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putty/sshrsa.c

803 строки
20 KiB
C
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/*
* RSA implementation for PuTTY.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "ssh.h"
#include "misc.h"
#define GET_32BIT(cp) \
(((unsigned long)(unsigned char)(cp)[0] << 24) | \
((unsigned long)(unsigned char)(cp)[1] << 16) | \
((unsigned long)(unsigned char)(cp)[2] << 8) | \
((unsigned long)(unsigned char)(cp)[3]))
#define PUT_32BIT(cp, value) { \
(cp)[0] = (unsigned char)((value) >> 24); \
(cp)[1] = (unsigned char)((value) >> 16); \
(cp)[2] = (unsigned char)((value) >> 8); \
(cp)[3] = (unsigned char)(value); }
int makekey(unsigned char *data, struct RSAKey *result,
unsigned char **keystr, int order)
{
unsigned char *p = data;
int i;
if (result) {
result->bits = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
result->bits = (result->bits << 8) + *p++;
} else
p += 4;
/*
* order=0 means exponent then modulus (the keys sent by the
* server). order=1 means modulus then exponent (the keys
* stored in a keyfile).
*/
if (order == 0)
p += ssh1_read_bignum(p, result ? &result->exponent : NULL);
if (result)
result->bytes = (((p[0] << 8) + p[1]) + 7) / 8;
if (keystr)
*keystr = p + 2;
p += ssh1_read_bignum(p, result ? &result->modulus : NULL);
if (order == 1)
p += ssh1_read_bignum(p, result ? &result->exponent : NULL);
return p - data;
}
int makeprivate(unsigned char *data, struct RSAKey *result)
{
return ssh1_read_bignum(data, &result->private_exponent);
}
void rsaencrypt(unsigned char *data, int length, struct RSAKey *key)
{
Bignum b1, b2;
int i;
unsigned char *p;
memmove(data + key->bytes - length, data, length);
data[0] = 0;
data[1] = 2;
for (i = 2; i < key->bytes - length - 1; i++) {
do {
data[i] = random_byte();
} while (data[i] == 0);
}
data[key->bytes - length - 1] = 0;
b1 = bignum_from_bytes(data, key->bytes);
b2 = modpow(b1, key->exponent, key->modulus);
p = data;
for (i = key->bytes; i--;) {
*p++ = bignum_byte(b2, i);
}
freebn(b1);
freebn(b2);
}
static void sha512_mpint(SHA512_State * s, Bignum b)
{
unsigned char lenbuf[4];
int len;
len = (bignum_bitcount(b) + 8) / 8;
PUT_32BIT(lenbuf, len);
SHA512_Bytes(s, lenbuf, 4);
while (len-- > 0) {
lenbuf[0] = bignum_byte(b, len);
SHA512_Bytes(s, lenbuf, 1);
}
memset(lenbuf, 0, sizeof(lenbuf));
}
/*
* This function is a wrapper on modpow(). It has the same effect
* as modpow(), but employs RSA blinding to protect against timing
* attacks.
*/
static Bignum rsa_privkey_op(Bignum input, struct RSAKey *key)
{
Bignum random, random_encrypted, random_inverse;
Bignum input_blinded, ret_blinded;
Bignum ret;
SHA512_State ss;
unsigned char digest512[64];
int digestused = lenof(digest512);
int hashseq = 0;
/*
* Start by inventing a random number chosen uniformly from the
* range 2..modulus-1. (We do this by preparing a random number
* of the right length and retrying if it's greater than the
* modulus, to prevent any potential Bleichenbacher-like
* attacks making use of the uneven distribution within the
* range that would arise from just reducing our number mod n.
* There are timing implications to the potential retries, of
* course, but all they tell you is the modulus, which you
* already knew.)
*
* To preserve determinism and avoid Pageant needing to share
* the random number pool, we actually generate this `random'
* number by hashing stuff with the private key.
*/
while (1) {
int bits, byte, bitsleft, v;
random = copybn(key->modulus);
/*
* Find the topmost set bit. (This function will return its
* index plus one.) Then we'll set all bits from that one
* downwards randomly.
*/
bits = bignum_bitcount(random);
byte = 0;
bitsleft = 0;
while (bits--) {
if (bitsleft <= 0) {
bitsleft = 8;
/*
* Conceptually the following few lines are equivalent to
* byte = random_byte();
*/
if (digestused >= lenof(digest512)) {
unsigned char seqbuf[4];
PUT_32BIT(seqbuf, hashseq);
SHA512_Init(&ss);
SHA512_Bytes(&ss, "RSA deterministic blinding", 26);
SHA512_Bytes(&ss, seqbuf, sizeof(seqbuf));
sha512_mpint(&ss, key->private_exponent);
SHA512_Final(&ss, digest512);
hashseq++;
/*
* Now hash that digest plus the signature
* input.
*/
SHA512_Init(&ss);
SHA512_Bytes(&ss, digest512, sizeof(digest512));
sha512_mpint(&ss, input);
SHA512_Final(&ss, digest512);
digestused = 0;
}
byte = digest512[digestused++];
}
v = byte & 1;
byte >>= 1;
bitsleft--;
bignum_set_bit(random, bits, v);
}
/*
* Now check that this number is strictly greater than
* zero, and strictly less than modulus.
*/
if (bignum_cmp(random, Zero) <= 0 ||
bignum_cmp(random, key->modulus) >= 0) {
freebn(random);
continue;
} else {
break;
}
}
/*
* RSA blinding relies on the fact that (xy)^d mod n is equal
* to (x^d mod n) * (y^d mod n) mod n. We invent a random pair
* y and y^d; then we multiply x by y, raise to the power d mod
* n as usual, and divide by y^d to recover x^d. Thus an
* attacker can't correlate the timing of the modpow with the
* input, because they don't know anything about the number
* that was input to the actual modpow.
*
* The clever bit is that we don't have to do a huge modpow to
* get y and y^d; we will use the number we just invented as
* _y^d_, and use the _public_ exponent to compute (y^d)^e = y
* from it, which is much faster to do.
*/
random_encrypted = modpow(random, key->exponent, key->modulus);
random_inverse = modinv(random, key->modulus);
input_blinded = modmul(input, random_encrypted, key->modulus);
ret_blinded = modpow(input_blinded, key->private_exponent, key->modulus);
ret = modmul(ret_blinded, random_inverse, key->modulus);
freebn(ret_blinded);
freebn(input_blinded);
freebn(random_inverse);
freebn(random_encrypted);
freebn(random);
return ret;
}
Bignum rsadecrypt(Bignum input, struct RSAKey *key)
{
return rsa_privkey_op(input, key);
}
int rsastr_len(struct RSAKey *key)
{
Bignum md, ex;
int mdlen, exlen;
md = key->modulus;
ex = key->exponent;
mdlen = (bignum_bitcount(md) + 15) / 16;
exlen = (bignum_bitcount(ex) + 15) / 16;
return 4 * (mdlen + exlen) + 20;
}
void rsastr_fmt(char *str, struct RSAKey *key)
{
Bignum md, ex;
int len = 0, i, nibbles;
static const char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
md = key->modulus;
ex = key->exponent;
len += sprintf(str + len, "0x");
nibbles = (3 + bignum_bitcount(ex)) / 4;
if (nibbles < 1)
nibbles = 1;
for (i = nibbles; i--;)
str[len++] = hex[(bignum_byte(ex, i / 2) >> (4 * (i % 2))) & 0xF];
len += sprintf(str + len, ",0x");
nibbles = (3 + bignum_bitcount(md)) / 4;
if (nibbles < 1)
nibbles = 1;
for (i = nibbles; i--;)
str[len++] = hex[(bignum_byte(md, i / 2) >> (4 * (i % 2))) & 0xF];
str[len] = '\0';
}
/*
* Generate a fingerprint string for the key. Compatible with the
* OpenSSH fingerprint code.
*/
void rsa_fingerprint(char *str, int len, struct RSAKey *key)
{
struct MD5Context md5c;
unsigned char digest[16];
char buffer[16 * 3 + 40];
int numlen, slen, i;
MD5Init(&md5c);
numlen = ssh1_bignum_length(key->modulus) - 2;
for (i = numlen; i--;) {
unsigned char c = bignum_byte(key->modulus, i);
MD5Update(&md5c, &c, 1);
}
numlen = ssh1_bignum_length(key->exponent) - 2;
for (i = numlen; i--;) {
unsigned char c = bignum_byte(key->exponent, i);
MD5Update(&md5c, &c, 1);
}
MD5Final(digest, &md5c);
sprintf(buffer, "%d ", bignum_bitcount(key->modulus));
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
sprintf(buffer + strlen(buffer), "%s%02x", i ? ":" : "",
digest[i]);
strncpy(str, buffer, len);
str[len - 1] = '\0';
slen = strlen(str);
if (key->comment && slen < len - 1) {
str[slen] = ' ';
strncpy(str + slen + 1, key->comment, len - slen - 1);
str[len - 1] = '\0';
}
}
/*
* Verify that the public data in an RSA key matches the private
* data. We also check the private data itself: we ensure that p >
* q and that iqmp really is the inverse of q mod p.
*/
int rsa_verify(struct RSAKey *key)
{
Bignum n, ed, pm1, qm1;
int cmp;
/* n must equal pq. */
n = bigmul(key->p, key->q);
cmp = bignum_cmp(n, key->modulus);
freebn(n);
if (cmp != 0)
return 0;
/* e * d must be congruent to 1, modulo (p-1) and modulo (q-1). */
pm1 = copybn(key->p);
decbn(pm1);
ed = modmul(key->exponent, key->private_exponent, pm1);
cmp = bignum_cmp(ed, One);
sfree(ed);
if (cmp != 0)
return 0;
qm1 = copybn(key->q);
decbn(qm1);
ed = modmul(key->exponent, key->private_exponent, qm1);
cmp = bignum_cmp(ed, One);
sfree(ed);
if (cmp != 0)
return 0;
/*
* Ensure p > q.
*/
if (bignum_cmp(key->p, key->q) <= 0)
return 0;
/*
* Ensure iqmp * q is congruent to 1, modulo p.
*/
n = modmul(key->iqmp, key->q, key->p);
cmp = bignum_cmp(n, One);
sfree(n);
if (cmp != 0)
return 0;
return 1;
}
/* Public key blob as used by Pageant: exponent before modulus. */
unsigned char *rsa_public_blob(struct RSAKey *key, int *len)
{
int length, pos;
unsigned char *ret;
length = (ssh1_bignum_length(key->modulus) +
ssh1_bignum_length(key->exponent) + 4);
ret = snewn(length, unsigned char);
PUT_32BIT(ret, bignum_bitcount(key->modulus));
pos = 4;
pos += ssh1_write_bignum(ret + pos, key->exponent);
pos += ssh1_write_bignum(ret + pos, key->modulus);
*len = length;
return ret;
}
/* Given a public blob, determine its length. */
int rsa_public_blob_len(void *data)
{
unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)data;
p += 4; /* length word */
p += ssh1_read_bignum(p, NULL); /* exponent */
p += ssh1_read_bignum(p, NULL); /* modulus */
return p - (unsigned char *)data;
}
void freersakey(struct RSAKey *key)
{
if (key->modulus)
freebn(key->modulus);
if (key->exponent)
freebn(key->exponent);
if (key->private_exponent)
freebn(key->private_exponent);
if (key->comment)
sfree(key->comment);
}
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
* Implementation of the ssh-rsa signing key type.
*/
static void getstring(char **data, int *datalen, char **p, int *length)
{
*p = NULL;
if (*datalen < 4)
return;
*length = GET_32BIT(*data);
*datalen -= 4;
*data += 4;
if (*datalen < *length)
return;
*p = *data;
*data += *length;
*datalen -= *length;
}
static Bignum getmp(char **data, int *datalen)
{
char *p;
int length;
Bignum b;
getstring(data, datalen, &p, &length);
if (!p)
return NULL;
b = bignum_from_bytes((unsigned char *)p, length);
return b;
}
static void *rsa2_newkey(char *data, int len)
{
char *p;
int slen;
struct RSAKey *rsa;
rsa = snew(struct RSAKey);
if (!rsa)
return NULL;
getstring(&data, &len, &p, &slen);
if (!p || slen != 7 || memcmp(p, "ssh-rsa", 7)) {
sfree(rsa);
return NULL;
}
rsa->exponent = getmp(&data, &len);
rsa->modulus = getmp(&data, &len);
rsa->private_exponent = NULL;
rsa->comment = NULL;
return rsa;
}
static void rsa2_freekey(void *key)
{
struct RSAKey *rsa = (struct RSAKey *) key;
freersakey(rsa);
sfree(rsa);
}
static char *rsa2_fmtkey(void *key)
{
struct RSAKey *rsa = (struct RSAKey *) key;
char *p;
int len;
len = rsastr_len(rsa);
p = snewn(len, char);
rsastr_fmt(p, rsa);
return p;
}
static unsigned char *rsa2_public_blob(void *key, int *len)
{
struct RSAKey *rsa = (struct RSAKey *) key;
int elen, mlen, bloblen;
int i;
unsigned char *blob, *p;
elen = (bignum_bitcount(rsa->exponent) + 8) / 8;
mlen = (bignum_bitcount(rsa->modulus) + 8) / 8;
/*
* string "ssh-rsa", mpint exp, mpint mod. Total 19+elen+mlen.
* (three length fields, 12+7=19).
*/
bloblen = 19 + elen + mlen;
blob = snewn(bloblen, unsigned char);
p = blob;
PUT_32BIT(p, 7);
p += 4;
memcpy(p, "ssh-rsa", 7);
p += 7;
PUT_32BIT(p, elen);
p += 4;
for (i = elen; i--;)
*p++ = bignum_byte(rsa->exponent, i);
PUT_32BIT(p, mlen);
p += 4;
for (i = mlen; i--;)
*p++ = bignum_byte(rsa->modulus, i);
assert(p == blob + bloblen);
*len = bloblen;
return blob;
}
static unsigned char *rsa2_private_blob(void *key, int *len)
{
struct RSAKey *rsa = (struct RSAKey *) key;
int dlen, plen, qlen, ulen, bloblen;
int i;
unsigned char *blob, *p;
dlen = (bignum_bitcount(rsa->private_exponent) + 8) / 8;
plen = (bignum_bitcount(rsa->p) + 8) / 8;
qlen = (bignum_bitcount(rsa->q) + 8) / 8;
ulen = (bignum_bitcount(rsa->iqmp) + 8) / 8;
/*
* mpint private_exp, mpint p, mpint q, mpint iqmp. Total 16 +
* sum of lengths.
*/
bloblen = 16 + dlen + plen + qlen + ulen;
blob = snewn(bloblen, unsigned char);
p = blob;
PUT_32BIT(p, dlen);
p += 4;
for (i = dlen; i--;)
*p++ = bignum_byte(rsa->private_exponent, i);
PUT_32BIT(p, plen);
p += 4;
for (i = plen; i--;)
*p++ = bignum_byte(rsa->p, i);
PUT_32BIT(p, qlen);
p += 4;
for (i = qlen; i--;)
*p++ = bignum_byte(rsa->q, i);
PUT_32BIT(p, ulen);
p += 4;
for (i = ulen; i--;)
*p++ = bignum_byte(rsa->iqmp, i);
assert(p == blob + bloblen);
*len = bloblen;
return blob;
}
static void *rsa2_createkey(unsigned char *pub_blob, int pub_len,
unsigned char *priv_blob, int priv_len)
{
struct RSAKey *rsa;
char *pb = (char *) priv_blob;
rsa = rsa2_newkey((char *) pub_blob, pub_len);
rsa->private_exponent = getmp(&pb, &priv_len);
rsa->p = getmp(&pb, &priv_len);
rsa->q = getmp(&pb, &priv_len);
rsa->iqmp = getmp(&pb, &priv_len);
if (!rsa_verify(rsa)) {
rsa2_freekey(rsa);
return NULL;
}
return rsa;
}
static void *rsa2_openssh_createkey(unsigned char **blob, int *len)
{
char **b = (char **) blob;
struct RSAKey *rsa;
rsa = snew(struct RSAKey);
if (!rsa)
return NULL;
rsa->comment = NULL;
rsa->modulus = getmp(b, len);
rsa->exponent = getmp(b, len);
rsa->private_exponent = getmp(b, len);
rsa->iqmp = getmp(b, len);
rsa->p = getmp(b, len);
rsa->q = getmp(b, len);
if (!rsa->modulus || !rsa->exponent || !rsa->private_exponent ||
!rsa->iqmp || !rsa->p || !rsa->q) {
sfree(rsa->modulus);
sfree(rsa->exponent);
sfree(rsa->private_exponent);
sfree(rsa->iqmp);
sfree(rsa->p);
sfree(rsa->q);
sfree(rsa);
return NULL;
}
return rsa;
}
static int rsa2_openssh_fmtkey(void *key, unsigned char *blob, int len)
{
struct RSAKey *rsa = (struct RSAKey *) key;
int bloblen, i;
bloblen =
ssh2_bignum_length(rsa->modulus) +
ssh2_bignum_length(rsa->exponent) +
ssh2_bignum_length(rsa->private_exponent) +
ssh2_bignum_length(rsa->iqmp) +
ssh2_bignum_length(rsa->p) + ssh2_bignum_length(rsa->q);
if (bloblen > len)
return bloblen;
bloblen = 0;
#define ENC(x) \
PUT_32BIT(blob+bloblen, ssh2_bignum_length((x))-4); bloblen += 4; \
for (i = ssh2_bignum_length((x))-4; i-- ;) blob[bloblen++]=bignum_byte((x),i);
ENC(rsa->modulus);
ENC(rsa->exponent);
ENC(rsa->private_exponent);
ENC(rsa->iqmp);
ENC(rsa->p);
ENC(rsa->q);
return bloblen;
}
static char *rsa2_fingerprint(void *key)
{
struct RSAKey *rsa = (struct RSAKey *) key;
struct MD5Context md5c;
unsigned char digest[16], lenbuf[4];
char buffer[16 * 3 + 40];
char *ret;
int numlen, i;
MD5Init(&md5c);
MD5Update(&md5c, (unsigned char *)"\0\0\0\7ssh-rsa", 11);
#define ADD_BIGNUM(bignum) \
numlen = (bignum_bitcount(bignum)+8)/8; \
PUT_32BIT(lenbuf, numlen); MD5Update(&md5c, lenbuf, 4); \
for (i = numlen; i-- ;) { \
unsigned char c = bignum_byte(bignum, i); \
MD5Update(&md5c, &c, 1); \
}
ADD_BIGNUM(rsa->exponent);
ADD_BIGNUM(rsa->modulus);
#undef ADD_BIGNUM
MD5Final(digest, &md5c);
sprintf(buffer, "ssh-rsa %d ", bignum_bitcount(rsa->modulus));
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
sprintf(buffer + strlen(buffer), "%s%02x", i ? ":" : "",
digest[i]);
ret = snewn(strlen(buffer) + 1, char);
if (ret)
strcpy(ret, buffer);
return ret;
}
/*
* This is the magic ASN.1/DER prefix that goes in the decoded
* signature, between the string of FFs and the actual SHA hash
* value. The meaning of it is:
*
* 00 -- this marks the end of the FFs; not part of the ASN.1 bit itself
*
* 30 21 -- a constructed SEQUENCE of length 0x21
* 30 09 -- a constructed sub-SEQUENCE of length 9
* 06 05 -- an object identifier, length 5
* 2B 0E 03 02 1A -- object id { 1 3 14 3 2 26 }
* (the 1,3 comes from 0x2B = 43 = 40*1+3)
* 05 00 -- NULL
* 04 14 -- a primitive OCTET STRING of length 0x14
* [0x14 bytes of hash data follows]
*
* The object id in the middle there is listed as `id-sha1' in
* ftp://ftp.rsasecurity.com/pub/pkcs/pkcs-1/pkcs-1v2-1d2.asn (the
* ASN module for PKCS #1) and its expanded form is as follows:
*
* id-sha1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
* iso(1) identified-organization(3) oiw(14) secsig(3)
* algorithms(2) 26 }
*/
static const unsigned char asn1_weird_stuff[] = {
0x00, 0x30, 0x21, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x05, 0x2B,
0x0E, 0x03, 0x02, 0x1A, 0x05, 0x00, 0x04, 0x14,
};
#define ASN1_LEN ( (int) sizeof(asn1_weird_stuff) )
static int rsa2_verifysig(void *key, char *sig, int siglen,
char *data, int datalen)
{
struct RSAKey *rsa = (struct RSAKey *) key;
Bignum in, out;
char *p;
int slen;
int bytes, i, j, ret;
unsigned char hash[20];
getstring(&sig, &siglen, &p, &slen);
if (!p || slen != 7 || memcmp(p, "ssh-rsa", 7)) {
return 0;
}
in = getmp(&sig, &siglen);
out = modpow(in, rsa->exponent, rsa->modulus);
freebn(in);
ret = 1;
bytes = bignum_bitcount(rsa->modulus) / 8;
/* Top (partial) byte should be zero. */
if (bignum_byte(out, bytes - 1) != 0)
ret = 0;
/* First whole byte should be 1. */
if (bignum_byte(out, bytes - 2) != 1)
ret = 0;
/* Most of the rest should be FF. */
for (i = bytes - 3; i >= 20 + ASN1_LEN; i--) {
if (bignum_byte(out, i) != 0xFF)
ret = 0;
}
/* Then we expect to see the asn1_weird_stuff. */
for (i = 20 + ASN1_LEN - 1, j = 0; i >= 20; i--, j++) {
if (bignum_byte(out, i) != asn1_weird_stuff[j])
ret = 0;
}
/* Finally, we expect to see the SHA-1 hash of the signed data. */
SHA_Simple(data, datalen, hash);
for (i = 19, j = 0; i >= 0; i--, j++) {
if (bignum_byte(out, i) != hash[j])
ret = 0;
}
freebn(out);
return ret;
}
static unsigned char *rsa2_sign(void *key, char *data, int datalen,
int *siglen)
{
struct RSAKey *rsa = (struct RSAKey *) key;
unsigned char *bytes;
int nbytes;
unsigned char hash[20];
Bignum in, out;
int i, j;
SHA_Simple(data, datalen, hash);
nbytes = (bignum_bitcount(rsa->modulus) - 1) / 8;
bytes = snewn(nbytes, unsigned char);
bytes[0] = 1;
for (i = 1; i < nbytes - 20 - ASN1_LEN; i++)
bytes[i] = 0xFF;
for (i = nbytes - 20 - ASN1_LEN, j = 0; i < nbytes - 20; i++, j++)
bytes[i] = asn1_weird_stuff[j];
for (i = nbytes - 20, j = 0; i < nbytes; i++, j++)
bytes[i] = hash[j];
in = bignum_from_bytes(bytes, nbytes);
sfree(bytes);
out = rsa_privkey_op(in, rsa);
freebn(in);
nbytes = (bignum_bitcount(out) + 7) / 8;
bytes = snewn(4 + 7 + 4 + nbytes, unsigned char);
PUT_32BIT(bytes, 7);
memcpy(bytes + 4, "ssh-rsa", 7);
PUT_32BIT(bytes + 4 + 7, nbytes);
for (i = 0; i < nbytes; i++)
bytes[4 + 7 + 4 + i] = bignum_byte(out, nbytes - 1 - i);
freebn(out);
*siglen = 4 + 7 + 4 + nbytes;
return bytes;
}
const struct ssh_signkey ssh_rsa = {
rsa2_newkey,
rsa2_freekey,
rsa2_fmtkey,
rsa2_public_blob,
rsa2_private_blob,
rsa2_createkey,
rsa2_openssh_createkey,
rsa2_openssh_fmtkey,
rsa2_fingerprint,
rsa2_verifysig,
rsa2_sign,
"ssh-rsa",
"rsa2"
};
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