cmd/compile, runtime: specialize convT2x, don't alloc for zero vals

Prior to this CL, all runtime conversions
from a concrete value to an interface went
through one of two runtime calls: convT2E or convT2I.
However, in practice, basic types are very common.
Specializing convT2x for those basic types allows
for a more efficient implementation for those types.
For basic scalars and strings, allocation and copying
can use the same methods as normal code.
For pointer-free types, allocation can occur without
zeroing, and copying can take place without GC calls.
For slices, copying is cheaper and simpler.

This CL adds twelve runtime routines:

convT2E16, convT2I16
convT2E32, convT2I32
convT2E64, convT2I64
convT2Estring, convT2Istring
convT2Eslice, convT2Islice
convT2Enoptr, convT2Inoptr

While compiling make.bash, 93% of all convT2x calls
are now to one of these specialized convT2x call.

Within specialized convT2x routines, it is cheap to check
for a zero value, in a way that it is not in general.
When we detect a zero value there, we return a pointer
to zeroVal, rather than allocating.

name                         old time/op  new time/op  delta
ConvT2Ezero/zero/16-8        17.9ns ± 2%   3.0ns ± 3%  -83.20%  (p=0.000 n=56+56)
ConvT2Ezero/zero/32-8        17.8ns ± 2%   3.0ns ± 3%  -83.15%  (p=0.000 n=59+60)
ConvT2Ezero/zero/64-8        20.1ns ± 1%   3.0ns ± 2%  -84.98%  (p=0.000 n=57+57)
ConvT2Ezero/zero/str-8       32.6ns ± 1%   3.0ns ± 4%  -90.70%  (p=0.000 n=59+60)
ConvT2Ezero/zero/slice-8     36.7ns ± 2%   3.0ns ± 2%  -91.78%  (p=0.000 n=59+59)
ConvT2Ezero/zero/big-8       91.9ns ± 2%  85.9ns ± 2%   -6.52%  (p=0.000 n=57+57)
ConvT2Ezero/nonzero/16-8     17.7ns ± 2%  12.7ns ± 3%  -28.38%  (p=0.000 n=55+60)
ConvT2Ezero/nonzero/32-8     17.8ns ± 1%  12.7ns ± 1%  -28.44%  (p=0.000 n=54+57)
ConvT2Ezero/nonzero/64-8     20.0ns ± 1%  15.0ns ± 1%  -24.90%  (p=0.000 n=56+58)
ConvT2Ezero/nonzero/str-8    32.6ns ± 1%  25.7ns ± 1%  -21.17%  (p=0.000 n=58+55)
ConvT2Ezero/nonzero/slice-8  36.8ns ± 2%  30.4ns ± 1%  -17.32%  (p=0.000 n=60+52)
ConvT2Ezero/nonzero/big-8    92.1ns ± 2%  85.9ns ± 2%   -6.70%  (p=0.000 n=57+59)

Benchmarks on a real program (the compiler):

name       old time/op      new time/op      delta
Template        227ms ± 5%       221ms ± 2%  -2.48%  (p=0.000 n=30+26)
Unicode         102ms ± 5%       100ms ± 3%  -1.30%  (p=0.009 n=30+26)
GoTypes         656ms ± 5%       659ms ± 4%    ~     (p=0.208 n=30+30)
Compiler        2.82s ± 2%       2.82s ± 1%    ~     (p=0.614 n=29+27)
Flate           128ms ± 2%       128ms ± 5%    ~     (p=0.783 n=27+28)
GoParser        158ms ± 3%       158ms ± 3%    ~     (p=0.261 n=28+30)
Reflect         408ms ± 7%       401ms ± 3%    ~     (p=0.075 n=30+30)
Tar             123ms ± 6%       121ms ± 8%    ~     (p=0.287 n=29+30)
XML             220ms ± 2%       220ms ± 4%    ~     (p=0.805 n=29+29)

name       old user-ns/op   new user-ns/op   delta
Template   281user-ms ± 4%  279user-ms ± 3%  -0.87%  (p=0.044 n=28+28)
Unicode    142user-ms ± 4%  141user-ms ± 3%  -1.04%  (p=0.015 n=30+27)
GoTypes    884user-ms ± 3%  886user-ms ± 2%    ~     (p=0.532 n=30+30)
Compiler   3.94user-s ± 3%  3.92user-s ± 1%    ~     (p=0.185 n=30+28)
Flate      165user-ms ± 2%  165user-ms ± 4%    ~     (p=0.780 n=27+29)
GoParser   209user-ms ± 2%  208user-ms ± 3%    ~     (p=0.453 n=28+30)
Reflect    533user-ms ± 6%  526user-ms ± 3%    ~     (p=0.057 n=30+30)
Tar        156user-ms ± 6%  154user-ms ± 6%    ~     (p=0.133 n=29+30)
XML        288user-ms ± 4%  288user-ms ± 4%    ~     (p=0.633 n=30+30)

name       old alloc/op     new alloc/op     delta
Template       41.0MB ± 0%      40.9MB ± 0%  -0.11%  (p=0.000 n=29+29)
Unicode        32.6MB ± 0%      32.6MB ± 0%    ~     (p=0.572 n=29+30)
GoTypes         122MB ± 0%       122MB ± 0%  -0.10%  (p=0.000 n=30+30)
Compiler        482MB ± 0%       481MB ± 0%  -0.07%  (p=0.000 n=30+29)
Flate          26.6MB ± 0%      26.6MB ± 0%    ~     (p=0.096 n=30+30)
GoParser       32.7MB ± 0%      32.6MB ± 0%  -0.06%  (p=0.011 n=28+28)
Reflect        84.2MB ± 0%      84.1MB ± 0%  -0.17%  (p=0.000 n=29+30)
Tar            27.7MB ± 0%      27.7MB ± 0%  -0.05%  (p=0.032 n=27+28)
XML            44.7MB ± 0%      44.7MB ± 0%    ~     (p=0.131 n=28+30)

name       old allocs/op    new allocs/op    delta
Template         373k ± 1%        370k ± 1%  -0.76%  (p=0.000 n=30+30)
Unicode          325k ± 1%        325k ± 1%    ~     (p=0.383 n=29+30)
GoTypes         1.16M ± 0%       1.15M ± 0%  -0.75%  (p=0.000 n=29+30)
Compiler        4.15M ± 0%       4.13M ± 0%  -0.59%  (p=0.000 n=30+29)
Flate            238k ± 1%        237k ± 1%  -0.62%  (p=0.000 n=30+30)
GoParser         304k ± 1%        302k ± 1%  -0.64%  (p=0.000 n=30+28)
Reflect         1.00M ± 0%       0.99M ± 0%  -1.10%  (p=0.000 n=29+30)
Tar              245k ± 1%        244k ± 1%  -0.59%  (p=0.000 n=27+29)
XML              391k ± 1%        389k ± 1%  -0.59%  (p=0.000 n=29+30)

Change-Id: Id7f456d690567c2b0a96b0d6d64de8784b6e305f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/36476
Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
This commit is contained in:
Josh Bleecher Snyder 2017-02-03 22:40:56 -08:00
Родитель f6fc0dd620
Коммит 504bc3ed24
6 изменённых файлов: 426 добавлений и 16 удалений

Просмотреть файл

@ -49,7 +49,19 @@ var runtimeDecls = [...]struct {
{"slicestringcopy", funcTag, 51}, {"slicestringcopy", funcTag, 51},
{"convI2I", funcTag, 52}, {"convI2I", funcTag, 52},
{"convT2E", funcTag, 53}, {"convT2E", funcTag, 53},
{"convT2E16", funcTag, 53},
{"convT2E32", funcTag, 53},
{"convT2E64", funcTag, 53},
{"convT2Estring", funcTag, 53},
{"convT2Eslice", funcTag, 53},
{"convT2Enoptr", funcTag, 53},
{"convT2I", funcTag, 53}, {"convT2I", funcTag, 53},
{"convT2I16", funcTag, 53},
{"convT2I32", funcTag, 53},
{"convT2I64", funcTag, 53},
{"convT2Istring", funcTag, 53},
{"convT2Islice", funcTag, 53},
{"convT2Inoptr", funcTag, 53},
{"assertE2I", funcTag, 52}, {"assertE2I", funcTag, 52},
{"assertE2I2", funcTag, 54}, {"assertE2I2", funcTag, 54},
{"assertI2I", funcTag, 52}, {"assertI2I", funcTag, 52},

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@ -61,8 +61,22 @@ func slicestringcopy(to any, fr any) int
// interface conversions // interface conversions
func convI2I(typ *byte, elem any) (ret any) func convI2I(typ *byte, elem any) (ret any)
func convT2E(typ *byte, elem *any) (ret any) func convT2E(typ *byte, elem *any) (ret any)
func convT2E16(typ *byte, elem *any) (ret any)
func convT2E32(typ *byte, elem *any) (ret any)
func convT2E64(typ *byte, elem *any) (ret any)
func convT2Estring(typ *byte, elem *any) (ret any)
func convT2Eslice(typ *byte, elem *any) (ret any)
func convT2Enoptr(typ *byte, elem *any) (ret any)
func convT2I(tab *byte, elem *any) (ret any) func convT2I(tab *byte, elem *any) (ret any)
func convT2I16(tab *byte, elem *any) (ret any)
func convT2I32(tab *byte, elem *any) (ret any)
func convT2I64(tab *byte, elem *any) (ret any)
func convT2Istring(tab *byte, elem *any) (ret any)
func convT2Islice(tab *byte, elem *any) (ret any)
func convT2Inoptr(tab *byte, elem *any) (ret any)
// interface type assertions x.(T) // interface type assertions x.(T)
func assertE2I(typ *byte, iface any) (ret any) func assertE2I(typ *byte, iface any) (ret any)

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@ -417,8 +417,36 @@ func convFuncName(from, to *Type) string {
case 'T': case 'T':
switch tkind { switch tkind {
case 'E': case 'E':
switch {
case from.Size() == 2 && from.Align == 2:
return "convT2E16"
case from.Size() == 4 && from.Align == 4 && !haspointers(from):
return "convT2E32"
case from.Size() == 8 && from.Align == Types[TUINT64].Align && !haspointers(from):
return "convT2E64"
case from.IsString():
return "convT2Estring"
case from.IsSlice():
return "convT2Eslice"
case !haspointers(from):
return "convT2Enoptr"
}
return "convT2E" return "convT2E"
case 'I': case 'I':
switch {
case from.Size() == 2 && from.Align == 2:
return "convT2I16"
case from.Size() == 4 && from.Align == 4 && !haspointers(from):
return "convT2I32"
case from.Size() == 8 && from.Align == Types[TUINT64].Align && !haspointers(from):
return "convT2I64"
case from.IsString():
return "convT2Istring"
case from.IsSlice():
return "convT2Islice"
case !haspointers(from):
return "convT2Inoptr"
}
return "convT2I" return "convT2I"
} }
} }

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@ -205,19 +205,124 @@ func convT2E(t *_type, elem unsafe.Pointer) (e eface) {
if msanenabled { if msanenabled {
msanread(elem, t.size) msanread(elem, t.size)
} }
if isDirectIface(t) { x := mallocgc(t.size, t, true)
// This case is implemented directly by the compiler. // TODO: We allocate a zeroed object only to overwrite it with actual data.
throw("direct convT2E") // Figure out how to avoid zeroing. Also below in convT2Eslice, convT2I, convT2Islice.
}
x := newobject(t)
// TODO: We allocate a zeroed object only to overwrite it with
// actual data. Figure out how to avoid zeroing. Also below in convT2I.
typedmemmove(t, x, elem) typedmemmove(t, x, elem)
e._type = t e._type = t
e.data = x e.data = x
return return
} }
func convT2E16(t *_type, elem unsafe.Pointer) (e eface) {
if raceenabled {
raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&t)), funcPC(convT2E16))
}
if msanenabled {
msanread(elem, t.size)
}
var x unsafe.Pointer
if *(*uint16)(elem) == 0 {
x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0])
} else {
x = mallocgc(2, t, false)
*(*uint16)(x) = *(*uint16)(elem)
}
e._type = t
e.data = x
return
}
func convT2E32(t *_type, elem unsafe.Pointer) (e eface) {
if raceenabled {
raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&t)), funcPC(convT2E32))
}
if msanenabled {
msanread(elem, t.size)
}
var x unsafe.Pointer
if *(*uint32)(elem) == 0 {
x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0])
} else {
x = mallocgc(4, t, false)
*(*uint32)(x) = *(*uint32)(elem)
}
e._type = t
e.data = x
return
}
func convT2E64(t *_type, elem unsafe.Pointer) (e eface) {
if raceenabled {
raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&t)), funcPC(convT2E64))
}
if msanenabled {
msanread(elem, t.size)
}
var x unsafe.Pointer
if *(*uint64)(elem) == 0 {
x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0])
} else {
x = mallocgc(8, t, false)
*(*uint64)(x) = *(*uint64)(elem)
}
e._type = t
e.data = x
return
}
func convT2Estring(t *_type, elem unsafe.Pointer) (e eface) {
if raceenabled {
raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&t)), funcPC(convT2Estring))
}
if msanenabled {
msanread(elem, t.size)
}
var x unsafe.Pointer
if *(*string)(elem) == "" {
x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0])
} else {
x = mallocgc(t.size, t, true)
*(*string)(x) = *(*string)(elem)
}
e._type = t
e.data = x
return
}
func convT2Eslice(t *_type, elem unsafe.Pointer) (e eface) {
if raceenabled {
raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&t)), funcPC(convT2Eslice))
}
if msanenabled {
msanread(elem, t.size)
}
var x unsafe.Pointer
if v := *(*slice)(elem); uintptr(v.array) == 0 {
x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0])
} else {
x = mallocgc(t.size, t, true)
*(*slice)(x) = *(*slice)(elem)
}
e._type = t
e.data = x
return
}
func convT2Enoptr(t *_type, elem unsafe.Pointer) (e eface) {
if raceenabled {
raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&t)), funcPC(convT2Enoptr))
}
if msanenabled {
msanread(elem, t.size)
}
x := mallocgc(t.size, t, false)
memmove(x, elem, t.size)
e._type = t
e.data = x
return
}
func convT2I(tab *itab, elem unsafe.Pointer) (i iface) { func convT2I(tab *itab, elem unsafe.Pointer) (i iface) {
t := tab._type t := tab._type
if raceenabled { if raceenabled {
@ -226,17 +331,128 @@ func convT2I(tab *itab, elem unsafe.Pointer) (i iface) {
if msanenabled { if msanenabled {
msanread(elem, t.size) msanread(elem, t.size)
} }
if isDirectIface(t) { x := mallocgc(t.size, t, true)
// This case is implemented directly by the compiler.
throw("direct convT2I")
}
x := newobject(t)
typedmemmove(t, x, elem) typedmemmove(t, x, elem)
i.tab = tab i.tab = tab
i.data = x i.data = x
return return
} }
func convT2I16(tab *itab, elem unsafe.Pointer) (i iface) {
t := tab._type
if raceenabled {
raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&tab)), funcPC(convT2I16))
}
if msanenabled {
msanread(elem, t.size)
}
var x unsafe.Pointer
if *(*uint16)(elem) == 0 {
x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0])
} else {
x = mallocgc(2, t, false)
*(*uint16)(x) = *(*uint16)(elem)
}
i.tab = tab
i.data = x
return
}
func convT2I32(tab *itab, elem unsafe.Pointer) (i iface) {
t := tab._type
if raceenabled {
raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&tab)), funcPC(convT2I32))
}
if msanenabled {
msanread(elem, t.size)
}
var x unsafe.Pointer
if *(*uint32)(elem) == 0 {
x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0])
} else {
x = mallocgc(4, t, false)
*(*uint32)(x) = *(*uint32)(elem)
}
i.tab = tab
i.data = x
return
}
func convT2I64(tab *itab, elem unsafe.Pointer) (i iface) {
t := tab._type
if raceenabled {
raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&tab)), funcPC(convT2I64))
}
if msanenabled {
msanread(elem, t.size)
}
var x unsafe.Pointer
if *(*uint64)(elem) == 0 {
x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0])
} else {
x = mallocgc(8, t, false)
*(*uint64)(x) = *(*uint64)(elem)
}
i.tab = tab
i.data = x
return
}
func convT2Istring(tab *itab, elem unsafe.Pointer) (i iface) {
t := tab._type
if raceenabled {
raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&tab)), funcPC(convT2Istring))
}
if msanenabled {
msanread(elem, t.size)
}
var x unsafe.Pointer
if *(*string)(elem) == "" {
x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0])
} else {
x = mallocgc(t.size, t, true)
*(*string)(x) = *(*string)(elem)
}
i.tab = tab
i.data = x
return
}
func convT2Islice(tab *itab, elem unsafe.Pointer) (i iface) {
t := tab._type
if raceenabled {
raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&tab)), funcPC(convT2Islice))
}
if msanenabled {
msanread(elem, t.size)
}
var x unsafe.Pointer
if v := *(*slice)(elem); uintptr(v.array) == 0 {
x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0])
} else {
x = mallocgc(t.size, t, true)
*(*slice)(x) = *(*slice)(elem)
}
i.tab = tab
i.data = x
return
}
func convT2Inoptr(tab *itab, elem unsafe.Pointer) (i iface) {
t := tab._type
if raceenabled {
raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&tab)), funcPC(convT2Inoptr))
}
if msanenabled {
msanread(elem, t.size)
}
x := mallocgc(t.size, t, false)
memmove(x, elem, t.size)
i.tab = tab
i.data = x
return
}
func convI2I(inter *interfacetype, i iface) (r iface) { func convI2I(inter *interfacetype, i iface) (r iface) {
tab := i.tab tab := i.tab
if tab == nil { if tab == nil {

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@ -29,6 +29,20 @@ func (TM) Method2() {}
func (TL) Method1() {} func (TL) Method1() {}
func (TL) Method2() {} func (TL) Method2() {}
type T8 uint8
type T16 uint16
type T32 uint32
type T64 uint64
type Tstr string
type Tslice []byte
func (T8) Method1() {}
func (T16) Method1() {}
func (T32) Method1() {}
func (T64) Method1() {}
func (Tstr) Method1() {}
func (Tslice) Method1() {}
var ( var (
e interface{} e interface{}
e_ interface{} e_ interface{}
@ -261,3 +275,129 @@ func TestNonEscapingConvT2I(t *testing.T) {
t.Fatalf("want 0 allocs, got %v", n) t.Fatalf("want 0 allocs, got %v", n)
} }
} }
func TestZeroConvT2x(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
name string
fn func()
}{
{name: "E8", fn: func() { e = eight8 }}, // any byte-sized value does not allocate
{name: "E16", fn: func() { e = zero16 }}, // zero values do not allocate
{name: "E32", fn: func() { e = zero32 }},
{name: "E64", fn: func() { e = zero64 }},
{name: "Estr", fn: func() { e = zerostr }},
{name: "Eslice", fn: func() { e = zeroslice }},
{name: "Econstflt", fn: func() { e = 99.0 }}, // constants do not allocate
{name: "Econststr", fn: func() { e = "change" }},
{name: "I8", fn: func() { i1 = eight8I }},
{name: "I16", fn: func() { i1 = zero16I }},
{name: "I32", fn: func() { i1 = zero32I }},
{name: "I64", fn: func() { i1 = zero64I }},
{name: "Istr", fn: func() { i1 = zerostrI }},
{name: "Islice", fn: func() { i1 = zerosliceI }},
}
for _, test := range tests {
t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
n := testing.AllocsPerRun(1000, test.fn)
if n != 0 {
t.Errorf("want zero allocs, got %v", n)
}
})
}
}
var (
eight8 uint8 = 8
eight8I T8 = 8
zero16 uint16 = 0
zero16I T16 = 0
one16 uint16 = 1
zero32 uint32 = 0
zero32I T32 = 0
one32 uint32 = 1
zero64 uint64 = 0
zero64I T64 = 0
one64 uint64 = 1
zerostr string = ""
zerostrI Tstr = ""
nzstr string = "abc"
zeroslice []byte = nil
zerosliceI Tslice = nil
nzslice []byte = []byte("abc")
zerobig [512]byte
nzbig [512]byte = [512]byte{511: 1}
)
func BenchmarkConvT2Ezero(b *testing.B) {
b.Run("zero", func(b *testing.B) {
b.Run("16", func(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
e = zero16
}
})
b.Run("32", func(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
e = zero32
}
})
b.Run("64", func(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
e = zero64
}
})
b.Run("str", func(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
e = zerostr
}
})
b.Run("slice", func(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
e = zeroslice
}
})
b.Run("big", func(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
e = zerobig
}
})
})
b.Run("nonzero", func(b *testing.B) {
b.Run("16", func(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
e = one16
}
})
b.Run("32", func(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
e = one32
}
})
b.Run("64", func(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
e = one64
}
})
b.Run("str", func(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
e = nzstr
}
})
b.Run("slice", func(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
e = nzslice
}
})
b.Run("big", func(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
e = nzbig
}
})
})
}

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@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ var i9 interface{}
func f9() bool { func f9() bool {
g8() g8()
x := i9 x := i9
y := interface{}(str()) // ERROR "live at call to convT2E: .autotmp_[0-9]+ x.data x.type$" "live at call to str: x.data x.type$" y := interface{}(str()) // ERROR "live at call to convT2Estring: .autotmp_[0-9]+ x.data x.type$" "live at call to str: x.data x.type$"
i9 = y // make y escape so the line above has to call convT2E i9 = y // make y escape so the line above has to call convT2E
return x != y return x != y
} }
@ -494,13 +494,13 @@ func f30(b bool) {
func f31(b1, b2, b3 bool) { func f31(b1, b2, b3 bool) {
if b1 { if b1 {
g31(str()) // ERROR "live at call to convT2E: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" "live at call to g31: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" g31(str()) // ERROR "live at call to convT2Estring: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" "live at call to g31: .autotmp_[0-9]+$"
} }
if b2 { if b2 {
h31(str()) // ERROR "live at call to convT2E: .autotmp_[0-9]+ .autotmp_[0-9]+$" "live at call to h31: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" "live at call to newobject: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" h31(str()) // ERROR "live at call to convT2Estring: .autotmp_[0-9]+ .autotmp_[0-9]+$" "live at call to h31: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" "live at call to newobject: .autotmp_[0-9]+$"
} }
if b3 { if b3 {
panic(str()) // ERROR "live at call to convT2E: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" "live at call to gopanic: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" panic(str()) // ERROR "live at call to convT2Estring: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" "live at call to gopanic: .autotmp_[0-9]+$"
} }
print(b3) print(b3)
} }