зеркало из https://github.com/github/ruby.git
591 строка
20 KiB
XML
591 строка
20 KiB
XML
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!-- Rev 1.05
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Changed the <gram> element name to <pos>
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Added the g_gend attribute
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moved the s_inf element
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-->
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<!-- Rev 1.04
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Changes:
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Rename the project "JMdict" and add the g_lang attribute to the
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<gloss> entity - 08 May 1999
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Moved the <gram>, <field> and <misc> elements down to be in the
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<sense> region, as suggested by Chris Czeyka. I have also tidied up
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some of the "*" as he suggested. - 27 May 2000
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Added the re_nokanji element - Sep 2003.
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-->
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<!DOCTYPE JMdict [
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<!ELEMENT JMdict (entry*)>
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<!-- -->
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<!ELEMENT entry (ent_seq, k_ele*, r_ele+, info*, sense+)>
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<!-- Entries consist of kanji elements, reading elements,
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general information and sense elements. Each entry must have at
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least one reading element and one sense element. Others are optional.
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-->
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<!ELEMENT ent_seq (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- A unique numeric sequence number for each entry
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-->
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<!ELEMENT k_ele (keb, ke_inf*, ke_pri*)>
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<!-- The kanji element, or in its absence, the reading element, is
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the defining component of each entry.
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The overwhelming majority of entries will have a single kanji
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element associated with a word in Japanese. Where there are
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multiple kanji elements within an entry, they will be orthographical
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variants of the same word, either using variations in okurigana, or
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alternative and equivalent kanji. Common "mis-spellings" may be
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included, provided they are associated with appropriate information
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fields. Synonyms are not included; they may be indicated in the
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cross-reference field associated with the sense element.
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-->
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<!ELEMENT keb (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- This element will contain a word or short phrase in Japanese
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which is written using at least one kanji. The valid characters are
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kanji, kana, related characters such as chouon and kurikaeshi, and
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in exceptional cases, letters from other alphabets.
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-->
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<!ELEMENT ke_inf (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- This is a coded information field related specifically to the
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orthography of the keb, and will typically indicate some unusual
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aspect, such as okurigana irregularity.
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-->
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<!ELEMENT ke_pri (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- This and the equivalent re_pri field are provided to record
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information about the relative priority of the entry, and consist
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of codes indicating the word appears in various references which
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can be taken as an indication of the frequency with which the word
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is used. This field is intended for use either by applications which
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want to concentrate on entries of a particular priority, or to
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generate subset files.
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The current values in this field are:
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- news1/2: appears in the "wordfreq" file compiled by Alexandre Girardi
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from the Mainichi Shimbun. (See the Monash ftp archive for a copy.)
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Words in the first 12,000 in that file are marked "news1" and words
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in the second 12,000 are marked "news2".
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- ichi1/2: appears in the "Ichimango goi bunruishuu", Senmon Kyouiku
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Publishing, Tokyo, 1998.
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- spec1 and spec2: a small number of words use this marker when they
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are detected as being common, but are not included in other lists.
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- gai1: common loanwords, based on the wordfreq file.
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- nfxx: this is an indicator of frequency-of-use ranking in the
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wordfreq file. "xx" is the number of the set of 500 words in which
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the entry can be found, with "01" assigned to the first 500, "02"
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to the second, and so on.
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The reason both the kanji and reading elements are tagged is because
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on occasions a priority is only associated with a particular
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kanji/reading pair.
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-->
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<!-- -->
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<!ELEMENT r_ele (reb, re_nokanji?, re_restr*, re_inf*, re_pri*)>
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<!-- The reading element typically contains the valid readings
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of the word(s) in the kanji element using modern kanadzukai.
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Where there are multiple reading elements, they will typically be
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alternative readings of the kanji element. In the absence of a
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kanji element, i.e. in the case of a word or phrase written
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entirely in kana, these elements will define the entry.
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-->
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<!ELEMENT reb (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- this element content is restricted to kana and related
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characters such as chouon and kurikaeshi. Kana usage will be
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consistent between the keb and reb elements; e.g. if the keb
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contains katakana, so too will the reb.
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-->
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<!ELEMENT re_nokanji (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- This element, which will usually have a null value, indicates
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that the reb, while associated with the keb, cannot be regarded
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as a true reading of the kanji. It is typically used for words
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such as foreign place names, gairaigo which can be in kanji or
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katakana, etc.
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-->
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<!ELEMENT re_restr (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- This element is used to indicate when the reading only applies
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to a subset of the keb elements in the entry. In its absence, all
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readings apply to all kanji elements. The contents of this element
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must exactly match those of one of the keb elements.
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-->
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<!ELEMENT re_inf (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- General coded information pertaining to the specific reading.
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Typically it will be used to indicate some unusual aspect of
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the reading. -->
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<!ELEMENT re_pri (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- See the comment on ke_pri above. -->
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<!-- -->
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<!ELEMENT info (lang*, dial*, links*, bibl*, etym*, audit*)>
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<!-- general coded information relating to the entry as a whole.-->
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<!ELEMENT lang (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- For loan-words, the ISO 639 two-letter code for the originating
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language. -->
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<!ELEMENT dial (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- For words specifically associated with regional dialects in
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Japanese, the entity code for that dialect, e.g. ksb for Kansaiben.
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-->
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<!ELEMENT bibl (bib_tag?, bib_txt?)>
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<!ELEMENT bib_tag (#PCDATA)>
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<!ELEMENT bib_txt (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- Bibliographic information about the entry. The bib_tag will a
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coded reference to an entry in an external bibliographic database.
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The bib_txt field may be used for brief (local) descriptions.-->
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<!ELEMENT etym (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- This field is used to hold information about the etymology
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of the entry. -->
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<!ELEMENT links (link_tag, link_desc, link_uri)>
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<!ELEMENT link_tag (#PCDATA)>
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<!ELEMENT link_desc (#PCDATA)>
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<!ELEMENT link_uri (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- This element holds details of linking information to
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entries in other electronic repositories. The link_tag will be
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coded to indicate the type of link (text, image, sound), the
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link_desc will provided a textual label for the link, and the
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link_uri contains the actual URI. -->
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<!ELEMENT audit (upd_date, upd_detl)>
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<!ELEMENT upd_date (#PCDATA)>
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<!ELEMENT upd_detl (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- The audit element will contain the date and other information
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about updates to the entry. Can be used to record the source of
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the material. -->
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<!-- -->
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<!ELEMENT sense (stagk*, stagr*, pos*, xref*, ant*, field*, misc*, s_inf*, gloss*, example*)>
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<!-- The sense element will record the translational equivalent
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of the Japanese word, plus other related information. Where there
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are several distinctly different meanings of the word, multiple
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sense elements will be employed.
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-->
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<!ELEMENT stagk (#PCDATA)>
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<!ELEMENT stagr (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- These elements, if present, indicate that the sense is restricted
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to the lexeme represented by the keb and/or reb. -->
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<!ELEMENT xref (#PCDATA)*>
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<!-- This element is used to indicate a cross-reference to another
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entry with a similar or related meaning or sense. The content of
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this element must exactly match that of a keb or reb element in
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another entry.
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-->
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<!ELEMENT ant (#PCDATA)*>
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<!-- This element is used to indicate another entry which is an
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antonym of the current entry/sense. The content of this element
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must exactly match that of a keb or reb element in another entry.
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-->
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<!ELEMENT pos (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- Part-of-speech information about the entry/sense. Should use
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appropriate entity codes.
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-->
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<!ELEMENT field (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- Information about the field of application of the entry. When
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absent, general application is implied. Entity coding for specific
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fields of application. -->
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<!ELEMENT misc (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- This element is used for other relevant information about
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the entry. -->
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<!ELEMENT gloss (#PCDATA | pri)*>
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<!-- Within each sense will be one or more "glosses", i.e.
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target-language words or phrases which are equivalents to the
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Japanese word. This element would normally be present, however it
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may be omitted in entries which are purely for a cross-reference.
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-->
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<!ATTLIST gloss g_lang CDATA "en">
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<!-- The g_lang attribute defines the target language of the
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gloss. It will be coded using the two-letter language code from
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the ISO 639 standard. When absent, the value "en" (i.e. English)
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is the default value. -->
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<!ATTLIST gloss g_gend CDATA #IMPLIED>
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<!-- The g_gend attribute defines the gender of the gloss (typically
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a noun in the target language. When absent, the gender is either
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not relevant or has yet to be provided.
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-->
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<!ELEMENT pri (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- These elements highlight particular target-language words which
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are strongly associated with the Japanese word. The purpose is to
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establish a set of target-language words which can effectively be
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used as head-words in a reverse target-language/Japanese relationship.
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-->
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<!ELEMENT example (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- The example elements provide for pairs of short Japanese and
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target-language phrases or sentences which exemplify the usage of the
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Japanese head-word and the target-language gloss. Words in example
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fields would typically not be indexed by a dictionary application.
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-->
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<!ELEMENT s_inf (#PCDATA)>
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<!-- The sense-information elements provided for additional
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information to be recorded about a sense. Typical usage would
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be to indicate such things as level of currency of a sense, the
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regional variations, etc.
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-->
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<!-- The following entity codes are used for common elements within the
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various information fields.
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-->
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<!ENTITY MA "martial arts term">
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<!ENTITY X "rude or X-rated term (not displayed in educational software)">
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<!ENTITY abbr "abbreviation">
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<!ENTITY adj "adjective (keiyoushi)">
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<!ENTITY adj-na "adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)">
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<!ENTITY adj-no "nouns which may take the genitive case particle `no'">
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<!ENTITY adj-pn "pre-noun adjectival (rentaishi)">
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<!ENTITY adj-t "`taru' adjective">
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<!ENTITY adv "adverb (fukushi)">
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<!ENTITY adv-n "adverbial noun">
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<!ENTITY adv-to "adverb taking the `to' particle">
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<!ENTITY arch "archaism">
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<!ENTITY ateji "ateji (phonetic) reading">
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<!ENTITY aux "auxiliary">
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<!ENTITY aux-v "auxiliary verb">
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<!ENTITY aux-adj "auxiliary adjective">
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<!ENTITY Buddh "Buddhist term">
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<!ENTITY chn "children's language">
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<!ENTITY col "colloquialism ">
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<!ENTITY comp "computer terminology">
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<!ENTITY conj "conjunction">
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<!ENTITY derog "derogatory">
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<!ENTITY ek "exclusively kanji">
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<!ENTITY exp "Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)">
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<!ENTITY fam "familiar language ">
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<!ENTITY fem "female term or language">
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<!ENTITY food "food term">
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<!ENTITY geom "geometry term">
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<!ENTITY gikun "gikun (meaning) reading">
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<!ENTITY gram "grammatical term">
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<!ENTITY hon "honorific or respectful (sonkeigo) language ">
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<!ENTITY hum "humble (kenjougo) language ">
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<!ENTITY iK "word containing irregular kanji usage">
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<!ENTITY id "idiomatic expression ">
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<!ENTITY ik "word containing irregular kana usage">
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<!ENTITY int "interjection (kandoushi)">
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<!ENTITY io "irregular okurigana usage">
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<!ENTITY iv "irregular verb">
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<!ENTITY ling "linguistics terminology">
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<!ENTITY m-sl "manga slang">
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<!ENTITY male "male term or language">
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<!ENTITY male-sl "male slang">
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<!ENTITY math "mathematics">
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<!ENTITY mil "military">
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<!ENTITY n "noun (common) (futsuumeishi)">
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<!ENTITY n-adv "adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)">
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<!ENTITY n-suf "noun, used as a suffix">
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<!ENTITY n-pref "noun, used as a prefix">
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<!ENTITY n-t "noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)">
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<!ENTITY neg "negative (in a negative sentence, or with negative verb)">
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<!ENTITY neg-v "negative verb (when used with)">
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<!ENTITY num "numeric">
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<!ENTITY oK "word containing out-dated kanji ">
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<!ENTITY obs "obsolete term">
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<!ENTITY obsc "obscure term">
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<!ENTITY ok "out-dated or obsolete kana usage">
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<!ENTITY pol "polite (teineigo) language ">
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<!ENTITY pref "prefix ">
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<!ENTITY prt "particle ">
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<!ENTITY physics "physics terminology">
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<!ENTITY qv "quod vide (see another entry)">
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<!ENTITY rare "rare">
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<!ENTITY sl "slang">
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<!ENTITY suf "suffix ">
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<!ENTITY uK "word usually written using kanji alone ">
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<!ENTITY uk "word usually written using kana alone ">
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<!ENTITY v1 "Ichidan verb">
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<!ENTITY v5 "Godan verb (not completely classified)">
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<!ENTITY v5aru "Godan verb - -aru special class">
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<!ENTITY v5b "Godan verb with `bu' ending">
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<!ENTITY v5g "Godan verb with `gu' ending">
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<!ENTITY v5k "Godan verb with `ku' ending">
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<!ENTITY v5k-s "Godan verb - Iku/Yuku special class">
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<!ENTITY v5m "Godan verb with `mu' ending">
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<!ENTITY v5n "Godan verb with `nu' ending">
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<!ENTITY v5r "Godan verb with `ru' ending">
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<!ENTITY v5r-i "Godan verb with `ru' ending (irregular verb)">
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<!ENTITY v5s "Godan verb with `su' ending">
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<!ENTITY v5t "Godan verb with `tsu' ending">
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<!ENTITY v5u "Godan verb with `u' ending">
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<!ENTITY v5u-s "Godan verb with `u' ending (special class)">
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<!ENTITY v5uru "Godan verb - Uru old class verb (old form of Eru)">
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<!ENTITY vi "intransitive verb ">
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<!ENTITY vk "Kuru verb - special class">
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<!ENTITY vs "noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru">
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<!ENTITY vs-s "suru verb - special class">
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<!ENTITY vs-i "suru verb - irregular">
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<!ENTITY vz "zuru verb - (alternative form of -jiru verbs)">
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<!ENTITY vt "transitive verb">
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<!ENTITY vulg "vulgar expression or word ">
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<!ENTITY mg "masculine gender">
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<!ENTITY fg "feminine gender">
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<!ENTITY ng "neuter gender">
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]>
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<!-- JMdict created: 2006-09-11 -->
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<JMdict>
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<!-- JMdict Japanese-Multilingual Dictionary file (XML format) -->
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<!-- Using V1.05 of the DTD -->
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<!-- Copyright J.W. Breen (jwb@csse.monash.edu.au) -->
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<entry>
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<ent_seq>1000000</ent_seq>
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<k_ele>
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<keb>ヽ</keb>
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</k_ele>
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<r_ele>
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<reb>くりかえし</reb>
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</r_ele>
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<sense>
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<pos>&n;</pos>
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<gloss>repetition mark in katakana</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">Wiederholungszeichen für Katakana</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">normalerweise nur in vertikaler Schreibweise verwendet</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">marque de la répétition dans katakana</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">(JF2)</gloss>
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</sense>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<ent_seq>1000010</ent_seq>
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<k_ele>
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<keb>ヾ</keb>
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</k_ele>
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<r_ele>
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<reb>くりかえし</reb>
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</r_ele>
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<sense>
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<pos>&n;</pos>
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<gloss>voiced repetition mark in katakana</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">stimmhaftes Wiederholungszeichen für Katakana</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">normalerweise nur in vertikaler Schreibweise verwendet</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">marque de la répétition sonore dans katakana</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">(JF2)</gloss>
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</sense>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<ent_seq>1000020</ent_seq>
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<k_ele>
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<keb>ゝ</keb>
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</k_ele>
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<r_ele>
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<reb>くりかえし</reb>
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</r_ele>
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<sense>
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<pos>&n;</pos>
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<gloss>repetition mark in hiragana</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">Wiederholungszeichen für Hiragana</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">normalerweise nur in vertikaler Schreibweise verwendet</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">marque de la répétition dans hiragana</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">(JF2)</gloss>
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</sense>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<ent_seq>1000030</ent_seq>
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<k_ele>
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<keb>ゞ</keb>
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</k_ele>
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<r_ele>
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<reb>くりかえし</reb>
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</r_ele>
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<sense>
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<pos>&n;</pos>
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<gloss>voiced repetition mark in hiragana</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">stimmhaftes Wiederholungszeichen für Hiragana</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">normalerweise nur in vertikaler Schreibweise verwendet</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">marque de la répétition sonore dans hiragana</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">(JF2)</gloss>
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</sense>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<ent_seq>1000040</ent_seq>
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<k_ele>
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<keb>〃</keb>
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</k_ele>
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<r_ele>
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<reb>おなじく</reb>
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</r_ele>
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<sense>
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<pos>&n;</pos>
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<gloss>ditto mark</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="ru">знак "то же самое"</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">Wiederholungszeichen in Tabellen</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">idem marque</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">(JF2)</gloss>
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</sense>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<ent_seq>1000050</ent_seq>
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<k_ele>
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<keb>仝</keb>
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</k_ele>
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<r_ele>
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<reb>どうじょう</reb>
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</r_ele>
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<sense>
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<pos>&n;</pos>
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<gloss>"as above" mark</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">Abkürzung für "siehe oben"</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">comme au-dessus</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">(JF2)</gloss>
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</sense>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<ent_seq>1000060</ent_seq>
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<k_ele>
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<keb>々</keb>
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</k_ele>
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<r_ele>
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<reb>くりかえし</reb>
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</r_ele>
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<sense>
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<pos>&n;</pos>
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<gloss>repetition of kanji (sometimes voiced)</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">Wiederholungszeichen für Kanji</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">(Laut wird durch Wiederholung manchmal stimmhaft)</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">répétition de kanji(quelquefois a exprimé)</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">(JF2)</gloss>
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</sense>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<ent_seq>1000070</ent_seq>
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<k_ele>
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<keb>〆</keb>
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</k_ele>
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<r_ele>
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<reb>しめ</reb>
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</r_ele>
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<sense>
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<pos>&n;</pos>
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<gloss>end or closure mark</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">Zeichen als eine Art Versiegelung über der zugeklebten Lasche auf der Rückseite eines Briefumschlages</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">fin ou marque de la fermeture</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">(JF2)</gloss>
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</sense>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<ent_seq>1000080</ent_seq>
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<k_ele>
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<keb>〇</keb>
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</k_ele>
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<k_ele>
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<keb>○</keb>
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<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
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</k_ele>
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<r_ele>
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<reb>かんすうじゼロ</reb>
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</r_ele>
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<sense>
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<pos>&n;</pos>
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<xref>漢数字</xref>
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<xref>ゼロ</xref>
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<gloss>"kanji" zero</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">Kanji-Ziffer für Null</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">kanji</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">(JF2)</gloss>
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</sense>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<ent_seq>1000090</ent_seq>
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<k_ele>
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<keb>○</keb>
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</k_ele>
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<k_ele>
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<keb>〇</keb>
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<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
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</k_ele>
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<r_ele>
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<reb>まる</reb>
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</r_ele>
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<sense>
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<pos>&n;</pos>
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<gloss>circle (sometimes used for zero)</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="ru">круг</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="ru">но́ль</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">Kreis</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">Markierung für "richtig"</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">Maru</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">(ein japan. Schriftfont hat mindestens drei verschiedene Codierungen und Darstellungen für "maru")</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">entourez</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">mettez à zéro</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">(JF2)</gloss>
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</sense>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<ent_seq>1000100</ent_seq>
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<k_ele>
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<keb>ＡＢＣ順</keb>
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</k_ele>
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<r_ele>
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<reb>エービーシーじゅん</reb>
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</r_ele>
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<r_ele>
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<reb>ええびいしいじゅん</reb>
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</r_ele>
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<sense>
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<pos>&n;</pos>
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<gloss>alphabetical order</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">alphabetische Ordnung</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="de">alphabetische Reihenfolge</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">ordre alphabétique</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">(JF2)</gloss>
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</sense>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<ent_seq>1000110</ent_seq>
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<k_ele>
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<keb>ＣＤプレーヤー</keb>
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</k_ele>
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<r_ele>
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<reb>シーディープレーヤー</reb>
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</r_ele>
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<sense>
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<pos>&n;</pos>
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<gloss>CD player</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="ru">CD плеер</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="ru">проигрыватель компакт-дисков</gloss>
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</sense>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<ent_seq>1000120</ent_seq>
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<k_ele>
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<keb>Ｈな映画</keb>
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</k_ele>
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<k_ele>
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<keb>エッチな映画</keb>
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</k_ele>
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<r_ele>
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<reb>エッチなえいが</reb>
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</r_ele>
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<sense>
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<pos>&n;</pos>
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<gloss>pornographic film</gloss>
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<gloss>salacious film</gloss>
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</sense>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<ent_seq>1000130</ent_seq>
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<k_ele>
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<keb>Ｎ響</keb>
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</k_ele>
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<r_ele>
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<reb>エヌきょう</reb>
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</r_ele>
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<sense>
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<pos>&n;</pos>
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<misc>&abbr;</misc>
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<gloss>NHK Symphony Orchestra</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">NHK Symphonie Orchestre(abbr)</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">(JF2)</gloss>
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</sense>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<ent_seq>1000140</ent_seq>
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<r_ele>
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<reb>Ｏバック</reb>
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</r_ele>
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<sense>
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<pos>&n;</pos>
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<gloss>O-back</gloss>
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<gloss>skirt with peek-a-boo hole in rump</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">O En arrière</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">contournez avec coucou trou dans croupe</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">(JF2)</gloss>
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</sense>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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|||
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<ent_seq>1000150</ent_seq>
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<r_ele>
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<reb>ＲＳ２３２ケーブル</reb>
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</r_ele>
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<sense>
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<pos>&n;</pos>
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<gloss>rs232 cable</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">les rs232 câblent</gloss>
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<gloss g_lang="fr">(JF2)</gloss>
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</sense>
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</entry>
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</JMdict>
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