docs/data/glossaries/external.yml

- term: '@mention'
  description:
    To notify a person on GitHub by using `@` before their username. Users in an organization on GitHub can also be a part of a team that can be
    mentioned.
- term: access token
  description: >-
    A token that is used in place of a password when performing Git operations
    over HTTPS with Git on the command line or the API. Also called a personal
    access token.
- term: API preview
  description: >-
    A way to try out new APIs and changes to existing API methods before they
    become part of the official GitHub API.
- term: appliance
  description: >-
    A software application combined with just enough operating system (JeOS) to
    run optimally on industry-standard hardware (typically a server) or in a
    virtual machine.
- term: assignee
  description: The user that is assigned to an issue.
- term: authentication code
  description: >-
    A code you'll supply, in addition to your GitHub password, when signing in
    with 2FA via the browser. This code is either generated by an application or delivered to
    your phone via text message. Also called a "2FA authentication code."
- term: base branch
  description:
    The branch into which changes are combined when you merge a pull request.
    When you create a pull request, you can change the base branch from the repository's default branch to another branch if required.
- term: basic authentication
  description: >-
    A method of authentication where the credentials are sent as
    unencrypted text.
- term: bio
  description: >-
    The user-generated description found on a profile:
    [Adding a bio to your profile](/account-and-profile/setting-up-and-managing-your-github-profile/customizing-your-profile/personalizing-your-profile)
- term: billing cycle
  description: The interval of time for your specific billing plan.
- term: billing email
  description: >-
    The organization email address where GitHub sends receipts, credit card or
    PayPal charges, and other billing-related communication.
- term: billing manager
  description: The organization member that manages billing settings for an organization.
- term: billing plan
  description: >-
    Payment plans for users and organizations that include set features for each
    type of plan.
- term: blame
  description: >-
    The "blame" feature in Git describes the last modification to each line of a
    file, which generally displays the revision, author and time. This is
    helpful, for example, in tracking down when a feature was added, or which
    commit led to a particular bug.
- term: block
  description: >-
    To remove a user's ability to collaborate on an organization's repositories.
- term: branch
  description: >-
    A branch is a parallel version of a repository. It is contained within the
    repository, but does not affect the primary or main branch allowing you to
    work freely without disrupting the "live" version. When you've made the
    changes you want to make, you can merge your branch back into the main
    branch to publish your changes.
- term: branch restriction
  description: >-
    A restriction that repository admins can enable so that only certain users
    or teams can push or make certain changes to the branch.
- term: Business plan
  description: >-
    An organization billing plan where you can collaborate on unlimited public
    and private repositories, allow or require organization members to
    authenticate to GitHub using SAML SSO, and provision and deprovision access
    with SAML or SCIM.
- term: CA certificate
  description: >-
    A digital certificate issued by Certificate Authority (CA) that ensures there are valid connections between two machines, such as a user's computer and GitHub.com and verifies the ownership of a site.
- term: card
  description: A movable square within a project board associated with an issue or pull request.
- term: check
  description: >-
    A check is a type of status check on {% data variables.product.product_name %}. See "[Status checks](#status-checks)."
- term: checkout
  description: >-
    You can use `git checkout` on the command line to create a new branch, change your current working branch to a different branch, or even to switch to a different version of a file from a different branch with `git checkout [branchname] [path to file]`. The "checkout" action updates all or part of the working tree with a tree object or
    blob from the object database, and updates the index and HEAD if the whole
    working tree is pointing to a new branch.
- term: cherry-picking
  description: >-
    To choose a subset of changes from a series of changes (typically commits) and record them as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In Git, this is performed by the `git cherry-pick` command to extract the change introduced by an existing commit on another branch and to record it based on the tip of the current branch as a new commit. For more information, see [git-cherry-pick](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-cherry-pick) in the Git documentation.
- term: child team
  description: >-
    Within nested teams, the subteam that inherits the parent team's access
    permissions and @mentions.
- term: clean
  description: >-
    A working tree is clean if it corresponds to the revision referenced by the
    current HEAD. Also see "dirty".
- term: clone
  description: >-
    A clone is a copy of a repository that lives on your computer instead of on
    a website's server somewhere, or the act of making that copy. When you make a
    clone, you can edit the files in your preferred editor and use Git to keep
    track of your changes without having to be online. The repository you cloned
    is still connected to the remote version so that you can push your local
    changes to the remote to keep them synced when you're online.
- term: clustering
  description: >-
    The ability to run GitHub Enterprise services across multiple nodes and load
    balance requests between them.
- term: code frequency graph
  description: >-
    A repository graph that shows the content additions and deletions for each
    week in a repository's history.
- term: code of conduct
  description: A document that defines standards for how to engage in a community.
- term: code owner
  description: >-
    A person who is designated as an owner of a portion of a repository's code. The code owner is automatically requested for review when someone opens a pull request (not in draft mode) that makes changes to code the code owner owns.
- term: collaborator
  description: >-
    A collaborator is a person with read and write access to a repository who
    has been invited to contribute by the repository owner.
- term: commit
  description: >-
    A commit, or "revision", is an individual change to a file (or set of
    files). When you make a commit to save your work, Git creates a unique ID (a.k.a. the "SHA" or "hash") that allows you to keep record of the specific changes committed along with who made them and when. Commits usually contain a
    commit message which is a brief description of what changes were made.
- term: commit author
  description: The user who makes the commit.
- term: Commit graph
  description: >-
    A repository graph that shows all the commits made to a repository in the
    past year.
- term: commit ID
  description: Also known as SHA. A 40-character checksum hash that identifies the commit.
- term: commit message
  description: >-
    Short, descriptive text that accompanies a commit and communicates the change
    the commit is introducing.
- term: compare branch
  description: >-
    The branch you use to create a pull request.
    This branch is compared to the base branch you choose for the pull request, and the changes are identified.
    When the pull request is merged, the base branch is updated with the changes from the compare branch.
    Also known as the "head branch" of the pull request.
- term: continuous integration
  description: >-
    Also known as CI. A process that runs automated builds and tests once a person commits a change to a configured repository on GitHub. CI is a common best practice in software development that helps detect errors.
- term: contribution graph
  description: >-
    The part of a user's profile that shows their contributions over a period of
    up to one year, day by day.
- term: contribution guidelines
  description: A document explaining how people should contribute to your project.
- term: contributions
  description: >-
    Specific activities on GitHub that will:
      - Add a square to a user's contribution graph: "[AUTOTITLE](/account-and-profile/setting-up-and-managing-your-github-profile/managing-contribution-settings-on-your-profile/viewing-contributions-on-your-profile#what-counts-as-a-contribution)"
      - Add activities to a user's timeline on their profile: "[AUTOTITLE](/account-and-profile/setting-up-and-managing-your-github-profile/managing-contribution-settings-on-your-profile/viewing-contributions-on-your-profile#contribution-activity)"
- term: contributor
  description: >-
    A contributor is someone who does not have collaborator access to a repository but has contributed to a project and had a pull request they opened merged into the repository.
- term: contributors graph
  description: A repository graph that displays the top 100 contributors to a repository.
- term: coupon
  description: >-
    A GitHub-provided code that users or organizations can use to pay for all or
    part of their subscription.
- term: cron
  description: A time-based job scheduler in Unix-like computer operating systems.
- term: cURL
  description: Used in command lines or scripts to transfer data.
- term: dashboard
  description: >-
    Your personal dashboard is the main hub of your activity on GitHub. From your personal dashboard, you can keep track of issues and pull requests you're following or working on, navigate to your top repositories and team pages, and learn about recent activity in repositories you're watching or participating in. You can also discover new repositories, which are recommended based on users you're following and repositories you have starred. To only view activity for a specific organization, visit your organization's dashboard. For more information, see "[AUTOTITLE](/account-and-profile/setting-up-and-managing-your-personal-account-on-github/managing-personal-account-settings/about-your-personal-dashboard)" or "[AUTOTITLE](/organizations/collaborating-with-groups-in-organizations/about-your-organization-dashboard)."
- term: default branch
  description: >-
    The base branch for new pull requests and code commits in a repository. Each repository has at least one branch, which Git creates when you initialize the repository. The first branch is usually called `main`, and is often the default branch.
- term: dependents graph
  description: >-
    A repository graph that shows the packages, projects, and repositories that depend on a
    public repository.
- term: dependency graph
  description: >-
    A repository graph that shows the packages and projects that the repository depends on.
- term: deploy key
  description: >-
    A deploy key is an SSH key that is stored on your server and grants access
    to a single GitHub repository. This key is attached directly to the
    repository instead of to a personal user account.
- term: detached HEAD
  description: >-
    Git will warn you if you're working on a detached HEAD, which means that Git
    is not pointing to a branch and that any commits you make will not appear in
    commit history.  For example, when you check out an arbitrary commit that
    is not the latest commit of any particular branch, you're working on a
    "detached HEAD."
- term: diagnostics
  description: An overview of a GitHub Enterprise instance's settings and environment.
- term: diff
  description: >-
    A diff is the difference in changes between two commits, or saved changes.
    The diff will visually describe what was added or removed from a file since
    its last commit.
- term: directory
  description: >-
    A folder containing one or more files or folders. You can create directories to organize the contents of a repository.
- term: dirty
  description: >-
    A working tree is considered "dirty" if it contains modifications that have
    not been committed to the current branch.
- term: email notifications
  description: Notifications sent to a user's email address.
- term: enterprise account
  description: Enterprise accounts allow you to centrally manage policy and billing for multiple organizations. {% data reusables.gated-features.enterprise-accounts %}
- term: Explorer
  description: >-
    An instance of GraphiQL, which is a "graphical interactive in-browser GraphQL
    IDE."
- term: fast-forward
  description: >-
    A fast-forward is a special type of merge where you have a revision and you
    are "merging" another branch's changes that happen to be a descendant of
    what you have. In such a case, you do not make a new merge commit but
    instead just update to this revision. This will happen frequently on a
    remote-tracking branch of a remote repository.
- term: feature branch
  description: >-
    A branch used to experiment with a new feature or fix an issue that is not in production. Also called a topic branch.
- term: fenced code block
  description: An indented block of code you can create with GitHub Flavored Markdown using triple backticks \`\`\` before and after the code block. See this [example](/get-started/writing-on-github/working-with-advanced-formatting/creating-and-highlighting-code-blocks#fenced-code-blocks).
- term: fetch
  description: >-
    When you use `git fetch`, you're adding changes from the remote repository to
    your local working branch without committing them. Unlike `git pull`, fetching
    allows you to review changes before committing them to your local branch.
- term: following (users)
  description: To get notifications about another user's contributions and activity.
- term: force push
  description: >-
    A Git push that overwrites the remote repository with local changes without
    regard for conflicts.
- term: fork
  description: >-
    A fork is a personal copy of another user's repository that lives on your
    account. Forks allow you to freely make changes to a project without
    affecting the original upstream repository. You can also open a pull request in
    the upstream repository and keep your fork synced with the latest changes since
    both repositories are still connected.
- term: Free plan
  description: >-
    A user account billing plan that is free. Users can collaborate on unlimited
    public repositories with unlimited collaborators.
- term: gist
  description: >-
    A gist is a shareable file that you can edit, clone, and fork on GitHub.
    You can make a gist {% ifversion ghae %}internal{% else %}public{% endif %} or secret, although secret gists will be
    available to {% ifversion ghae %}any enterprise member{% else %}anyone{% endif %} with the URL.
- term: Git
  description: >-
    Git is an open source program for tracking changes in text files. It was
    written by the author of the Linux operating system, and is the core
    technology that GitHub, the social and user interface, is built on top of.
- term: GitHub App
  description: >-
    GitHub Apps provide a service to an entire organization and use their own
    identity when performing their function. They can be installed directly on
    organizations and user accounts and granted access to specific repositories.
    They come with granular permissions and built-in webhooks.
- term: GitHub Flavored Markdown
  description: GitHub-specific Markdown used to format prose and code across GitHub. See [GitHub Flavored Markdown Spec](https://github.github.com/gfm/) or [Getting started with writing and formatting on GitHub](/get-started/writing-on-github/getting-started-with-writing-and-formatting-on-github).
- term: GitHub Importer
  description: >-
    A tool that quickly imports source code repositories, including commits and
    revision history, to GitHub for users.
- term: GitHub Jobs
  description: >-
    A GitHub site where employers can post jobs that GitHub users may be
    interested in.
- term: GitHub Marketplace
  description: >-
    A subsite for GitHub users and organizations to purchase and install
    applications that extend and complement their workflow.
- term: GitHub Pages
  description: >-
    Also referred to as Pages. A static site hosting service designed to host
    your personal, organization, or project pages directly from a GitHub
    repository.
- term: GitHub Wiki
  description: A section for hosting wiki style documentation on a GitHub repository.
- term: gitfile
  description: >-
    A plain `.git` file, which is always at the root of a working tree and points to the Git directory, which has the entire Git repository and its meta data. You can view this file for your repository on the command line with `git rev-parse --git-dir`.
    that is the real repository.
- term: GraphQL
  description: >-
    A query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with
    your existing data.
- term: HEAD
  description: A defined commit of a branch, usually the most recent commit at the tip of the branch.
- term: head branch
  description: The branch whose changes are combined into the base branch
    when you merge a pull request.
    Also known as the "compare branch."
- term: 'Hello, World'
  description: >-
    A "Hello, World!" program is a computer program that outputs or displays
    "Hello, World!" to a user. Since this program is usually very simple, it is
    often used as an example of a programming language's basic syntax and
    serves as a common first exercise for learning a new programming language.
- term: high-availability
  description: >-
    A system or component that is continuously operational for a desirably long
    length of time.
- term: hook
  description: >-
    During the normal execution of several Git commands, call-outs are made to
    optional scripts that allow a developer to add functionality or checking.
    Typically, the hooks allow for a command to be pre-verified and potentially
    aborted, and allow for a post-notification after the operation is done.
- term: hostname
  description: >-
    Human-readable nicknames that correspond to the address of a device
    connected to a network.
- term: identicon
  description: >-
    An auto-generated image used as a default profile photo when users sign up for
    GitHub. Users can replace their identicon with their own profile photo.
- term: identity provider
  description: >-
    Also known as an IdP. A trusted provider that lets you use SAML single
    sign-on (SSO) to access other websites.
- term: instance
  description: >-
    An organization's private copy of GitHub contained within a virtual machine
    that they configure and control.
- term: integration
  description: >-
    A third-party application that integrates with GitHub. These can be GitHub
    Apps, OAuth Apps, or webhooks.
- term: issue
  description: >-
    Issues are suggested improvements, tasks or questions related to the
    repository. Issues can be created by anyone (for public repositories), and
    are moderated by repository collaborators. Each issue contains its own discussion thread. You can also categorize an issue with labels and assign it to someone.
- term: Jekyll
  description: A static site generator for personal, project, or organization sites.
- term: Jekyll Theme Chooser
  description: >-
    An automated way to select a visual theme for your Jekyll site without editing or
    copying CSS files.
- term: key fingerprint
  description: A short sequence of bytes used to identify a longer public key.
- term: keychain
  description: A password management system in macOS.
- term: keyword
  description: A specific word that closes an issue when used within a pull request.
- term: label
  description: >-
    A tag on an issue or pull request. Repositories come with a handful of
    default labels, but users can create custom labels.
- term: LFS
  description: >-
    Git Large File Storage. An open source Git extension for versioning large
    files.
- term: license
  description: >-
    A document that you can include with your project to let people know what
    they can and can't do with your source code.
- term: Linguist
  description: >-
    A library used on GitHub to detect blob languages, ignore binary or vendored
    files, suppress generated files in diffs, and generate language breakdown
    graphs.
- term: line comment
  description: A comment within a pull request on a specific line of code.
- term: line ending
  description: >-
    An invisible character or characters that symbolize the end of a line in a
    text file.
- term: locked personal account
  description: >-
    A personal account that cannot be accessed by the user. Accounts are locked
    when users downgrade their paid account to a free one, or if their paid plan
    is past due.
- term: management console
  description: >-
    A section within the GitHub Enterprise interface that contains
    administrative features.
- term: Markdown
  description: >-
    Markdown is an incredibly simple semantic file format, not too dissimilar
    from .doc, .rtf and .txt. Markdown makes it easy for even those without a
    web-publishing background to write prose (including with links, lists,
    bullets, etc.) and have it displayed like a website. GitHub supports
    Markdown and uses a particular form of Markdown called GitHub Flavored Markdown. See [GitHub Flavored Markdown Spec](https://github.github.com/gfm/) or [Getting started with writing and formatting on GitHub](/get-started/writing-on-github/getting-started-with-writing-and-formatting-on-github).
- term: markup
  description: A system for annotating and formatting a document.
- term: main
  description: >-
    The default development branch. Whenever you create a Git repository,
    a branch named `main` is created, and becomes the active branch.
    In most cases, this contains the local development, though that is purely by
    convention and is not required.
- term: master
  description: >-
    The default branch in many Git repositories. By default, when you create
    a new Git repository on the command line, a branch called `master` is created.
    Many tools now use an alternative name for the default branch. For example,
    when you create a new repository on GitHub, the default branch is called `main`.
- term: members graph
  description: A repository graph that shows all the forks of a repository.
- term: mention
  description: >-
    A notification sent to a user by prefacing their username with the @ symbol.
    Users in an organization on GitHub can also be a part of a team that can be
    mentioned.
- term: merge
  description: >-
    Merging takes the changes from one branch (in the same repository or from a
    fork), and applies them into another. This often happens as a "pull request"
    (which can be thought of as a request to merge), or via the command line. A
    merge can be done through a pull request via the GitHub.com web
    interface if there are no conflicting changes, or can always be done via the
    command line.
- term: merge conflict
  description: >-
    A difference that occurs between merged branches. Merge conflicts happen
    when people make different changes to the same line of the same file, or
    when one person edits a file and another person deletes the same file. The
    merge conflict must be resolved before you can merge the branches.
- term: milestone
  description: >-
    A way to track the progress on groups of issues or pull requests in a
    repository.
- term: mirror
  description: A new copy of a repository.
- term: nested team
  description: >-
    A child team of a parent team. You can have multiple children (or nested)
    teams.
- term: network graph
  description: >-
    A repository graph that shows the branch history of the entire repository
    network, including branches of the root repository and branches of forks
    that contain commits unique to the network.
- term: news feed
  description: >-
    An activity view of repositories or people you watch. An organization's News
    Feed shows activity on repositories owned by the organization.
- term: non-fast-forward
  description: >-
    When your local copy of a repository is out-of-sync with the upstream
    repository and you need to fetch the upstream changes before you push your
    local changes.
- term: notification
  description: >-
    Updates, delivered by either the web or email depending on your settings,
    that give you information about the activities you're interested in.
- term: OAuth App
  description: >-
    A third-party application that uses access tokens rather than passwords to
    access information for users.
- term: OAuth token
  description: The access token used in OAuth Apps to access information for users.
- term: outside collaborator
  description: >-
    A user who has been given access to one or more of an organization’s
    repositories, but has no other access to the organization and is not a
    member of the organization.
- term: open source
  description: >-
    Open source software is software that can be freely used, modified, and
    shared (in both modified and unmodified form) by anyone. Today the concept
    of "open source" is often extended beyond software, to represent a
    philosophy of collaboration in which working materials are made available
    online for anyone to fork, modify, discuss, and contribute to.
- term: organization
  description: >-
    Organizations are a group of two or more users that typically mirror
    real-world organizations. They are administered by users and can contain
    both repositories and teams.
- term: organization owner
  description: Users who have full administrative access to the organization they own.
- term: origin
  description: >-
    The default upstream repository. Most projects have at least one upstream
    project that they track. By default, origin is used for that purpose.
- term: owner
  description: >-
    Organization members that have complete administrative access to the
    organization.
- term: parent team
  description: >-
    Within nested teams, the main team from which child teams inherit access
    permissions and @mentions.
- term: participating notifications
  description: >-
    A notification about an update in a conversation in an issue or pull request
    where your username or team was mentioned or where you have previously replied
    in a comment.
- term: permalink
  description: A permanent static hyperlink to a particular web page.
- term: personal account
  description: >-
    A GitHub account that belongs to an individual user.
- term: primary email address
  description: >-
    The main email address where GitHub sends receipts, credit card or PayPal
    charges, and other billing-related communication.
- term: pinned repository
  description: >-
    A repository that a user has decided to display prominently on their
    profile.
- term: pre-receive hooks
  description: >-
    Scripts that run on the GitHub Enterprise server that you can use to
    implement quality checks.
- term: private contributions
  description: Contributions made to a private (vs. public) repository.
- term: private repository
  description: >-
    Private repositories are only visible to the repository owner and
    collaborators that the owner specified.
- term: production branch
  description: >-
    A branch with final changes that are ready to be used or deployed to an application or site.
- term: profile
  description: The page that shows information about a user's activity on GitHub.
- term: profile photo
  description: >-
    A custom image users upload to GitHub to identify their activity, usually
    along with their username. This is also referred to as an avatar.
- term: project board
  description: >-
    Boards within GitHub that are made up of issues, pull requests, and notes
    that are categorized as cards in columns.
- term: protected branch
  description: >-
    Protected branches block several features of Git on a branch that a
    repository administrator chooses to protect. They can't be force pushed,
    deleted, have changes merged without required checks passing or required
    reviews approved, or have files uploaded to it from the GitHub web
    interface. A protected branch is usually the default branch.
- term: public contributions
  description: Contributions made to a public (vs. private) repository.
- term: public repository
  description: >-
    A public repository can be viewed by anyone, including people who aren't
    GitHub users.
- term: pull
  description: >-
    Pull refers to when you are fetching in changes and merging them. For
    instance, if someone has edited the remote file you're both working on,
    you'll want to pull in those changes to your local copy so that it's up to
    date. See also fetch.
- term: pull access
  description: A synonym for read access.
- term: pull request
  description: >-
    Pull requests are proposed changes to a repository submitted by a user and
    accepted or rejected by a repository's collaborators. Like issues, pull
    requests each have their own discussion forum.
- term: pull request review
  description: >-
    Comments from collaborators on a pull request that approve the changes or
    request further changes before the pull request is merged.
- term: pulse graph
  description: A repository graph that gives you an overview of a repository's activity.
- term: punch graph
  description: >-
    A repository graph that shows the frequency of updates to a repository based
    on the day of week and time of day
- term: push
  description: >-
    To push means to send your committed changes to a remote repository on
    GitHub.com. For instance, if you change something locally, you can push those changes so that others may access them.
- term: push a branch
  description: >-
    When you successfully push a branch to a remote repository, you update the remote branch with changes from your local branch. When you "push a branch", Git will search for the branch's HEAD ref in the remote repository and verify that it is a direct ancestor to the branch's local HEAD ref. Once verified, Git pulls all objects (reachable from the local HEAD ref and missing from the remote repository) into the remote object database and then updates the remote HEAD ref. If the remote HEAD is not an ancestor to the local HEAD, the push fails.
- term: push access
  description: A synonym for write access.
- term: read access
  description: >-
    A permission level on a repository that allows the user to pull, or read,
    information from the repository. All public repositories give read access to
    all GitHub users. A synonym for pull access.
- term: README
  description: A text file containing information about the files in a repository that is typically the first file a visitor to your repository will see. A README file, along with a repository license, contribution guidelines, and a code of conduct, helps you share expectations and manage contributions to your project.
- term: rebase
  description: >-
    To reapply a series of changes from a branch to a different base, and reset
    the HEAD of that branch to the result.
- term: recovery code
  description: A code that helps you regain access to your GitHub account.
- term: release
  description: GitHub's way of packaging and providing software to your users.
- term: remote
  description: >-
    This is the version of a repository or branch that is hosted on a server, most likely
    GitHub.com. Remote versions can be connected to local clones so that changes can be
    synced.
- term: remote repository
  description: >-
    A repository that is used to track the same project but resides somewhere
    else.
- term: remote URL
  description: >-
    The place where your code is stored: a repository on GitHub, another user's
    fork, or even a different server.
- term: replica
  description: >-
    A GitHub Enterprise instance that provides redundancy for the primary GitHub
    Enterprise instance.
- term: repository
  description: >-
    A repository is the most basic element of GitHub. They're easiest to imagine
    as a project's folder. A repository contains all of the project files
    (including documentation), and stores each file's revision history.
    Repositories can have multiple collaborators and can be either public or
    private.
- term: repository cache
  description: >-
    A read-only mirror of repositories for your GitHub Enterprise server instance, located near
    distributed teams and CI clients.
- term: repository graph
  description: A visual representation of your repository's data.
- term: repository maintainer
  description: >-
    Someone who manages a repository. This person may help triage issues and use labels and other features to manage the work of the repository. This person may also be responsible for keeping the README and contributing files updated.
- term: required pull request review
  description: >-
    Required reviews ensure that pull requests have at least one approved review
    before collaborators can make changes to a protected branch.
- term: required status check
  description: >-
    Checks on pull requests that ensure all required CI tests are passing before
    collaborators can make changes to a protected branch.
- term: resolve
  description: The action of fixing up manually what a failed automatic merge left behind.
- term: revert
  description: >-
    When you revert a pull request on GitHub, a new pull request is automatically opened, which has one commit that reverts the merge commit
    from the original merged pull request. In Git, you can revert commits with `git revert`.
- term: review
  description: >-
    Reviews allow others with access to your repository to comment on the changes proposed in pull
    requests, approve the changes, or request further changes before the pull
    request is merged.
- term: root directory
  description: The first directory in a hierarchy.
- term: root filesystem
  description: The base operating system and the GitHub Enterprise application environment.
- term: saved reply
  description: >-
    A comment you can save and add to your GitHub user account so that you can
    use it across GitHub in issues and pull requests.
- term: scope
  description: >-
    Named groups of permissions that an OAuth App can request to access both
    public and non-public data.
- term: seat
  description: >-
    A user within a GitHub Enterprise organization. This may be referred to as
    "seat count."
- term: secret team
  description: >-
    A team that is only visible to the other people on the team and people with owner
    permissions.
- term: security log
  description: >-
    A log that lists the last 50 actions or those performed within the last 90
    days.
- term: server-to-server request
  description: >-
    An API request used by an application that acts as a bot, independently of any particular user. For example, an application that runs on a scheduled basis and closes issues where there has been no activity for a long time. Applications that use this type of authentication don't use a licensed GitHub account so, in an enterprise with a billing plan that allows a certain number of licenses to be used, a server-to-server bot is not consuming one of your GitHub licenses. The token used in a server-to-server request is acquired programmatically, via the GitHub API. For more information, see "[AUTOTITLE](/apps/creating-github-apps/authenticating-with-a-github-app/authenticating-as-a-github-app-installation)." See also, "[user-to-server request](#user-to-server-request)."
- term: service hook
  description: >-
    Also called "webhook." Webhooks provide a way for notifications to be
    delivered to an external web server whenever certain actions occur on a
    repository or organization.
- term: single sign-on
  description: >-
    Also called SSO. Allows users to sign in to a single location - an identity
    provider (IdP) - that then gives the user access to other service providers.
- term: snapshot
  description: A checkpoint of a virtual machine at a point in time.
- term: squash
  description: To combine multiple commits into a single commit. Also a Git command.
- term: SSH key
  description: >-
    SSH keys are a way to identify yourself to an online server, using an encrypted message. It's as if your computer has its own unique password to another service. {% data variables.product.product_name %} uses SSH keys to securely transfer information to your computer.
- term: staging instance
  description: >-
    A way to test modifications before they are applied to your actual GitHub
    Enterprise instance.
- term: status
  description: >-
    A visual representation within a pull request that your commits meet the
    conditions set for the repository you're contributing to.
- term: status checks
  description: >-
    Status checks are external processes, such as continuous integration builds, which run for each commit you make in a repository. For more information, see "[AUTOTITLE](/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/collaborating-on-repositories-with-code-quality-features/about-status-checks)."
- term: star
  description: >-
    A bookmark or display of appreciation for a repository. Stars are a manual
    way to rank the popularity of projects.
- term: subscription
  description: A user or organization's GitHub plan.
- term: team
  description: >-
    A group of organization members that reflect your company or group's
    structure with cascading access permissions and mentions.
- term: team maintainer
  description: >-
    Organization members that have a subset of permissions available to
    organization owners to manage teams.
- term: Team plan
  description: >-
    An organization billing plan that gives you unlimited public and private
    repositories.
- term: timeline
  description: A series of events in a pull request or on a user profile.
- term: topic branch
  description: >-
    A regular Git branch that is used by a developer to identify a conceptual
    line of development. Since branches are very easy and inexpensive, it is
    often desirable to have several small branches that each contain very well
    defined concepts or small incremental yet related changes. Can also be called a feature branch.
- term: topics
  description: >-
    A way to explore repositories in a particular subject area, find projects to
    contribute to, and discover new solutions to a specific problem on GitHub.
- term: traffic graph
  description: >-
    A repository graph that shows a repository's traffic, including full clones
    (not fetches), visitors from the past 14 days, referring sites, and popular
    content.
- term: transfer
  description: >-
    To transfer a repository means to change the owner of a repository. The new owner will be able to
    immediately administer the repository's contents, issues, pull requests,
    releases, and settings.
- term: upstream
  description: >-
    When talking about a branch or a fork, the primary branch on the original
    repository is often referred to as the "upstream", since that is the main
    place that other changes will come in from. The branch/fork you are working
    on is then called the "downstream". Also called origin.
- term: upstream branch
  description: >-
    The default branch that is merged into the branch in question (or the branch
    in question is rebased onto). It is configured via `branch.<name>.remote` and
    `branch.<name>.merge`. If the upstream branch of A is origin/B sometimes we
    say "A is tracking origin/B".
- term: user
  description: >-
    Users are people with personal GitHub accounts. Each user has a personal profile, and
    can own multiple repositories, public or private. They can create or be
    invited to join organizations or collaborate on another user's repository.
- term: username
  description: A user's handle on GitHub.
- term: user-to-server request
  description: >-
    An API request used by an application that performs a task on behalf of a particular user. Where a task is carried out with user-to-server authentication it's shown on GitHub as having been done by a user via an application. For example, you might choose to create an issue from within a third-party application, and the application would do this on your behalf on GitHub. The scope of tasks an application can perform using a user-to-server request is restricted by both the app's and the user's permissions and access. The token used in a user-to-server request is acquired via OAuth. For more information, see "[AUTOTITLE](/apps/creating-github-apps/authenticating-with-a-github-app/authenticating-with-a-github-app-on-behalf-of-a-user)." See also, "[server-to-server request](#server-to-server-request)."
- term: visible team
  description: A team that can be viewed and @mentioned by every organization member.
- term: watch
  description: >-
    You can watch a repository or issue to receive notifications when updates are made to an issue or pull request.
- term: watching notifications
  description: A notification about activity in a repository a user has subscribed to.
- term: web notifications
  description: >-
    Notifications displayed in the web interface on GitHub:
    https://github.com/notifications
- term: webhooks
  description: >-
    Webhooks allow you to build or set up GitHub Apps which subscribe to certain
    events on GitHub.com. Webhooks provide a way for notifications to be
    delivered to an external web server whenever certain actions occur on a
    repository or organization. Also called a service hook.
- term: write access
  description: >-
    A permission level on a repository that allows the user to push, or write,
    changes to the repository.