cmdline-docs: use present tense, not future

+ some smaller cleanups

Closes #11821
This commit is contained in:
Daniel Stenberg 2023-09-08 14:32:29 +02:00
Родитель bfb48e33fb
Коммит 4600bd3993
Не найден ключ, соответствующий данной подписи
Идентификатор ключа GPG: 5CC908FDB71E12C2
113 изменённых файлов: 394 добавлений и 399 удалений

1
.github/scripts/spellcheck.words поставляемый
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@ -634,6 +634,7 @@ Relatedly
repo
reprioritized
resending
resends
RETR
retransmit
retrigger

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@ -45,19 +45,19 @@ Each file has a set of meta-data and a body of text.
### Body
The body of the description. Only refer to options with their long form option
version, like `--verbose`. The output generator will replace such with the
version, like `--verbose`. The output generator replaces such option with the
correct markup that shows both short and long version.
Text written within `*asterisks*` will get shown using italics. Text within
two `**asterisks**` will get shown using bold.
Text written within `*asterisks*` is shown using italics. Text within two
`**asterisks**` is shown using bold.
Text that is prefixed with a space will be treated like an "example" and will
be output in monospace.
Text that is prefixed with a space is treated like an "example" and gets
output in monospace.
## Header and footer
`page-header` is the file that will be output before the generated options
output for the master man page.
`page-header` is the file that is output before the generated options output
for the master man page.
`page-footer` is appended after all the individual options.

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@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ Example: --alt-svc svc.txt $URL
Multi: append
---
This option enables the alt-svc parser in curl. If the file name points to an
existing alt-svc cache file, that will be used. After a completed transfer,
the cache will be saved to the file name again if it has been modified.
existing alt-svc cache file, that gets used. After a completed transfer, the
cache is saved to the file name again if it has been modified.
Specify a "" file name (zero length) to avoid loading/saving and make curl
just handle the cache in memory.
If this option is used several times, curl will load contents from all the
files but the last one will be used for saving.
If this option is used several times, curl loads contents from all the
files but the last one is used for saving.

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@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ method, which you can do with --basic, --digest, --ntlm, and --negotiate.
Using --anyauth is not recommended if you do uploads from stdin, since it may
require data to be sent twice and then the client must be able to rewind. If
the need should arise when uploading from stdin, the upload operation will
fail.
the need should arise when uploading from stdin, the upload operation fails.
Used together with --user.

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@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ Example: --upload-file local --append ftp://example.com/
Added: 4.8
Multi: boolean
---
When used in an upload, this makes curl append to the target file instead of
overwriting it. If the remote file does not exist, it will be created. Note
that this flag is ignored by some SFTP servers (including OpenSSH).
When used in an upload, this option makes curl append to the target file
instead of overwriting it. If the remote file does not exist, it is
created. Note that this flag is ignored by some SFTP servers (including
OpenSSH).

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@ -10,10 +10,12 @@ Added: 8.2.0
Multi: boolean
---
Tells curl to use the CA store from the native operating system to verify the
peer. By default, curl will otherwise use a CA store provided in a single file
or directory, but when using this option it will interface the operating
system's own vault.
peer. By default, curl otherwise uses a CA store provided in a single file or
directory, but when using this option it interfaces the operating system's
own vault.
This option only works for curl on Windows when built to use OpenSSL. When
curl on Windows is built to use Schannel, this feature is implied and curl
then only uses the native CA store.
curl built with wolfSSL also supports this option (added in 8.3.0).

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@ -19,15 +19,15 @@ curl recognizes the environment variable named 'CURL_CA_BUNDLE' if it is
set, and uses the given path as a path to a CA cert bundle. This option
overrides that variable.
The windows version of curl will automatically look for a CA certs file named
The windows version of curl automatically looks for a CA certs file named
'curl-ca-bundle.crt', either in the same directory as curl.exe, or in the
Current Working Directory, or in any folder along your PATH.
(iOS and macOS only) If curl is built against Secure Transport, then this
option is supported for backward compatibility with other SSL engines, but it
should not be set. If the option is not set, then curl will use the
certificates in the system and user Keychain to verify the peer, which is the
preferred method of verifying the peer's certificate chain.
should not be set. If the option is not set, then curl uses the certificates
in the system and user Keychain to verify the peer, which is the preferred
method of verifying the peer's certificate chain.
(Schannel only) This option is supported for Schannel in Windows 7 or later
(added in 7.60.0). This option is supported for backward compatibility with

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@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ c_rehash utility supplied with OpenSSL. Using --capath can allow
OpenSSL-powered curl to make SSL-connections much more efficiently than using
--cacert if the --cacert file contains many CA certificates.
If this option is set, the default capath value will be ignored.
If this option is set, the default capath value is ignored.

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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Multi: single
Tells curl to use the specified client certificate file when getting a file
with HTTPS, FTPS or another SSL-based protocol. The certificate must be in
PKCS#12 format if using Secure Transport, or PEM format if using any other
engine. If the optional password is not specified, it will be queried for on
engine. If the optional password is not specified, it is queried for on
the terminal. Note that this option assumes a certificate file that is the
private key and the client certificate concatenated. See --cert and --key to
specify them independently.
@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ escape character.
If curl is built against OpenSSL library, and the engine pkcs11 is available,
then a PKCS#11 URI (RFC 7512) can be used to specify a certificate located in
a PKCS#11 device. A string beginning with "pkcs11:" will be interpreted as a
PKCS#11 URI. If a PKCS#11 URI is provided, then the --engine option will be set
as "pkcs11" if none was provided and the --cert-type option will be set as
"ENG" if none was provided.
a PKCS#11 device. A string beginning with "pkcs11:" is interpreted as a
PKCS#11 URI. If a PKCS#11 URI is provided, then the --engine option is set as
"pkcs11" if none was provided and the --cert-type option is set as "ENG" if
none was provided.
(iOS and macOS only) If curl is built against Secure Transport, then the
certificate string can either be the name of a certificate/private key in the

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@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ Response headers are not modified when saved, so if they are "interpreted"
separately again at a later point they might appear to be saying that the
content is (still) compressed; while in fact it has already been decompressed.
If this option is used and the server sends an unsupported encoding, curl will
report an error. This is a request, not an order; the server may or may not
If this option is used and the server sends an unsupported encoding, curl
reports an error. This is a request, not an order; the server may or may not
deliver data compressed.

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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ See-also: disable
Multi: append
---
Specify a text file to read curl arguments from. The command line arguments
found in the text file will be used as if they were provided on the command
found in the text file are used as if they were provided on the command
line.
Options and their parameters must be specified on the same line in the file,
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ quotes the following escape sequences are available: \\\\, \\", \\t, \\n, \\r
and \\v. A backslash preceding any other letter is ignored.
If the first non-blank column of a config line is a '#' character, that line
will be treated as a comment.
is treated as a comment.
Only write one option per physical line in the config file. A single line is
required to be no more than 10 megabytes (since 8.2.0).

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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Multi: single
---
Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl's connection to take. This only
limits the connection phase, so if curl connects within the given period it
will continue - if not it will exit.
continues - if not it exits.
This option accepts decimal values (added in 7.32.0). The decimal value needs
to be provided using a dot (.) as decimal separator - not the local version

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@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ Added: 4.8
Multi: single
---
Continue/Resume a previous file transfer at the given offset. The given offset
is the exact number of bytes that will be skipped, counting from the beginning
is the exact number of bytes that are skipped, counting from the beginning
of the source file before it is transferred to the destination. If used with
uploads, the FTP server command SIZE will not be used by curl.
uploads, the FTP server command SIZE is not used by curl.
Use "-C -" to tell curl to automatically find out where/how to resume the
transfer. It then uses the given output/input files to figure that out.

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@ -14,19 +14,18 @@ Multi: single
---
Specify to which file you want curl to write all cookies after a completed
operation. Curl writes all cookies from its in-memory cookie storage to the
given file at the end of operations. If no cookies are known, no data will be
written. The file will be written using the Netscape cookie file format. If
you set the file name to a single dash, "-", the cookies will be written to
stdout.
given file at the end of operations. If no cookies are known, no data is
written. The file is created using the Netscape cookie file format. If you set
the file name to a single dash, "-", the cookies are written to stdout.
The file specified with --cookie-jar is only used for output. No cookies will
be read from the file. To read cookies, use the --cookie option. Both options
The file specified with --cookie-jar is only used for output. No cookies are
read from the file. To read cookies, use the --cookie option. Both options
can specify the same file.
This command line option will activate the cookie engine that makes curl
record and use cookies. The --cookie option also activates it.
This command line option activates the cookie engine that makes curl record
and use cookies. The --cookie option also activates it.
If the cookie jar cannot be created or written to, the whole curl operation
will not fail or even report an error clearly. Using --verbose will get a
warning displayed, but that is the only visible feedback you get about this
possibly lethal situation.
does not fail or even report an error clearly. Using --verbose gets a warning
displayed, but that is the only visible feedback you get about this possibly
lethal situation.

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@ -17,25 +17,25 @@ data previously received from the server in a "Set-Cookie:" line. The data
should be in the format "NAME1=VALUE1; NAME2=VALUE2". This makes curl use the
cookie header with this content explicitly in all outgoing request(s). If
multiple requests are done due to authentication, followed redirects or
similar, they will all get this cookie passed on.
similar, they all get this cookie passed on.
If no '=' symbol is used in the argument, it is instead treated as a filename
to read previously stored cookie from. This option also activates the cookie
engine which will make curl record incoming cookies, which may be handy if
you are using this in combination with the --location option or do multiple URL
engine which makes curl record incoming cookies, which may be handy if you are
using this in combination with the --location option or do multiple URL
transfers on the same invoke. If the file name is exactly a minus ("-"), curl
will instead read the contents from stdin.
instead reads the contents from stdin.
The file format of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers
(Set-Cookie style) or the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format.
The file specified with --cookie is only used as input. No cookies will be
written to the file. To store cookies, use the --cookie-jar option.
The file specified with --cookie is only used as input. No cookies are written
to the file. To store cookies, use the --cookie-jar option.
If you use the Set-Cookie file format and do not specify a domain then the
cookie is not sent since the domain will never match. To address this, set a
domain in Set-Cookie line (doing that will include subdomains) or preferably:
use the Netscape format.
cookie is not sent since the domain never matches. To address this, set a
domain in Set-Cookie line (doing that includes subdomains) or preferably: use
the Netscape format.
Users often want to both read cookies from a file and write updated cookies
back to a file, so using both --cookie and --cookie-jar in the same command

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@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ Added: 7.10.3
See-also: ftp-create-dirs output-dir
Multi: boolean
---
When used in conjunction with the --output option, curl will create the
necessary local directory hierarchy as needed. This option creates the
directories mentioned with the --output option, nothing else. If the --output
file name uses no directory, or if the directories it mentions already exist,
no directories will be created.
When used in conjunction with the --output option, curl creates the necessary
local directory hierarchy as needed. This option creates the directories
mentioned with the --output option, nothing else. If the --output file name
uses no directory, or if the directories it mentions already exist, no
directories are created.
Created directories are made with mode 0750 on unix style file systems.

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@ -19,5 +19,4 @@ in the "openssl s_client/s_server" utilities.
the (EC) curve requested by the client, avoiding nontransparent client/server
negotiations.
If this option is set, the default curves list built into OpenSSL will be
ignored.
If this option is set, the default curves list built into OpenSSL are ignored.

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@ -21,5 +21,5 @@ application/x-www-form-urlencoded. If you want the data to be treated as
arbitrary binary data by the server then set the content-type to octet-stream:
-H "Content-Type: application/octet-stream".
If this option is used several times, the ones following the first will append
If this option is used several times, the ones following the first append
data as described in --data.

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@ -21,20 +21,20 @@ by a separator and a content specification. The <data> part can be passed to
curl using one of the following syntaxes:
.RS
.IP "content"
This will make curl URL-encode the content and pass that on. Just be careful
so that the content does not contain any = or @ symbols, as that will then make
This makes curl URL-encode the content and pass that on. Just be careful
so that the content does not contain any = or @ symbols, as that makes
the syntax match one of the other cases below!
.IP "=content"
This will make curl URL-encode the content and pass that on. The preceding =
This makes curl URL-encode the content and pass that on. The preceding =
symbol is not included in the data.
.IP "name=content"
This will make curl URL-encode the content part and pass that on. Note that
This makes curl URL-encode the content part and pass that on. Note that
the name part is expected to be URL-encoded already.
.IP "@filename"
This will make curl load data from the given file (including any newlines),
This makes curl load data from the given file (including any newlines),
URL-encode that data and pass it on in the POST.
.IP "name@filename"
This will make curl load data from the given file (including any newlines),
This makes curl load data from the given file (including any newlines),
URL-encode that data and pass it on in the POST. The name part gets an equal
sign appended, resulting in *name=urlencoded-file-content*. Note that the
name is expected to be URL-encoded already.

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@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Multi: append
---
Sends the specified data in a POST request to the HTTP server, in the same way
that a browser does when a user has filled in an HTML form and presses the
submit button. This will cause curl to pass the data to the server using the
submit button. This makes curl pass the data to the server using the
content-type application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Compare to --form.
--data-raw is almost the same but does not have a special interpretation of
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ the @ character. To post data purely binary, you should instead use the
--data-urlencode.
If any of these options is used more than once on the same command line, the
data pieces specified will be merged with a separating &-symbol. Thus, using
data pieces specified are merged with a separating &-symbol. Thus, using
'-d name=daniel -d skill=lousy' would generate a post chunk that looks like
'name=daniel&skill=lousy'.
@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a file name to
read the data from, or - if you want curl to read the data from stdin. Posting
data from a file named 'foobar' would thus be done with --data @foobar. When
--data is told to read from a file like that, carriage returns and newlines
will be stripped out. If you do not want the @ character to have a special
are stripped out. If you do not want the @ character to have a special
interpretation use --data-raw instead.
The data for this option is passed on to the server exactly as provided on the
command line. curl will not convert it, change it or improve it. It is up to
the user to provide the data in the correct form.
command line. curl does not convert, change or improve it. It is up to the
user to provide the data in the correct form.

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@ -10,17 +10,16 @@ See-also: disable-epsv ftp-port
Multi: boolean
---
Tell curl to disable the use of the EPRT and LPRT commands when doing active
FTP transfers. Curl will normally always first attempt to use EPRT, then LPRT
before using PORT, but with this option, it will use PORT right away. EPRT and
LPRT are extensions to the original FTP protocol, and may not work on all
servers, but they enable more functionality in a better way than the
traditional PORT command.
FTP transfers. Curl normally first attempts to use EPRT before using PORT, but
with this option, it uses PORT right away. EPRT is an extension to the
original FTP protocol, and does not work on all servers, but enables more
functionality in a better way than the traditional PORT command.
--eprt can be used to explicitly enable EPRT again and --no-eprt is an alias
for --disable-eprt.
If the server is accessed using IPv6, this option will have no effect as EPRT
is necessary then.
If the server is accessed using IPv6, this option has no effect as EPRT is
necessary then.
Disabling EPRT only changes the active behavior. If you want to switch to
passive mode you need to not use --ftp-port or force it with --ftp-pasv.

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@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ See-also: disable-eprt ftp-port
Multi: boolean
---
Tell curl to disable the use of the EPSV command when doing passive FTP
transfers. Curl will normally always first attempt to use EPSV before
PASV, but with this option, it will not try using EPSV.
transfers. Curl normally first attempts to use EPSV before PASV, but with this
option, it does not try EPSV.
--epsv can be used to explicitly enable EPSV again and --no-epsv is an alias
for --disable-epsv.
If the server is an IPv6 host, this option will have no effect as EPSV is
necessary then.
If the server is an IPv6 host, this option has no effect as EPSV is necessary
then.
Disabling EPSV only changes the passive behavior. If you want to switch to
active mode you need to use --ftp-port.

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@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ See-also: config
Multi: boolean
---
If used as the **first** parameter on the command line, the *curlrc* config
file will not be read and used. See the --config for details on the default
config file search path.
file is not read or used. See the --config for details on the default config
file search path.
Prior to 7.50.0 curl supported the short option name *q* but not the long
option name *disable*.

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@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ Multi: single
Specifies which DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) server to use to resolve hostnames,
instead of using the default name resolver mechanism. The URL must be HTTPS.
Some SSL options that you set for your transfer will apply to DoH since the
Some SSL options that you set for your transfer also applies to DoH since the
name lookups take place over SSL. However, the certificate verification
settings are not inherited and can be controlled separately via
--doh-insecure and --doh-cert-status.
settings are not inherited but are controlled separately via --doh-insecure
and --doh-cert-status.
This option is unset if an empty string "" is used as the URL.
(Added in 7.85.0)

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@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ Added: 5.7
Multi: single
---
Write the received protocol headers to the specified file. If no headers are
received, the use of this option will create an empty file.
received, the use of this option creates an empty file.
When used in FTP, the FTP server response lines are considered being "headers"
and thus are saved there.
Having multiple transfers in one set of operations (i.e. the URLs in one
--next clause), will append them to the same file, separated by a blank line.
--next clause), appends them to the same file, separated by a blank line.

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@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ Multi: single
---
Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl to wait for a 100-continue
response when curl emits an Expects: 100-continue header in its request. By
default curl will wait one second. This option accepts decimal values! When
curl stops waiting, it will continue as if the response has been received.
default curl waits one second. This option accepts decimal values! When
curl stops waiting, it continues as if the response has been received.
The decimal value needs to provided using a dot (.) as decimal separator - not
the local version even if it might be using another separator.

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@ -11,14 +11,13 @@ Scope: global
---
Fail and exit on the first detected transfer error.
When curl is used to do multiple transfers on the command line, it will
attempt to operate on each given URL, one by one. By default, it will ignore
errors if there are more URLs given and the last URL's success will determine
the error code curl returns. So early failures will be "hidden" by subsequent
successful transfers.
When curl is used to do multiple transfers on the command line, it attempts to
operate on each given URL, one by one. By default, it ignores errors if there
are more URLs given and the last URL's success determines the error code curl
returns. So early failures are "hidden" by subsequent successful transfers.
Using this option, curl will instead return an error on the first transfer
that fails, independent of the amount of URLs that are given on the command
Using this option, curl instead returns an error on the first transfer that
fails, independent of the amount of URLs that are given on the command
line. This way, no transfer failures go undetected by scripts and similar.
This option does not imply --fail, which causes transfers to fail due to the

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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Protocols: HTTP
Help: Fail on HTTP errors but save the body
Category: http output
Added: 7.76.0
See-also: fail
See-also: fail fail-early
Mutexed: fail
Example: --fail-with-body $URL
Multi: boolean
@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ Multi: boolean
Return an error on server errors where the HTTP response code is 400 or
greater). In normal cases when an HTTP server fails to deliver a document, it
returns an HTML document stating so (which often also describes why and
more). This flag will still allow curl to output and save that content but
also to return error 22.
more). This flag allows curl to output and save that content but also to
return error 22.
This is an alternative option to --fail which makes curl fail for the same
circumstances but without saving the content.

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Long: fail
Short: f
Protocols: HTTP
Help: Fail fast with no output on HTTP errors
See-also: fail-with-body
See-also: fail-with-body fail-early
Category: important http
Example: --fail $URL
Mutexed: fail-with-body
@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Multi: boolean
Fail fast with no output at all on server errors. This is useful to enable
scripts and users to better deal with failed attempts. In normal cases when an
HTTP server fails to deliver a document, it returns an HTML document stating
so (which often also describes why and more). This flag will prevent curl from
so (which often also describes why and more). This flag prevents curl from
outputting that and return error 22.
This method is not fail-safe and there are occasions where non-successful
response codes will slip through, especially when authentication is involved
response codes slip through, especially when authentication is involved
(response codes 401 and 407).

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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ See-also: tcp-fastopen
Multi: boolean
---
Tells curl to use false start during the TLS handshake. False start is a mode
where a TLS client will start sending application data before verifying the
where a TLS client starts sending application data before verifying the
server's Finished message, thus saving a round trip when performing a full
handshake.

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@ -29,14 +29,13 @@ file.
Tell curl to read content from stdin instead of a file by using - as
filename. This goes for both @ and < constructs. When stdin is used, the
contents is buffered in memory first by curl to determine its size and allow a
possible resend. Defining a part's data from a named non-regular file (such
as a named pipe or similar) is unfortunately not subject to buffering and will
be effectively read at transmission time; since the full size is unknown
before the transfer starts, such data is sent as chunks by HTTP and rejected
by IMAP.
possible resend. Defining a part's data from a named non-regular file (such as
a named pipe or similar) is not subject to buffering and is instead read at
transmission time; since the full size is unknown before the transfer starts,
such data is sent as chunks by HTTP and rejected by IMAP.
Example: send an image to an HTTP server, where 'profile' is the name of the
form-field to which the file **portrait.jpg** will be the input:
form-field to which the file **portrait.jpg** is the input:
curl -F profile=@portrait.jpg https://example.com/upload.cgi

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@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ Multi: single
---
If authenticating with the USER and PASS commands fails, send this command.
When connecting to Tumbleweed's Secure Transport server over FTPS using a
client certificate, using "SITE AUTH" will tell the server to retrieve the
client certificate, using "SITE AUTH" tells the server to retrieve the
username from the certificate.

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@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ Multi: boolean
---
When an FTP or SFTP URL/operation uses a path that does not currently exist on
the server, the standard behavior of curl is to fail. Using this option, curl
will instead attempt to create missing directories.
instead attempts to create missing directories.

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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ curl does a single CWD operation for each path part in the given URL. For deep
hierarchies this means many commands. This is how RFC 1738 says it should
be done. This is the default but the slowest behavior.
.IP nocwd
curl does no CWD at all. curl will do SIZE, RETR, STOR etc and give a full
curl does no CWD at all. curl does SIZE, RETR, STOR etc and give a full
path to the server for all these commands. This is the fastest behavior.
.IP singlecwd
curl does one CWD with the full target directory and then operates on the file

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@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ option.
Reversing an enforced passive really is not doable but you must then instead
enforce the correct --ftp-port again.
Passive mode means that curl will try the EPSV command first and then PASV,
Passive mode means that curl tries the EPSV command first and then PASV,
unless --disable-epsv is used.

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@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ Example: --ftp-skip-pasv-ip ftp://example.com/
Multi: boolean
---
Tell curl to not use the IP address the server suggests in its response to
curl's PASV command when curl connects the data connection. Instead curl will
reuse the same IP address it already uses for the control connection.
curl's PASV command when curl connects the data connection. Instead curl
reuses the same IP address it already uses for the control connection.
This option is enabled by default (added in 7.74.0).

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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Category: ftp tls
Example: --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode active --ftp-ssl-ccc ftps://example.com/
Multi: boolean
---
Sets the CCC mode. The passive mode will not initiate the shutdown, but
instead wait for the server to do it, and will not reply to the shutdown from
Sets the CCC mode. The passive mode does not initiate the shutdown, but
instead waits for the server to do it, and does not reply to the shutdown from
the server. The active mode initiates the shutdown and waits for a reply from
the server.

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@ -10,6 +10,6 @@ Example: --ftp-ssl-ccc ftps://example.com/
Multi: boolean
---
Use CCC (Clear Command Channel) Shuts down the SSL/TLS layer after
authenticating. The rest of the control channel communication will be
authenticating. The rest of the control channel communication is be
unencrypted. This allows NAT routers to follow the FTP transaction. The
default mode is passive.

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@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ sub single {
my @extra;
if($multi eq "single") {
push @extra, "\nIf --$long is provided several times, the last set ".
"value will be used.\n";
"value is used.\n";
}
elsif($multi eq "append") {
push @extra, "\n--$long can be used several times in a command line\n";

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@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ Added: 7.8.1
See-also: data request
Multi: boolean
---
When used, this option will make all data specified with --data, --data-binary
When used, this option makes all data specified with --data, --data-binary
or --data-urlencode to be used in an HTTP GET request instead of the POST
request that otherwise would be used. The data will be appended to the URL
request that otherwise would be used. The data is appended to the URL
with a '?' separator.
If used in combination with --head, the POST data will instead be appended to
the URL with a HEAD request.
If used in combination with --head, the POST data is instead appended to the
URL with a HEAD request.

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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ digits (upper or lower case) delimited by colons between each other, with the
acceptance of one double colon sequence to replace the largest acceptable range
of consecutive zeroes. The total number of decoded bits must exactly be 128.
Otherwise, any string can be accepted for the client IP and will be sent.
Otherwise, any string can be accepted for the client IP and get sent.
It replaces --haproxy-protocol if used, it is not necessary to specify both flags.

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@ -23,22 +23,22 @@ global level. It does not affect raw uploaded mails (Added in 7.56.0).
You may specify any number of extra headers. Note that if you should add a
custom header that has the same name as one of the internal ones curl would
use, your externally set header will be used instead of the internal one.
This allows you to make even trickier stuff than curl would normally do. You
should not replace internally set headers without knowing perfectly well what
you are doing. Remove an internal header by giving a replacement without
content on the right side of the colon, as in: -H "Host:". If you send the
custom header with no-value then its header must be terminated with a
semicolon, such as \-H "X-Custom-Header;" to send "X-Custom-Header:".
use, your externally set header is used instead of the internal one. This
allows you to make even trickier stuff than curl would normally do. You should
not replace internally set headers without knowing perfectly well what you are
doing. Remove an internal header by giving a replacement without content on
the right side of the colon, as in: -H "Host:". If you send the custom header
with no-value then its header must be terminated with a semicolon, such as \-H
"X-Custom-Header;" to send "X-Custom-Header:".
curl will make sure that each header you add/replace is sent with the proper
curl makes sure that each header you add/replace is sent with the proper
end-of-line marker, you should thus **not** add that as a part of the header
content: do not add newlines or carriage returns, they will only mess things
up for you.
content: do not add newlines or carriage returns, they only mess things up for
you.
This option can take an argument in @filename style, which then adds a header
for each line in the input file. Using @- will make curl read the header file
from stdin. Added in 7.55.0.
for each line in the input file. Using @- makes curl read the header file from
stdin. Added in 7.55.0.
Please note that most anti-spam utilities check the presence and value of
several MIME mail headers: these are "From:", "To:", "Date:" and "Subject:"
@ -48,10 +48,9 @@ You need --proxy-header to send custom headers intended for an HTTP
proxy. Added in 7.37.0.
Passing on a "Transfer-Encoding: chunked" header when doing an HTTP request
with a request body, will make curl send the data using chunked encoding.
with a request body, makes curl send the data using chunked encoding.
**WARNING**: headers set with this option will be set in all HTTP requests
- even after redirects are followed, like when told with --location. This can
lead to the header being sent to other hosts than the original host, so
sensitive headers should be used with caution combined with following
redirects.
**WARNING**: headers set with this option are set in all HTTP requests - even
after redirects are followed, like when told with --location. This can lead to
the header being sent to other hosts than the original host, so sensitive
headers should be used with caution combined with following redirects.

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@ -11,5 +11,5 @@ See-also: hostpubsha256
Multi: single
---
Pass a string containing 32 hexadecimal digits. The string should
be the 128 bit MD5 checksum of the remote host's public key, curl will refuse
be the 128 bit MD5 checksum of the remote host's public key, curl refuses
the connection with the host unless the md5sums match.

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@ -10,9 +10,8 @@ Example: --hostpubsha256 NDVkMTQxMGQ1ODdmMjQ3MjczYjAyOTY5MmRkMjVmNDQ= sftp://exa
See-also: hostpubmd5
Multi: single
---
Pass a string containing a Base64-encoded SHA256 hash of the remote
host's public key. Curl will refuse the connection with the host
unless the hashes match.
Pass a string containing a Base64-encoded SHA256 hash of the remote host's
public key. Curl refuses the connection with the host unless the hashes match.
This feature requires libcurl to be built with libssh2 and does not work with
other SSH backends.

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@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ See-also: proto
Multi: append
---
This option enables HSTS for the transfer. If the file name points to an
existing HSTS cache file, that will be used. After a completed transfer, the
cache will be saved to the file name again if it has been modified.
existing HSTS cache file, that is used. After a completed transfer, the
cache is saved to the file name again if it has been modified.
If curl is told to use HTTP:// for a transfer involving a host name that
exists in the HSTS cache, it upgrades the transfer to use HTTPS. Each HSTS
@ -22,5 +22,5 @@ performed.
Specify a "" file name (zero length) to avoid loading/saving and make curl
just handle HSTS in memory.
If this option is used several times, curl will load contents from all the
files but the last one will be used for saving.
If this option is used several times, curl loads contents from all the
files but the last one is used for saving.

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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Multi: boolean
Tells curl to be fine with HTTP version 0.9 response.
HTTP/0.9 is a response without headers and therefore you can also connect with
this to non-HTTP servers and still get a response since curl will simply
transparently downgrade - if allowed.
this to non-HTTP servers and still get a response since curl simply
transparently downgrades - if allowed.
HTTP/0.9 is disabled by default (added in 7.66.0)

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@ -14,5 +14,5 @@ Multi: boolean
---
Tells curl to issue its non-TLS HTTP requests using HTTP/2 without HTTP/1.1
Upgrade. It requires prior knowledge that the server supports HTTP/2 straight
away. HTTPS requests will still do HTTP/2 the standard way with negotiated
protocol version in the TLS handshake.
away. HTTPS requests still do HTTP/2 the standard way with negotiated protocol
version in the TLS handshake.

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@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ Multi: mutex
---
Tells curl to use HTTP version 2.
For HTTPS, this means curl will attempt to negotiate HTTP/2 in the TLS
handshake. curl does this by default.
For HTTPS, this means curl negotiates HTTP/2 in the TLS handshake. curl does
this by default.
For HTTP, this means curl will attempt to upgrade the request to HTTP/2 using
the Upgrade: request header.
For HTTP, this means curl attempts to upgrade the request to HTTP/2 using the
Upgrade: request header.
When curl uses HTTP/2 over HTTPS, it does not itself insist on TLS 1.2 or
higher even though that is required by the specification. A user can add this

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@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ Experimental: yes
---
Instructs curl to use HTTP/3 to the host in the URL, with no fallback to
earlier HTTP versions. HTTP/3 can only be used for HTTPS and not for HTTP
URLs. For HTTP, this option will trigger an error.
URLs. For HTTP, this option triggers an error.
This option allows a user to avoid using the Alt-Svc method of upgrading to
HTTP/3 when you know that the target speaks HTTP/3 on the given host and port.
This option will make curl fail if a QUIC connection cannot be established, it
will not attempt any other HTTP version on its own. Use --http3 for similar
This option makes curl fail if a QUIC connection cannot be established, it
does not attempt any other HTTP versions on its own. Use --http3 for similar
functionality *with* a fallback.

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@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ available for HTTPS and not for HTTP URLs.
This option allows a user to avoid using the Alt-Svc method of upgrading to
HTTP/3 when you know that the target speaks HTTP/3 on the given host and port.
When asked to use HTTP/3, curl will issue a separate attempt to use older HTTP
When asked to use HTTP/3, curl issues a separate attempt to use older HTTP
versions with a slight delay, so if the HTTP/3 transfer fails or is slow, curl
will still try to proceed with an older HTTP version.
still tries to proceed with an older HTTP version.
Use --http3-only for similar functionality *without* a fallback.

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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ See-also: ftp-skip-pasv-ip
Multi: boolean
---
For HTTP, Ignore the Content-Length header. This is particularly useful for
servers running Apache 1.x, which will report incorrect Content-Length for
servers running Apache 1.x, which reports incorrect Content-Length for
files larger than 2 gigabytes.
For FTP, this makes curl skip the SIZE command to figure out the size before

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@ -30,6 +30,6 @@ from stdin. Posting data from a file named 'foobar' would thus be done with
--json @foobar and to instead read the data from stdin, use --json @-.
If this option is used more than once on the same command line, the additional
data pieces will be concatenated to the previous before sending.
data pieces are concatenated to the previous before sending.
The headers this option sets can be overridden with --header as usual.

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@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ Example: --junk-session-cookies -b cookies.txt $URL
Added: 7.9.7
Multi: boolean
---
When curl is told to read cookies from a given file, this option will make it
discard all "session cookies". This will basically have the same effect as if
a new session is started. Typical browsers always discard session cookies when
they are closed down.
When curl is told to read cookies from a given file, this option makes it
discard all "session cookies". This has the same effect as if a new session is
started. Typical browsers discard session cookies when they are closed down.

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@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ file. For SSH, if not specified, curl tries the following candidates in order:
'~/.ssh/id_rsa', '~/.ssh/id_dsa', './id_rsa', './id_dsa'.
If curl is built against OpenSSL library, and the engine pkcs11 is available,
then a PKCS#11 URI (RFC 7512) can be used to specify a private key located in a
PKCS#11 device. A string beginning with "pkcs11:" will be interpreted as a
PKCS#11 URI. If a PKCS#11 URI is provided, then the --engine option will be set
as "pkcs11" if none was provided and the --key-type option will be set as
"ENG" if none was provided.
then a PKCS#11 URI (RFC 7512) can be used to specify a private key located in
a PKCS#11 device. A string beginning with "pkcs11:" is interpreted as a
PKCS#11 URI. If a PKCS#11 URI is provided, then the --engine option is set as
"pkcs11" if none was provided and the --key-type option is set as "ENG" if
none was provided.
If curl is built against Secure Transport or Schannel then this option is
ignored for TLS protocols (HTTPS, etc). Those backends expect the private key

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@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ Multi: single
---
Enable Kerberos authentication and use. The level must be entered and should
be one of 'clear', 'safe', 'confidential', or 'private'. Should you use a
level that is not one of these, 'private' will instead be used.
level that is not one of these, 'private' is used.

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@ -10,6 +10,6 @@ See-also: verbose
Multi: single
Scope: global
---
Append this option to any ordinary curl command line, and you will get
libcurl-using C source code written to the file that does the equivalent
of what your command-line operation does!
Append this option to any ordinary curl command line, and you get
libcurl-using C source code written to the file that does the equivalent of
what your command-line operation does!

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@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ your transfer not to use your entire bandwidth. To make it slower than it
otherwise would be.
The given speed is measured in bytes/second, unless a suffix is appended.
Appending 'k' or 'K' will count the number as kilobytes, 'm' or 'M' makes it
Appending 'k' or 'K' counts the number as kilobytes, 'm' or 'M' makes it
megabytes, while 'g' or 'G' makes it gigabytes. The suffixes (k, M, G, T, P)
are 1024 based. For example 1k is 1024. Examples: 200K, 3m and 1G.
The rate limiting logic works on averaging the transfer speed to no more than
the set threshold over a period of multiple seconds.
If you also use the --speed-limit option, that option will take precedence and
If you also use the --speed-limit option, that option takes precedence and
might cripple the rate-limiting slightly, to help keeping the speed-limit
logic working.

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@ -11,5 +11,5 @@ Multi: single
---
Set a preferred single number or range (FROM-TO) of local port numbers to use
for the connection(s). Note that port numbers by nature are a scarce resource
that will be busy at times so setting this range to something too narrow might
cause unnecessary connection setup failures.
so setting this range to something too narrow might cause unnecessary
connection setup failures.

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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Example: --location-trusted -u user:password $URL
Added: 7.10.4
Multi: boolean
---
Like --location, but will allow sending the name + password to all hosts that
the site may redirect to. This may or may not introduce a security breach if
the site redirects you to a site to which you will send your authentication
info (which is plaintext in the case of HTTP Basic authentication).
Like --location, but allows sending the name + password to all hosts that the
site may redirect to. This may or may not introduce a security breach if the
site redirects you to a site to which you send your authentication info
(which is plaintext in the case of HTTP Basic authentication).

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@ -12,18 +12,19 @@ Multi: boolean
---
If the server reports that the requested page has moved to a different
location (indicated with a Location: header and a 3XX response code), this
option will make curl redo the request on the new place. If used together with
--include or --head, headers from all requested pages will be shown. When
authentication is used, curl only sends its credentials to the initial
host. If a redirect takes curl to a different host, it will not be able to
intercept the user+password. See also --location-trusted on how to change
this. You can limit the amount of redirects to follow by using the
--max-redirs option.
option makes curl redo the request on the new place. If used together with
--include or --head, headers from all requested pages are shown.
When curl follows a redirect and if the request is a POST, it will send the
When authentication is used, curl only sends its credentials to the initial
host. If a redirect takes curl to a different host, it does not get the
user+password pass on. See also --location-trusted on how to change this.
Limit the amount of redirects to follow by using the --max-redirs option.
When curl follows a redirect and if the request is a POST, it sends the
following request with a GET if the HTTP response was 301, 302, or 303. If the
response code was any other 3xx code, curl will re-send the following request
using the same unmodified method.
response code was any other 3xx code, curl resends the following request using
the same unmodified method.
You can tell curl to not change POST requests to GET after a 30x response by
using the dedicated options for that: --post301, --post302 and --post303.

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@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ RFC 5092 and the IETF draft
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-earhart-url-smtp-00.
Since 8.2.0, IMAP supports the login option "AUTH=+LOGIN". With this option,
curl uses the plain (not SASL) LOGIN IMAP command even if the server advertises
SASL authentication. Care should be taken in using this option, as it will send
out your password in plain text. This will not work if the IMAP server disables
the plain LOGIN (e.g. to prevent password snooping).
curl uses the plain (not SASL) LOGIN IMAP command even if the server
advertises SASL authentication. Care should be taken in using this option, as
it sends your password over the network in plain text. This does not work if
the IMAP server disables the plain LOGIN (e.g. to prevent password snooping).

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@ -10,6 +10,5 @@ Category: smtp
Example: --mail-auth user@example.come -T mail smtp://example.com/
Multi: single
---
Specify a single address. This will be used to specify the authentication
address (identity) of a submitted message that is being relayed to another
server.
Specify a single address. This is used to specify the authentication address
(identity) of a submitted message that is being relayed to another server.

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@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ Example: --mail-rcpt-allowfails --mail-rcpt dest@example.com smtp://example.com
See-also: mail-rcpt
Multi: boolean
---
When sending data to multiple recipients, by default curl will abort SMTP
When sending data to multiple recipients, by default curl aborts SMTP
conversation if at least one of the recipients causes RCPT TO command to
return an error.
The default behavior can be changed by passing --mail-rcpt-allowfails
command-line option which will make curl ignore errors and proceed with the
command-line option which makes curl ignore errors and proceed with the
remaining valid recipients.
If all recipients trigger RCPT TO failures and this flag is specified, curl
will still abort the SMTP conversation and return the error received from to
the last RCPT TO command.
still aborts the SMTP conversation and returns the error received from to the
last RCPT TO command.

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@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ Added: 7.10.8
Multi: single
---
Specify the maximum size (in bytes) of a file to download. If the file
requested is larger than this value, the transfer will not start and curl will
return with exit code 63.
requested is larger than this value, the transfer does not start and curl
returns with exit code 63.
A size modifier may be used. For example, Appending 'k' or 'K' will count the
A size modifier may be used. For example, Appending 'k' or 'K' counts the
number as kilobytes, 'm' or 'M' makes it megabytes, while 'g' or 'G' makes it
gigabytes. Examples: 200K, 3m and 1G. (Added in 7.58.0)

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@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ This option is similar to --netrc, except that you provide the path (absolute
or relative) to the netrc file that curl should use. You can only specify one
netrc file per invocation.
It will abide by --netrc-optional if specified.
It abides by --netrc-optional if specified.

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@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ Multi: boolean
---
Makes curl scan the *.netrc* (*_netrc* on Windows) file in the user's home
directory for login name and password. This is typically used for FTP on
Unix. If used with HTTP, curl will enable user authentication. See
*netrc(5)* and *ftp(1)* for details on the file format. Curl will not
complain if that file does not have the right permissions (it should be
neither world- nor group-readable). The environment variable "HOME" is used
to find the home directory.
Unix. If used with HTTP, curl enables user authentication. See *netrc(5)* and
*ftp(1)* for details on the file format. Curl does not complain if that file
does not have the right permissions (it should be neither world- nor
group-readable). The environment variable "HOME" is used to find the home
directory.
A quick and simple example of how to setup a *.netrc* to allow curl to FTP to
the machine host.domain.com with user name 'myself' and password 'secret'

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@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ options. This allows you to send several URL requests, each with their own
specific options, for example, such as different user names or custom requests
for each.
--next will reset all local options and only global ones will have their
values survive over to the operation following the --next instruction. Global
options include --verbose, --trace, --trace-ascii and --fail-early.
--next resets all local options and only global ones have their values survive
over to the operation following the --next instruction. Global options include
--verbose, --trace, --trace-ascii and --fail-early.
For example, you can do both a GET and a POST in a single command line:

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@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ See-also: progress-bar
Multi: boolean
---
Disables the buffering of the output stream. In normal work situations, curl
will use a standard buffered output stream that will have the effect that it
will output the data in chunks, not necessarily exactly when the data arrives.
Using this option will disable that buffering.
uses a standard buffered output stream that has the effect that it outputs the
data in chunks, not necessarily exactly when the data arrives. Using this
option disables that buffering.
Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can use --buffer to
enable buffering again.

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@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ Multi: boolean
---
When used in conjunction with the --output, --remote-header-name,
--remote-name, or --remote-name-all options, curl avoids overwriting files
that already exist. Instead, a dot and a number gets appended to the name
of the file that would be created, up to filename.100 after which it will not
that already exist. Instead, a dot and a number gets appended to the name of
the file that would be created, up to filename.100 after which it does not
create any file.
Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can thus use

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@ -15,5 +15,5 @@ This option specifies the directory in which files should be stored, when
The given output directory is used for all URLs and output options on the
command line, up until the first --next.
If the specified target directory does not exist, the operation will fail
unless --create-dirs is also used.
If the specified target directory does not exist, the operation fails unless
--create-dirs is also used.

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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Multi: append
---
Write output to <file> instead of stdout. If you are using {} or [] to fetch
multiple documents, you should quote the URL and you can use '#' followed by a
number in the <file> specifier. That variable will be replaced with the current
number in the <file> specifier. That variable is replaced with the current
string for the URL being fetched. Like in:
curl "http://{one,two}.example.com" -o "file_#1.txt"
@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ written as
curl example.com example.net -o aa -o bb
See also the --create-dirs option to create the local directories
dynamically. Specifying the output as '-' (a single dash) will force the
output to be done to stdout.
dynamically. Specifying the output as '-' (a single dash) passes the output to
stdout.
To suppress response bodies, you can redirect output to /dev/null:

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@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ addresses starting with "192.168".
On Windows, this variable is used when trying to find the home directory. If
the primary home variable are all unset.
.IP "COLUMNS <terminal width>"
If set, the specified number of characters will be used as the terminal width
when the alternative progress-bar is shown. If not set, curl will try to
figure it out using other ways.
If set, the specified number of characters is used as the terminal width when
the alternative progress-bar is shown. If not set, curl tries to figure it out
using other ways.
.IP "CURL_CA_BUNDLE <file>"
If set, will be used as the --cacert value.
If set, it is used as the --cacert value.
.IP "CURL_HOME <dir>"
If set, is the first variable curl checks when trying to find its home
directory. If not set, it continues to check *XDG_CONFIG_HOME*
@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ directory. If not set, it continues to check *XDG_CONFIG_HOME*
If curl was built with support for "MultiSSL", meaning that it has built-in
support for more than one TLS backend, this environment variable can be set to
the case insensitive name of the particular backend to use when curl is
invoked. Setting a name that is not a built-in alternative will make curl
stay with the default.
invoked. Setting a name that is not a built-in alternative makes curl stay
with the default.
SSL backend names (case-insensitive): **bearssl**, **gnutls**, **mbedtls**,
**openssl**, **rustls**, **schannel**, **secure-transport**, **wolfssl**
@ -68,24 +68,24 @@ looking for the default .curlrc. *CURL_HOME* and *XDG_CONFIG_HOME*
have preference.
.IP "QLOGDIR <directory name>"
If curl was built with HTTP/3 support, setting this environment variable to a
local directory will make curl produce **qlogs** in that directory, using file
local directory makes curl produce **qlogs** in that directory, using file
names named after the destination connection id (in hex). Do note that these
files can become rather large. Works with the ngtcp2 and quiche QUIC backends.
.IP SHELL
Used on VMS when trying to detect if using a **DCL** or a **unix** shell.
.IP "SSL_CERT_DIR <dir>"
If set, will be used as the --capath value.
If set, it is used as the --capath value.
.IP "SSL_CERT_FILE <path>"
If set, will be used as the --cacert value.
If set, it is used as the --cacert value.
.IP "SSLKEYLOGFILE <file name>"
If you set this environment variable to a file name, curl will store TLS
secrets from its connections in that file when invoked to enable you to
analyze the TLS traffic in real time using network analyzing tools such as
Wireshark. This works with the following TLS backends: OpenSSL, libressl,
BoringSSL, GnuTLS and wolfSSL.
If you set this environment variable to a file name, curl stores TLS secrets
from its connections in that file when invoked to enable you to analyze the
TLS traffic in real time using network analyzing tools such as Wireshark. This
works with the following TLS backends: OpenSSL, libressl, BoringSSL, GnuTLS
and wolfSSL.
.IP "USERPROFILE <dir>"
On Windows, this variable is used when trying to find the home directory. If
the other, primary, variable are all unset. If set, curl will use the path
the other, primary, variable are all unset. If set, curl uses the path
**"$USERPROFILE\\Application Data"**.
.IP "XDG_CONFIG_HOME <dir>"
If *CURL_HOME* is not set, this variable is checked when looking for a
@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ default .curlrc file.
The proxy string may be specified with a protocol:// prefix to specify
alternative proxy protocols. (Added in 7.21.7)
If no protocol is specified in the proxy string or if the string does not match
a supported one, the proxy will be treated as an HTTP proxy.
If no protocol is specified in the proxy string or if the string does not
match a supported one, the proxy is treated as an HTTP proxy.
The supported proxy protocol prefixes are as follows:
.IP "http://"
@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ Unable to parse FTP file list.
.IP 88
FTP chunk callback reported error.
.IP 89
No connection available, the session will be queued.
No connection available, the session is queued.
.IP 90
SSL public key does not matched pinned public key.
.IP 91
@ -307,8 +307,8 @@ A client-side certificate is required to complete the TLS handshake.
.IP 99
Poll or select returned fatal error.
.IP XX
More error codes will appear here in future releases. The existing ones
are meant to never change.
More error codes might appear here in future releases. The existing ones are
meant to never change.
.SH BUGS
If you experience any problems with curl, submit an issue in the project's bug
tracker on GitHub: https://github.com/curl/curl/issues

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@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ what protocol you want. It then defaults to HTTP but assumes others based on
often-used host name prefixes. For example, for host names starting with
"ftp." curl assumes you want FTP.
You can specify any amount of URLs on the command line. They will be fetched
in a sequential manner in the specified order unless you use --parallel. You
can specify command line options and URLs mixed and in any order on the
command line.
You can specify any amount of URLs on the command line. They are fetched in a
sequential manner in the specified order unless you use --parallel. You can
specify command line options and URLs mixed and in any order on the command
line.
curl attempts to reuse connections when doing multiple transfers, so that
getting many files from the same server do not use multiple connects and setup
@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ white space with *trim*, it can output the contents as a JSON quoted string
with *json*, URL encode the string with *url* or base64 encode it with
*b64*. You apply function to a variable expansion, add them colon separated to
the right side of the variable. Variable content holding null bytes that are
not encoded when expanded, will cause error.
not encoded when expanded cause error.
Example: get the contents of a file called $HOME/.secret into a variable
called "fix". Make sure that the content is trimmed and percent-encoded sent
@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ Lets you lookup words using online dictionaries.
.IP FILE
Read or write local files. curl does not support accessing file:// URL
remotely, but when running on Microsoft Windows using the native UNC approach
will work.
works.
.IP FTP(S)
curl supports the File Transfer Protocol with a lot of tweaks and levers. With
or without using TLS.
@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ prefix it with "no-". However, in this list we mostly only list and show the
When --next is used, it resets the parser state and you start again with a
clean option state, except for the options that are "global". Global options
will retain their values and meaning even after --next.
retain their values and meaning even after --next.
The following options are global:
%GLOBALS.

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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Example: --parallel-immediate -Z $URL -o file1 $URL -o file2
Multi: boolean
Scope: global
---
When doing parallel transfers, this option will instruct curl that it should
When doing parallel transfers, this option instructs curl that it should
rather prefer opening up more connections in parallel at once rather than
waiting to see if new transfers can be added as multiplexed streams on another
connection.

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@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ See-also: request-target
Multi: boolean
---
Tell curl to not handle sequences of /../ or /./ in the given URL
path. Normally curl will squash or merge them according to standards but with
path. Normally curl squashes or merges them according to standards but with
this option set you tell it not to do that.

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@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ or DER format, or any number of base64 encoded sha256 hashes preceded by
When negotiating a TLS or SSL connection, the server sends a certificate
indicating its identity. A public key is extracted from this certificate and
if it does not exactly match the public key provided to this option, curl will
abort the connection before sending or receiving any data.
if it does not exactly match the public key provided to this option, curl
aborts the connection before sending or receiving any data.
PEM/DER support:

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@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy. Hence pre proxy.
The pre proxy string should be specified with a protocol:// prefix to specify
alternative proxy protocols. Use socks4://, socks4a://, socks5:// or
socks5h:// to request the specific SOCKS version to be used. No protocol
specified will make curl default to SOCKS4.
specified makes curl default to SOCKS4.
If the port number is not specified in the proxy string, it is assumed to be
1080.

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@ -15,6 +15,6 @@ standard, more informational, meter.
This progress bar draws a single line of '#' characters across the screen and
shows a percentage if the transfer size is known. For transfers without a
known size, there will be space ship (-=o=-) that moves back and forth but
only while data is being transferred, with a set of flying hash sign symbols on
known size, there is a space ship (-=o=-) that moves back and forth but only
while data is being transferred, with a set of flying hash sign symbols on
top.

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@ -17,6 +17,6 @@ Example, allow only HTTP and HTTPS on redirect:
curl --proto-redir -all,http,https http://example.com
By default curl will only allow HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS on redirect
(added in 7.65.2). Specifying *all* or *+all* enables all protocols on
redirects, which is not good for security.
By default curl only allows HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS on redirects (added in
7.65.2). Specifying *all* or *+all* enables all protocols on redirects, which
is not good for security.

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@ -10,10 +10,12 @@ Added: 8.2.0
Multi: boolean
---
Tells curl to use the CA store from the native operating system to verify the
HTTPS proxy. By default, curl will otherwise use a CA store provided in a
single file or directory, but when using this option it will interface the
operating system's own vault.
HTTPS proxy. By default, curl uses a CA store provided in a single file or
directory, but when using this option it interfaces the operating system's own
vault.
This option only works for curl on Windows when built to use OpenSSL. When
curl on Windows is built to use Schannel, this feature is implied and curl
then only uses the native CA store.
curl built with wolfSSL also supports this option (added in 8.3.0).

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@ -17,16 +17,16 @@ specify any number of extra headers. This is the equivalent option to --header
but is for proxy communication only like in CONNECT requests when you want a
separate header sent to the proxy to what is sent to the actual remote host.
curl will make sure that each header you add/replace is sent with the proper
curl makes sure that each header you add/replace is sent with the proper
end-of-line marker, you should thus **not** add that as a part of the header
content: do not add newlines or carriage returns, they will only mess things
up for you.
content: do not add newlines or carriage returns, they only mess things up for
you.
Headers specified with this option will not be included in requests that curl
knows will not be sent to a proxy.
Headers specified with this option are not included in requests that curl
knows are not be sent to a proxy.
This option can take an argument in @filename style, which then adds a header
for each line in the input file (added in 7.55.0). Using @- will make curl
read the header file from stdin.
for each line in the input file (added in 7.55.0). Using @- makes curl read
the headers from stdin.
This option can be used multiple times to add/replace/remove multiple headers.

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@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ Example: --proxy-http2 -x proxy $URL
Multi: boolean
---
Tells curl to try negotiate HTTP version 2 with an HTTPS proxy. The proxy might
still only offer HTTP/1 and then curl will stick to using that version.
still only offer HTTP/1 and then curl sticks to using that version.
This has no effect for any other kinds of proxies.

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@ -18,5 +18,5 @@ or DER format, or any number of base64 encoded sha256 hashes preceded by
When negotiating a TLS or SSL connection, the server sends a certificate
indicating its identity. A public key is extracted from this certificate and
if it does not exactly match the public key provided to this option, curl will
abort the connection before sending or receiving any data.
if it does not exactly match the public key provided to this option, curl
aborts the connection before sending or receiving any data.

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@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ If you use a Windows SSPI-enabled curl binary and do either Negotiate or NTLM
authentication then you can tell curl to select the user name and password
from your environment by specifying a single colon with this option: "-U :".
On systems where it works, curl will hide the given option argument from
process listings. This is not enough to protect credentials from possibly
getting seen by other users on the same system as they will still be visible
for a moment before cleared. Such sensitive data should be retrieved from a
file instead or similar and never used in clear text in a command line.
On systems where it works, curl hides the given option argument from process
listings. This is not enough to protect credentials from possibly getting seen
by other users on the same system as they still are visible for a moment
before cleared. Such sensitive data should be retrieved from a file instead or
similar and never used in clear text in a command line.

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@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ Multi: single
Use the specified proxy.
The proxy string can be specified with a protocol:// prefix. No protocol
specified or http:// will be treated as HTTP proxy. Use socks4://, socks4a://,
socks5:// or socks5h:// to request a specific SOCKS version to be used.
(Added in 7.21.7)
specified or http:// it is treated as an HTTP proxy. Use socks4://,
socks4a://, socks5:// or socks5h:// to request a specific SOCKS version to be
used. (Added in 7.21.7)
Unix domain sockets are supported for socks proxy. Set localhost for the host
part. e.g. socks5h://localhost/path/to/socket.sock
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ This option overrides existing environment variables that set the proxy to
use. If there is an environment variable setting a proxy, you can set proxy to
"" to override it.
All operations that are performed over an HTTP proxy will transparently be
All operations that are performed over an HTTP proxy are transparently
converted to HTTP. It means that certain protocol specific operations might
not be available. This is not the case if you can tunnel through the proxy, as
one with the --proxytunnel option.

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@ -13,5 +13,5 @@ Use the specified HTTP 1.0 proxy. If the port number is not specified, it is
assumed at port 1080.
The only difference between this and the HTTP proxy option --proxy, is that
attempts to use CONNECT through the proxy will specify an HTTP 1.0 protocol
attempts to use CONNECT through the proxy specifies an HTTP 1.0 protocol
instead of the default HTTP 1.1.

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@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ Example: --proxytunnel -x http://proxy $URL
Added: 7.3
Multi: boolean
---
When an HTTP proxy is used --proxy, this option will make curl tunnel through
the proxy. The tunnel approach is made with the HTTP proxy CONNECT request and
requires that the proxy allows direct connect to the remote port number curl
wants to tunnel through to.
When an HTTP proxy is used --proxy, this option makes curl tunnel the traffic
through the proxy. The tunnel approach is made with the HTTP proxy CONNECT
request and requires that the proxy allows direct connect to the remote port
number curl wants to tunnel through to.
To suppress proxy CONNECT response headers when curl is set to output headers
use --suppress-connect-headers.

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@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ directory, just before the file transfer command(s), prefix the command with a
You may specify any number of commands.
By default curl will stop at first failure. To make curl continue even if the
By default curl stops at first failure. To make curl continue even if the
command fails, prefix the command with an asterisk (*). Otherwise, if the
server returns failure for one of the commands, the entire operation will be
server returns failure for one of the commands, the entire operation is
aborted.
You must send syntactically correct FTP commands as RFC 959 defines to FTP

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@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ Multi: single
Deprecated option. This option is ignored (added in 7.84.0). Prior to that it
only had an effect on curl if built to use old versions of OpenSSL.
Specify the path name to file containing what will be considered as random
data. The data may be used to seed the random engine for SSL connections.
Specify the path name to file containing random data. The data may be used to
seed the random engine for SSL connections.

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@ -34,18 +34,16 @@ specifies the first and last byte only(*)(HTTP)
specifies two separate 100-byte ranges(*) (HTTP)
.RE
.IP
(*) = NOTE that this will cause the server to reply with a multipart
response, which will be returned as-is by curl! Parsing or otherwise
transforming this response is the responsibility of the caller.
(*) = NOTE that this causes the server to reply with a multipart response,
which is returned as-is by curl! Parsing or otherwise transforming this
response is the responsibility of the caller.
Only digit characters (0-9) are valid in the 'start' and 'stop' fields of the
'start-stop' range syntax. If a non-digit character is given in the range,
the server's response will be unspecified, depending on the server's
configuration.
'start-stop' range syntax. If a non-digit character is given in the range, the
server's response is unspecified, depending on the server's configuration.
You should also be aware that many HTTP/1.1 servers do not have this feature
enabled, so that when you attempt to get a range, you will instead get the
whole document.
Many HTTP/1.1 servers do not have this feature enabled, so that when you
attempt to get a range, curl instead gets the whole document.
FTP and SFTP range downloads only support the simple 'start-stop' syntax
(optionally with one of the numbers omitted). FTP use depends on the extended

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@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ Scope: global
---
Specify the maximum transfer frequency you allow curl to use - in number of
transfer starts per time unit (sometimes called request rate). Without this
option, curl will start the next transfer as fast as possible.
option, curl starts the next transfer as fast as possible.
If given several URLs and a transfer completes faster than the allowed rate,
curl will wait until the next transfer is started to maintain the requested
curl waits until the next transfer is started to maintain the requested
rate. This option has no effect when --parallel is used.
The request rate is provided as "N/U" where N is an integer number and U is a
@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ time unit. Supported units are 's' (second), 'm' (minute), 'h' (hour) and 'd'
/(day, as in a 24 hour unit). The default time unit, if no "/U" is provided,
is number of transfers per hour.
If curl is told to allow 10 requests per minute, it will not start the next
If curl is told to allow 10 requests per minute, it does not start the next
request until 6 seconds have elapsed since the previous transfer was started.
This function uses millisecond resolution. If the allowed frequency is set
more than 1000 per second, it will instead run unrestricted.
more than 1000 per second, it instead runs unrestricted.
When retrying transfers, enabled with --retry, the separate retry delay logic
is used and not this setting.

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@ -12,16 +12,16 @@ Multi: boolean
---
This option tells the --remote-name option to use the server-specified
Content-Disposition filename instead of extracting a filename from the URL. If
the server-provided file name contains a path, that will be stripped off
before the file name is used.
the server-provided file name contains a path, that is stripped off before the
file name is used.
The file is saved in the current directory, or in the directory specified with
--output-dir.
If the server specifies a file name and a file with that name already exists
in the destination directory, it will not be overwritten and an error will
occur - unless you allow it by using the --clobber option. If the server does
not specify a file name then this option has no effect.
in the destination directory, it is not overwritten and an error occurs -
unless you allow it by using the --clobber option. If the server does not
specify a file name then this option has no effect.
There is no attempt to decode %-sequences (yet) in the provided file name, so
this option may provide you with rather unexpected file names.

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@ -12,17 +12,17 @@ Multi: append
Write output to a local file named like the remote file we get. (Only the file
part of the remote file is used, the path is cut off.)
The file will be saved in the current working directory. If you want the file
saved in a different directory, make sure you change the current working
directory before invoking curl with this option or use --output-dir.
The file is saved in the current working directory. If you want the file saved
in a different directory, make sure you change the current working directory
before invoking curl with this option or use --output-dir.
The remote file name to use for saving is extracted from the given URL,
nothing else, and if it already exists it will be overwritten. If you want the
nothing else, and if it already exists it is overwritten. If you want the
server to be able to choose the file name refer to --remote-header-name which
can be used in addition to this option. If the server chooses a file name and
that name already exists it will not be overwritten.
that name already exists it is not overwritten.
There is no URL decoding done on the file name. If it has %20 or other URL
encoded parts of the name, they will end up as-is as file name.
encoded parts of the name, they end up as-is as file name.
You may use this option as many times as the number of URLs you have.

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@ -9,6 +9,6 @@ Added: 7.9
See-also: remote-name time-cond
Multi: boolean
---
When used, this will make curl attempt to figure out the timestamp of the
remote file, and if that is available make the local file get that same
Makes curl attempt to figure out the timestamp of the remote file that is
getting downloaded, and if that is available make the local file get that same
timestamp.

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@ -15,21 +15,21 @@ Change the method to use when starting the transfer.
.RS
.TP 15
**HTTP**
Specifies a custom request method to use when communicating with the
HTTP server. The specified request method will be used instead of the method
otherwise used (which defaults to *GET*). Read the HTTP 1.1 specification for
details and explanations. Common additional HTTP requests include *PUT* and
*DELETE*, but related technologies like WebDAV offers *PROPFIND*, *COPY*,
*MOVE* and more.
Specifies a custom request method to use when communicating with the HTTP
server. The specified request method is used instead of the method otherwise
used (which defaults to *GET*). Read the HTTP 1.1 specification for details
and explanations. Common additional HTTP requests include *PUT* and *DELETE*,
but related technologies like WebDAV offers *PROPFIND*, *COPY*, *MOVE* and
more.
Normally you do not need this option. All sorts of *GET*, *HEAD*, *POST* and
*PUT* requests are rather invoked by using dedicated command line options.
This option only changes the actual word used in the HTTP request, it does not
alter the way curl behaves. So for example if you want to make a proper HEAD
request, using -X HEAD will not suffice. You need to use the --head option.
request, using -X HEAD does not suffice. You need to use the --head option.
The method string you set with --request will be used for all requests, which
The method string you set with --request is used for all requests, which
if you for example use --location may cause unintended side-effects when curl
does not change request method according to the HTTP 30x response codes - and
similar.

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@ -13,22 +13,22 @@ Provide a custom address for a specific host and port pair. Using this, you
can make the curl requests(s) use a specified address and prevent the
otherwise normally resolved address to be used. Consider it a sort of
/etc/hosts alternative provided on the command line. The port number should be
the number used for the specific protocol the host will be used for. It means
the number used for the specific protocol the host is used for. It means
you need several entries if you want to provide address for the same host but
different ports.
By specifying '*' as host you can tell curl to resolve any host and specific
port pair to the specified address. Wildcard is resolved last so any --resolve
with a specific host and port will be used first.
with a specific host and port is used first.
The provided address set by this option will be used even if --ipv4 or --ipv6
is set to make curl use another IP version.
The provided address set by this option is used even if --ipv4 or --ipv6 is
set to make curl use another IP version.
By prefixing the host with a '+' you can make the entry time out after curl's
default timeout (1 minute). Note that this will only make sense for long
running parallel transfers with a lot of files. In such cases, if this option
is used curl will try to resolve the host as it normally would once the
timeout has expired.
default timeout (1 minute). Note that this only makes sense for long running
parallel transfers with a lot of files. In such cases, if this option is used
curl tries to resolve the host as it normally would once the timeout has
expired.
Support for providing the IP address within [brackets] was added in 7.57.0.

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@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ file, which are not reset. We strongly suggest you do not parse or record
output via redirect in combination with this option, since you may receive
duplicate data.
By default curl will not error on an HTTP response code that indicates an HTTP
error, if the transfer was successful. For example, if a server replies 404
Not Found and the reply is fully received then that is not an error. When
--retry is used then curl will retry on some HTTP response codes that indicate
transient HTTP errors, but that does not include most 4xx response codes such
as 404. If you want to retry on all response codes that indicate HTTP errors
(4xx and 5xx) then combine with --fail.
By default curl does not return error for transfers with an HTTP response code
that indicates an HTTP error, if the transfer was successful. For example, if
a server replies 404 Not Found and the reply is fully received then that is
not an error. When --retry is used then curl retries on some HTTP response
codes that indicate transient HTTP errors, but that does not include most 4xx
response codes such as 404. If you want to retry on all response codes that
indicate HTTP errors (4xx and 5xx) then combine with --fail.

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@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ Multi: single
Make curl sleep this amount of time before each retry when a transfer has
failed with a transient error (it changes the default backoff time algorithm
between retries). This option is only interesting if --retry is also
used. Setting this delay to zero will make curl use the default backoff time.
used. Setting this delay to zero makes curl use the default backoff time.

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@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ Example: --retry-max-time 30 --retry 10 $URL
See-also: retry
Multi: single
---
The retry timer is reset before the first transfer attempt. Retries will be
done as usual (see --retry) as long as the timer has not reached this given
limit. Notice that if the timer has not reached the limit, the request will be
The retry timer is reset before the first transfer attempt. Retries are done
as usual (see --retry) as long as the timer has not reached this given
limit. Notice that if the timer has not reached the limit, the request is
made and while performing, it may take longer than this given time period. To
limit a single request's maximum time, use --max-time. Set this option to
zero to not timeout retries.
limit a single request's maximum time, use --max-time. Set this option to zero
to not timeout retries.

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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Use this authorization identity (**authzid**), during SASL PLAIN
authentication, in addition to the authentication identity (**authcid**) as
specified by --user.
If the option is not specified, the server will derive the **authzid** from
the **authcid**, but if specified, and depending on the server implementation, it
If the option is not specified, the server derives the **authzid** from the
**authcid**, but if specified, and depending on the server implementation, it
may be used to access another user's inbox, that the user has been granted
access to, or a shared mailbox for example.

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