kube-etcd-controller

Project status: pre-alpha

Managed etcd clusters on Kubernetes:

• creation
• destroy
• resize
• recovery
• backup
• cluster migration
• migrate the non managed etcd cluster into the controller's manage
• rolling upgrade

Requirements

• Kubernetes 1.4+
• etcd 3.0+

Limitations

• Backup only works for data in etcd3 storage, not etcd2 storage.
• Migration only supports single member cluster with all nodes running in the same Kuberentes cluster.

Deploy kube-etcd-controller

$ kubectl create -f example/etcd-controller.yaml
pod "kube-etcd-controller" created

kube-etcd-controller will create a "EtcdCluster" TPR and "etcd-controller-backup" storage class automatically.

$ kubectl get thirdpartyresources
NAME                      DESCRIPTION             VERSION(S)
etcd-cluster.coreos.com   Managed etcd clusters   v1

Create an etcd cluster

$ kubectl create -f example/example-etcd-cluster.yaml

$ kubectl get pods
NAME                             READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
etcd-cluster-0000                1/1       Running   0          23s
etcd-cluster-0001                1/1       Running   0          16s
etcd-cluster-0002                1/1       Running   0          8s
etcd-cluster-backup-tool-rhygq   1/1       Running   0          18s

$ kubectl get services
NAME                       CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)             AGE
etcd-cluster-0000          10.0.84.34     <none>        2380/TCP,2379/TCP   37s
etcd-cluster-0001          10.0.51.78     <none>        2380/TCP,2379/TCP   30s
etcd-cluster-0002          10.0.140.141   <none>        2380/TCP,2379/TCP   22s
etcd-cluster-backup-tool   10.0.59.243    <none>        19999/TCP           32s

$ kubectl logs etcd-cluster-0000
...
2016-08-05 00:33:32.453768 I | api: enabled capabilities for version 3.0
2016-08-05 00:33:32.454178 N | etcdmain: serving insecure client requests on 0.0.0.0:2379, this is strongly discouraged!

Resize an etcd cluster

kubectl apply doesn't work for TPR at the moment. See kubernetes/#29542.

In this example, we use cURL to update the cluster as a workaround.

Use kubectl to create a reverse proxy:

$ kubectl proxy --port=8080
Starting to serve on 127.0.0.1:8080

Now we can talk to apiserver via "http://127.0.0.1:8080".

Have json file:

$ cat body.json
{
  "apiVersion": "coreos.com/v1",
  "kind": "EtcdCluster",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "etcd-cluster",
    "namespace": "default"
  },
  "spec": {
    "backup": {
      "maxSnapshot": 5,
      "snapshotIntervalInSecond": 30,
      "volumeSizeInMB": 512
    },
    "size": 5
  }
}

In another terminal, use the following command changed the cluster size from 3 to 5.

$ curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -X PUT --data @body.json http://127.0.0.1:8080/apis/coreos.com/v1/namespaces/default/etcdclusters/etcd-cluster

{  
   "apiVersion":"coreos.com/v1",
   "kind":"EtcdCluster",
   "metadata":{  
      "name":"etcd-cluster",
      "namespace":"default",
      "selfLink":"/apis/coreos.com/v1/namespaces/default/etcdclusters/etcd-cluster",
      "uid":"4773679d-86cf-11e6-9086-42010af00002",
      "resourceVersion":"438492",
      "creationTimestamp":"2016-09-30T05:32:29Z"
   },
   "spec":{  
      "backup":{  
         "maxSnapshot":5,
         "snapshotIntervalInSecond":30,
         "volumeSizeInMB":512
      },
      "size":5
   }
}

We should see

$ kubectl get pods
NAME                             READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
etcd-cluster-0000                1/1       Running             0          3m
etcd-cluster-0001                1/1       Running             0          2m
etcd-cluster-0002                1/1       Running             0          2m
etcd-cluster-0003                1/1       Running             0          9s
etcd-cluster-0004                0/1       ContainerCreating   0          1s
etcd-cluster-backup-tool-e9gkv   1/1       Running             0          2m

Now we can decrease the size of cluster from 5 back to 3.

Have json file ready: (note the size change to 3)

$ cat body.json
{
  "apiVersion": "coreos.com/v1",
  "kind": "EtcdCluster",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "etcd-cluster",
    "namespace": "default"
  },
  "spec": {
    "backup": {
      "maxSnapshot": 5,
      "snapshotIntervalInSecond": 30,
      "volumeSizeInMB": 512
    },
    "size": 3
  }
}

Apply it to API Server:

$ curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -X PUT --data @body.json http://127.0.0.1:8080/apis/coreos.com/v1/namespaces/default/etcdclusters/etcd-cluster

We should see that etcd cluster would eventually reduce to 3 pods:

$ kubectl get pods
NAME                             READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
etcd-cluster-0002                1/1       Running   0          3m
etcd-cluster-0003                1/1       Running   0          1m
etcd-cluster-0004                1/1       Running   0          1m
etcd-cluster-backup-tool-e9gkv   1/1       Running   0          3m

Destroy an existing etcd cluster

$ kubectl delete -f example/example-etcd-cluster.yaml

$ kubectl get pods
NAME                       READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE

Try member recovery

If the minority of etcd members crash, the etcd controller will automatically recover the failure. Let's walk through in the following steps.

Redo "create" process to have initial 3 members cluster.

Simulate a member failure by deleting a pod:

$ kubectl delete pod etcd-cluster-0000

The etcd controller will recover the failure by creating a new pod etcd-cluster-0003

$ kubectl get pods
NAME                       READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
etcd-cluster-0001   1/1       Running   0          5s
etcd-cluster-0002   1/1       Running   0          5s
etcd-cluster-0003   1/1       Running   0          5s

Try controller recovery

If the etcd controller restarts, it can recover its previous state.

Continued from above, you can try to simulate a controller crash and a member crash:

$ kubectl delete -f example/etcd-controller.yaml
pod "kube-etcd-controller" deleted

$ kubectl delete etcd-cluster-0001
pod "etcd-cluster-0001" deleted

Then restart the etcd controller. It should automatically recover itself. It also recovers the etcd cluster!

$ kubectl create -f example/etcd-cluster.yaml
pod "kube-etcd-controller" created
$ kubectl get pods
NAME                READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
etcd-cluster-0002   1/1       Running   0          4m
etcd-cluster-0003   1/1       Running   0          4m
etcd-cluster-0004   1/1       Running   0          6s

Try disaster recovery

If the majority of etcd members crash and at least one backup exists for the cluster, the etcd controller can restore entire cluster from the backup.

By default, the etcd controller creates a storage class on initialization:

$ kubectl get storageclass
NAME                     TYPE
etcd-controller-backup   kubernetes.io/gce-pd

This is used to request the persistent volume to store the backup data. (We are planning to support AWS EBS soon.)

Continued from last example, a persistent volume is claimed for the backup pod:

$ kubectl get pvc
NAME               STATUS    VOLUME                                     CAPACITY   ACCESSMODES   AGE
pvc-etcd-cluster   Bound     pvc-164d18fe-8797-11e6-a8b4-42010af00002   1Gi        RWO           14m

Let's try to write some data into etcd:

$ kubectl run --rm -i --tty fun --image quay.io/coreos/etcd --restart=Never -- /bin/sh
/ # ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --endpoints http://etcd-cluster-0002:2379 put foo bar
OK
(ctrl-D to exit)

Now let's kill two pods to simulate a disaster failure:

$ kubectl delete pod etcd-cluster-000 etcd-cluster-0003
pod "etcd-cluster-0002" deleted
pod "etcd-cluster-0003" deleted

Now quorum is lost. The etcd controller will start to recover the cluster by:

• create a new seed member to recover from the backup
• add enough members into the seed cluster

$ kubectl get pods
NAME                             READY     STATUS     RESTARTS   AGE
etcd-cluster-0005                0/1       Init:0/2   0          11s
etcd-cluster-backup-tool-e9gkv   1/1       Running    0          18m
...
$ kubectl get pods
NAME                             READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
etcd-cluster-0005                1/1       Running   0          3m
etcd-cluster-0006                1/1       Running   0          3m
etcd-cluster-0007                1/1       Running   0          3m
etcd-cluster-backup-tool-e9gkv   1/1       Running   0          22m

Note that there might be race that it falls to member recovery because of delay in deleting the second pod.

Try upgrade etcd cluster

Cleanup any existing etcd cluster but keeps etcd controller running.

Have following yaml file ready:

$ cat 3.0-etcd-cluster.yaml
apiVersion: "coreos.com/v1"
kind: "EtcdCluster"
metadata:
  name: "etcd-cluster"
spec:
  size: 3
  version: "v3.0.12"

Create an etcd cluster with the version (3.0.12) specified in the yaml file:

$ kubectl create -f 3.0-etcd-cluster.yaml
$ kubectl get pods
NAME                   READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
etcd-cluster-0000      1/1       Running   0          37s
etcd-cluster-0001      1/1       Running   0          25s
etcd-cluster-0002      1/1       Running   0          14s

The container image version should be 3.0.12:

$ kubectl get pod etcd-cluster-0000 -o yaml | grep "image:" | uniq
    image: quay.io/coreos/etcd:v3.0.12

kubectl apply doesn't work for TPR at the moment. See kubernetes/#29542. We use cURL to update the cluster as a workaround.

Use kubectl to create a reverse proxy:

$ kubectl proxy --port=8080
Starting to serve on 127.0.0.1:8080

Have following json file ready: (Note that the version field is changed from v3.0.12 to v3.1.0-alpha.1)

$ cat body.json
{
  "apiVersion": "coreos.com/v1",
  "kind": "EtcdCluster",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "etcd-cluster"
  },
  "spec": {
    "size": 3,
    "version": "v3.1.0-alpha.1"
  }
}

Then we update the version in spec.

$ curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -X PUT --data @body.json \
    http://127.0.0.1:8080/apis/coreos.com/v1/namespaces/default/etcdclusters/etcd-cluster

Wait 30 seconds. The container image version should be updated to v3.1.0-alpha.1:

$ kubectl get pod etcd-cluster-0000 -o yaml | grep "image:" | uniq
    image: quay.io/coreos/etcd:v3.1.0-alpha.1

Check other two pods and you should see the same result.