ruby/gc.c

/**********************************************************************

  gc.c -

  $Author$
  $Date$
  created at: Tue Oct  5 09:44:46 JST 1993

  Copyright (C) 1993-2003 Yukihiro Matsumoto
  Copyright (C) 2000  Network Applied Communication Laboratory, Inc.
  Copyright (C) 2000  Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan

**********************************************************************/

#include "ruby.h"
#include "rubysig.h"
#include "st.h"
#include "node.h"
#include "env.h"
#include "re.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
#include <sys/time.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
#include <sys/resource.h>
#endif

#ifdef __ia64__
#include <ucontext.h>
#if defined(__FreeBSD__)
/*
 * FreeBSD/ia64 currently does not have a way for a process to get the
 * base address for the RSE backing store, so hardcode it.
 */
#define __libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base (4ULL<<61)
#else
#if defined(HAVE_UNWIND_H) && defined(HAVE__UNW_CREATECONTEXTFORSELF)
#include <unwind.h>
#else
#pragma weak __libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base
extern unsigned long __libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base;
#endif
#endif
#endif

#if defined _WIN32 || defined __CYGWIN__
#include <windows.h>
#endif

int rb_io_fptr_finalize(struct OpenFile*);

#if !defined(setjmp) && defined(HAVE__SETJMP)
#define setjmp(env) _setjmp(env)
#endif

/* Make alloca work the best possible way.  */
#ifdef __GNUC__
# ifndef atarist
#  ifndef alloca
#   define alloca __builtin_alloca
#  endif
# endif /* atarist */
#else
# ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
#  include <alloca.h>
# else
#  ifdef _AIX
 #pragma alloca
#  else
#   ifndef alloca /* predefined by HP cc +Olibcalls */
void *alloca ();
#   endif
#  endif /* AIX */
# endif /* HAVE_ALLOCA_H */
#endif /* __GNUC__ */

#ifndef GC_MALLOC_LIMIT
#if defined(MSDOS) || defined(__human68k__)
#define GC_MALLOC_LIMIT 200000
#else
#define GC_MALLOC_LIMIT 8000000
#endif
#endif

static unsigned long malloc_increase = 0;
static unsigned long malloc_limit = GC_MALLOC_LIMIT;
static void run_final(VALUE obj);
static VALUE nomem_error;
static int garbage_collect(void);

void
rb_memerror(void)
{
    static int recurse = 0;

    if (!nomem_error || (recurse > 0 && rb_safe_level() < 4)) {
	fprintf(stderr, "[FATAL] failed to allocate memory\n");
	exit(1);
    }
    recurse++;
    rb_exc_raise(nomem_error);
}

#ifdef RUBY_GC_DEBUG
int always_gc = 0;
#else
# define always_gc 0
#endif

void *
ruby_xmalloc(size_t size)
{
    void *mem;

    if (size < 0) {
	rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "negative allocation size (or too big)");
    }
    if (size == 0) size = 1;
    malloc_increase += size;

    if (always_gc || malloc_increase > malloc_limit) {
	garbage_collect();
    }
    RUBY_CRITICAL(mem = malloc(size));
    if (!mem) {
	if (garbage_collect()) {
	    RUBY_CRITICAL(mem = malloc(size));
	}
	if (!mem) {
	    rb_memerror();
	}
    }

    return mem;
}

void *
ruby_xmalloc2(size_t n, size_t size)
{
    long len = size * n;
    if (n != 0 && size != len / n) {
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "malloc: possible integer overflow");
    }
    return ruby_xmalloc(len);
}

void *
ruby_xcalloc(size_t n, size_t size)
{
    void *mem;

    mem = ruby_xmalloc2(n, size);
    memset(mem, 0, n * size);

    return mem;
}

void *
ruby_xrealloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
{
    void *mem;

    if (size < 0) {
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative re-allocation size");
    }
    if (!ptr) return ruby_xmalloc(size);
    if (size == 0) size = 1;
    malloc_increase += size;
    if (always_gc) garbage_collect();
    RUBY_CRITICAL(mem = realloc(ptr, size));
    if (!mem) {
	if (garbage_collect()) {
	    RUBY_CRITICAL(mem = realloc(ptr, size));
	}
	if (!mem) {
	    rb_memerror();
        }
    }

    return mem;
}

void *
ruby_xrealloc2(void *ptr, size_t n, size_t size)
{
    size_t len = size * n;
    if (n != 0 && size != len / n) {
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "realloc: possible integer overflow");
    }
    return ruby_xrealloc(ptr, len);
}

void
ruby_xfree(void *x)
{
    if (x)
	RUBY_CRITICAL(free(x));
}

static int dont_gc;
static int during_gc;
static int need_call_final = 0;
static st_table *finalizer_table = 0;


/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     GC.enable    => true or false
 *
 *  Enables garbage collection, returning <code>true</code> if garbage
 *  collection was previously disabled.
 *
 *     GC.disable   #=> false
 *     GC.enable    #=> true
 *     GC.enable    #=> false
 *
 */

VALUE
rb_gc_enable(void)
{
    int old = dont_gc;

    dont_gc = Qfalse;
    return old;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     GC.disable    => true or false
 *
 *  Disables garbage collection, returning <code>true</code> if garbage
 *  collection was already disabled.
 *
 *     GC.disable   #=> false
 *     GC.disable   #=> true
 *
 */

VALUE
rb_gc_disable(void)
{
    int old = dont_gc;

    dont_gc = Qtrue;
    return old;
}

VALUE rb_mGC;

static struct gc_list {
    VALUE *varptr;
    struct gc_list *next;
} *global_List = 0;

void
rb_gc_register_address(VALUE *addr)
{
    struct gc_list *tmp;

    tmp = ALLOC(struct gc_list);
    tmp->next = global_List;
    tmp->varptr = addr;
    global_List = tmp;
}

void
rb_gc_unregister_address(VALUE *addr)
{
    struct gc_list *tmp = global_List;

    if (tmp->varptr == addr) {
	global_List = tmp->next;
	RUBY_CRITICAL(free(tmp));
	return;
    }
    while (tmp->next) {
	if (tmp->next->varptr == addr) {
	    struct gc_list *t = tmp->next;

	    tmp->next = tmp->next->next;
	    RUBY_CRITICAL(free(t));
	    break;
	}
	tmp = tmp->next;
    }
}

#undef GC_DEBUG

void
rb_global_variable(VALUE *var)
{
    rb_gc_register_address(var);
}

typedef struct RVALUE {
    union {
	struct {
	    unsigned long flags;	/* always 0 for freed obj */
	    struct RVALUE *next;
	} free;
	struct RBasic  basic;
	struct RObject object;
	struct RClass  klass;
	struct RFloat  flonum;
	struct RString string;
	struct RArray  array;
	struct RRegexp regexp;
	struct RHash   hash;
	struct RData   data;
	struct RStruct rstruct;
	struct RBignum bignum;
	struct RFile   file;
	struct RNode   node;
	struct RMatch  match;
	struct RVarmap varmap;
	struct SCOPE   scope;
    } as;
#ifdef GC_DEBUG
    char *file;
    int   line;
#endif
} RVALUE;

static RVALUE *freelist = 0;
static RVALUE *deferred_final_list = 0;

#define HEAPS_INCREMENT 10
static struct heaps_slot {
    RVALUE *slot;
    int limit;
} *heaps;
static int heaps_length = 0;
static int heaps_used   = 0;

#define HEAP_MIN_SLOTS 10000
static int heap_slots = HEAP_MIN_SLOTS;

#define FREE_MIN  4096

static RVALUE *himem, *lomem;

static void
add_heap(void)
{
    RVALUE *p, *pend;

    if (heaps_used == heaps_length) {
	/* Realloc heaps */
	struct heaps_slot *p;
	int length;

	heaps_length += HEAPS_INCREMENT;
	length = heaps_length*sizeof(struct heaps_slot);
	RUBY_CRITICAL(
	    if (heaps_used > 0) {
		p = (struct heaps_slot *)realloc(heaps, length);
		if (p) heaps = p;
	    }
	    else {
		p = heaps = (struct heaps_slot *)malloc(length);
	    });
	if (p == 0) rb_memerror();
    }

    for (;;) {
	RUBY_CRITICAL(p = heaps[heaps_used].slot = (RVALUE*)malloc(sizeof(RVALUE)*heap_slots));
	heaps[heaps_used].limit = heap_slots;
	if (p == 0) {
	    if (heap_slots == HEAP_MIN_SLOTS) {
		rb_memerror();
	    }
	    heap_slots = HEAP_MIN_SLOTS;
	    continue;
	}
	break;
    }
    pend = p + heap_slots;
    if (lomem == 0 || lomem > p) lomem = p;
    if (himem < pend) himem = pend;
    heaps_used++;
    heap_slots *= 1.8;

    while (p < pend) {
	p->as.free.flags = 0;
	p->as.free.next = freelist;
	freelist = p;
	p++;
    }
}
#define RANY(o) ((RVALUE*)(o))

VALUE
rb_newobj(void)
{
    VALUE obj;

    if ((always_gc || !freelist) && !garbage_collect())
	rb_memerror();

    obj = (VALUE)freelist;
    freelist = freelist->as.free.next;
    MEMZERO((void*)obj, RVALUE, 1);
#ifdef GC_DEBUG
    RANY(obj)->file = ruby_sourcefile;
    RANY(obj)->line = ruby_sourceline;
#endif
    return obj;
}

VALUE
rb_data_object_alloc(VALUE klass, void *datap, RUBY_DATA_FUNC dmark, RUBY_DATA_FUNC dfree)
{
    NEWOBJ(data, struct RData);
    if (klass) Check_Type(klass, T_CLASS);
    OBJSETUP(data, klass, T_DATA);
    data->data = datap;
    data->dfree = dfree;
    data->dmark = dmark;

    return (VALUE)data;
}

extern st_table *rb_class_tbl;
VALUE *rb_gc_stack_start = 0;

#ifdef DJGPP
/* set stack size (http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/v2faq/faq15_9.html) */
unsigned int _stklen = 0x180000; /* 1.5 kB */
#endif

#if defined(DJGPP) || defined(_WIN32_WCE)
static unsigned int STACK_LEVEL_MAX = 65535;
#elif defined(__human68k__)
unsigned int _stacksize = 262144;
# define STACK_LEVEL_MAX (_stacksize - 4096)
# undef HAVE_GETRLIMIT
#elif defined(HAVE_GETRLIMIT)
static unsigned int STACK_LEVEL_MAX = 655300;
#else
# define STACK_LEVEL_MAX 655300
#endif

NOINLINE(static void set_stack_end(VALUE **stack_end_p));

static void
set_stack_end(VALUE **stack_end_p)
{
    VALUE stack_end;
    *stack_end_p = &stack_end;
}
#define SET_STACK_END    VALUE *stack_end; set_stack_end(&stack_end)
#define STACK_END        (stack_end)

#if defined(sparc) || defined(__sparc__)
# define STACK_LENGTH  (rb_gc_stack_start - STACK_END + 0x80)
#elif STACK_GROW_DIRECTION < 0
# define STACK_LENGTH  (rb_gc_stack_start - STACK_END)
#elif STACK_GROW_DIRECTION > 0
# define STACK_LENGTH  (STACK_END - rb_gc_stack_start + 1)
#else
# define STACK_LENGTH  ((STACK_END < rb_gc_stack_start) ? rb_gc_stack_start - STACK_END\
                                           : STACK_END - rb_gc_stack_start + 1)
#endif
#if STACK_GROW_DIRECTION > 0
# define STACK_UPPER(x, a, b) a
#elif STACK_GROW_DIRECTION < 0
# define STACK_UPPER(x, a, b) b
#else
static int grow_direction;
static int
stack_grow_direction(addr)
    VALUE *addr;
{
    SET_STACK_END;

    if (STACK_END > addr) return grow_direction = 1;
    return grow_direction = -1;
}
# define stack_growup_p(x) ((grow_direction ? grow_direction : stack_grow_direction(x)) > 0)
# define STACK_UPPER(x, a, b) (stack_growup_p(x) ? a : b)
#endif

#define GC_WATER_MARK 512

#define CHECK_STACK(ret) do {\
    SET_STACK_END;\
    (ret) = (STACK_LENGTH > STACK_LEVEL_MAX + GC_WATER_MARK);\
} while (0)

int
ruby_stack_length(VALUE **p)
{
    SET_STACK_END;
    if (p) *p = STACK_UPPER(STACK_END, rb_gc_stack_start, STACK_END);
    return STACK_LENGTH;
}

int
ruby_stack_check(void)
{
    int ret;

    CHECK_STACK(ret);
    return ret;
}

#define MARK_STACK_MAX 1024
static VALUE mark_stack[MARK_STACK_MAX];
static VALUE *mark_stack_ptr;
static int mark_stack_overflow;

static void
init_mark_stack(void)
{
    mark_stack_overflow = 0;
    mark_stack_ptr = mark_stack;
}

#define MARK_STACK_EMPTY (mark_stack_ptr == mark_stack)

static st_table *source_filenames;

char *
rb_source_filename(const char *f)
{
    char *name;

    if (!st_lookup(source_filenames, (st_data_t)f, (st_data_t *)&name)) {
	long len = strlen(f) + 1;
	char *ptr = name = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
	*ptr++ = 0;
	MEMCPY(ptr, f, char, len);
	st_add_direct(source_filenames, (st_data_t)ptr, (st_data_t)name);
	return ptr;
    }
    return name + 1;
}

static void
mark_source_filename(char *f)
{
    if (f) {
	f[-1] = 1;
    }
}

static int
sweep_source_filename(char *key, char *value)
{
    if (*value) {
	*value = 0;
	return ST_CONTINUE;
    }
    else {
	free(value);
	return ST_DELETE;
    }
}

static void gc_mark(VALUE ptr, int lev);
static void gc_mark_children(VALUE ptr, int lev);

static void
gc_mark_all(void)
{
    RVALUE *p, *pend;
    int i;

    init_mark_stack();
    for (i = 0; i < heaps_used; i++) {
	p = heaps[i].slot; pend = p + heaps[i].limit;
	while (p < pend) {
	    if ((p->as.basic.flags & FL_MARK) &&
		(p->as.basic.flags != FL_MARK)) {
		gc_mark_children((VALUE)p, 0);
	    }
	    p++;
	}
    }
}

static void
gc_mark_rest(void)
{
    VALUE tmp_arry[MARK_STACK_MAX];
    VALUE *p;

    p = (mark_stack_ptr - mark_stack) + tmp_arry;
    MEMCPY(tmp_arry, mark_stack, VALUE, MARK_STACK_MAX);

    init_mark_stack();
    while (p != tmp_arry){
	p--;
	gc_mark_children(*p, 0);
    }
}

static inline int
is_pointer_to_heap(void *ptr)
{
    register RVALUE *p = RANY(ptr);
    register RVALUE *heap_org;
    register long i;

    if (p < lomem || p > himem) return Qfalse;

    /* check if p looks like a pointer */
    for (i=0; i < heaps_used; i++) {
	heap_org = heaps[i].slot;
	if (heap_org <= p && p < heap_org + heaps[i].limit &&
	    ((((char*)p)-((char*)heap_org))%sizeof(RVALUE)) == 0)
	    return Qtrue;
    }
    return Qfalse;
}

static void
mark_locations_array(register VALUE *x, register long n)
{
    VALUE v;
    while (n--) {
        v = *x;
	if (is_pointer_to_heap((void *)v)) {
	    gc_mark(v, 0);
	}
	x++;
    }
}

void
rb_gc_mark_locations(VALUE *start, VALUE *end)
{
    long n;

    n = end - start;
    mark_locations_array(start,n);
}

static int
mark_entry(ID key, VALUE value, int lev)
{
    gc_mark(value, lev);
    return ST_CONTINUE;
}

static void
mark_tbl(st_table *tbl, int lev)
{
    if (!tbl) return;
    st_foreach(tbl, mark_entry, lev);
}

void
rb_mark_tbl(st_table *tbl)
{
    mark_tbl(tbl, 0);
}

static int
mark_keyvalue(VALUE key, VALUE value, int lev)
{
    gc_mark(key, lev);
    gc_mark(value, lev);
    return ST_CONTINUE;
}

static void
mark_hash(st_table *tbl, int lev)
{
    if (!tbl) return;
    st_foreach(tbl, mark_keyvalue, lev);
}

void
rb_mark_hash(st_table *tbl)
{
    mark_hash(tbl, 0);
}

void
rb_gc_mark_maybe(VALUE obj)
{
    if (is_pointer_to_heap((void *)obj)) {
	gc_mark(obj, 0);
    }
}

#define GC_LEVEL_MAX 250

static void
gc_mark(VALUE ptr, int lev)
{
    register RVALUE *obj;

    obj = RANY(ptr);
    if (rb_special_const_p(ptr)) return; /* special const not marked */
    if (obj->as.basic.flags == 0) return;       /* free cell */
    if (obj->as.basic.flags & FL_MARK) return;  /* already marked */
    obj->as.basic.flags |= FL_MARK;

    if (lev > GC_LEVEL_MAX || (lev == 0 && ruby_stack_check())) {
	if (!mark_stack_overflow) {
	    if (mark_stack_ptr - mark_stack < MARK_STACK_MAX) {
		*mark_stack_ptr = ptr;
		mark_stack_ptr++;		
	    }
	    else {
		mark_stack_overflow = 1;
	    }
	}
	return;
    }
    gc_mark_children(ptr, lev+1);
}

void
rb_gc_mark(VALUE ptr)
{
    gc_mark(ptr, 0);
}

static void
gc_mark_children(VALUE ptr, int lev)
{
    register RVALUE *obj = RANY(ptr);

    goto marking;		/* skip */

  again:
    obj = RANY(ptr);
    if (rb_special_const_p(ptr)) return; /* special const not marked */
    if (obj->as.basic.flags == 0) return;       /* free cell */
    if (obj->as.basic.flags & FL_MARK) return;  /* already marked */
    obj->as.basic.flags |= FL_MARK;

  marking:
    if (FL_TEST(obj, FL_EXIVAR)) {
	rb_mark_generic_ivar(ptr);
    }

    switch (obj->as.basic.flags & T_MASK) {
      case T_NIL:
      case T_FIXNUM:
	rb_bug("rb_gc_mark() called for broken object");
	break;

      case T_NODE:
	mark_source_filename(obj->as.node.nd_file);
	switch (nd_type(obj)) {
	  case NODE_IF:		/* 1,2,3 */
	  case NODE_FOR:
	  case NODE_ITER:
	  case NODE_CREF:
	  case NODE_WHEN:
	  case NODE_MASGN:
	  case NODE_RESCUE:
	  case NODE_RESBODY:
	  case NODE_CLASS:
	  case NODE_ARGS:
	    gc_mark((VALUE)obj->as.node.u2.node, lev);
	    /* fall through */
	  case NODE_BLOCK:	/* 1,3 */
	  case NODE_ARRAY:
	  case NODE_DSTR:
	  case NODE_DXSTR:
	  case NODE_DREGX:
	  case NODE_DREGX_ONCE:
	  case NODE_FBODY:
	  case NODE_ENSURE:
	  case NODE_CALL:
	  case NODE_DEFS:
	  case NODE_OP_ASGN1:
	    gc_mark((VALUE)obj->as.node.u1.node, lev);
	    /* fall through */
	  case NODE_SUPER:	/* 3 */
	  case NODE_FCALL:
	  case NODE_DEFN:
	    ptr = (VALUE)obj->as.node.u3.node;
	    goto again;

	  case NODE_WHILE:	/* 1,2 */
	  case NODE_UNTIL:
	  case NODE_AND:
	  case NODE_OR:
	  case NODE_CASE:
	  case NODE_SCLASS:
	  case NODE_DOT2:
	  case NODE_DOT3:
	  case NODE_FLIP2:
	  case NODE_FLIP3:
	  case NODE_MATCH2:
	  case NODE_MATCH3:
	  case NODE_OP_ASGN_OR:
	  case NODE_OP_ASGN_AND:
	  case NODE_MODULE:
	  case NODE_ALIAS:
	  case NODE_VALIAS:
	    gc_mark((VALUE)obj->as.node.u1.node, lev);
	    /* fall through */
	  case NODE_METHOD:	/* 2 */
	  case NODE_NOT:
	  case NODE_GASGN:
	  case NODE_LASGN:
	  case NODE_DASGN:
	  case NODE_DASGN_CURR:
	  case NODE_IASGN:
	  case NODE_CVDECL:
	  case NODE_CVASGN:
	  case NODE_COLON3:
	  case NODE_OPT_N:
	  case NODE_EVSTR:
	  case NODE_UNDEF:
	    ptr = (VALUE)obj->as.node.u2.node;
	    goto again;

	  case NODE_HASH:	/* 1 */
	  case NODE_LIT:
	  case NODE_STR:
	  case NODE_XSTR:
	  case NODE_DEFINED:
	  case NODE_MATCH:
	  case NODE_RETURN:
	  case NODE_BREAK:
	  case NODE_NEXT:
	  case NODE_YIELD:
	  case NODE_COLON2:
	  case NODE_SPLAT:
	  case NODE_TO_ARY:
	  case NODE_SVALUE:
	    ptr = (VALUE)obj->as.node.u1.node;
	    goto again;

	  case NODE_SCOPE:	/* 2,3 */
	  case NODE_BLOCK_PASS:
	  case NODE_CDECL:
	    gc_mark((VALUE)obj->as.node.u3.node, lev);
	    ptr = (VALUE)obj->as.node.u2.node;
	    goto again;

	  case NODE_ZARRAY:	/* - */
	  case NODE_ZSUPER:
	  case NODE_CFUNC:
	  case NODE_VCALL:
	  case NODE_GVAR:
	  case NODE_LVAR:
	  case NODE_DVAR:
	  case NODE_IVAR:
	  case NODE_CVAR:
	  case NODE_NTH_REF:
	  case NODE_BACK_REF:
	  case NODE_REDO:
	  case NODE_RETRY:
	  case NODE_SELF:
	  case NODE_NIL:
	  case NODE_TRUE:
	  case NODE_FALSE:
	  case NODE_ERRINFO:
	  case NODE_ATTRSET:
	  case NODE_BLOCK_ARG:
	  case NODE_POSTEXE:
	    break;
	  case NODE_ALLOCA:
	    mark_locations_array((VALUE*)obj->as.node.u1.value,
				 obj->as.node.u3.cnt);
	    ptr = (VALUE)obj->as.node.u2.node;
	    goto again;

	  default:		/* unlisted NODE */
	    if (is_pointer_to_heap(obj->as.node.u1.node)) {
		gc_mark((VALUE)obj->as.node.u1.node, lev);
	    }
	    if (is_pointer_to_heap(obj->as.node.u2.node)) {
		gc_mark((VALUE)obj->as.node.u2.node, lev);
	    }
	    if (is_pointer_to_heap(obj->as.node.u3.node)) {
		gc_mark((VALUE)obj->as.node.u3.node, lev);
	    }
	}
	return;			/* no need to mark class. */
    }

    gc_mark(obj->as.basic.klass, lev);
    switch (obj->as.basic.flags & T_MASK) {
      case T_ICLASS:
      case T_CLASS:
      case T_MODULE:
	mark_tbl(obj->as.klass.m_tbl, lev);
	mark_tbl(obj->as.klass.iv_tbl, lev);
	ptr = obj->as.klass.super;
	goto again;

      case T_ARRAY:
	if (FL_TEST(obj, ELTS_SHARED)) {
	    ptr = obj->as.array.aux.shared;
	    goto again;
	}
	else {
	    long i, len = obj->as.array.len;
	    VALUE *ptr = obj->as.array.ptr;

	    for (i=0; i < len; i++) {
		gc_mark(*ptr++, lev);
	    }
	}
	break;

      case T_HASH:
	mark_hash(obj->as.hash.tbl, lev);
	ptr = obj->as.hash.ifnone;
	goto again;

      case T_STRING:
#define STR_ASSOC FL_USER3   /* copied from string.c */
	if (FL_TEST(obj, ELTS_SHARED|STR_ASSOC)) {
	    ptr = obj->as.string.aux.shared;
	    goto again;
	}
	break;

      case T_DATA:
	if (obj->as.data.dmark) (*obj->as.data.dmark)(DATA_PTR(obj));
	break;

      case T_OBJECT:
	mark_tbl(obj->as.object.iv_tbl, lev);
	break;

      case T_FILE:
      case T_REGEXP:
      case T_FLOAT:
      case T_BIGNUM:
      case T_BLOCK:
	break;

      case T_MATCH:
	if (obj->as.match.str) {
	    ptr = obj->as.match.str;
	    goto again;
	}
	break;

      case T_VARMAP:
	gc_mark(obj->as.varmap.val, lev);
	ptr = (VALUE)obj->as.varmap.next;
	goto again;

      case T_SCOPE:
	if (obj->as.scope.local_vars && (obj->as.scope.flags & SCOPE_MALLOC)) {
	    int n = obj->as.scope.local_tbl[0]+1;
	    VALUE *vars = &obj->as.scope.local_vars[-1];

	    while (n--) {
		gc_mark(*vars++, lev);
	    }
	}
	break;

      case T_STRUCT:
	{
	    long len = obj->as.rstruct.len;
	    VALUE *ptr = obj->as.rstruct.ptr;

	    while (len--) {
		gc_mark(*ptr++, lev);
	    }
	}
	break;

      default:
	rb_bug("rb_gc_mark(): unknown data type 0x%lx(%p) %s",
	       obj->as.basic.flags & T_MASK, obj,
	       is_pointer_to_heap(obj) ? "corrupted object" : "non object");
    }
}

static void obj_free(VALUE);

static void
finalize_list(RVALUE *p)
{
    while (p) {
	RVALUE *tmp = p->as.free.next;
	run_final((VALUE)p);
	if (!FL_TEST(p, FL_SINGLETON)) { /* not freeing page */
	    p->as.free.flags = 0;
	    p->as.free.next = freelist;
	    freelist = p;
	}
	p = tmp;
    }
}

static void
free_unused_heaps(void)
{
    int i, j;

    for (i = j = 1; j < heaps_used; i++) {
	if (heaps[i].limit == 0) {
	    free(heaps[i].slot);
	    heaps_used--;
	}
	else {
	    if (i != j) {
		heaps[j] = heaps[i];
	    }
	    j++;
	}
    }
}

static void
gc_sweep(void)
{
    RVALUE *p, *pend, *final_list;
    int freed = 0;
    int i;
    unsigned long live = 0;

    mark_source_filename(ruby_sourcefile);
    if (source_filenames) {
        st_foreach(source_filenames, sweep_source_filename, 0);
    }

    freelist = 0;
    final_list = deferred_final_list;
    deferred_final_list = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < heaps_used; i++) {
	int n = 0;
	RVALUE *free = freelist;
	RVALUE *final = final_list;

	p = heaps[i].slot; pend = p + heaps[i].limit;
	while (p < pend) {
	    if (!(p->as.basic.flags & FL_MARK)) {
		if (p->as.basic.flags) {
		    obj_free((VALUE)p);
		}
		if (need_call_final && FL_TEST(p, FL_FINALIZE)) {
		    p->as.free.flags = FL_MARK; /* remain marked */
		    p->as.free.next = final_list;
		    final_list = p;
		}
		else {
		    p->as.free.flags = 0;
		    p->as.free.next = freelist;
		    freelist = p;
		}
		n++;
	    }
	    else if (RBASIC(p)->flags == FL_MARK) {
		/* objects to be finalized */
		/* do notning remain marked */
	    }
	    else {
		RBASIC(p)->flags &= ~FL_MARK;
		live++;
	    }
	    p++;
	}
	if (n == heaps[i].limit && freed > FREE_MIN) {
	    RVALUE *pp;

	    heaps[i].limit = 0;
	    for (pp = final_list; pp != final; pp = pp->as.free.next) {
		p->as.free.flags |= FL_SINGLETON; /* freeing page mark */
	    }
	    freelist = free;	/* cancel this page from freelist */
	}
	else {
	    freed += n;
	}
    }
    if (malloc_increase > malloc_limit) {
	malloc_limit += (malloc_increase - malloc_limit) * (double)live / (live + freed);
	if (malloc_limit < GC_MALLOC_LIMIT) malloc_limit = GC_MALLOC_LIMIT;
    }
    malloc_increase = 0;
    if (freed < FREE_MIN) {
	add_heap();
    }
    during_gc = 0;

    /* clear finalization list */
    if (final_list) {
	deferred_final_list = final_list;
	return;
    }
    free_unused_heaps();
}

void
rb_gc_force_recycle(VALUE p)
{
    RANY(p)->as.free.flags = 0;
    RANY(p)->as.free.next = freelist;
    freelist = RANY(p);
}

static void
obj_free(VALUE obj)
{
    switch (RANY(obj)->as.basic.flags & T_MASK) {
      case T_NIL:
      case T_FIXNUM:
      case T_TRUE:
      case T_FALSE:
	rb_bug("obj_free() called for broken object");
	break;
    }

    if (FL_TEST(obj, FL_EXIVAR)) {
	rb_free_generic_ivar((VALUE)obj);
    }

    switch (RANY(obj)->as.basic.flags & T_MASK) {
      case T_OBJECT:
	if (RANY(obj)->as.object.iv_tbl) {
	    st_free_table(RANY(obj)->as.object.iv_tbl);
	}
	break;
      case T_MODULE:
      case T_CLASS:
	rb_clear_cache_by_class((VALUE)obj);
	st_free_table(RANY(obj)->as.klass.m_tbl);
	if (RANY(obj)->as.object.iv_tbl) {
	    st_free_table(RANY(obj)->as.object.iv_tbl);
	}
	break;
      case T_STRING:
	if (RANY(obj)->as.string.ptr && !FL_TEST(obj, ELTS_SHARED)) {
	    RUBY_CRITICAL(free(RANY(obj)->as.string.ptr));
	}
	break;
      case T_ARRAY:
	if (RANY(obj)->as.array.ptr && !FL_TEST(obj, ELTS_SHARED)) {
	    RUBY_CRITICAL(free(RANY(obj)->as.array.ptr));
	}
	break;
      case T_HASH:
	if (RANY(obj)->as.hash.tbl) {
	    st_free_table(RANY(obj)->as.hash.tbl);
	}
	break;
      case T_REGEXP:
	if (RANY(obj)->as.regexp.ptr) {
	    onig_free(RANY(obj)->as.regexp.ptr);
	}
	if (RANY(obj)->as.regexp.str) {
	    RUBY_CRITICAL(free(RANY(obj)->as.regexp.str));
	}
	break;
      case T_DATA:
	if (DATA_PTR(obj)) {
	    if ((long)RANY(obj)->as.data.dfree == -1) {
		RUBY_CRITICAL(free(DATA_PTR(obj)));
	    }
	    else if (RANY(obj)->as.data.dfree) {
		(*RANY(obj)->as.data.dfree)(DATA_PTR(obj));
	    }
	}
	break;
      case T_MATCH:
	if (RANY(obj)->as.match.regs) {
	    onig_region_free(RANY(obj)->as.match.regs, 0);
	    RUBY_CRITICAL(free(RANY(obj)->as.match.regs));
	}
	break;
      case T_FILE:
	if (RANY(obj)->as.file.fptr) {
	    rb_io_fptr_finalize(RANY(obj)->as.file.fptr);
	}
	break;
      case T_ICLASS:
	/* iClass shares table with the module */
	break;

      case T_FLOAT:
      case T_VARMAP:
      case T_BLOCK:
	break;

      case T_BIGNUM:
	if (RANY(obj)->as.bignum.digits) {
	    RUBY_CRITICAL(free(RANY(obj)->as.bignum.digits));
	}
	break;
      case T_NODE:
	switch (nd_type(obj)) {
	  case NODE_SCOPE:
	    if (RANY(obj)->as.node.u1.tbl) {
		RUBY_CRITICAL(free(RANY(obj)->as.node.u1.tbl));
	    }
	    break;
	  case NODE_ALLOCA:
	    RUBY_CRITICAL(free(RANY(obj)->as.node.u1.node));
	    break;
	}
	return;			/* no need to free iv_tbl */

      case T_SCOPE:
	if (RANY(obj)->as.scope.local_vars &&
            RANY(obj)->as.scope.flags != SCOPE_ALLOCA) {
	    VALUE *vars = RANY(obj)->as.scope.local_vars-1;
	    if (vars[0] == 0)
		RUBY_CRITICAL(free(RANY(obj)->as.scope.local_tbl));
	    if (RANY(obj)->as.scope.flags & SCOPE_MALLOC)
		RUBY_CRITICAL(free(vars));
	}
	break;

      case T_STRUCT:
	if (RANY(obj)->as.rstruct.ptr) {
	    RUBY_CRITICAL(free(RANY(obj)->as.rstruct.ptr));
	}
	break;

      default:
	rb_bug("gc_sweep(): unknown data type 0x%lx(%p)", 
	       RANY(obj)->as.basic.flags & T_MASK, obj);
    }
}

void
rb_gc_mark_frame(struct FRAME *frame)
{
    gc_mark((VALUE)frame->node, 0);
}

#ifdef __GNUC__
#if defined(__human68k__) || defined(DJGPP)
#if defined(__human68k__)
typedef unsigned long rb_jmp_buf[8];
__asm__ (".even\n\
_rb_setjmp:\n\
	move.l	4(sp),a0\n\
	movem.l	d3-d7/a3-a5,(a0)\n\
	moveq.l	#0,d0\n\
	rts");
#ifdef setjmp
#undef setjmp
#endif
#else
#if defined(DJGPP)
typedef unsigned long rb_jmp_buf[6];
__asm__ (".align 4\n\
_rb_setjmp:\n\
	pushl	%ebp\n\
	movl	%esp,%ebp\n\
	movl	8(%ebp),%ebp\n\
	movl	%eax,(%ebp)\n\
	movl	%ebx,4(%ebp)\n\
	movl	%ecx,8(%ebp)\n\
	movl	%edx,12(%ebp)\n\
	movl	%esi,16(%ebp)\n\
	movl	%edi,20(%ebp)\n\
	popl	%ebp\n\
	xorl	%eax,%eax\n\
	ret");
#endif
#endif
int rb_setjmp (rb_jmp_buf);
#define jmp_buf rb_jmp_buf
#define setjmp rb_setjmp
#endif /* __human68k__ or DJGPP */
#endif /* __GNUC__ */

static int
garbage_collect(void)
{
    struct gc_list *list;
    struct FRAME * volatile frame; /* gcc 2.7.2.3 -O2 bug??  */
    jmp_buf save_regs_gc_mark;
    SET_STACK_END;

    if (!heaps) return Qfalse;
#ifdef HAVE_NATIVETHREAD
    if (!is_ruby_native_thread()) {
	rb_bug("cross-thread violation on rb_gc()");
    }
#endif
    if (dont_gc || during_gc) {
	if (!freelist) {
	    add_heap();
	}
	return Qtrue;
    }
    during_gc++;

    init_mark_stack();

    /* mark frame stack */
    for (frame = ruby_frame; frame; frame = frame->prev) {
	rb_gc_mark_frame(frame);
	if (frame->tmp) {
	    struct FRAME *tmp = frame->tmp;
	    while (tmp) {
		rb_gc_mark_frame(tmp);
		tmp = tmp->prev;
	    }
	}
    }
    gc_mark((VALUE)ruby_scope, 0);
    gc_mark((VALUE)ruby_dyna_vars, 0);
    if (finalizer_table) {
	mark_tbl(finalizer_table, 0);
    }

    FLUSH_REGISTER_WINDOWS;
    /* This assumes that all registers are saved into the jmp_buf (and stack) */
    setjmp(save_regs_gc_mark);
    mark_locations_array((VALUE*)save_regs_gc_mark, sizeof(save_regs_gc_mark) / sizeof(VALUE *));
#if STACK_GROW_DIRECTION < 0
    rb_gc_mark_locations((VALUE*)STACK_END, rb_gc_stack_start);
#elif STACK_GROW_DIRECTION > 0
    rb_gc_mark_locations(rb_gc_stack_start, (VALUE*)STACK_END + 1);
#else
    if ((VALUE*)STACK_END < rb_gc_stack_start)
	rb_gc_mark_locations((VALUE*)STACK_END, rb_gc_stack_start);
    else
	rb_gc_mark_locations(rb_gc_stack_start, (VALUE*)STACK_END + 1);
#endif
#ifdef __ia64__
    /* mark backing store (flushed register window on the stack) */
    /* the basic idea from guile GC code                         */
    {
	ucontext_t ctx;
	VALUE *top, *bot;
#if defined(HAVE_UNWIND_H) && defined(HAVE__UNW_CREATECONTEXTFORSELF)
	_Unwind_Context *unwctx = _UNW_createContextForSelf();
#endif

	getcontext(&ctx);
	mark_locations_array((VALUE*)&ctx.uc_mcontext,
			     ((size_t)(sizeof(VALUE)-1 + sizeof ctx.uc_mcontext)/sizeof(VALUE)));
#if defined(HAVE_UNWIND_H) && defined(HAVE__UNW_CREATECONTEXTFORSELF)
	_UNW_currentContext(unwctx);
	bot = (VALUE*)(long)_UNW_getAR(unwctx, _UNW_AR_BSP);
	top = (VALUE*)(long)_UNW_getAR(unwctx, _UNW_AR_BSPSTORE);
	_UNW_destroyContext(unwctx);
#else
	bot = (VALUE*)__libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base;
	top = (VALUE*)ctx.uc_mcontext.IA64_BSPSTORE;
#endif
	rb_gc_mark_locations(bot, top);
    }
#endif
#if defined(__human68k__) || defined(__mc68000__)
    rb_gc_mark_locations((VALUE*)((char*)STACK_END + 2),
			 (VALUE*)((char*)rb_gc_stack_start + 2));
#endif
    rb_gc_mark_threads();

    /* mark protected global variables */
    for (list = global_List; list; list = list->next) {
	rb_gc_mark_maybe(*list->varptr);
    }
    rb_mark_end_proc();
    rb_gc_mark_global_tbl();

    rb_mark_tbl(rb_class_tbl);
    rb_gc_mark_trap_list();

    /* mark generic instance variables for special constants */
    rb_mark_generic_ivar_tbl();

    rb_gc_mark_parser();

    /* gc_mark objects whose marking are not completed*/
    while (!MARK_STACK_EMPTY){
	if (mark_stack_overflow){
	    gc_mark_all();
	}
	else {
	    gc_mark_rest();
	}
    }
    gc_sweep();

    return Qtrue;
}

void
rb_gc(void)
{
    garbage_collect();
    rb_gc_finalize_deferred();
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     GC.start                     => nil
 *     gc.garbage_collect           => nil
 *     ObjectSpace.garbage_collect  => nil
 *
 *  Initiates garbage collection, unless manually disabled.
 *
 */

VALUE
rb_gc_start(void)
{
    rb_gc();
    return Qnil;
}

void
ruby_set_stack_size(size_t size)
{
#ifndef STACK_LEVEL_MAX
    STACK_LEVEL_MAX = size/sizeof(VALUE);
#endif
}

void
Init_stack(VALUE *addr)
{
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
    MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION m;
    memset(&m, 0, sizeof(m));
    VirtualQuery(&m, &m, sizeof(m));
    rb_gc_stack_start =
	STACK_UPPER((VALUE *)&m, (VALUE *)m.BaseAddress,
		    (VALUE *)((char *)m.BaseAddress + m.RegionSize) - 1);
#elif defined(STACK_END_ADDRESS)
    extern void *STACK_END_ADDRESS;
    rb_gc_stack_start = STACK_END_ADDRESS;
#else
    if (!addr) addr = (VALUE *)&addr;
    STACK_UPPER(&addr, addr, ++addr);
    if (rb_gc_stack_start) {
	if (STACK_UPPER(&addr,
			rb_gc_stack_start > addr,
			rb_gc_stack_start < addr))
	    rb_gc_stack_start = addr;
	return;
    }
    rb_gc_stack_start = addr;
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_GETRLIMIT
    {
	struct rlimit rlim;

	if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim) == 0) {
	    unsigned int space = rlim.rlim_cur/5;

	    if (space > 1024*1024) space = 1024*1024;
	    STACK_LEVEL_MAX = (rlim.rlim_cur - space) / sizeof(VALUE);
	}
    }
#endif
}


/*
 * Document-class: ObjectSpace
 *
 *  The <code>ObjectSpace</code> module contains a number of routines
 *  that interact with the garbage collection facility and allow you to
 *  traverse all living objects with an iterator.
 *
 *  <code>ObjectSpace</code> also provides support for object
 *  finalizers, procs that will be called when a specific object is
 *  about to be destroyed by garbage collection.
 *
 *     include ObjectSpace
 *
 *
 *     a = "A"
 *     b = "B"
 *     c = "C"
 *
 *
 *     define_finalizer(a, proc {|id| puts "Finalizer one on #{id}" })
 *     define_finalizer(a, proc {|id| puts "Finalizer two on #{id}" })
 *     define_finalizer(b, proc {|id| puts "Finalizer three on #{id}" })
 *
 *  <em>produces:</em>
 *
 *     Finalizer three on 537763470
 *     Finalizer one on 537763480
 *     Finalizer two on 537763480
 *
 */

void
Init_heap(void)
{
    if (!rb_gc_stack_start) {
	Init_stack(0);
    }
    add_heap();
}

static VALUE
os_live_obj(void)
{
    int i;
    int n = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < heaps_used; i++) {
	RVALUE *p, *pend;

	p = heaps[i].slot; pend = p + heaps[i].limit;
	for (;p < pend; p++) {
	    if (p->as.basic.flags) {
		switch (TYPE(p)) {
		  case T_ICLASS:
		  case T_VARMAP:
		  case T_SCOPE:
		  case T_NODE:
		    continue;
		  case T_CLASS:
		    if (FL_TEST(p, FL_SINGLETON)) continue;
		  default:
		    if (!p->as.basic.klass) continue;
		    rb_yield((VALUE)p);
		    n++;
		}
	    }
	}
    }

    return INT2FIX(n);
}

static VALUE
os_obj_of(VALUE of)
{
    int i;
    int n = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < heaps_used; i++) {
	RVALUE *p, *pend;

	p = heaps[i].slot; pend = p + heaps[i].limit;
	for (;p < pend; p++) {
	    if (p->as.basic.flags) {
		switch (TYPE(p)) {
		  case T_ICLASS:
		  case T_VARMAP:
		  case T_SCOPE:
		  case T_NODE:
		    continue;
		  case T_CLASS:
		    if (FL_TEST(p, FL_SINGLETON)) continue;
		  default:
		    if (!p->as.basic.klass) continue;
		    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of((VALUE)p, of)) {
			rb_yield((VALUE)p);
			n++;
		    }
		}
	    }
	}
    }

    return INT2FIX(n);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     ObjectSpace.each_object([module]) {|obj| ... } => fixnum
 *
 *  Calls the block once for each living, nonimmediate object in this
 *  Ruby process. If <i>module</i> is specified, calls the block
 *  for only those classes or modules that match (or are a subclass of)
 *  <i>module</i>. Returns the number of objects found. Immediate
 *  objects (<code>Fixnum</code>s, <code>Symbol</code>s
 *  <code>true</code>, <code>false</code>, and <code>nil</code>) are
 *  never returned. In the example below, <code>each_object</code>
 *  returns both the numbers we defined and several constants defined in
 *  the <code>Math</code> module.
 *
 *     a = 102.7
 *     b = 95       # Won't be returned
 *     c = 12345678987654321
 *     count = ObjectSpace.each_object(Numeric) {|x| p x }
 *     puts "Total count: #{count}"
 *
 *  <em>produces:</em>
 *
 *     12345678987654321
 *     102.7
 *     2.71828182845905
 *     3.14159265358979
 *     2.22044604925031e-16
 *     1.7976931348623157e+308
 *     2.2250738585072e-308
 *     Total count: 7
 *
 */

static VALUE
os_each_obj(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE of;

    rb_secure(4);
    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &of) == 0) {
	return os_live_obj();
    }
    else {
	return os_obj_of(of);
    }
}

static VALUE finalizers;

/* deprecated
 */

static VALUE
add_final(VALUE os, VALUE block)
{
    rb_warn("ObjectSpace::add_finalizer is deprecated; use define_finalizer");
    if (!rb_respond_to(block, rb_intern("call"))) {
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong type argument %s (should be callable)",
		 rb_obj_classname(block));
    }
    rb_ary_push(finalizers, block);
    return block;
}

/*
 * deprecated
 */
static VALUE
rm_final(VALUE os, VALUE block)
{
    rb_warn("ObjectSpace::remove_finalizer is deprecated; use undefine_finalizer");
    rb_ary_delete(finalizers, block);
    return block;
}

/*
 * deprecated
 */
static VALUE
finals(void)
{
    rb_warn("ObjectSpace::finalizers is deprecated");
    return finalizers;
}

/*
 * deprecated
 */

static VALUE
call_final(VALUE os, VALUE obj)
{
    rb_warn("ObjectSpace::call_finalizer is deprecated; use define_finalizer");
    need_call_final = 1;
    FL_SET(obj, FL_FINALIZE);
    return obj;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     ObjectSpace.undefine_finalizer(obj)
 *
 *  Removes all finalizers for <i>obj</i>.
 *
 */

static VALUE
undefine_final(VALUE os, VALUE obj)
{
    if (finalizer_table) {
	st_delete(finalizer_table, (st_data_t*)&obj, 0);
    }
    return obj;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(obj, aProc=proc())
 *
 *  Adds <i>aProc</i> as a finalizer, to be called after <i>obj</i>
 *  was destroyed.
 *
 */

static VALUE
define_final(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE os)
{
    VALUE obj, block, table;

    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &obj, &block);
    if (argc == 1) {
	block = rb_block_proc();
    }
    else if (!rb_respond_to(block, rb_intern("call"))) {
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong type argument %s (should be callable)",
		 rb_obj_classname(block));
    }
    need_call_final = 1;
    FL_SET(obj, FL_FINALIZE);

    block = rb_ary_new3(2, INT2FIX(ruby_safe_level), block);

    if (!finalizer_table) {
	finalizer_table = st_init_numtable();
    }
    if (st_lookup(finalizer_table, obj, &table)) {
	rb_ary_push(table, block);
    }
    else {
	st_add_direct(finalizer_table, obj, rb_ary_new3(1, block));
    }
    return block;
}

void
rb_gc_copy_finalizer(VALUE dest, VALUE obj)
{
    VALUE table;

    if (!finalizer_table) return;
    if (!FL_TEST(obj, FL_FINALIZE)) return;
    if (st_lookup(finalizer_table, obj, &table)) {
	st_insert(finalizer_table, dest, table);
    }
    FL_SET(dest, FL_FINALIZE);
}

static VALUE
run_single_final(VALUE *args)
{
    rb_eval_cmd(args[0], args[1], (int)args[2]);
    return Qnil;
}

static void
run_final(VALUE obj)
{
    long i;
    int status, critical_save = rb_thread_critical;
    VALUE args[3], table, objid;

    objid = rb_obj_id(obj);	/* make obj into id */
    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
    args[1] = 0;
    args[2] = (VALUE)ruby_safe_level;
    for (i=0; i<RARRAY(finalizers)->len; i++) {
	args[0] = RARRAY(finalizers)->ptr[i];
	if (!args[1]) args[1] = rb_ary_new3(1, objid);
	rb_protect((VALUE(*)(VALUE))run_single_final, (VALUE)args, &status);
    }
    if (finalizer_table && st_delete(finalizer_table, (st_data_t*)&obj, &table)) {
	for (i=0; i<RARRAY(table)->len; i++) {
	    VALUE final = RARRAY(table)->ptr[i];
	    args[0] = RARRAY(final)->ptr[1];
	    if (!args[1]) args[1] = rb_ary_new3(1, objid);
	    args[2] = FIX2INT(RARRAY(final)->ptr[0]);
	    rb_protect((VALUE(*)(VALUE))run_single_final, (VALUE)args, &status);
	}
    }
    rb_thread_critical = critical_save;
}

void
rb_gc_finalize_deferred(void)
{
    RVALUE *p = deferred_final_list;

    deferred_final_list = 0;
    if (p) {
	finalize_list(p);
    }
    free_unused_heaps();
}

void
rb_gc_call_finalizer_at_exit(void)
{
    RVALUE *p, *pend;
    int i;

    /* run finalizers */
    if (need_call_final) {
	p = deferred_final_list;
	deferred_final_list = 0;
	finalize_list(p);
	for (i = 0; i < heaps_used; i++) {
	    p = heaps[i].slot; pend = p + heaps[i].limit;
	    while (p < pend) {
		if (FL_TEST(p, FL_FINALIZE)) {
		    FL_UNSET(p, FL_FINALIZE);
		    p->as.basic.klass = 0;
		    run_final((VALUE)p);
		}
		p++;
	    }
	}
    }
    /* run data object's finalizers */
    for (i = 0; i < heaps_used; i++) {
	p = heaps[i].slot; pend = p + heaps[i].limit;
	while (p < pend) {
	    if (BUILTIN_TYPE(p) == T_DATA &&
		DATA_PTR(p) && RANY(p)->as.data.dfree &&
		RANY(p)->as.basic.klass != rb_cThread) {
		p->as.free.flags = 0;
		if ((long)RANY(p)->as.data.dfree == -1) {
		    RUBY_CRITICAL(free(DATA_PTR(p)));
		}
		else if (RANY(p)->as.data.dfree) {
		    (*RANY(p)->as.data.dfree)(DATA_PTR(p));
		}
	    }
	    else if (BUILTIN_TYPE(p) == T_FILE) {
		if (rb_io_fptr_finalize(RANY(p)->as.file.fptr)) {
		    p->as.free.flags = 0;
		}
	    }
	    p++;
	}
    }
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     ObjectSpace._id2ref(object_id) -> an_object
 *
 *  Converts an object id to a reference to the object. May not be
 *  called on an object id passed as a parameter to a finalizer.
 *
 *     s = "I am a string"                    #=> "I am a string"
 *     r = ObjectSpace._id2ref(s.object_id)   #=> "I am a string"
 *     r == s                                 #=> true
 *
 */

static VALUE
id2ref(VALUE obj, VALUE id)
{
#if SIZEOF_LONG == SIZEOF_VOIDP
#define NUM2PTR(x) NUM2ULONG(x)
#elif SIZEOF_LONG_LONG == SIZEOF_VOIDP
#define NUM2PTR(x) NUM2ULL(x)
#endif
    VALUE ptr;
    void *p0;

    rb_secure(4);
    ptr = NUM2PTR(id);
    p0 = (void *)ptr;

    if (ptr == Qtrue) return Qtrue;
    if (ptr == Qfalse) return Qfalse;
    if (ptr == Qnil) return Qnil;
    if (FIXNUM_P(ptr)) return (VALUE)ptr;
    if (SYMBOL_P(ptr) && rb_id2name(SYM2ID((VALUE)ptr)) != 0) {
	return (VALUE)ptr;
    }

    ptr = id ^ FIXNUM_FLAG;	/* unset FIXNUM_FLAG */
    if (!is_pointer_to_heap((void *)ptr)|| BUILTIN_TYPE(ptr) >= T_BLOCK) {
	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%p is not id value", p0);
    }
    if (BUILTIN_TYPE(ptr) == 0 || RBASIC(ptr)->klass == 0) {
	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%p is recycled object", p0);
    }
    return (VALUE)ptr;
}

/*
 *  The <code>GC</code> module provides an interface to Ruby's mark and
 *  sweep garbage collection mechanism. Some of the underlying methods
 *  are also available via the <code>ObjectSpace</code> module.
 */

void
Init_GC(void)
{
    VALUE rb_mObSpace;

    rb_mGC = rb_define_module("GC");
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_mGC, "start", rb_gc_start, 0);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_mGC, "enable", rb_gc_enable, 0);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_mGC, "disable", rb_gc_disable, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_mGC, "garbage_collect", rb_gc_start, 0);

    rb_mObSpace = rb_define_module("ObjectSpace");
    rb_define_module_function(rb_mObSpace, "each_object", os_each_obj, -1);
    rb_define_module_function(rb_mObSpace, "garbage_collect", rb_gc_start, 0);
    rb_define_module_function(rb_mObSpace, "add_finalizer", add_final, 1);
    rb_define_module_function(rb_mObSpace, "remove_finalizer", rm_final, 1);
    rb_define_module_function(rb_mObSpace, "finalizers", finals, 0);
    rb_define_module_function(rb_mObSpace, "call_finalizer", call_final, 1);

    rb_define_module_function(rb_mObSpace, "define_finalizer", define_final, -1);
    rb_define_module_function(rb_mObSpace, "undefine_finalizer", undefine_final, 1);

    rb_define_module_function(rb_mObSpace, "_id2ref", id2ref, 1);

    rb_gc_register_address(&rb_mObSpace);
    rb_global_variable(&finalizers);
    rb_gc_unregister_address(&rb_mObSpace);
    finalizers = rb_ary_new();

    source_filenames = st_init_strtable();

    rb_global_variable(&nomem_error);
    nomem_error = rb_exc_new2(rb_eNoMemError, "failed to allocate memory");
}