This commit is contained in:
Erick Zhao 2021-11-09 17:44:28 -08:00 коммит произвёл Antón Molleda
Родитель c462c4e45c
Коммит e9a98cdaea
10 изменённых файлов: 284 добавлений и 381 удалений

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@ -66,10 +66,9 @@ an issue:
* [Testing and Debugging](latest/tutorial/application-debugging.md)
* [Debugging the Main Process](latest/tutorial/debugging-main-process.md)
* [Debugging with Visual Studio Code](latest/tutorial/debugging-vscode.md)
* [Using Selenium and WebDriver](latest/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver.md)
* [Testing on Headless CI Systems (Travis, Jenkins)](latest/tutorial/testing-on-headless-ci.md)
* [DevTools Extension](latest/tutorial/devtools-extension.md)
* [Automated Testing with a Custom Driver](latest/tutorial/automated-testing-with-a-custom-driver.md)
* [Automated Testing](latest/tutorial/automated-testing.md)
* [REPL](latest/tutorial/repl.md)
* [Distribution](latest/tutorial/application-distribution.md)
* [Supported Platforms](latest/tutorial/support.md#supported-platforms)

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@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ Returns:
* `launchInfo` Record<string, any&#62; | [NotificationResponse](latest/api/structures/notification-response.md) _macOS_
Emitted once, when Electron has finished initializing. On macOS, `launchInfo`
holds the `userInfo` of the `NSUserNotification` or information from
[`UNNotificationResponse`](latest/api/structures/notification-response.md) that was used to open the
application, if it was launched from Notification Center. You can also call
`app.isReady()` to check if this event has already fired and `app.whenReady()`
holds the `userInfo` of the [`NSUserNotification`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nsusernotification)
or information from [`UNNotificationResponse`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/usernotifications/unnotificationresponse)
that was used to open the application, if it was launched from Notification Center.
You can also call `app.isReady()` to check if this event has already fired and `app.whenReady()`
to get a Promise that is fulfilled when Electron is initialized.
### Event: 'window-all-closed'

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@ -1704,7 +1704,7 @@ current window into a top-level window.
#### `win.getParentWindow()`
Returns `BrowserWindow` - The parent window.
Returns `BrowserWindow | null` - The parent window or `null` if there is no parent.
#### `win.getChildWindows()`

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@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Returns `Boolean` - Whether the clipboard supports the specified `format`.
```js
const { clipboard } = require('electron')
const hasFormat = clipboard.has('<p>selection</p>')
const hasFormat = clipboard.has('public/utf8-plain-text')
console.log(hasFormat)
// 'true' or 'false'
```

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@ -1,55 +1,14 @@
---
title: "Accessibility"
description: "Making accessible applications is important and we're happy to provide functionality to Devtron and Spectron that gives developers the opportunity to make their apps better for everyone."
description: "Accessibility concerns in Electron applications are similar to those of websites because they're both ultimately HTML."
slug: accessibility
hide_title: false
---
# Accessibility
Making accessible applications is important and we're happy to provide
functionality to [Devtron][devtron] and [Spectron][spectron] that gives
developers the opportunity to make their apps better for everyone.
---
Accessibility concerns in Electron applications are similar to those of
websites because they're both ultimately HTML. With Electron apps, however,
you can't use the online resources for accessibility audits because your app
doesn't have a URL to point the auditor to.
These features bring those auditing tools to your Electron app. You can
choose to add audits to your tests with Spectron or use them within DevTools
with Devtron. Read on for a summary of the tools.
## Spectron
In the testing framework Spectron, you can now audit each window and `<webview>`
tag in your application. For example:
```javascript
app.client.auditAccessibility().then(function (audit) {
if (audit.failed) {
console.error(audit.message)
}
})
```
You can read more about this feature in [Spectron's documentation][spectron-a11y].
## Devtron
In Devtron, there is an accessibility tab which will allow you to audit a
page in your app, sort and filter the results.
![devtron screenshot][devtron-screenshot]
Both of these tools are using the [Accessibility Developer Tools][a11y-devtools]
library built by Google for Chrome. You can learn more about the accessibility
audit rules this library uses on that [repository's wiki][a11y-devtools-wiki].
If you know of other great accessibility tools for Electron, add them to the
accessibility documentation with a pull request.
websites because they're both ultimately HTML.
## Manually enabling accessibility features
@ -91,10 +50,6 @@ CFStringRef kAXManualAccessibility = CFSTR("AXManualAccessibility");
}
```
[devtron]: https://electronjs.org/devtron
[devtron-screenshot]: https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/1305617/17156618/9f9bcd72-533f-11e6-880d-389115f40a2a.png
[spectron]: https://electronjs.org/spectron
[spectron-a11y]: https://github.com/electron/spectron#accessibility-testing
[a11y-docs]: https://www.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/accessibility#TOC-How-Chrome-detects-the-presence-of-Assistive-Technology
[a11y-devtools]: https://github.com/GoogleChrome/accessibility-developer-tools
[a11y-devtools-wiki]: https://github.com/GoogleChrome/accessibility-developer-tools/wiki/Audit-Rules

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@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
---
title: "Automated Testing with a Custom Driver"
description: "To write automated tests for your Electron app, you will need a way to \"drive\" your application. Spectron is a commonly-used solution which lets you emulate user actions via WebDriver. However, it's also possible to write your own custom driver using node's builtin IPC-over-STDIO. The benefit of a custom driver is that it tends to require less overhead than Spectron, and lets you expose custom methods to your test suite."
slug: automated-testing-with-a-custom-driver
hide_title: false
---
# Automated Testing with a Custom Driver
To write automated tests for your Electron app, you will need a way to "drive" your application. [Spectron](https://electronjs.org/spectron) is a commonly-used solution which lets you emulate user actions via [WebDriver](https://webdriver.io/). However, it's also possible to write your own custom driver using node's builtin IPC-over-STDIO. The benefit of a custom driver is that it tends to require less overhead than Spectron, and lets you expose custom methods to your test suite.
To create a custom driver, we'll use Node.js' [child_process](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html) API. The test suite will spawn the Electron process, then establish a simple messaging protocol:
```js
const childProcess = require('child_process')
const electronPath = require('electron')
// spawn the process
const env = { /* ... */ }
const stdio = ['inherit', 'inherit', 'inherit', 'ipc']
const appProcess = childProcess.spawn(electronPath, ['./app'], { stdio, env })
// listen for IPC messages from the app
appProcess.on('message', (msg) => {
// ...
})
// send an IPC message to the app
appProcess.send({ my: 'message' })
```
From within the Electron app, you can listen for messages and send replies using the Node.js [process](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html) API:
```js
// listen for IPC messages from the test suite
process.on('message', (msg) => {
// ...
})
// send an IPC message to the test suite
process.send({ my: 'message' })
```
We can now communicate from the test suite to the Electron app using the `appProcess` object.
For convenience, you may want to wrap `appProcess` in a driver object that provides more high-level functions. Here is an example of how you can do this:
```js
class TestDriver {
constructor ({ path, args, env }) {
this.rpcCalls = []
// start child process
env.APP_TEST_DRIVER = 1 // let the app know it should listen for messages
this.process = childProcess.spawn(path, args, { stdio: ['inherit', 'inherit', 'inherit', 'ipc'], env })
// handle rpc responses
this.process.on('message', (message) => {
// pop the handler
const rpcCall = this.rpcCalls[message.msgId]
if (!rpcCall) return
this.rpcCalls[message.msgId] = null
// reject/resolve
if (message.reject) rpcCall.reject(message.reject)
else rpcCall.resolve(message.resolve)
})
// wait for ready
this.isReady = this.rpc('isReady').catch((err) => {
console.error('Application failed to start', err)
this.stop()
process.exit(1)
})
}
// simple RPC call
// to use: driver.rpc('method', 1, 2, 3).then(...)
async rpc (cmd, ...args) {
// send rpc request
const msgId = this.rpcCalls.length
this.process.send({ msgId, cmd, args })
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => this.rpcCalls.push({ resolve, reject }))
}
stop () {
this.process.kill()
}
}
```
In the app, you'd need to write a simple handler for the RPC calls:
```js
if (process.env.APP_TEST_DRIVER) {
process.on('message', onMessage)
}
async function onMessage ({ msgId, cmd, args }) {
let method = METHODS[cmd]
if (!method) method = () => new Error('Invalid method: ' + cmd)
try {
const resolve = await method(...args)
process.send({ msgId, resolve })
} catch (err) {
const reject = {
message: err.message,
stack: err.stack,
name: err.name
}
process.send({ msgId, reject })
}
}
const METHODS = {
isReady () {
// do any setup needed
return true
}
// define your RPC-able methods here
}
```
Then, in your test suite, you can use your test-driver as follows:
```js
const test = require('ava')
const electronPath = require('electron')
const app = new TestDriver({
path: electronPath,
args: ['./app'],
env: {
NODE_ENV: 'test'
}
})
test.before(async t => {
await app.isReady
})
test.after.always('cleanup', async t => {
await app.stop()
})
```

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@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
---
title: "Automated Testing"
description: "Test automation is an efficient way of validating that your application code works as intended. While Electron doesn't actively maintain its own testing solution, this guide will go over a couple ways you can run end-to-end automated tests on your Electron app."
slug: automated-testing
hide_title: false
---
# Automated Testing
Test automation is an efficient way of validating that your application code works as intended.
While Electron doesn't actively maintain its own testing solution, this guide will go over a couple
ways you can run end-to-end automated tests on your Electron app.
## Using the WebDriver interface
From [ChromeDriver - WebDriver for Chrome][chrome-driver]:
> WebDriver is an open source tool for automated testing of web apps across many
> browsers. It provides capabilities for navigating to web pages, user input,
> JavaScript execution, and more. ChromeDriver is a standalone server which
> implements WebDriver's wire protocol for Chromium. It is being developed by
> members of the Chromium and WebDriver teams.
There are a few ways that you can set up testing using WebDriver.
### With WebdriverIO
[WebdriverIO](https://webdriver.io/) (WDIO) is a test automation framework that provides a
Node.js package for testing with WebDriver. Its ecosystem also includes various plugins
(e.g. reporter and services) that can help you put together your test setup.
#### Install the testrunner
First you need to run the WebdriverIO starter toolkit in your project root directory:
```sh npm2yarn
npx wdio . --yes
```
This installs all necessary packages for you and generates a `wdio.conf.js` configuration file.
#### Connect WDIO to your Electron app
Update the capabilities in your configuration file to point to your Electron app binary:
```javascript title='wdio.conf.js'
export.config = {
// ...
capabilities: [{
browserName: 'chrome',
'goog:chromeOptions': {
binary: '/path/to/your/electron/binary', // Path to your Electron binary.
args: [/* cli arguments */] // Optional, perhaps 'app=' + /path/to/your/app/
}
}]
// ...
}
```
#### Run your tests
To run your tests:
```sh
$ npx wdio run wdio.conf.js
```
[chrome-driver]: https://sites.google.com/chromium.org/driver/
### With Selenium
[Selenium](https://www.selenium.dev/) is a web automation framework that
exposes bindings to WebDriver APIs in many languages. Their Node.js bindings
are available under the `selenium-webdriver` package on NPM.
#### Run a ChromeDriver server
In order to use Selenium with Electron, you need to download the `electron-chromedriver`
binary, and run it:
```sh npm2yarn
npm install --save-dev electron-chromedriver
./node_modules/.bin/chromedriver
Starting ChromeDriver (v2.10.291558) on port 9515
Only local connections are allowed.
```
Remember the port number `9515`, which will be used later.
#### Connect Selenium to ChromeDriver
Next, install Selenium into your project:
```sh npm2yarn
npm install --save-dev selenium-webdriver
```
Usage of `selenium-webdriver` with Electron is the same as with
normal websites, except that you have to manually specify how to connect
ChromeDriver and where to find the binary of your Electron app:
```js title='test.js'
const webdriver = require('selenium-webdriver')
const driver = new webdriver.Builder()
// The "9515" is the port opened by ChromeDriver.
.usingServer('http://localhost:9515')
.withCapabilities({
'goog:chromeOptions': {
// Here is the path to your Electron binary.
binary: '/Path-to-Your-App.app/Contents/MacOS/Electron'
}
})
.forBrowser('chrome') // note: use .forBrowser('electron') for selenium-webdriver <= 3.6.0
.build()
driver.get('http://www.google.com')
driver.findElement(webdriver.By.name('q')).sendKeys('webdriver')
driver.findElement(webdriver.By.name('btnG')).click()
driver.wait(() => {
return driver.getTitle().then((title) => {
return title === 'webdriver - Google Search'
})
}, 1000)
driver.quit()
```
## Using a custom test driver
It's also possible to write your own custom driver using Node.js' built-in IPC-over-STDIO.
Custom test drivers require you to write additional app code, but have lower overhead and let you
expose custom methods to your test suite.
To create a custom driver, we'll use Node.js' [`child_process`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html) API.
The test suite will spawn the Electron process, then establish a simple messaging protocol:
```js title='testDriver.js'
const childProcess = require('child_process')
const electronPath = require('electron')
// spawn the process
const env = { /* ... */ }
const stdio = ['inherit', 'inherit', 'inherit', 'ipc']
const appProcess = childProcess.spawn(electronPath, ['./app'], { stdio, env })
// listen for IPC messages from the app
appProcess.on('message', (msg) => {
// ...
})
// send an IPC message to the app
appProcess.send({ my: 'message' })
```
From within the Electron app, you can listen for messages and send replies using the Node.js
[`process`](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html) API:
```js title='main.js'
// listen for messages from the test suite
process.on('message', (msg) => {
// ...
})
// send a message to the test suite
process.send({ my: 'message' })
```
We can now communicate from the test suite to the Electron app using the `appProcess` object.
For convenience, you may want to wrap `appProcess` in a driver object that provides more
high-level functions. Here is an example of how you can do this. Let's start by creating
a `TestDriver` class:
```js title='testDriver.js'
class TestDriver {
constructor ({ path, args, env }) {
this.rpcCalls = []
// start child process
env.APP_TEST_DRIVER = 1 // let the app know it should listen for messages
this.process = childProcess.spawn(path, args, { stdio: ['inherit', 'inherit', 'inherit', 'ipc'], env })
// handle rpc responses
this.process.on('message', (message) => {
// pop the handler
const rpcCall = this.rpcCalls[message.msgId]
if (!rpcCall) return
this.rpcCalls[message.msgId] = null
// reject/resolve
if (message.reject) rpcCall.reject(message.reject)
else rpcCall.resolve(message.resolve)
})
// wait for ready
this.isReady = this.rpc('isReady').catch((err) => {
console.error('Application failed to start', err)
this.stop()
process.exit(1)
})
}
// simple RPC call
// to use: driver.rpc('method', 1, 2, 3).then(...)
async rpc (cmd, ...args) {
// send rpc request
const msgId = this.rpcCalls.length
this.process.send({ msgId, cmd, args })
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => this.rpcCalls.push({ resolve, reject }))
}
stop () {
this.process.kill()
}
}
module.exports = { TestDriver };
```
In your app code, can then write a simple handler to receive RPC calls:
```js title='main.js'
const METHODS = {
isReady () {
// do any setup needed
return true
}
// define your RPC-able methods here
}
const onMessage = async ({ msgId, cmd, args }) => {
let method = METHODS[cmd]
if (!method) method = () => new Error('Invalid method: ' + cmd)
try {
const resolve = await method(...args)
process.send({ msgId, resolve })
} catch (err) {
const reject = {
message: err.message,
stack: err.stack,
name: err.name
}
process.send({ msgId, reject })
}
}
if (process.env.APP_TEST_DRIVER) {
process.on('message', onMessage)
}
```
Then, in your test suite, you can use your `TestDriver` class with the test automation
framework of your choosing. The following example uses
[`ava`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/ava), but other popular choices like Jest
or Mocha would work as well:
```js title='test.js'
const test = require('ava')
const electronPath = require('electron')
const { TestDriver } = require('./testDriver')
const app = new TestDriver({
path: electronPath,
args: ['./app'],
env: {
NODE_ENV: 'test'
}
})
test.before(async t => {
await app.isReady
})
test.after.always('cleanup', async t => {
await app.stop()
})
```

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@ -1,180 +0,0 @@
---
title: "Selenium and WebDriver"
description: "From ChromeDriver - WebDriver for Chrome:"
slug: using-selenium-and-webdriver
hide_title: false
---
# Selenium and WebDriver
From [ChromeDriver - WebDriver for Chrome][chrome-driver]:
> WebDriver is an open source tool for automated testing of web apps across many
> browsers. It provides capabilities for navigating to web pages, user input,
> JavaScript execution, and more. ChromeDriver is a standalone server which
> implements WebDriver's wire protocol for Chromium. It is being developed by
> members of the Chromium and WebDriver teams.
## Setting up Spectron
[Spectron][spectron] is the officially supported ChromeDriver testing framework
for Electron. It is built on top of [WebdriverIO](https://webdriver.io/) and
has helpers to access Electron APIs in your tests and bundles ChromeDriver.
```sh
$ npm install --save-dev spectron
```
```javascript
// A simple test to verify a visible window is opened with a title
const Application = require('spectron').Application
const assert = require('assert')
const myApp = new Application({
path: '/Applications/MyApp.app/Contents/MacOS/MyApp'
})
const verifyWindowIsVisibleWithTitle = async (app) => {
await app.start()
try {
// Check if the window is visible
const isVisible = await app.browserWindow.isVisible()
// Verify the window is visible
assert.strictEqual(isVisible, true)
// Get the window's title
const title = await app.client.getTitle()
// Verify the window's title
assert.strictEqual(title, 'My App')
} catch (error) {
// Log any failures
console.error('Test failed', error.message)
}
// Stop the application
await app.stop()
}
verifyWindowIsVisibleWithTitle(myApp)
```
## Setting up with WebDriverJs
[WebDriverJs](https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/docs/api/javascript/index.html) provides
a Node package for testing with web driver, we will use it as an example.
### 1. Start ChromeDriver
First you need to download the `chromedriver` binary, and run it:
```sh
$ npm install electron-chromedriver
$ ./node_modules/.bin/chromedriver
Starting ChromeDriver (v2.10.291558) on port 9515
Only local connections are allowed.
```
Remember the port number `9515`, which will be used later
### 2. Install WebDriverJS
```sh
$ npm install selenium-webdriver
```
### 3. Connect to ChromeDriver
The usage of `selenium-webdriver` with Electron is the same with
upstream, except that you have to manually specify how to connect
chrome driver and where to find Electron's binary:
```javascript
const webdriver = require('selenium-webdriver')
const driver = new webdriver.Builder()
// The "9515" is the port opened by chrome driver.
.usingServer('http://localhost:9515')
.withCapabilities({
'goog:chromeOptions': {
// Here is the path to your Electron binary.
binary: '/Path-to-Your-App.app/Contents/MacOS/Electron'
}
})
.forBrowser('chrome') // note: use .forBrowser('electron') for selenium-webdriver <= 3.6.0
.build()
driver.get('http://www.google.com')
driver.findElement(webdriver.By.name('q')).sendKeys('webdriver')
driver.findElement(webdriver.By.name('btnG')).click()
driver.wait(() => {
return driver.getTitle().then((title) => {
return title === 'webdriver - Google Search'
})
}, 1000)
driver.quit()
```
## Setting up with WebdriverIO
[WebdriverIO](https://webdriver.io/) provides a Node package for testing with web
driver.
### 1. Start ChromeDriver
First you need to download the `chromedriver` binary, and run it:
```sh
$ npm install electron-chromedriver
$ ./node_modules/.bin/chromedriver --url-base=wd/hub --port=9515
Starting ChromeDriver (v2.10.291558) on port 9515
Only local connections are allowed.
```
Remember the port number `9515`, which will be used later
### 2. Install WebdriverIO
```sh
$ npm install webdriverio
```
### 3. Connect to chrome driver
```javascript
const webdriverio = require('webdriverio')
const options = {
host: 'localhost', // Use localhost as chrome driver server
port: 9515, // "9515" is the port opened by chrome driver.
desiredCapabilities: {
browserName: 'chrome',
'goog:chromeOptions': {
binary: '/Path-to-Your-App/electron', // Path to your Electron binary.
args: [/* cli arguments */] // Optional, perhaps 'app=' + /path/to/your/app/
}
}
}
const client = webdriverio.remote(options)
client
.init()
.url('http://google.com')
.setValue('#q', 'webdriverio')
.click('#btnG')
.getTitle().then((title) => {
console.log('Title was: ' + title)
})
.end()
```
## Workflow
To test your application without rebuilding Electron,
[place](latest/tutorial/application-distribution.md)
your app source into Electron's resource directory.
Alternatively, pass an argument to run with your Electron binary that points to
your app's folder. This eliminates the need to copy-paste your app into
Electron's resource directory.
[chrome-driver]: https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/
[spectron]: https://electronjs.org/spectron

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@ -77,5 +77,5 @@
"tar-stream": "^2.2.0",
"unist-util-visit-parents": "^3.1.1"
},
"sha": "e9446f0dc425dee443a0d279af44cb686f3b9db4"
"sha": "15038974ad1a10b1c3d74d350c545723b0ed639c"
}

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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ module.exports = {
'latest/tutorial/windows-arm',
'latest/tutorial/windows-taskbar',
'latest/tutorial/tray',
'latest/tutorial/window-customization'
'latest/tutorial/window-customization',
],
},
{
@ -74,13 +74,12 @@ module.exports = {
type: 'category',
label: 'Testing And Debugging',
items: [
'latest/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver',
'latest/tutorial/automated-testing',
'latest/tutorial/debugging-main-process',
'latest/tutorial/debugging-vscode',
'latest/tutorial/repl',
'latest/tutorial/devtools-extension',
'latest/tutorial/application-debugging',
'latest/tutorial/automated-testing-with-a-custom-driver',
'latest/tutorial/testing-on-headless-ci',
'latest/tutorial/testing-widevine-cdm',
],