93 строки
4.2 KiB
Plaintext
93 строки
4.2 KiB
Plaintext
Peer SSL Certificate Verification
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=================================
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libcurl performs peer SSL certificate verification by default. This is done by
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installing a default CA cert bundle on 'make install' (or similar), that CA
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bundle package is used by default on operations against SSL servers.
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If you communicate with HTTPS or FTPS servers using certificates that are
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signed by CAs present in the bundle, you can be sure that the remote server
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really is the one it claims to be.
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If the remote server uses a self-signed certificate, if you don't install
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curl's CA cert bundle, if the server uses a certificate signed by a CA that
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isn't included in the bundle or if the remote host is an impostor
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impersonating your favorite site, and you want to transfer files from this
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server, do one of the following:
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1. Tell libcurl to *not* verify the peer. With libcurl you disable with with
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curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);
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With the curl command line tool, you disable this with -k/--insecure.
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2. Get a CA certificate that can verify the remote server and use the proper
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option to point out this CA cert for verification when connecting. For
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libcurl hackers: curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CAPATH, capath);
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With the curl command line tool: --cacert [file]
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3. Add the CA cert for your server to the existing default CA cert bundle.
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The default path of the CA bundle installed with the curl package is:
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/usr/local/share/curl/curl-ca-bundle.crt, which can be changed by running
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configure with the --with-ca-bundle option pointing out the path of your
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choice.
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To do this, you need to get the CA cert for your server in PEM format and
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then append that to your CA cert bundle.
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If you use Internet Explorer, this is one way to get extract the CA cert
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for a particular server:
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o View the certificate by double-clicking the padlock
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o Find out where the CA certificate is kept (Certificate>
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Authority Information Access>URL)
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o Get a copy of the crt file using curl
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o Convert it from crt to PEM using the openssl tool:
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openssl x509 -inform DES -in yourdownloaded.crt \
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-out outcert.pem -text
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o Append the 'outcert.pem' to the CA cert bundle or use it stand-alone
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as described below.
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(Thanks to Frankie V for this description)
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If you use the 'openssl' tool, this is one way to get extract the CA cert
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for a particular server:
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o openssl s_client -connect xxxxx.com:443 |tee logfile
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o type "QUIT", followed by the "ENTER" key
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o The certificate will have "BEGIN CERTIFICATE" and "END CERTIFICATE"
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markers.
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o If you want to see the data in the certificate, you can do: "openssl
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x509 -inform PEM -in certfile -text -out certdata" where certfile is
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the cert you extracted from logfile. Look in certdata.
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o If you want to trust the certificate, you can append it to your
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cert_bundle or use it stand-alone as described. Just remember that the
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security is no better than the way you obtained the certificate.
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(Thanks to Doug Kaufman for this description)
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4. If you're using the curl command line tool, you can specify your own CA
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cert path by setting the environment variable CURL_CA_BUNDLE to the path
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of your choice.
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If you're using the curl command line tool on Windows, curl will search
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for a CA cert file named "curl-ca-bundle.crt" in these directories and in
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this order:
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1. application's directory
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2. current working directory
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3. Windows System directory (e.g. C:\windows\system32)
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4. Windows Directory (e.g. C:\windows)
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5. all directories along %PATH%
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5. Get a better/different/newer CA cert bundle! One option is to extract the
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one a recent Mozilla browser uses, by following the instruction found
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here:
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http://curl.haxx.se/docs/caextract.html
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Neglecting to use one of the above methods when dealing with a server using a
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certificate that isn't signed by one of the certificates in the installed CA
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cert bundle, will cause SSL to report an error ("certificate verify failed")
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during the handshake and SSL will then refuse further communication with that
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server.
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