ruby/time.c

/**********************************************************************

  time.c -

  $Author$
  $Date$
  created at: Tue Dec 28 14:31:59 JST 1993

  Copyright (C) 1993-2002 Yukihiro Matsumoto

**********************************************************************/

#include "ruby.h"
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <time.h>
#ifndef NT
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
# include <sys/time.h>
#else
#define time_t long
struct timeval {
        time_t tv_sec;		/* seconds */
        time_t tv_usec;		/* and microseconds */
};
#endif
#endif /* NT */

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#include <math.h>

VALUE rb_cTime;

struct time_object {
    struct timeval tv;
    struct tm tm;
    int gmt;
    int tm_got;
};

#define GetTimeval(obj, tobj) \
    Data_Get_Struct(obj, struct time_object, tobj)

static void time_free _((struct time_object *));

static void
time_free(tobj)
    struct time_object *tobj;
{
    if (tobj) free(tobj);
}

static VALUE
time_s_alloc(klass)
    VALUE klass;
{
    VALUE obj;
    struct time_object *tobj;

    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, struct time_object, 0, time_free, tobj);
    tobj->tm_got=0;
    if (gettimeofday(&tobj->tv, 0) < 0) {
	rb_sys_fail("gettimeofday");
    }

    return obj;
}

static VALUE
time_s_now(klass)
    VALUE klass;
{
    return rb_obj_alloc(klass);
}


#define NDIV(x,y) (-(-((x)+1)/(y))-1)
#define NMOD(x,y) ((y)-(-((x)+1)%(y))-1)

static VALUE
time_new_internal(klass, sec, usec)
    VALUE klass;
    time_t sec, usec;
{
    VALUE obj;
    time_t tmp;
    struct time_object *tobj;

    if (usec >= 1000000) {	/* usec positive overflow */
	tmp = sec + usec / 1000000;
	usec %= 1000000;
	if (sec > 0 && tmp < 0) {
	    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "out of Time range");
	}
	sec = tmp;
    }
    if (usec < 0) {		/* usec negative overflow */
	tmp = sec + NDIV(usec,1000000); /* negative div */
	usec = NMOD(usec,1000000);      /* negative mod */
	if (sec < 0 && tmp > 0) {
	    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "out of Time range");
	}
	sec = tmp;
    }
#ifndef NEGATIVE_TIME_T
    if (sec < 0 || (sec == 0 && usec < 0))
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "time must be positive");
#endif

    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, struct time_object, 0, time_free, tobj);
    tobj->tm_got = 0;
    tobj->tv.tv_sec = sec;
    tobj->tv.tv_usec = usec;

    return obj;
}

VALUE
rb_time_new(sec, usec)
    time_t sec, usec;
{
    return time_new_internal(rb_cTime, sec, usec);
}

static struct timeval
time_timeval(time, interval)
    VALUE time;
    int interval;
{
    struct timeval t;
    char *tstr = interval ? "time interval" : "time";

#ifndef NEGATIVE_TIME_T
    interval = 1;
#endif

    switch (TYPE(time)) {
      case T_FIXNUM:
	t.tv_sec = FIX2LONG(time);
	if (interval && t.tv_sec < 0)
	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "%s must be positive", tstr);
	t.tv_usec = 0;
	break;

      case T_FLOAT:
	if (interval && RFLOAT(time)->value < 0.0)
	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "%s must be positive", tstr);
	else {
	    double f, d;

	    d = modf(RFLOAT(time)->value, &f);
	    t.tv_sec = (time_t)f;
	    if (f != t.tv_sec) {
		rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%f out of Time range", RFLOAT(time)->value);
	    }
	    t.tv_usec = (time_t)(d*1e6);
	}
	break;

      case T_BIGNUM:
	t.tv_sec = NUM2LONG(time);
	if (interval && t.tv_sec < 0)
	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "%s must be positive", tstr);
	t.tv_usec = 0;
	break;

      default:
	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't convert %s into %s",
		 rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(time)), tstr);
	break;
    }
    return t;
}

struct timeval
rb_time_interval(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    return time_timeval(time, Qtrue);
}

struct timeval
rb_time_timeval(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    struct timeval t;

    if (TYPE(time) == T_DATA && RDATA(time)->dfree == time_free) {
	GetTimeval(time, tobj);
	t = tobj->tv;
	return t;
    }
    return time_timeval(time, Qfalse);
}

static VALUE
time_s_at(argc, argv, klass)
    int argc;
    VALUE *argv;
    VALUE klass;
{
    struct timeval tv;
    VALUE time, t;

    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &time, &t) == 2) {
	tv.tv_sec = NUM2LONG(time);
	tv.tv_usec = NUM2LONG(t);
    }
    else {
	tv = rb_time_timeval(time);
    }
    t = time_new_internal(klass, tv.tv_sec, tv.tv_usec);
    if (TYPE(time) == T_DATA && RDATA(time)->dfree == time_free) {
	struct time_object *tobj, *tobj2;

	GetTimeval(time, tobj);
	GetTimeval(t, tobj2);
	tobj2->gmt = tobj->gmt;
    }
    return t;
}

static char *months [12] = {
    "jan", "feb", "mar", "apr", "may", "jun",
    "jul", "aug", "sep", "oct", "nov", "dec",
};

static long
obj2long(obj)
    VALUE obj;
{
    if (TYPE(obj) == T_STRING) {
	obj = rb_str_to_inum(obj, 10, Qfalse);
    }

    return NUM2LONG(obj);
}

static void
time_arg(argc, argv, tm, usec)
    int argc;
    VALUE *argv;
    struct tm *tm;
    time_t *usec;
{
    VALUE v[7];
    int i;
    long year;

    MEMZERO(tm, struct tm, 1);
    if (argc == 10) {
	v[0] = argv[5];
	v[1] = argv[4];
	v[2] = argv[3];
	v[3] = argv[2];
	v[4] = argv[1];
	v[5] = argv[0];
	*usec = 0;
	tm->tm_isdst = RTEST(argv[8]) ? 1 : 0;
    }
    else {
	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "16", &v[0],&v[1],&v[2],&v[3],&v[4],&v[5],&v[6]);
	*usec = NIL_P(v[6]) ? 0 : obj2long(v[6]);
	tm->tm_isdst = -1;
    }

    year = obj2long(v[0]);

    if (0 <= year && year < 39) {
	year += 100;
	rb_warning("2 digits year is used");
    }
    else if (69 <= year && year < 139) {
	rb_warning("2 or 3 digits year is used");
    }
    else {
	year -= 1900;
    }

    tm->tm_year = year;

    if (NIL_P(v[1])) {
	tm->tm_mon = 0;
    }
    else if (TYPE(v[1]) == T_STRING) {
	tm->tm_mon = -1;
	for (i=0; i<12; i++) {
	    if (RSTRING(v[1])->len == 3 &&
		strcasecmp(months[i], RSTRING(v[1])->ptr) == 0) {
		tm->tm_mon = i;
		break;
	    }
	}
	if (tm->tm_mon == -1) {
	    char c = RSTRING(v[1])->ptr[0];

	    if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') {
		tm->tm_mon = obj2long(v[1])-1;
	    }
	}
    }
    else {
	tm->tm_mon = obj2long(v[1]) - 1;
    }
    if (NIL_P(v[2])) {
	tm->tm_mday = 1;
    }
    else {
	tm->tm_mday = obj2long(v[2]);
    }
    tm->tm_hour = NIL_P(v[3])?0:obj2long(v[3]);
    tm->tm_min  = NIL_P(v[4])?0:obj2long(v[4]);
    tm->tm_sec  = NIL_P(v[5])?0:obj2long(v[5]);

    /* value validation */
    if (
           tm->tm_year != year ||
#ifndef NEGATIVE_TIME_T
           tm->tm_year < 69 ||
#endif
	   tm->tm_mon  < 0 || tm->tm_mon  > 11
	|| tm->tm_mday < 1 || tm->tm_mday > 31
	|| tm->tm_hour < 0 || tm->tm_hour > 23
	|| tm->tm_min  < 0 || tm->tm_min  > 59
	|| tm->tm_sec  < 0 || tm->tm_sec  > 60)
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "argument out of range");
}

static VALUE time_gmtime _((VALUE));
static VALUE time_localtime _((VALUE));
static VALUE time_get_tm _((VALUE, int));

#if !defined HAVE_TIMEGM
static int
tmcmp(a, b)
    struct tm *a;
    struct tm *b;
{
    if (a->tm_year != b->tm_year)
        return a->tm_year < b->tm_year ? -1 : 1;
    else if (a->tm_mon != b->tm_mon)
        return a->tm_mon < b->tm_mon ? -1 : 1;
    else if (a->tm_mday != b->tm_mday)
        return a->tm_mday < b->tm_mday ? -1 : 1;
    else if (a->tm_hour != b->tm_hour)
        return a->tm_hour < b->tm_hour ? -1 : 1;
    else if (a->tm_min != b->tm_min)
        return a->tm_min < b->tm_min ? -1 : 1;
    else if (a->tm_sec != b->tm_sec)
        return a->tm_sec < b->tm_sec ? -1 : 1;
    else
        return 0;
}

static time_t
search_time_t(tptr, utc_p)
    struct tm *tptr;
    int utc_p;
{
    time_t guess, guess_lo, guess_hi;
    struct tm *tm, tm_lo, tm_hi;
    int d, have_guess;
    int find_dst;

    find_dst = 0 < tptr->tm_isdst;

#ifdef NEGATIVE_TIME_T
    guess_lo = 1L << (8 * sizeof(time_t) - 1);
#else
    guess_lo = 0;
#endif
    guess_hi = ((time_t)-1) < ((time_t)0) ?
               (1UL << (8 * sizeof(time_t) - 1)) - 1 :
	       ~(time_t)0;

    tm = (utc_p ? gmtime : localtime)(&guess_lo);
    if (!tm) goto error;
    d = tmcmp(tptr, tm);
    if (d < 0) goto out_of_range;
    if (d == 0) return guess_lo;
    tm_lo = *tm;

    tm = (utc_p ? gmtime : localtime)(&guess_hi);
    if (!tm) goto error;
    d = tmcmp(tptr, tm);
    if (d > 0) goto out_of_range;
    if (d == 0) return guess_hi;
    tm_hi = *tm;

    have_guess = 0;

    while (guess_lo + 1 < guess_hi) {
      /* there is a gap between guess_lo and guess_hi. */
      unsigned long range = 0;
      if (!have_guess) {
	int a, b;
	/*
	  Try precious guess by a linear interpolation at first.
	  `a' and `b' is a coefficient of guess_lo and guess_hi as:

	    guess = (guess_lo * a + guess_hi * b) / (a + b)

	  However this causes overflow in most cases, following assignment
	  is used instead:

	    guess = guess_lo / d * a + (guess_lo % d) * a / d
		  + guess_hi / d * b + (guess_hi % d) * b / d
	      where d = a + b

	  To avoid overflow in this assignment, `d' is restricted to less than
	  sqrt(2**31).  By this restriction and other reasons, the guess is
	  not accurate and some error is expected.  `range' approximates 
	  the maximum error.

	  When these parameters are not suitable, i.e. guess is not within
	  guess_lo and guess_hi, simple guess by binary search is used.
	*/
	range = 366 * 24 * 60 * 60;
	a = (tm_hi.tm_year - tptr->tm_year);
	b = (tptr->tm_year - tm_lo.tm_year);
	/* 46000 is selected as `some big number less than sqrt(2**31)'. */
	if (a + b <= 46000 / 12) {
	  range = 31 * 24 * 60 * 60;
	  a *= 12;
	  b *= 12;
	  a += tm_hi.tm_mon - tptr->tm_mon;
	  b += tptr->tm_mon - tm_lo.tm_mon;
	  if (a + b <= 46000 / 31) {
	    range = 24 * 60 * 60;
	    a *= 31;
	    b *= 31;
	    a += tm_hi.tm_mday - tptr->tm_mday;
	    b += tptr->tm_mday - tm_lo.tm_mday;
	    if (a + b <= 46000 / 24) {
	      range = 60 * 60;
	      a *= 24;
	      b *= 24;
	      a += tm_hi.tm_hour - tptr->tm_hour;
	      b += tptr->tm_hour - tm_lo.tm_hour;
	      if (a + b <= 46000 / 60) {
		range = 60;
		a *= 60;
		b *= 60;
		a += tm_hi.tm_min - tptr->tm_min;
		b += tptr->tm_min - tm_lo.tm_min;
		if (a + b <= 46000 / 60) {
		  range = 1;
		  a *= 60;
		  b *= 60;
		  a += tm_hi.tm_sec - tptr->tm_sec;
		  b += tptr->tm_sec - tm_lo.tm_sec;
		}
	      }
	    }
	  }
	}
	if (a <= 0) a = 1;
	if (b <= 0) b = 1;
	d = a + b;
	/*
	  Although `/' and `%' may produce unexpected result with negative
	  argument, it doesn't cause serious problem because there is a
	  fail safe.
	*/
	guess = guess_lo / d * a + (guess_lo % d) * a / d
	      + guess_hi / d * b + (guess_hi % d) * b / d;
	have_guess = 1;
      }

      if (guess <= guess_lo || guess_hi <= guess) {
	/* Precious guess is invalid. try binary search. */ 
	guess = guess_lo / 2 + guess_hi / 2;
	if (guess <= guess_lo)
	  guess = guess_lo + 1;
	else if (guess >= guess_hi)
	  guess = guess_hi - 1;
	range = 0;
      }

      tm = (utc_p ? gmtime : localtime)(&guess);
      if (!tm) goto error;
      have_guess = 0;

      d = tmcmp(tptr, tm);
      if (d < 0) {
        guess_hi = guess;
	tm_hi = *tm;
	if (range) {
	  guess = guess - range;
	  range = 0;
	  if (guess_lo < guess && guess < guess_hi)
	    have_guess = 1;
	}
      }
      else if (d > 0) {
        guess_lo = guess;
	tm_lo = *tm;
	if (range) {
	  guess = guess + range;
	  range = 0;
	  if (guess_lo < guess && guess < guess_hi)
	    have_guess = 1;
	}
      }
      else {
	if (!utc_p) {
	  /* If localtime is nonmonotonic, another result may exist. */
	  time_t guess2;
	  if (find_dst) {
	    guess2 = guess - 2 * 60 * 60;
	    tm = localtime(&guess2);
	    if (tm) {
	      if (tptr->tm_hour != (tm->tm_hour + 2) % 24 ||
		  tptr->tm_min != tm->tm_min ||
		  tptr->tm_sec != tm->tm_sec) {
		guess2 -= (tm->tm_hour - tptr->tm_hour) * 60 * 60 +
			  (tm->tm_min - tptr->tm_min) * 60 +
			  (tm->tm_sec - tptr->tm_sec);
		if (tptr->tm_mday != tm->tm_mday)
		  guess2 += 24 * 60 * 60;
		if (guess != guess2) {
		  tm = localtime(&guess2);
		  if (tmcmp(tptr, tm) == 0) {
		    if (guess < guess2)
		      return guess;
		    else
		      return guess2;
		  }
		}
	      }
	    }
	  }
	  else {
	    guess2 = guess + 2 * 60 * 60;
	    tm = localtime(&guess2);
	    if (tm) {
	      if ((tptr->tm_hour + 2) % 24 != tm->tm_hour ||
		  tptr->tm_min != tm->tm_min ||
		  tptr->tm_sec != tm->tm_sec) {
		guess2 -= (tm->tm_hour - tptr->tm_hour) * 60 * 60 +
			  (tm->tm_min - tptr->tm_min) * 60 +
			  (tm->tm_sec - tptr->tm_sec);
		if (tptr->tm_mday != tm->tm_mday)
		  guess2 -= 24 * 60 * 60;
		if (guess != guess2) {
		  tm = localtime(&guess2);
		  if (tmcmp(tptr, tm) == 0) {
		    if (guess < guess2)
		      return guess2;
		    else
		      return guess;
		  }
		}
	      }
	    }
	  }
	}
	return guess;
      }
    }
    /* Given argument has no corresponding time_t. Let's outerpolation. */
    if (tm_lo.tm_year == tptr->tm_year && tm_lo.tm_mon == tptr->tm_mon) {
      return guess_lo +
        (tptr->tm_mday - tm_lo.tm_mday) * 24 * 60 * 60 +
        (tptr->tm_hour - tm_lo.tm_hour) * 60 * 60 +
        (tptr->tm_min - tm_lo.tm_min) * 60 +
        (tptr->tm_sec - tm_lo.tm_sec);
    }
    else if (tm_hi.tm_year == tptr->tm_year && tm_hi.tm_mon == tptr->tm_mon) {
      return guess_hi +
        (tptr->tm_mday - tm_hi.tm_mday) * 24 * 60 * 60 +
        (tptr->tm_hour - tm_hi.tm_hour) * 60 * 60 +
        (tptr->tm_min - tm_hi.tm_min) * 60 +
        (tptr->tm_sec - tm_hi.tm_sec);
    }

  out_of_range:
    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "time out of range");

  error:
    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "gmtime/localtime error");
    return 0;			/* not reached */
}
#endif

static time_t
make_time_t(tptr, utc_p)
    struct tm *tptr;
    int utc_p;
{
    time_t t;
    struct tm *tmp, buf;
    buf = *tptr;
    if (utc_p) {
#if defined(HAVE_TIMEGM)
	t = timegm(&buf);
	if (t == -1) {
#ifdef NEGATIVE_TIME_T
	    if (!(tmp = gmtime(&t)) ||
	        tptr->tm_year != tmp->tm_year ||
		tptr->tm_mon != tmp->tm_mon ||
		tptr->tm_mday != tmp->tm_mday ||
		tptr->tm_hour != tmp->tm_hour ||
		tptr->tm_min != tmp->tm_min ||
		tptr->tm_sec != tmp->tm_sec)
#endif
	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "gmtime error");
        }
#else
	t = search_time_t(&buf, utc_p);
#endif
    }
    else {
#if defined(HAVE_MKTIME)
	t = mktime(&buf);
	if (t == -1) {
#ifdef NEGATIVE_TIME_T
	    if (!(tmp = localtime(&t)) ||
	        tptr->tm_year != tmp->tm_year ||
		tptr->tm_mon != tmp->tm_mon ||
		tptr->tm_mday != tmp->tm_mday ||
		tptr->tm_hour != tmp->tm_hour ||
		tptr->tm_min != tmp->tm_min ||
		tptr->tm_sec != tmp->tm_sec)
#endif
	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "localtime error");
        }
#else
	t = search_time_t(&buf, utc_p);
#endif
    }
    return t;
}

static VALUE
time_utc_or_local(argc, argv, utc_p, klass)
    int argc;
    VALUE *argv;
    int utc_p;
    VALUE klass;
{
    struct tm tm;
    VALUE time;
    time_t usec;

    time_arg(argc, argv, &tm, &usec);
    time = time_new_internal(klass, make_time_t(&tm, utc_p), usec);
    if (utc_p) return time_gmtime(time);
    return time_localtime(time);
}

static VALUE
time_s_mkutc(argc, argv, klass)
    int argc;
    VALUE *argv;
    VALUE klass;
{
    return time_utc_or_local(argc, argv, Qtrue, klass);
}

static VALUE
time_s_mktime(argc, argv, klass)
    int argc;
    VALUE *argv;
    VALUE klass;
{
    return time_utc_or_local(argc, argv, Qfalse, klass);
}

static VALUE
time_to_i(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    return LONG2NUM(tobj->tv.tv_sec);
}

static VALUE
time_to_f(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    return rb_float_new((double)tobj->tv.tv_sec+(double)tobj->tv.tv_usec/1e6);
}

static VALUE
time_usec(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    return LONG2NUM(tobj->tv.tv_usec);
}

static VALUE
time_cmp(time1, time2)
    VALUE time1, time2;
{
    struct time_object *tobj1, *tobj2;
    long i;

    GetTimeval(time1, tobj1);
    switch (TYPE(time2)) {
      case T_FIXNUM:
	i = FIX2LONG(time2);
	if (tobj1->tv.tv_sec == i) {
	    if (tobj1->tv.tv_usec == 0)
		return INT2FIX(0);
	    if (tobj1->tv.tv_usec > 0)
		return INT2FIX(1);
	    return INT2FIX(-1);
	}
	if (tobj1->tv.tv_sec > i) return INT2FIX(1);
	return INT2FIX(-1);
	
      case T_FLOAT:
	return rb_dbl_cmp((double)tobj1->tv.tv_sec + (double)tobj1->tv.tv_usec*1e-6,
			  RFLOAT(time2)->value);
    }

    if (TYPE(time2) == T_DATA && RDATA(time2)->dfree == time_free) {
	GetTimeval(time2, tobj2);
	if (tobj1->tv.tv_sec == tobj2->tv.tv_sec) {
	    if (tobj1->tv.tv_usec == tobj2->tv.tv_usec) return INT2FIX(0);
	    if (tobj1->tv.tv_usec > tobj2->tv.tv_usec) return INT2FIX(1);
	    return INT2FIX(-1);
	}
	if (tobj1->tv.tv_sec > tobj2->tv.tv_sec) return INT2FIX(1);
	return INT2FIX(-1);
    }
    if (TYPE(time2) == T_BIGNUM) {
	double a = (double)tobj1->tv.tv_sec+(double)tobj1->tv.tv_usec/1e6;
	double b = rb_big2dbl(time2);

	if (a == b) return INT2FIX(0);
	if (a > b) return INT2FIX(1);
	if (a < b) return INT2FIX(-1);
    }
    i = NUM2LONG(time2);
    if (tobj1->tv.tv_sec == i) {
	if (tobj1->tv.tv_usec == 0)
	    return INT2FIX(0);
	if (tobj1->tv.tv_usec > 0)
	    return INT2FIX(1);
	return INT2FIX(-1);
    }
    if (tobj1->tv.tv_sec > i) return INT2FIX(1);
    return INT2FIX(-1);
}

static VALUE
time_eql(time1, time2)
    VALUE time1, time2;
{
    struct time_object *tobj1, *tobj2;

    GetTimeval(time1, tobj1);
    if (TYPE(time2) == T_DATA && RDATA(time2)->dfree == time_free) {
	GetTimeval(time2, tobj2);
	if (tobj1->tv.tv_sec == tobj2->tv.tv_sec) {
	    if (tobj1->tv.tv_usec == tobj2->tv.tv_usec) return Qtrue;
	}
    }
    return Qfalse;
}

static VALUE
time_utc_p(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->gmt) return Qtrue;
    return Qfalse;
}

static VALUE
time_hash(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    long hash;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    hash = tobj->tv.tv_sec ^ tobj->tv.tv_usec;
    return LONG2FIX(hash);
}

static void
time_modify(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    rb_check_frozen(time);
    if (!OBJ_TAINTED(time) && rb_safe_level() >= 4)
	rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure: can't modify Time");
}

static VALUE
time_become(copy, time)
    VALUE copy, time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj, *tcopy;

    if (copy == time) return copy;
    time_modify(copy);
    if (TYPE(time) != T_DATA || RDATA(time)->dfree != time_free) {
	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type");
    }
    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    GetTimeval(copy, tcopy);
    MEMCPY(tcopy, tobj, struct time_object, 1);

    return copy;
}

static VALUE
time_dup(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    VALUE dup = time_s_alloc(rb_cTime);
    time_become(dup, time);
    return dup;
}

static VALUE
time_localtime(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    struct tm *tm_tmp;
    time_t t;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (!tobj->gmt) {
	if (tobj->tm_got)
	    return time;
    }
    else {
	time_modify(time);
    }
    t = tobj->tv.tv_sec;
    tm_tmp = localtime(&t);
    if (!tm_tmp)
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "localtime error");
    tobj->tm = *tm_tmp;
    tobj->tm_got = 1;
    tobj->gmt = 0;
    return time;
}

static VALUE
time_gmtime(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    struct tm *tm_tmp;
    time_t t;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->gmt) {
	if (tobj->tm_got)
	    return time;
    }
    else {
	time_modify(time);
    }
    t = tobj->tv.tv_sec;
    tm_tmp = gmtime(&t);
    if (!tm_tmp)
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "gmtime error");
    tobj->tm = *tm_tmp;
    tobj->tm_got = 1;
    tobj->gmt = 1;
    return time;
}

static VALUE
time_getlocaltime(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    return time_localtime(time_dup(time));
}

static VALUE
time_getgmtime(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    return time_gmtime(time_dup(time));
}

static VALUE
time_get_tm(time, gmt)
    VALUE time;
    int gmt;
{
    if (gmt) return time_gmtime(time);
    return time_localtime(time);
}

static VALUE
time_asctime(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    char *s;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->tm_got == 0) {
	time_get_tm(time, tobj->gmt);
    }
    s = asctime(&tobj->tm);
    if (s[24] == '\n') s[24] = '\0';

    return rb_str_new2(s);
}

static VALUE
time_to_s(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    char buf[128];
    int len;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->tm_got == 0) {
	time_get_tm(time, tobj->gmt);
    }
    if (tobj->gmt == 1) {
	len = strftime(buf, 128, "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S UTC %Y", &tobj->tm);
    }
    else {
	len = strftime(buf, 128, "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Z %Y", &tobj->tm);
    }
    return rb_str_new(buf, len);
}

static VALUE
time_plus(time1, time2)
    VALUE time1, time2;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    time_t sec, usec;
    double f, d, v;

    GetTimeval(time1, tobj);

    if (TYPE(time2) == T_DATA && RDATA(time2)->dfree == time_free) {
	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "time + time?");
    }
    v = NUM2DBL(time2);
    d = modf(v, &f);
    sec = (time_t)f;
    if (f != (double)sec) {
	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "time + %f out of Time range", v);
    }
#ifndef NEGATIVE_TIME_T
    if (f < 0 && -f >= tobj->tv.tv_sec) {
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "time must be positive");
    }
#endif
    usec = tobj->tv.tv_usec + (time_t)(d*1e6);
    sec = tobj->tv.tv_sec + (time_t)f;

#ifdef NEGATIVE_TIME_T
    if ((tobj->tv.tv_sec >= 0 && f >= 0 && sec < 0) ||
	(tobj->tv.tv_sec <= 0 && f <= 0 && sec > 0)) {
	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "time + %f out of Time range", v);
    }
#endif
    time2 = rb_time_new(sec, usec);
    if (tobj->gmt) {
	GetTimeval(time2, tobj);
	tobj->gmt = 1;
    }
    return time2;
}

static VALUE
time_minus(time1, time2)
    VALUE time1, time2;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    time_t sec, usec;
    double f, d, v;

    GetTimeval(time1, tobj);
    if (TYPE(time2) == T_DATA && RDATA(time2)->dfree == time_free) {
	struct time_object *tobj2;

	GetTimeval(time2, tobj2);
	f = (double)tobj->tv.tv_sec - (double)tobj2->tv.tv_sec;
	f += ((double)tobj->tv.tv_usec - (double)tobj2->tv.tv_usec)*1e-6;
	/* XXX: should check float overflow on 64bit time_t platforms */

	return rb_float_new(f);
    }
    v = NUM2DBL(time2);
    d = modf(v, &f);
    sec = (time_t)f;
    if (f != (double)sec) {
	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "time - %f out of Time range", v);
    }
#ifndef NEGATIVE_TIME_T
    if (f > 0 && f >= tobj->tv.tv_sec) {
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "time must be positive");
    }
#endif
    usec = tobj->tv.tv_usec - (time_t)(d*1e6);
    sec = tobj->tv.tv_sec - (time_t)f;
#ifdef NEGATIVE_TIME_T
    if ((tobj->tv.tv_sec <= 0 && f >= 0 && sec > 0) ||
	(tobj->tv.tv_sec >= 0 && f <= 0 && sec < 0)) {
	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "time - %f out of Time range", v);
    }
#endif

    time2 = rb_time_new(sec, usec);
    if (tobj->gmt) {
	GetTimeval(time2, tobj);
	tobj->gmt = 1;
    }
    return time2;
}

static VALUE
time_sec(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->tm_got == 0) {
	time_get_tm(time, tobj->gmt);
    }
    return INT2FIX(tobj->tm.tm_sec);
}

static VALUE
time_min(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->tm_got == 0) {
	time_get_tm(time, tobj->gmt);
    }
    return INT2FIX(tobj->tm.tm_min);
}

static VALUE
time_hour(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->tm_got == 0) {
	time_get_tm(time, tobj->gmt);
    }
    return INT2FIX(tobj->tm.tm_hour);
}

static VALUE
time_mday(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->tm_got == 0) {
	time_get_tm(time, tobj->gmt);
    }
    return INT2FIX(tobj->tm.tm_mday);
}

static VALUE
time_mon(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->tm_got == 0) {
	time_get_tm(time, tobj->gmt);
    }
    return INT2FIX(tobj->tm.tm_mon+1);
}

static VALUE
time_year(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->tm_got == 0) {
	time_get_tm(time, tobj->gmt);
    }
    return LONG2NUM((long)tobj->tm.tm_year+1900);
}

static VALUE
time_wday(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->tm_got == 0) {
	time_get_tm(time, tobj->gmt);
    }
    return INT2FIX(tobj->tm.tm_wday);
}

static VALUE
time_yday(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->tm_got == 0) {
	time_get_tm(time, tobj->gmt);
    }
    return INT2FIX(tobj->tm.tm_yday+1);
}

static VALUE
time_isdst(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->tm_got == 0) {
	time_get_tm(time, tobj->gmt);
    }
    return tobj->tm.tm_isdst?Qtrue:Qfalse;
}

static VALUE
time_zone(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
#if !defined(HAVE_TM_ZONE) && (!defined(HAVE_TZNAME) || !defined(HAVE_DAYLIGHT))
    char buf[64];
    int len;
#endif
    
    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->tm_got == 0) {
	time_get_tm(time, tobj->gmt);
    }

    if (tobj->gmt == 1) {
	return rb_str_new2("UTC");
    }
#if defined(HAVE_TM_ZONE)
    return rb_str_new2(tobj->tm.tm_zone);
#elif defined(HAVE_TZNAME) && defined(HAVE_DAYLIGHT)
    return rb_str_new2(tzname[daylight && tobj->tm.tm_isdst]);
#else
    len = strftime(buf, 64, "%Z", &tobj->tm);
    return rb_str_new(buf, len);
#endif
}

static VALUE
time_utc_offset(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->tm_got == 0) {
	time_get_tm(time, tobj->gmt);
    }

    if (tobj->gmt == 1) {
	return INT2FIX(0);
    }
    else {
#if defined(HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_GMTOFF)
	return INT2NUM(tobj->tm.tm_gmtoff);
#else
	struct tm *u, *l;
	time_t t;
	long off;
	l = &tobj->tm;
	t = tobj->tv.tv_sec;
	u = gmtime(&t);
	if (!u)
	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "gmtime error");
	if (l->tm_year != u->tm_year)
	    off = l->tm_year < u->tm_year ? -1 : 1;
	else if (l->tm_mon != u->tm_mon)
	    off = l->tm_mon < u->tm_mon ? -1 : 1;
	else if (l->tm_mday != u->tm_mday)
	    off = l->tm_mday < u->tm_mday ? -1 : 1;
	else
	    off = 0;
	off = off * 24 + l->tm_hour - u->tm_hour;
	off = off * 60 + l->tm_min - u->tm_min;
	off = off * 60 + l->tm_sec - u->tm_sec;
	return LONG2FIX(off);
#endif
    }
}

static VALUE
time_to_a(time)
    VALUE time;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->tm_got == 0) {
	time_get_tm(time, tobj->gmt);
    }
    return rb_ary_new3(10,
		    INT2FIX(tobj->tm.tm_sec),
		    INT2FIX(tobj->tm.tm_min),
		    INT2FIX(tobj->tm.tm_hour),
		    INT2FIX(tobj->tm.tm_mday),
		    INT2FIX(tobj->tm.tm_mon+1),
		    LONG2NUM((long)tobj->tm.tm_year+1900),
		    INT2FIX(tobj->tm.tm_wday),
		    INT2FIX(tobj->tm.tm_yday+1),
		    tobj->tm.tm_isdst?Qtrue:Qfalse,
		    time_zone(time));
}

#define SMALLBUF 100
static int
rb_strftime(buf, format, time)
    char ** volatile buf;
    char * volatile format;
    struct tm * volatile time;
{
    volatile int size;
    int len, flen;

    (*buf)[0] = '\0';
    flen = strlen(format);
    if (flen == 0) {
	return 0;
    }
    len = strftime(*buf, SMALLBUF, format, time);
    if (len != 0 || **buf == '\0') return len;
    for (size=1024; ; size*=2) {
	*buf = xmalloc(size);
	(*buf)[0] = '\0';
	len = strftime(*buf, size, format, time);
	/*
	 * buflen can be zero EITHER because there's not enough
	 * room in the string, or because the control command
	 * goes to the empty string. Make a reasonable guess that
	 * if the buffer is 1024 times bigger than the length of the
	 * format string, it's not failing for lack of room.
	 */
	if (len > 0 || size >= 1024 * flen) return len;
	free(*buf);
    }
    /* not reached */
}

static VALUE
time_strftime(time, format)
    VALUE time, format;
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    char buffer[SMALLBUF];
    char *fmt, *buf = buffer;
    long len;
    VALUE str;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->tm_got == 0) {
	time_get_tm(time, tobj->gmt);
    }
    StringValue(format);
    fmt = RSTRING(format)->ptr;
    len = RSTRING(format)->len;
    if (len == 0) {
	rb_warning("strftime called with empty format string");
    }
    if (strlen(fmt) < len) {
	/* Ruby string may contain \0's. */
	char *p = fmt, *pe = fmt + len;

	str = rb_str_new(0, 0);
	while (p < pe) {
	    len = rb_strftime(&buf, p, &tobj->tm);
	    rb_str_cat(str, buf, len);
	    p += strlen(p) + 1;
	    if (p <= pe)
		rb_str_cat(str, "\0", 1);
	    if (buf != buffer) {
		free(buf);
		buf = buffer;
	    }
	}
	return str;
    }
    len = rb_strftime(&buf, RSTRING(format)->ptr, &tobj->tm);
    str = rb_str_new(buf, len);
    if (buf != buffer) free(buf);
    return str;
}

static VALUE
time_s_times(obj)
    VALUE obj;
{
    rb_warn("obsolete method Time::times; use Process::times");
    return rb_proc_times(obj);
}

static VALUE
time_dump(argc, argv, time)
    int argc;
    VALUE *argv;
    VALUE time;
{
    VALUE dummy;
    struct time_object *tobj;
    struct tm *tm;
    unsigned long p, s;
    unsigned char buf[8];
    time_t t;
    int i;

    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &dummy);
    GetTimeval(time, tobj);

    t = tobj->tv.tv_sec;
    tm = gmtime(&t);

    if ((tm->tm_year & 0x1ffff) != tm->tm_year)
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too big year to marshal");

    p = 0x1          << 31 | /*  1 */
	tm->tm_year  << 14 | /* 17 */
	tm->tm_mon   << 10 | /*  4 */
	tm->tm_mday  <<  5 | /*  5 */
	tm->tm_hour;         /*  5 */
    s = tm->tm_min   << 26 | /*  6 */
	tm->tm_sec   << 20 | /*  6 */
	tobj->tv.tv_usec;    /* 20 */

    for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
	buf[i] = p & 0xff;
	p = RSHIFT(p, 8);
    }
    for (i=4; i<8; i++) {
	buf[i] = s & 0xff;
	s = RSHIFT(s, 8);
    }

    return rb_str_new(buf, 8);
}

static VALUE
time_load(klass, str)
    VALUE klass, str;
{
    unsigned long p, s;
    time_t sec, usec;
    unsigned char *buf;
    struct tm tm;
    int i;

    StringValue(str);
    buf = (unsigned char *)RSTRING(str)->ptr;
    if (RSTRING(str)->len != 8) {
	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "marshaled time format differ");
    }

    p = s = 0;
    for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
	p |= buf[i]<<(8*i);
    }
    for (i=4; i<8; i++) {
	s |= buf[i]<<(8*(i-4));
    }

    if ((p & (1<<31)) == 0) {
	return time_new_internal(klass, p, s);
    }
    p &= ~(1<<31);
    tm.tm_year = (p >> 14) & 0x1ffff;
    tm.tm_mon  = (p >> 10) & 0xf;
    tm.tm_mday = (p >>  5) & 0x1f;
    tm.tm_hour =  p        & 0x1f;
    tm.tm_min  = (s >> 26) & 0x3f;
    tm.tm_sec  = (s >> 20) & 0x3f;
    tm.tm_isdst = 0;

    sec = make_time_t(&tm, Qtrue);
    usec = (time_t)(s & 0xfffff);

    return time_new_internal(klass, sec, usec);
}

void
Init_Time()
{
    rb_cTime = rb_define_class("Time", rb_cObject);
    rb_include_module(rb_cTime, rb_mComparable);

    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cTime, "now", time_s_now, 0);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cTime, "allocate", time_s_alloc, 0);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cTime, "at", time_s_at, -1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cTime, "utc", time_s_mkutc, -1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cTime, "gm", time_s_mkutc, -1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cTime, "local", time_s_mktime, -1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cTime, "mktime", time_s_mktime, -1);

    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cTime, "times", time_s_times, 0);

    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "to_i", time_to_i, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "to_f", time_to_f, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "<=>", time_cmp, 1);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "eql?", time_eql, 1);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "hash", time_hash, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "become", time_become, 1);

    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "localtime", time_localtime, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "gmtime", time_gmtime, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "utc", time_gmtime, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "getlocal", time_getlocaltime, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "getgm", time_getgmtime, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "getutc", time_getgmtime, 0);

    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "ctime", time_asctime, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "asctime", time_asctime, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "to_s", time_to_s, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "inspect", time_to_s, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "to_a", time_to_a, 0);

    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "+", time_plus, 1);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "-", time_minus, 1);

    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "sec", time_sec, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "min", time_min, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "hour", time_hour, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "mday", time_mday, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "day", time_mday, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "mon", time_mon, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "month", time_mon, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "year", time_year, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "wday", time_wday, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "yday", time_yday, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "isdst", time_isdst, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "dst?", time_isdst, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "zone", time_zone, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "gmtoff", time_utc_offset, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "gmt_offset", time_utc_offset, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "utc_offset", time_utc_offset, 0);

    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "utc?", time_utc_p, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "gmt?", time_utc_p, 0);

    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "tv_sec", time_to_i, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "tv_usec", time_usec, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "usec", time_usec, 0);

    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "strftime", time_strftime, 1);

    /* methods for marshaling */
    rb_define_method(rb_cTime, "_dump", time_dump, -1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cTime, "_load", time_load, 1);
}