putty/sshprng.c

288 строки
8.8 KiB
C

/*
* sshprng.c: PuTTY's cryptographic pseudorandom number generator.
*
* This module just defines the PRNG object type and its methods. The
* usual global instance of it is managed by sshrand.c.
*/
#include "putty.h"
#include "ssh.h"
#include "mpint_i.h"
#ifdef PRNG_DIAGNOSTICS
#define prngdebug debug
#else
#define prngdebug(...) ((void)0)
#endif
/*
* This random number generator is based on the 'Fortuna' design by
* Niels Ferguson and Bruce Schneier. The biggest difference is that I
* use SHA-256 in place of a block cipher: the generator side of the
* system works by computing HASH(key || counter) instead of
* ENCRYPT(counter, key).
*
* Rationale: the Fortuna description itself suggests that using
* SHA-256 would be nice but people wouldn't accept it because it's
* too slow - but PuTTY isn't a heavy enough user of random numbers to
* make that a serious worry. In fact even with SHA-256 this generator
* is faster than the one we previously used. Also the Fortuna
* description worries about periodic rekeying to avoid the barely
* detectable pattern of never repeating a cipher block - but with
* SHA-256, even that shouldn't be a worry, because the output
* 'blocks' are twice the size, and also SHA-256 has no guarantee of
* bijectivity, so it surely _could_ be possible to generate the same
* block from two counter values. Thirdly, Fortuna has to have a hash
* function anyway, for reseeding and entropy collection, so reusing
* the same one means it only depends on one underlying primitive and
* can be easily reinstantiated with a larger hash function if you
* decide you'd like to do that on a particular occasion.
*/
#define NCOLLECTORS 32
#define RESEED_DATA_SIZE 64
typedef struct prng_impl prng_impl;
struct prng_impl {
prng Prng;
const ssh_hashalg *hashalg;
/*
* Generation side:
*
* 'generator' is a hash object with the current key preloaded
* into it. The counter-mode generation is achieved by copying
* that hash object, appending the counter value to the copy, and
* calling ssh_hash_final.
*/
ssh_hash *generator;
BignumInt counter[128 / BIGNUM_INT_BITS];
/*
* When re-seeding the generator, you call prng_seed_begin(),
* which sets up a hash object in 'keymaker'. You write your new
* seed data into it (which you can do by calling put_data on the
* PRNG object itself) and then call prng_seed_finish(), which
* finalises this hash and uses the output to set up the new
* generator.
*
* The keymaker hash preimage includes the previous key, so if you
* just want to change keys for the sake of not keeping the same
* one for too long, you don't have to put any extra seed data in
* at all.
*/
ssh_hash *keymaker;
/*
* Collection side:
*
* There are NCOLLECTORS hash objects collecting entropy. Each
* separately numbered entropy source puts its output into those
* hash objects in the order 0,1,0,2,0,1,0,3,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,4,...,
* that is to say, each entropy source has a separate counter
* which is incremented every time that source generates an event,
* and the event data is added to the collector corresponding to
* the index of the lowest set bit in the current counter value.
*
* Whenever collector #0 has at least RESEED_DATA_SIZE bytes (and
* it's not at least 100ms since the last reseed), the PRNG is
* reseeded, with seed data on reseed #n taken from the first j
* collectors, where j is one more than the number of factors of 2
* in n. That is, collector #0 is used in every reseed; #1 in
* every other one, #2 in every fourth, etc.
*
* 'until_reseed' counts the amount of data that still needs to be
* added to collector #0 before a reseed will be triggered.
*/
uint32_t source_counters[NOISE_MAX_SOURCES];
ssh_hash *collectors[NCOLLECTORS];
size_t until_reseed;
uint32_t reseeds;
uint64_t last_reseed_time;
};
static void prng_seed_BinarySink_write(
BinarySink *bs, const void *data, size_t len);
prng *prng_new(const ssh_hashalg *hashalg)
{
prng_impl *pi = snew(prng_impl);
memset(pi, 0, sizeof(prng_impl));
pi->hashalg = hashalg;
pi->keymaker = NULL;
pi->generator = NULL;
memset(pi->counter, 0, sizeof(pi->counter));
for (size_t i = 0; i < NCOLLECTORS; i++)
pi->collectors[i] = ssh_hash_new(pi->hashalg);
pi->until_reseed = 0;
BinarySink_INIT(&pi->Prng, prng_seed_BinarySink_write);
pi->Prng.savesize = pi->hashalg->hlen * 4;
return &pi->Prng;
}
void prng_free(prng *pr)
{
prng_impl *pi = container_of(pr, prng_impl, Prng);
smemclr(pi->counter, sizeof(pi->counter));
for (size_t i = 0; i < NCOLLECTORS; i++)
ssh_hash_free(pi->collectors[i]);
if (pi->generator)
ssh_hash_free(pi->generator);
if (pi->keymaker)
ssh_hash_free(pi->keymaker);
smemclr(pi, sizeof(*pi));
sfree(pi);
}
void prng_seed_begin(prng *pr)
{
prng_impl *pi = container_of(pr, prng_impl, Prng);
assert(!pi->keymaker);
prngdebug("prng: reseed begin\n");
/*
* Make a hash instance that will generate the key for the new one.
*/
if (pi->generator) {
pi->keymaker = pi->generator;
pi->generator = NULL;
} else {
pi->keymaker = ssh_hash_new(pi->hashalg);
}
put_byte(pi->keymaker, 'R');
}
static void prng_seed_BinarySink_write(
BinarySink *bs, const void *data, size_t len)
{
prng *pr = BinarySink_DOWNCAST(bs, prng);
prng_impl *pi = container_of(pr, prng_impl, Prng);
assert(pi->keymaker);
prngdebug("prng: got %"SIZEu" bytes of seed\n", len);
put_data(pi->keymaker, data, len);
}
void prng_seed_finish(prng *pr)
{
prng_impl *pi = container_of(pr, prng_impl, Prng);
unsigned char buf[MAX_HASH_LEN];
assert(pi->keymaker);
prngdebug("prng: reseed finish\n");
/*
* Actually generate the key.
*/
ssh_hash_final(pi->keymaker, buf);
pi->keymaker = NULL;
/*
* Load that key into a fresh hash instance, which will become the
* new generator.
*/
assert(!pi->generator);
pi->generator = ssh_hash_new(pi->hashalg);
put_data(pi->generator, buf, pi->hashalg->hlen);
pi->until_reseed = RESEED_DATA_SIZE;
pi->last_reseed_time = prng_reseed_time_ms();
smemclr(buf, sizeof(buf));
}
static inline void prng_generate(prng_impl *pi, void *outbuf)
{
ssh_hash *h = ssh_hash_copy(pi->generator);
prngdebug("prng_generate\n");
put_byte(h, 'G');
for (unsigned i = 0; i < 128; i += 8)
put_byte(h, pi->counter[i/BIGNUM_INT_BITS] >> (i%BIGNUM_INT_BITS));
BignumCarry c = 1;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < lenof(pi->counter); i++)
BignumADC(pi->counter[i], c, pi->counter[i], 0, c);
ssh_hash_final(h, outbuf);
}
void prng_read(prng *pr, void *vout, size_t size)
{
prng_impl *pi = container_of(pr, prng_impl, Prng);
unsigned char buf[MAX_HASH_LEN];
assert(!pi->keymaker);
prngdebug("prng_read %"SIZEu"\n", size);
uint8_t *out = (uint8_t *)vout;
while (size > 0) {
prng_generate(pi, buf);
size_t to_use = size > pi->hashalg->hlen ? pi->hashalg->hlen : size;
memcpy(out, buf, to_use);
out += to_use;
size -= to_use;
}
smemclr(buf, sizeof(buf));
prng_seed_begin(&pi->Prng);
prng_seed_finish(&pi->Prng);
}
void prng_add_entropy(prng *pr, unsigned source_id, ptrlen data)
{
prng_impl *pi = container_of(pr, prng_impl, Prng);
assert(source_id < NOISE_MAX_SOURCES);
uint32_t counter = ++pi->source_counters[source_id];
size_t index = 0;
while (index+1 < NCOLLECTORS && !(counter & 1)) {
counter >>= 1;
index++;
}
prngdebug("prng_add_entropy source=%u size=%"SIZEu" -> collector %zi\n",
source_id, data.len, index);
put_datapl(pi->collectors[index], data);
if (index == 0)
pi->until_reseed = (pi->until_reseed < data.len ? 0 :
pi->until_reseed - data.len);
if (pi->until_reseed == 0 &&
prng_reseed_time_ms() - pi->last_reseed_time >= 100) {
prng_seed_begin(&pi->Prng);
unsigned char buf[MAX_HASH_LEN];
uint32_t reseed_index = ++pi->reseeds;
prngdebug("prng entropy reseed #%"PRIu32"\n", reseed_index);
for (size_t i = 0; i < NCOLLECTORS; i++) {
prngdebug("emptying collector %"SIZEu"\n", i);
ssh_hash_digest(pi->collectors[i], buf);
put_data(&pi->Prng, buf, pi->hashalg->hlen);
ssh_hash_reset(pi->collectors[i]);
if (reseed_index & 1)
break;
reseed_index >>= 1;
}
smemclr(buf, sizeof(buf));
prng_seed_finish(&pi->Prng);
}
}
size_t prng_seed_bits(prng *pr)
{
prng_impl *pi = container_of(pr, prng_impl, Prng);
return pi->hashalg->hlen * 8;
}