C++: prototype for off-by-one in array-typed field

cpp/ql/src/experimental/Likely Bugs/ConstantSizeArrayOffByOne.ql

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * @id cpp/constant-size-array-off-by-one
+ * @kind path-problem
+ */
+
+import experimental.semmle.code.cpp.semantic.analysis.RangeAnalysis
+import experimental.semmle.code.cpp.rangeanalysis.Bound
+import experimental.semmle.code.cpp.semantic.SemanticExprSpecific
+import semmle.code.cpp.ir.IR
+import experimental.semmle.code.cpp.ir.dataflow.DataFlow
+
+from
+  FieldAddressInstruction fai, PointerArithmeticInstruction pai, AddressOperand ao, ZeroBound b,
+  int delta, int size
+where
+  size = fai.getField().getUnspecifiedType().(ArrayType).getArraySize() and
+  DataFlow::localInstructionFlow(fai, pai.getLeft()) and
+  DataFlow::localInstructionFlow(pai, ao.getAnyDef()) and
+  semBounded(getSemanticExpr(pai.getRight()), b, delta, true, _) and
+  delta >= size and
+  size != 0 and // sometimes 0 or 1 is used for a variable-size array
+  size != 1
+select pai, "This pointer may have an off-by-" + (delta - size) + "error allowing it to overrun $@",
+  fai.getField(), fai.getField().toString()