err != nil {
    // handle err
}
provider, err := aad.NewJWTProvider(aad.JWTProviderWithAADToken(aadToken))

Send And Receive

The basics of messaging are sending and receiving messages. Here are the different ways you can do that.

Sending to a particular partition

By default, a Hub will send messages any of the load balanced partitions. Sometimes you want to send to only a particular partition. You can do this in two ways.

1. You can supply a partition key on an event

   event := eventhub.NewEventFromString("foo")
   event.PartitionKey = "bazz"
   hub.Send(ctx, event) // send event to the partition ID to which partition key hashes
   

2. You can build a hub instance that will only send to one partition.

   partitionID := "0"
   hub, err := eventhub.NewHubFromEnvironment(eventhub.HubWithPartitionedSender(partitionID))
   

Sending batches of events

Sending a batch of messages is more efficient than sending a single message.

batch := &EventBatch{
            Events: []*eventhub.Event { 
                eventhub.NewEventFromString("one"),
                eventhub.NewEventFromString("two"),
            },
        }
err := client.SendBatch(ctx, batch)

Receiving

When receiving messages from an Event Hub, you always need to specify the partition you'd like to receive from. Hub.Receive is a non-blocking call, which takes a message handler func and options. Since Event Hub is just a long log of messages, you also have to tell it where to start from. By default, a receiver will start from the beginning of the log, but there are options to help you specify your starting offset.

The Receive func returns a handle to the running receiver and an error. If error is returned, the receiver was unable to start. If error is nil, the receiver is running and can be stopped by calling Close on the Hub or the handle returned.

• Receive messages from a partition from the beginning of the log

  handle, err := hub.Receive(ctx, partitionID, func(ctx context.Context, event *eventhub.Event) error {
      // do stuff
  })
  

• Receive from the latest message onward

  handle, err := hub.Receive(ctx, partitionID, handler, eventhub.ReceiveWithLatestOffset())
  

• Receive from a specified offset

  handle, err := hub.Receive(ctx, partitionID, handler, eventhub.ReceiveWithStartingOffset(offset))
  

At some point, a receiver process is going to stop. You will likely want it to start back up at the spot that it stopped processing messages. This is where message offsets can be used to start from where you have left off.

The Hub struct can be customized to use an persist.CheckpointPersister. By default, a Hub uses an in-memory CheckpointPersister, but accepts anything that implements the perist.CheckpointPersister interface.

// CheckpointPersister provides persistence for the received offset for a given namespace, hub name, consumer group, partition Id and
// offset so that if a receiver where to be interrupted, it could resume after the last consumed event.
CheckpointPersister interface {
    Write(namespace, name, consumerGroup, partitionID string, checkpoint Checkpoint) error
    Read(namespace, name, consumerGroup, partitionID string) (Checkpoint, error)
}

For example, you could use the persist.FilePersister to save your checkpoints to a directory.

persister, err := persist.NewFilePersiter(directoryPath)
if err != nil {
	// handle err
}
hub, err := eventhub.NewHubFromEnvironment(eventhub.HubWithOffsetPersistence(persister))

Event Processor Host

The Event Processor Host is a collection of features which load balances partition receivers and ensures only one receiver is consuming a given partition at a time. This article talks about the .NET version of the Event Processor Host. The eph package, once stable, will provide the equivalent feature set.

The eph package is experimental.

Examples

• HelloWorld: Producer and Consumer: an example of sending and receiving messages from an Event Hub instance.

Contributing

This project welcomes contributions and suggestions. Most contributions require you to agree to a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) declaring that you have the right to, and actually do, grant us the rights to use your contribution. For details, visit https://cla.microsoft.com.

When you submit a pull request, a CLA-bot will automatically determine whether you need to provide a CLA and decorate the PR appropriately (e.g., label, comment). Simply follow the instructions provided by the bot. You will only need to do this once across all repos using our CLA.

This project has adopted the Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct. For more information see the Code of Conduct FAQ or contact opencode@microsoft.com with any additional questions or comments.

See contributing.md.

License

MIT, see LICENSE.