ruby/lib/prism/pattern.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

module Prism
  # A pattern is an object that wraps a Ruby pattern matching expression. The
  # expression would normally be passed to an `in` clause within a `case`
  # expression or a rightward assignment expression. For example, in the
  # following snippet:
  #
  #     case node
  #     in ConstantPathNode[ConstantReadNode[name: :Prism], ConstantReadNode[name: :Pattern]]
  #     end
  #
  # the pattern is the <tt>ConstantPathNode[...]</tt> expression.
  #
  # The pattern gets compiled into an object that responds to #call by running
  # the #compile method. This method itself will run back through Prism to
  # parse the expression into a tree, then walk the tree to generate the
  # necessary callable objects. For example, if you wanted to compile the
  # expression above into a callable, you would:
  #
  #     callable = Prism::Pattern.new("ConstantPathNode[ConstantReadNode[name: :Prism], ConstantReadNode[name: :Pattern]]").compile
  #     callable.call(node)
  #
  # The callable object returned by #compile is guaranteed to respond to #call
  # with a single argument, which is the node to match against. It also is
  # guaranteed to respond to #===, which means it itself can be used in a `case`
  # expression, as in:
  #
  #     case node
  #     when callable
  #     end
  #
  # If the query given to the initializer cannot be compiled into a valid
  # matcher (either because of a syntax error or because it is using syntax we
  # do not yet support) then a Prism::Pattern::CompilationError will be
  # raised.
  class Pattern
    # Raised when the query given to a pattern is either invalid Ruby syntax or
    # is using syntax that we don't yet support.
    class CompilationError < StandardError
      # Create a new CompilationError with the given representation of the node
      # that caused the error.
      def initialize(repr)
        super(<<~ERROR)
          prism was unable to compile the pattern you provided into a usable
          expression. It failed on to understand the node represented by:

          #{repr}

          Note that not all syntax supported by Ruby's pattern matching syntax
          is also supported by prism's patterns. If you're using some syntax
          that you believe should be supported, please open an issue on
          GitHub at https://github.com/ruby/prism/issues/new.
        ERROR
      end
    end

    # The query that this pattern was initialized with.
    attr_reader :query

    # Create a new pattern with the given query. The query should be a string
    # containing a Ruby pattern matching expression.
    def initialize(query)
      @query = query
      @compiled = nil
    end

    # Compile the query into a callable object that can be used to match against
    # nodes.
    def compile
      result = Prism.parse("case nil\nin #{query}\nend")

      case_match_node = result.value.statements.body.last
      raise CompilationError, case_match_node.inspect unless case_match_node.is_a?(CaseMatchNode)

      in_node = case_match_node.conditions.last
      raise CompilationError, in_node.inspect unless in_node.is_a?(InNode)

      compile_node(in_node.pattern)
    end

    # Scan the given node and all of its children for nodes that match the
    # pattern. If a block is given, it will be called with each node that
    # matches the pattern. If no block is given, an enumerator will be returned
    # that will yield each node that matches the pattern.
    def scan(root)
      return to_enum(:scan, root) unless block_given?

      @compiled ||= compile
      queue = [root]

      while (node = queue.shift)
        yield node if @compiled.call(node) # steep:ignore
        queue.concat(node.compact_child_nodes)
      end
    end

    private

    # Shortcut for combining two procs into one that returns true if both return
    # true.
    def combine_and(left, right)
      ->(other) { left.call(other) && right.call(other) }
    end

    # Shortcut for combining two procs into one that returns true if either
    # returns true.
    def combine_or(left, right)
      ->(other) { left.call(other) || right.call(other) }
    end

    # Raise an error because the given node is not supported.
    def compile_error(node)
      raise CompilationError, node.inspect
    end

    # in [foo, bar, baz]
    def compile_array_pattern_node(node)
      compile_error(node) if !node.rest.nil? || node.posts.any?

      constant = node.constant
      compiled_constant = compile_node(constant) if constant

      preprocessed = node.requireds.map { |required| compile_node(required) }

      compiled_requireds = ->(other) do
        deconstructed = other.deconstruct

        deconstructed.length == preprocessed.length &&
          preprocessed
            .zip(deconstructed)
            .all? { |(matcher, value)| matcher.call(value) }
      end

      if compiled_constant
        combine_and(compiled_constant, compiled_requireds)
      else
        compiled_requireds
      end
    end

    # in foo | bar
    def compile_alternation_pattern_node(node)
      combine_or(compile_node(node.left), compile_node(node.right))
    end

    # in Prism::ConstantReadNode
    def compile_constant_path_node(node)
      parent = node.parent

      if parent.is_a?(ConstantReadNode) && parent.slice == "Prism"
        name = node.name
        raise CompilationError, node.inspect if name.nil?

        compile_constant_name(node, name)
      else
        compile_error(node)
      end
    end

    # in ConstantReadNode
    # in String
    def compile_constant_read_node(node)
      compile_constant_name(node, node.name)
    end

    # Compile a name associated with a constant.
    def compile_constant_name(node, name)
      if Prism.const_defined?(name, false)
        clazz = Prism.const_get(name)

        ->(other) { clazz === other }
      elsif Object.const_defined?(name, false)
        clazz = Object.const_get(name)

        ->(other) { clazz === other }
      else
        compile_error(node)
      end
    end

    # in InstanceVariableReadNode[name: Symbol]
    # in { name: Symbol }
    def compile_hash_pattern_node(node)
      compile_error(node) if node.rest
      compiled_constant = compile_node(node.constant) if node.constant

      preprocessed =
        node.elements.to_h do |element|
          key = element.key
          if key.is_a?(SymbolNode)
            [key.unescaped.to_sym, compile_node(element.value)]
          else
            raise CompilationError, element.inspect
          end
        end

      compiled_keywords = ->(other) do
        deconstructed = other.deconstruct_keys(preprocessed.keys)

        preprocessed.all? do |keyword, matcher|
          deconstructed.key?(keyword) && matcher.call(deconstructed[keyword])
        end
      end

      if compiled_constant
        combine_and(compiled_constant, compiled_keywords)
      else
        compiled_keywords
      end
    end

    # in nil
    def compile_nil_node(node)
      ->(attribute) { attribute.nil? }
    end

    # in /foo/
    def compile_regular_expression_node(node)
      regexp = Regexp.new(node.unescaped, node.closing[1..])

      ->(attribute) { regexp === attribute }
    end

    # in ""
    # in "foo"
    def compile_string_node(node)
      string = node.unescaped

      ->(attribute) { string === attribute }
    end

    # in :+
    # in :foo
    def compile_symbol_node(node)
      symbol = node.unescaped.to_sym

      ->(attribute) { symbol === attribute }
    end

    # Compile any kind of node. Dispatch out to the individual compilation
    # methods based on the type of node.
    def compile_node(node)
      case node
      when AlternationPatternNode
        compile_alternation_pattern_node(node)
      when ArrayPatternNode
        compile_array_pattern_node(node)
      when ConstantPathNode
        compile_constant_path_node(node)
      when ConstantReadNode
        compile_constant_read_node(node)
      when HashPatternNode
        compile_hash_pattern_node(node)
      when NilNode
        compile_nil_node(node)
      when RegularExpressionNode
        compile_regular_expression_node(node)
      when StringNode
        compile_string_node(node)
      when SymbolNode
        compile_symbol_node(node)
      else
        compile_error(node)
      end
    end
  end
end