Add Terratest Example for Compute Module (#66)

* Add Terratest Example for Compute Module * Add Terratest Example for Compute Module * style problem * style problem * style problem * build test (#2) * build test * build test * build test * build test * build test * build test * Add Terratest * Add Terratest * Add Terratest * Update Files * Hide Environment Variables * Allow Pull Requests * Update Files * rake build * Update .travis.yml * Required Changes * Required Changes * Update README * Add dep ensure * Add dep init * Update README * Update Docker Image * Use dep ensure in Dockerfile * Dep Ensure in Rakefile * Update README
2018-07-28 15:19:51 +08:00 · 2018-07-28 15:19:51 +08:00 · 627c6c212a
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -7,9 +7,12 @@ terraform.tfvars
 *.tfstate
 *.tfstate.backup

+# Go vendor directory
+vendor/
+
 # Module directory
 .terraform/
-
+.test-data/

 ### https://raw.github.com/github/gitignore/abad92dac5a4306f72242dae3bca6e277bce3615/Global/Vim.gitignore

--- a/.kitchen.yml
+++ b/.kitchen.yml
@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
---
-driver:
-  name: "terraform"
-  root_module_directory: "test/integration/fixtures"
-  parallelism: 1
-  variable_files:
-    - "test/integration/fixtures/testing.tfvars"
-
-provisioner:
-  name: "terraform"
-
-platforms:
-  -
-    name: "ubuntu"
-
-transport:
-  name: "ssh"
-  ssh_key: ~/.ssh/id_rsa
-
-verifier:
-  name: "terraform"
-  groups:
-    -
-      name: "remote"
-      controls:
-        - "operating_system"
-      hostnames: "test_target_public_dns"
-      port: 22
-      username: "azureuser"
-    -
-      name: "local"
-      controls:
-        - "state_file"
-
-suites:
-  - name: "compute"
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ services:
  - docker

 env:
-  - TERRAFORM_VERSION=0.11.3 IMAGE_NAME=azure-compute-module
+  - TERRAFORM_VERSION=0.11.7 IMAGE_NAME=azure-compute-module

 jobs:
  include:
--- a/18
+++ b/18
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Pull the base image with given version.
-ARG BUILD_TERRAFORM_VERSION="0.11.1"
+ARG BUILD_TERRAFORM_VERSION="0.11.7"
 FROM microsoft/terraform-test:${BUILD_TERRAFORM_VERSION}

 ARG MODULE_NAME="terraform-azurerm-compute"
@ -20,10 +20,18 @@ ENV ARM_TENANT_ID=${BUILD_ARM_TENANT_ID}
 ENV ARM_TEST_LOCATION=${BUILD_ARM_TEST_LOCATION}
 ENV ARM_TEST_LOCATION_ALT=${BUILD_ARM_TEST_LOCATION_ALT}

-RUN mkdir /usr/src/${MODULE_NAME}
-COPY . /usr/src/${MODULE_NAME}
-
+# Set work directory and generate ssh key
+RUN mkdir /go
+RUN mkdir /go/bin
+RUN mkdir /go/src
+RUN mkdir /go/src/${MODULE_NAME}
+COPY . /go/src/${MODULE_NAME}
+WORKDIR /go/src/${MODULE_NAME}
 RUN ssh-keygen -q -t rsa -b 4096 -f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa

-WORKDIR /usr/src/${MODULE_NAME}
+# Install required go packages using dep ensure
+ENV GOPATH /go
+ENV PATH /usr/local/go/bin:$GOPATH/bin:$PATH
+RUN /bin/bash -c "curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/golang/dep/master/install.sh | sh"
+
 RUN ["bundle", "install", "--gemfile", "./Gemfile"]
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@ -6,6 +6,4 @@ group :test do
  git 'https://github.com/Azure/terramodtest.git' do
    gem 'terramodtest', :tag => 'v0.2.0'
  end
-  gem 'test-kitchen', '1.16.0'
-  gem 'kitchen-terraform', '3.0.0'
 end
--- a/Gopkg.lock
+++ b/Gopkg.lock
@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+# This file is autogenerated, do not edit; changes may be undone by the next 'dep ensure'.
+
+
+[[projects]]
+  digest = "1:c3948295121c6b6f3db7c97733f1eb33f48f5d526a36e083434deb91d2e2cbeb"
+  name = "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go"
+  packages = [
+    "aws",
+    "aws/awserr",
+    "aws/awsutil",
+    "aws/client",
+    "aws/client/metadata",
+    "aws/corehandlers",
+    "aws/credentials",
+    "aws/credentials/ec2rolecreds",
+    "aws/credentials/endpointcreds",
+    "aws/credentials/stscreds",
+    "aws/csm",
+    "aws/defaults",
+    "aws/ec2metadata",
+    "aws/endpoints",
+    "aws/request",
+    "aws/session",
+    "aws/signer/v4",
+    "internal/sdkio",
+    "internal/sdkrand",
+    "internal/sdkuri",
+    "internal/shareddefaults",
+    "private/protocol",
+    "private/protocol/ec2query",
+    "private/protocol/eventstream",
+    "private/protocol/eventstream/eventstreamapi",
+    "private/protocol/json/jsonutil",
+    "private/protocol/jsonrpc",
+    "private/protocol/query",
+    "private/protocol/query/queryutil",
+    "private/protocol/rest",
+    "private/protocol/restxml",
+    "private/protocol/xml/xmlutil",
+    "service/acm",
+    "service/autoscaling",
+    "service/cloudwatchlogs",
+    "service/ec2",
+    "service/iam",
+    "service/kms",
+    "service/s3",
+    "service/s3/s3iface",
+    "service/s3/s3manager",
+    "service/sns",
+    "service/sqs",
+    "service/sts",
+  ]
+  pruneopts = "UT"
+  revision = "96313df4b1ba47ade3de7b2b90d69c02a81ddaa4"
+  version = "v1.14.33"
+
+[[projects]]
+  digest = "1:e625e9cdf85de9b3cfd4324c4575d6dd23f9ac1e63f21f82c39d719d8698e79e"
+  name = "github.com/boombuler/barcode"
+  packages = [
+    ".",
+    "qr",
+    "utils",
+  ]
+  pruneopts = "UT"
+  revision = "3cfea5ab600ae37946be2b763b8ec2c1cf2d272d"
+  version = "v1.0.0"
+
+[[projects]]
+  digest = "1:fe8a03a8222d5b913f256972933d26d24ad7c8286692a42943bc01633cc8fce3"
+  name = "github.com/go-ini/ini"
+  packages = ["."]
+  pruneopts = "UT"
+  revision = "358ee7663966325963d4e8b2e1fbd570c5195153"
+  version = "v1.38.1"
+
+[[projects]]
+  digest = "1:8f8811f9be822914c3a25c6a071e93beb4c805d7b026cbf298bc577bc1cc945b"
+  name = "github.com/google/uuid"
+  packages = ["."]
+  pruneopts = "UT"
+  revision = "064e2069ce9c359c118179501254f67d7d37ba24"
+  version = "0.2"
+
+[[projects]]
+  digest = "1:a2516c7b3e32d4545ea703e557d81755eff228623dcad3ce1039acc28d400544"
+  name = "github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest"
+  packages = [
+    "modules/aws",
+    "modules/collections",
+    "modules/files",
+    "modules/logger",
+    "modules/packer",
+    "modules/random",
+    "modules/retry",
+    "modules/shell",
+    "modules/ssh",
+    "modules/terraform",
+    "modules/test-structure",
+  ]
+  pruneopts = "UT"
+  revision = "a3246fed2e3e40b345e13a745e435b36b17d0c16"
+  version = "v0.9.15"
+
+[[projects]]
+  digest = "1:e22af8c7518e1eab6f2eab2b7d7558927f816262586cd6ed9f349c97a6c285c4"
+  name = "github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath"
+  packages = ["."]
+  pruneopts = "UT"
+  revision = "0b12d6b5"
+
+[[projects]]
+  digest = "1:712648e44349f70516f646f06ab39fd48c311a3cade3ae1f951dc9488150a382"
+  name = "github.com/pquerna/otp"
+  packages = [
+    ".",
+    "hotp",
+    "totp",
+  ]
+  pruneopts = "UT"
+  revision = "b7b89250c468c06871d3837bee02e2d5c155ae19"
+  version = "v1.0.0"
+
+[[projects]]
+  branch = "master"
+  digest = "1:6126c75359647f32c1437fead4933069915ead6a924cdf9f645a0e6e71262bff"
+  name = "golang.org/x/crypto"
+  packages = [
+    "curve25519",
+    "ed25519",
+    "ed25519/internal/edwards25519",
+    "internal/chacha20",
+    "internal/subtle",
+    "poly1305",
+    "ssh",
+  ]
+  pruneopts = "UT"
+  revision = "c126467f60eb25f8f27e5a981f32a87e3965053f"
+
+[[projects]]
+  branch = "master"
+  digest = "1:76ee51c3f468493aff39dbacc401e8831fbb765104cbf613b89bef01cf4bad70"
+  name = "golang.org/x/net"
+  packages = ["context"]
+  pruneopts = "UT"
+  revision = "3673e40ba22529d22c3fd7c93e97b0ce50fa7bdd"
+
+[solve-meta]
+  analyzer-name = "dep"
+  analyzer-version = 1
+  input-imports = [
+    "github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest/modules/retry",
+    "github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest/modules/ssh",
+    "github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest/modules/terraform",
+    "github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest/modules/test-structure",
+  ]
+  solver-name = "gps-cdcl"
+  solver-version = 1
--- a/Gopkg.toml
+++ b/Gopkg.toml
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Gopkg.toml example
+#
+# Refer to https://golang.github.io/dep/docs/Gopkg.toml.html
+# for detailed Gopkg.toml documentation.
+#
+# required = ["github.com/user/thing/cmd/thing"]
+# ignored = ["github.com/user/project/pkgX", "bitbucket.org/user/project/pkgA/pkgY"]
+#
+# [[constraint]]
+#   name = "github.com/user/project"
+#   version = "1.0.0"
+#
+# [[constraint]]
+#   name = "github.com/user/project2"
+#   branch = "dev"
+#   source = "github.com/myfork/project2"
+#
+# [[override]]
+#   name = "github.com/x/y"
+#   version = "2.4.0"
+#
+# [prune]
+#   non-go = false
+#   go-tests = true
+#   unused-packages = true
+
+
+[[constraint]]
+  name = "github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest"
+  version = "0.9.15"
+
+[prune]
+  go-tests = true
+  unused-packages = true
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# terraform-azurerm-compute #
+# terraform-azurerm-compute
+
 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/Azure/terraform-azurerm-compute.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/Azure/terraform-azurerm-compute)

-Deploys 1+ Virtual Machines to your provided VNet
-=================================================
+## Deploys 1+ Virtual Machines to your provided VNet

 This Terraform module deploys Virtual Machines in Azure with the following characteristics:

@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ This Terraform module deploys Virtual Machines in Azure with the following chara

 > Note: Terraform module registry is incorrect in the number of required parameters since it only deems required based on variables with non-existent values.  The actual minimum required variables depends on the configuration and is specified below in the usage.

-Simple Usage
-----
+## Simple Usage

 This contains the bare minimum options to be configured for the VM to be provisioned.  The entire code block provisions a Windows and a Linux VM, but feel free to delete one or the other and corresponding outputs. The outputs are also not necessary to provision, but included to make it convenient to know the address to connect to the VMs after provisioning completes.

@ -58,8 +57,7 @@ Provisions an Ubuntu Server 16.04-LTS VM and a Windows 2016 Datacenter Server VM
  }
 ```

-Advanced Usage
-----
+## Advanced Usage

 The following example illustrates some of the configuration options available to deploy a virtual machine. Feel free to remove the Linux or Windows modules and corresponding outputs.

@ -81,7 +79,7 @@ More specifically this provisions:
 - Two Public IP addresses (one for each VM)
 - Opens up port 3389 for RDP access using the password as shown

-```hcl 
+```hcl
  module "linuxservers" {
    source              = "Azure/compute/azurerm"
    resource_group_name = "terraform-advancedvms"
@ -149,10 +147,10 @@ More specifically this provisions:

 ```

-Test
-----
+## Test

 ### Configurations
+
 - [Configure Terraform for Azure](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/linux/terraform-install-configure)
 - [Generate and add SSH Key](https://help.github.com/articles/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent/) Save the key in ~/.ssh/id_rsa.  This is not required for Windows deployments.

@ -161,9 +159,11 @@ We provide 2 ways to build, run, and test the module on a local development mach
 ### Native (Mac/Linux)

 #### Prerequisites
+
 - [Ruby **(~> 2.3)**](https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/)
 - [Bundler **(~> 1.15)**](https://bundler.io/)
- [Terraform **(~> 0.11.0)**](https://www.terraform.io/downloads.html)
+- [Terraform **(~> 0.11.7)**](https://www.terraform.io/downloads.html)
+- [Golang **(~> 1.10.3)**](https://golang.org/dl/)

 #### Quick Run

@ -174,7 +174,9 @@ $ curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure/terramodtest/master/tool/env
 ```

 Then simply run it in local shell:
+
 ```sh
+$ cd $GOPATH/src/{directory_name}/
 $ bundle install
 $ rake build
 $ rake e2e
@ -208,11 +210,16 @@ This runs the end to end tests:
 $ docker run --rm azure-compute /bin/bash -c "bundle install && rake e2e"
 ```

-Authors
-=======
+This runs the full tests:
+
+```sh
+$ docker run --rm azure-compute /bin/bash -c "bundle install && rake full"
+```
+
+## Authors
+
 Originally created by [David Tesar](http://github.com/dtzar)

-License
-=======
+## License

 [MIT](LICENSE)
--- a/31
+++ b/31
@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ require 'rspec/core/rake_task'
 require 'bundler/setup'
 require 'terramodtest'

-namespace :presteps do
-  task :clean_up do
-    clean_up_kitchen
-    clean_up_terraform
-  end
-end
-
 namespace :static do
  task :style do
    style_tf
@ -26,21 +19,21 @@ namespace :static do
 end

 namespace :integration do
-  task :converge do
-    kitchen_converge
-  end
-  task :verify do
-    kitchen_verify
+  task :ensure do
+    success = system ("dep ensure")
+    if not success 
+      raise "ERROR: Dep ensure failed!\n".red
+    end
  end
  task :test do
-    kitchen_test
-  end
-  task :destroy do
-    kitchen_destroy
+    success = system ("go test -v ./test/ -timeout 20m -args azureuser ~/.ssh/id_rsa")
+    if not success 
+      raise "ERROR: Go test failed!\n".red
+    end
  end
 end

-task :prereqs => [ 'presteps:clean_up' ]
+task :prereqs => []

 task :validate => [ 'static:style', 'static:lint' ]

@ -50,8 +43,8 @@ task :build => [ 'prereqs', 'validate' ]

 task :unit => []

-task :e2e => [ 'integration:test' ]
+task :e2e => [ 'integration:ensure', 'integration:test' ]

 task :default => [ 'build' ]

-task :full => [ 'build', 'unit', 'e2e']
+task :full => [ 'build', 'unit', 'e2e' ]
--- a/test/fixture/main.tf
+++ b/test/fixture/main.tf
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+provider "random" {
+  version = "~> 1.0"
+}
+
+resource "random_id" "ip_dns" {
+  byte_length = 8
+}
+
+module "ubuntuservers" {
+  source                       = "../../"
+  location                     = "${var.location}"
+  admin_username               = "${var.admin_username}"
+  admin_password               = "${var.admin_password}"
+  vm_os_simple                 = "${var.vm_os_simple_1}"
+  public_ip_dns                = ["ubuntusimplevmips-${random_id.ip_dns.hex}"]
+  vnet_subnet_id               = "${module.network.vnet_subnets[0]}"
+  ssh_key                      = "${var.ssh_key}"
+  resource_group_name          = "${var.resource_group_name}-${random_id.ip_dns.hex}"
+  public_ip_address_allocation = "static"
+}
+
+module "debianservers" {
+  source                       = "../../"
+  location                     = "${var.location}"
+  vm_hostname                  = "mylinvm"
+  admin_username               = "${var.admin_username}"
+  admin_password               = "${var.admin_password}"
+  vm_os_simple                 = "${var.vm_os_simple_2}"
+  public_ip_dns                = ["debiansimplevmips-${random_id.ip_dns.hex}"]        // change to a unique name per datacenter region
+  vnet_subnet_id               = "${module.network.vnet_subnets[0]}"
+  ssh_key                      = "${var.ssh_key}"
+  resource_group_name          = "${var.resource_group_name}-${random_id.ip_dns.hex}"
+  public_ip_address_allocation = "static"
+}
+
+module "network" {
+  source              = "Azure/network/azurerm"
+  version             = "2.0.0"
+  location            = "westus2"
+  resource_group_name = "${var.resource_group_name}-${random_id.ip_dns.hex}"
+}
--- a/test/fixture/outputs.tf
+++ b/test/fixture/outputs.tf
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+output "ubuntu_vm_public_name" {
+  value = "${module.ubuntuservers.public_ip_dns_name}"
+}
+
+output "debian_vm_public_name" {
+  value = "${module.debianservers.public_ip_dns_name}"
+}
+
+output "ubuntu_ip_address" {
+  value = "${module.ubuntuservers.public_ip_address}"
+}
+
+output "debian_ip_address" {
+  value = "${module.debianservers.public_ip_address}"
+}
--- a/test/fixture/terraform.tfvars
+++ b/test/fixture/terraform.tfvars
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+location            = "westus2"
+ssh_key             = "~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
+resource_group_name = "terraform-compute"
+vm_os_simple_1      = "UbuntuServer"
+vm_os_simple_2      = "Debian"
+admin_username      = "azureuser"
+admin_password      = "P@ssw0rd12345!"
--- a/test/fixture/variables.tf
+++ b/test/fixture/variables.tf
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+variable "location" {}
+variable "ssh_key" {}
+variable "resource_group_name" {}
+variable "vm_os_simple_1" {}
+variable "vm_os_simple_2" {}
+variable "admin_username" {}
+variable "admin_password" {}
--- a/test/integration/compute/controls/operating_system_spec.rb
+++ b/test/integration/compute/controls/operating_system_spec.rb
@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-# More info please refer to: https://www.inspec.io/docs/
-# Define unique test case suite.
-control 'operating_system' do
-  # Define how critical this control is.
-  impact 1.0
-  # The actual test case.
-  describe command('lsb_release -a') do
-    its('stdout') { should match (/Ubuntu/) }
-  end
-end
--- a/test/integration/compute/controls/state_file.rb
+++ b/test/integration/compute/controls/state_file.rb
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-# More info please refer to: https://www.inspec.io/docs/
-
-# Get path to terraform state file from attribute of kitchen-terraform.
-terraform_state = attribute "terraform_state", {}
-
-# Define how critical this control is.
-control "state_file" do
-  # Define how critical this control is.
-  impact 0.6
-  # The actual test case.
-  describe "the Terraform state file" do
-    # Get json object of terraform state file.
-    subject do json(terraform_state).terraform_version end
-
-    # Validate the terraform version number field.
-    it "is accessible" do is_expected.to match /\d+\.\d+\.\d+/ end
-  end
-end
--- a/test/integration/compute/inspec.yml
+++ b/test/integration/compute/inspec.yml
@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
---
-name: compute
-version: 0.1.0
--- a/test/integration/fixtures/main.tf
+++ b/test/integration/fixtures/main.tf
@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-provider "random" {
-  version = "~> 1.0"
-}
-
-resource "random_id" "ip_dns" {
-  byte_length = 8
-}
-
-module "linuxservers" {
-  source                       = "../../../"
-  location                     = "${var.location}"
-  vm_os_simple                 = "${var.vm_os_simple}"
-  public_ip_address_allocation = "static"
-  public_ip_dns                = ["linuxserver-${random_id.ip_dns.hex}"]
-  vnet_subnet_id               = "${module.network.vnet_subnets[0]}"
-  ssh_key                      = "${var.ssh_key}"
-  resource_group_name          = "${var.resource_group_name}"
-}
-
-module "network" {
-  version             = "2.0.0"
-  source              = "Azure/network/azurerm"
-  location            = "${var.location}"
-  resource_group_name = "${var.resource_group_name}"
-}
--- a/test/integration/fixtures/outputs.tf
+++ b/test/integration/fixtures/outputs.tf
@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-output "test_target_public_dns" {
-  value = "${module.linuxservers.public_ip_dns_name}"
-}
-
-output "terraform_state" {
-  description = "The path to the backend state file"
-  value       = "${path.cwd}/terraform.tfstate.d/${terraform.workspace}/terraform.tfstate"
-}
--- a/test/integration/fixtures/testing.tfvars
+++ b/test/integration/fixtures/testing.tfvars
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-location = "West US 2"
-ssh_key = "~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
-resource_group_name = "azure_compute_e2e"
-vm_os_simple = "UbuntuServer"
--- a/test/integration/fixtures/variables.tf
+++ b/test/integration/fixtures/variables.tf
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-variable "location" {}
-variable "ssh_key" {}
-variable "resource_group_name" {}
-variable "vm_os_simple" {}
--- a/test/terraform_ssh_example_test.go
+++ b/test/terraform_ssh_example_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+package test
+
+import (
+  "fmt"
+  "io/ioutil"
+  "os"
+  "strings"
+  "testing"
+  "time"
+
+  "github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest/modules/retry"
+  "github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest/modules/ssh"
+  "github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest/modules/terraform"
+  "github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest/modules/test-structure"
+)
+
+func TestTerraformSshExample(t *testing.T) {
+  t.Parallel()
+
+  exampleFolder := "./fixture"
+
+  // At the end of the test, run `terraform destroy` to clean up any resources that were created
+  defer test_structure.RunTestStage(t, "teardown", func() {
+    terraformOptions := test_structure.LoadTerraformOptions(t, exampleFolder)
+    terraform.Destroy(t, terraformOptions)
+  })
+
+  // Deploy the example
+  test_structure.RunTestStage(t, "setup", func() {
+    terraformOptions := configureTerraformOptions(t, exampleFolder)
+
+    // Save the options so later test stages can use them
+    test_structure.SaveTerraformOptions(t, exampleFolder, terraformOptions)
+
+    // This will run `terraform init` and `terraform apply` and fail the test if there are any errors
+    terraform.InitAndApply(t, terraformOptions)
+  })
+
+  // Make sure we can SSH to virtual machines directly from the public Internet
+  test_structure.RunTestStage(t, "validate", func() {
+    terraformOptions := test_structure.LoadTerraformOptions(t, exampleFolder)
+
+    testSSHToPublicHost(t, terraformOptions, "ubuntu_ip_address")
+    testSSHToPublicHost(t, terraformOptions, "debian_ip_address")
+  })
+
+}
+
+func configureTerraformOptions(t *testing.T, exampleFolder string) *terraform.Options {
+
+  terraformOptions := &terraform.Options{
+    // The path to where our Terraform code is located
+    TerraformDir: exampleFolder,
+
+    // Variables to pass to our Terraform code using -var options
+    Vars: map[string]interface{}{},
+  }
+
+  return terraformOptions
+}
+
+func testSSHToPublicHost(t *testing.T, terraformOptions *terraform.Options, address string) {
+  // Run `terraform output` to get the value of an output variable
+  publicIP := terraform.Output(t, terraformOptions, address)
+
+  // Read private key from given file
+  buffer, err := ioutil.ReadFile(os.Args[len(os.Args)-1])
+  if err != nil {
+    t.Fatal(err)
+  }
+  keyPair := ssh.KeyPair{PrivateKey: string(buffer)}
+
+  // We're going to try to SSH to the virtual machine, using our local key pair and specific username
+  publicHost := ssh.Host{
+    Hostname:    publicIP,
+    SshKeyPair:  &keyPair,
+    SshUserName: os.Args[len(os.Args)-2],
+  }
+
+  // It can take a minute or so for the virtual machine to boot up, so retry a few times
+  maxRetries := 15
+  timeBetweenRetries := 5 * time.Second
+  description := fmt.Sprintf("SSH to public host %s", publicIP)
+
+  // Run a simple echo command on the server
+  expectedText := "Hello, World"
+  command := fmt.Sprintf("echo -n '%s'", expectedText)
+
+  // Verify that we can SSH to the virtual machine and run commands
+  retry.DoWithRetry(t, description, maxRetries, timeBetweenRetries, func() (string, error) {
+    // Run the command and get the output
+    actualText, err := ssh.CheckSshCommandE(t, publicHost, command)
+    if err != nil {
+      return "", err
+    }
+
+    // Check whether the output is correct
+    if strings.TrimSpace(actualText) != expectedText {
+      return "", fmt.Errorf("Expected SSH command to return '%s' but got '%s'", expectedText, actualText)
+    }
+    fmt.Println(actualText)
+
+    return "", nil
+  })
+}