Detailed introductory material.

https://github.com/ruby/getoptlong/commit/1544f2fb7b
This commit is contained in:
Burdette Lamar 2022-05-02 11:03:26 -05:00 коммит произвёл git
Родитель 8587bacc25
Коммит 51ac3c9e80
11 изменённых файлов: 563 добавлений и 154 удалений

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@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
require 'getoptlong'
options = GetoptLong.new(
['--xxx', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT],
['--xyz', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT]
)
options.each do |option, argument|
p [option, argument]
end

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@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
require 'getoptlong'
options = GetoptLong.new(
['--xxx', '-x', '--aaa', '-a', '-p', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT]
)
options.each do |option, argument|
p [option, argument]
end

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@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
require 'getoptlong'
options = GetoptLong.new(
['--xxx', GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT],
['--yyy', GetoptLong::OPTIONAL_ARGUMENT],
['--zzz', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT]
)
puts "Original ARGV: #{ARGV}"
options.each do |option, argument|
p [option, argument]
end
puts "Remaining ARGV: #{ARGV}"

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@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
require 'getoptlong'
options = GetoptLong.new(
['--xxx', '-x', GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT],
['--yyy', '-y', GetoptLong::OPTIONAL_ARGUMENT],
['--zzz', '-z',GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT]
)
puts "Original ARGV: #{ARGV}"
options.each do |option, argument|
p [option, argument]
end
puts "Remaining ARGV: #{ARGV}"

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@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
require 'getoptlong'
options = GetoptLong.new(
['--number', '-n', GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT],
['--verbose', '-v', GetoptLong::OPTIONAL_ARGUMENT],
['--help', '-h', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT]
)
def help(status = 0)
puts <<~HELP
Usage:
-n n, --number n:
Compute Fibonacci number for n.
-v [boolean], --verbose [boolean]:
Show intermediate results; default is 'false'.
-h, --help:
Show this help.
HELP
exit(status)
end
def print_fibonacci (number)
return 0 if number == 0
return 1 if number == 1 or number == 2
i = 0
j = 1
(2..number).each do
k = i + j
i = j
j = k
puts j if @verbose
end
puts j unless @verbose
end
options.each do |option, argument|
case option
when '--number'
@number = argument.to_i
when '--verbose'
@verbose = if argument.empty?
true
elsif argument.match(/true/i)
true
elsif argument.match(/false/i)
false
else
puts '--verbose argument must be true or false'
help(255)
end
when '--help'
help
end
end
unless @number
puts 'Option --number is required.'
help(255)
end
print_fibonacci(@number)

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@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
require 'getoptlong'
options = GetoptLong.new(
['--xxx', GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT],
['--yyy', GetoptLong::OPTIONAL_ARGUMENT],
['--zzz', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT]
)
puts "Original ARGV: #{ARGV}"
options.each do |option, argument|
p [option, argument]
end
puts "Remaining ARGV: #{ARGV}"

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@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
require 'getoptlong'
options = GetoptLong.new(
['--xxx', GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT],
['--yyy', GetoptLong::OPTIONAL_ARGUMENT],
['--zzz', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT]
)
options.ordering = GetoptLong::REQUIRE_ORDER
puts "Original ARGV: #{ARGV}"
options.each do |option, argument|
p [option, argument]
end
puts "Remaining ARGV: #{ARGV}"

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@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
require 'getoptlong'
options = GetoptLong.new(
['--xxx', GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT],
['--yyy', GetoptLong::OPTIONAL_ARGUMENT],
['--zzz', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT]
)
options.ordering = GetoptLong::RETURN_IN_ORDER
puts "Original ARGV: #{ARGV}"
options.each do |option, argument|
p [option, argument]
end
puts "Remaining ARGV: #{ARGV}"

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@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
require 'getoptlong'
options = GetoptLong.new(
['--number', '-n', GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT],
['--verbose', '-v', GetoptLong::OPTIONAL_ARGUMENT],
['--help', '-h', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT]
)

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@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
require 'getoptlong'
options = GetoptLong.new(
['--xxx', GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT],
['--yyy', GetoptLong::OPTIONAL_ARGUMENT],
['--zzz', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT]
)
options.each do |option, argument|
p [option, argument]
end

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@ -6,83 +6,365 @@
#
# You may redistribute and/or modify this library under the same license
# terms as Ruby.
#
# See GetoptLong for documentation.
#
# Additional documents and the latest version of `getoptlong.rb' can be
# found at http://www.sra.co.jp/people/m-kasahr/ruby/getoptlong/
# The GetoptLong class allows you to parse command line options similarly to
# the GNU getopt_long() C library call. Note, however, that GetoptLong is a
# pure Ruby implementation.
# \Class \GetoptLong provides parsing both for options
# and for regular arguments.
#
# GetoptLong allows for POSIX-style options like <tt>--file</tt> as well
# as single letter options like <tt>-f</tt>
# Using \GetoptLong, you can define options for your program.
# The program can then capture and respond to whatever options
# are included in the command that executes the program.
#
# The empty option <tt>--</tt> (two minus symbols) is used to end option
# processing. This can be particularly important if options have optional
# arguments.
# A simple example: file <tt>simple.rb</tt>:
#
# Here is a simple example of usage:
# :include: ../examples/getoptlong/simple.rb
#
# require 'getoptlong'
# If you are somewhat familiar with options,
# you may want to skip to this
# {full example}[#class-GetoptLong-label-Full+Example].
#
# opts = GetoptLong.new(
# [ '--help', '-h', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT ],
# [ '--repeat', '-n', GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT ],
# [ '--name', GetoptLong::OPTIONAL_ARGUMENT ]
# )
# == Options
#
# dir = nil
# name = nil
# repetitions = 1
# opts.each do |opt, arg|
# case opt
# when '--help'
# puts <<-EOF
# hello [OPTION] ... DIR
# A \GetoptLong option has:
#
# - A string <em>option name</em>.
# - Zero or more string <em>aliases</em> for the name.
# - An <em>option type</em>.
#
# Options may be defined by calling singleton method GetoptLong.new,
# which returns a new \GetoptLong object.
# Options may then be processed by calling other methods
# such as GetoptLong#each.
#
# === Option Name and Aliases
#
# In the array that defines an option,
# the first element is the string option name.
# Often the name takes the 'long' form, beginning with two hyphens.
#
# The option name may have any number of aliases,
# which are defined by additional string elements.
#
# The name and each alias must be of one of two forms:
#
# - Two hyphens, followed by one or more letters.
# - One hyphen, followed by a single letter.
#
# File <tt>aliases.rb</tt>:
#
# :include: ../examples/getoptlong/aliases.rb
#
# An option may be cited by its name,
# or by any of its aliases;
# the parsed option always reports the name, not an alias:
#
# $ ruby aliases.rb -a -p --xxx --aaa -x
#
# Output:
#
# ["--xxx", ""]
# ["--xxx", ""]
# ["--xxx", ""]
# ["--xxx", ""]
# ["--xxx", ""]
#
#
# An option may also be cited by an abbreviation of its name or any alias,
# as long as that abbreviation is unique among the options.
#
# File <tt>abbrev.rb</tt>:
#
# :include: ../examples/getoptlong/abbrev.rb
#
# Command line:
#
# $ ruby abbrev.rb --xxx --xx --xyz --xy
#
# Output:
#
# ["--xxx", ""]
# ["--xxx", ""]
# ["--xyz", ""]
# ["--xyz", ""]
#
# This command line raises GetoptLong::AmbiguousOption:
#
# $ ruby abbrev.rb --x
#
# === Repetition
#
# An option may be cited more than once:
#
# $ ruby abbrev.rb --xxx --xyz --xxx --xyz
#
# Output:
#
# ["--xxx", ""]
# ["--xyz", ""]
# ["--xxx", ""]
# ["--xyz", ""]
#
# === Treating Remaining Options as Arguments
#
# A option-like token that appears
# anywhere after the token <tt>--</tt> is treated as an ordinary argument,
# and is not processed as an option:
#
# $ ruby abbrev.rb --xxx --xyz -- --xxx --xyz
#
# Output:
#
# ["--xxx", ""]
# ["--xyz", ""]
#
# === Option Types
#
# Each option definition includes an option type,
# which controls whether the option takes an argument.
#
# File <tt>types.rb</tt>:
#
# :include: ../examples/getoptlong/types.rb
#
# Note that an option type has to do with the <em>option argument</em>
# (whether it is required, optional, or forbidden),
# not with whether the option itself is required.
#
# ==== Option with Required Argument
#
# An option of type <tt>GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT</tt>
# must be followed by an argument, which is associated with that option:
#
# $ ruby types.rb --xxx foo
#
# Output:
#
# ["--xxx", "foo"]
#
# If the option is not last, its argument is whatever follows it
# (even if the argument looks like another option):
#
# $ ruby types.rb --xxx --yyy
#
# Output:
#
# ["--xxx", "--yyy"]
#
# If the option is last, an exception is raised:
#
# $ ruby types.rb
# # Raises GetoptLong::MissingArgument
#
# ==== Option with Optional Argument
#
# An option of type <tt>GetoptLong::OPTIONAL_ARGUMENT</tt>
# may be followed by an argument, which if given is associated with that option.
#
# If the option is last, it does not have an argument:
#
# $ ruby types.rb --yyy
#
# Output:
#
# ["--yyy", ""]
#
# If the option is followed by another option, it does not have an argument:
#
# $ ruby types.rb --yyy --zzz
#
# Output:
#
# ["--yyy", ""]
# ["--zzz", ""]
#
# Otherwise the option is followed by its argument, which is associated
# with that option:
#
# $ ruby types.rb --yyy foo
#
# Output:
#
# ["--yyy", "foo"]
#
# ==== Option with No Argument
#
# An option of type <tt>GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT</tt> takes no argument:
#
# ruby types.rb --zzz foo
#
# Output:
#
# ["--zzz", ""]
#
# === ARGV
#
# You can process options either with method #each and a block,
# or with method #get.
#
# During processing, each found option is removed, along with its argument
# if there is one.
# After processing, each remaining element was neither an option
# nor the argument for an option.
#
# File <tt>argv.rb</tt>:
#
# :include: ../examples/getoptlong/argv.rb
#
# Command line:
#
# $ ruby argv.rb --xxx Foo --yyy Bar Baz --zzz Bat Bam
#
# Output:
#
# Original ARGV: ["--xxx", "Foo", "--yyy", "Bar", "Baz", "--zzz", "Bat", "Bam"]
# ["--xxx", "Foo"]
# ["--yyy", "Bar"]
# ["--zzz", ""]
# Remaining ARGV: ["Baz", "Bat", "Bam"]
#
# === Ordering
#
# There are three settings that control the way the options
# are interpreted:
#
# - +PERMUTE+.
# - +REQUIRE_ORDER+.
# - +RETURN_IN_ORDER+.
#
# The initial setting for a new \GetoptLong object is +REQUIRE_ORDER+
# if environment variable +POSIXLY_CORRECT+ is defined, +PERMUTE+ otherwise.
#
# ==== PERMUTE Ordering
#
# In the +PERMUTE+ ordering, options and other, non-option,
# arguments may appear in any order and any mixture.
#
# File <tt>permute.rb</tt>:
#
# :include: ../examples/getoptlong/permute.rb
#
# Command line:
#
# $ ruby permute.rb Foo --zzz Bar --xxx Baz --yyy Bat Bam --xxx Bag Bah
#
# Output:
#
# Original ARGV: ["Foo", "--zzz", "Bar", "--xxx", "Baz", "--yyy", "Bat", "Bam", "--xxx", "Bag", "Bah"]
# ["--zzz", ""]
# ["--xxx", "Baz"]
# ["--yyy", "Bat"]
# ["--xxx", "Bag"]
# Remaining ARGV: ["Foo", "Bar", "Bam", "Bah"]
#
# ==== REQUIRE_ORDER Ordering
#
# In the +REQUIRE_ORDER+ ordering, all options precede all non-options;
# that is, each word after the first non-option word
# is treated as a non-option word (even if it begins with a hyphen).
#
# File <tt>require_order.rb</tt>:
#
# :include: ../examples/getoptlong/require_order.rb
#
# Command line:
#
# $ ruby require_order.rb --xxx Foo Bar --xxx Baz --yyy Bat -zzz
#
# Output:
#
# Original ARGV: ["--xxx", "Foo", "Bar", "--xxx", "Baz", "--yyy", "Bat", "-zzz"]
# ["--xxx", "Foo"]
# Remaining ARGV: ["Bar", "--xxx", "Baz", "--yyy", "Bat", "-zzz"]
#
# ==== RETURN_IN_ORDER Ordering
#
# In the +RETURN_IN_ORDER+ ordering, every word is treated as an option.
# A word that begins with a hyphen (or two) is treated in the usual way;
# a word +word+ that does not so begin is treated as an option
# whose name is an empty string, and whose value is +word+.
#
# File <tt>return_in_order.rb</tt>:
#
# :include: ../examples/getoptlong/return_in_order.rb
#
# Command line:
#
# $ ruby return_in_order.rb Foo --xxx Bar Baz --zzz Bat Bam
#
# Output:
#
# Original ARGV: ["Foo", "--xxx", "Bar", "Baz", "--zzz", "Bat", "Bam"]
# ["", "Foo"]
# ["--xxx", "Bar"]
# ["", "Baz"]
# ["--zzz", ""]
# ["", "Bat"]
# ["", "Bam"]
# Remaining ARGV: []
#
# === Full Example
#
# File <tt>fibonacci.rb</tt>:
#
# :include: ../examples/getoptlong/fibonacci.rb
#
# Command line:
#
# $ ruby fibonacci.rb
#
# Output:
#
# Option --number is required.
# Usage:
#
# -n n, --number n:
# Compute Fibonacci number for n.
# -v [boolean], --verbose [boolean]:
# Show intermediate results; default is 'false'.
# -h, --help:
# show help
# Show this help.
#
# --repeat x, -n x:
# repeat x times
# Command line:
#
# --name [name]:
# greet user by name, if name not supplied default is John
# $ ruby fibonacci.rb --number
#
# DIR: The directory in which to issue the greeting.
# EOF
# when '--repeat'
# repetitions = arg.to_i
# when '--name'
# if arg == ''
# name = 'John'
# else
# name = arg
# end
# end
# end
# Raises GetoptLong::MissingArgument:
#
# if ARGV.length != 1
# puts "Missing dir argument (try --help)"
# exit 0
# end
# fibonacci.rb: option `--number' requires an argument
#
# dir = ARGV.shift
# Command line:
#
# Dir.chdir(dir)
# for i in (1..repetitions)
# print "Hello"
# if name
# print ", #{name}"
# end
# puts
# end
# $ ruby fibonacci.rb --number 6
#
# Example command line:
# Output:
#
# hello -n 6 --name -- /tmp
# 8
#
# Command line:
#
# $ ruby fibonacci.rb --number 6 --verbose
#
# Output:
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 5
# 8
#
# Command line:
#
# $ ruby fibonacci.rb --number 6 --verbose yes
#
# Output:
#
# --verbose argument must be true or false
# Usage:
#
# -n n, --number n:
# Compute Fibonacci number for n.
# -v [boolean], --verbose [boolean]:
# Show intermediate results; default is 'false'.
# -h, --help:
# Show this help.
#
class GetoptLong
# Version.
@ -114,20 +396,18 @@ class GetoptLong
class InvalidOption < Error; end
#
# \Set up option processing.
# Returns a new \GetoptLong object based on the given +arguments+.
# See {Options}[#class-GetoptLong-label-Options].
#
# The options to support are passed to new() as an array of arrays.
# Each sub-array contains any number of String option names which carry
# the same meaning, and one of the following flags:
# Example:
#
# GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT :: Option does not take an argument.
# :include: ../examples/getoptlong/simple.rb
#
# GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT :: Option always takes an argument.
# Raises an exception if:
#
# GetoptLong::OPTIONAL_ARGUMENT :: Option may or may not take an argument.
#
# The first option name is considered to be the preferred (canonical) name.
# Other than that, the elements of each sub-array can be in any order.
# - Any of +arguments+ is not an array.
# - Any option name or alias is not a string.
# - Any option type is invalid.
#
def initialize(*arguments)
#
@ -189,54 +469,22 @@ class GetoptLong
end
end
# Sets the ordering; see {Ordering}[#class-GetoptLong-label-Ordering];
# returns the new ordering.
#
# \Set the handling of the ordering of options and arguments.
# A RuntimeError is raised if option processing has already started.
# If the given +ordering+ is +PERMUTE+ and environment variable
# +POSIXLY_CORRECT+ is defined, sets the ordering to +REQUIRE_ORDER+;
# otherwise sets the ordering to +ordering+:
#
# The supplied value must be a member of GetoptLong::ORDERINGS. It alters
# the processing of options as follows:
# options = GetoptLong.new
# options.ordering == GetoptLong::PERMUTE # => true
# options.ordering = GetoptLong::RETURN_IN_ORDER
# options.ordering == GetoptLong::RETURN_IN_ORDER # => true
# ENV['POSIXLY_CORRECT'] = 'true'
# options.ordering = GetoptLong::PERMUTE
# options.ordering == GetoptLong::REQUIRE_ORDER # => true
#
# <b>REQUIRE_ORDER</b> :
#
# Options are required to occur before non-options.
#
# Processing of options ends as soon as a word is encountered that has not
# been preceded by an appropriate option flag.
#
# For example, if -a and -b are options which do not take arguments,
# parsing command line arguments of '-a one -b two' would result in
# 'one', '-b', 'two' being left in ARGV, and only ('-a', '') being
# processed as an option/arg pair.
#
# This is the default ordering, if the environment variable
# POSIXLY_CORRECT is set. (This is for compatibility with GNU getopt_long.)
#
# <b>PERMUTE</b> :
#
# Options can occur anywhere in the command line parsed. This is the
# default behavior.
#
# Every sequence of words which can be interpreted as an option (with or
# without argument) is treated as an option; non-option words are skipped.
#
# For example, if -a does not require an argument and -b optionally takes
# an argument, parsing '-a one -b two three' would result in ('-a','') and
# ('-b', 'two') being processed as option/arg pairs, and 'one','three'
# being left in ARGV.
#
# If the ordering is set to PERMUTE but the environment variable
# POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, REQUIRE_ORDER is used instead. This is for
# compatibility with GNU getopt_long.
#
# <b>RETURN_IN_ORDER</b> :
#
# All words on the command line are processed as options. Words not
# preceded by a short or long option flag are passed as arguments
# with an option of '' (empty string).
#
# For example, if -a requires an argument but -b does not, a command line
# of '-a one -b two three' would result in option/arg pairs of ('-a', 'one')
# ('-b', ''), ('', 'two'), ('', 'three') being processed.
# Raises an exception if +ordering+ is invalid.
#
def ordering=(ordering)
#
@ -262,14 +510,16 @@ class GetoptLong
end
#
# Return ordering.
# Returns the ordering setting.
#
attr_reader :ordering
#
# \Set options. Takes the same argument as GetoptLong.new.
# Replaces existing options with those given by +arguments+,
# which have the same form as the arguments to ::new;
# returns +self+.
#
# Raises a RuntimeError if option processing has already started.
# Raises an exception if option processing has begun.
#
def set_options(*arguments)
#
@ -341,22 +591,23 @@ class GetoptLong
end
#
# \Set/Unset `quiet' mode.
# Sets quiet mode and returns the given argument:
#
# - When +false+ or +nil+, error messages are written to <tt>$stdout</tt>.
# - Otherwise, error messages are not written.
#
attr_writer :quiet
#
# Return the flag of `quiet' mode.
# Returns the quiet mode setting.
#
attr_reader :quiet
#
# `quiet?' is an alias of `quiet'.
#
alias quiet? quiet
#
# Explicitly terminate option processing.
# Terminate option processing;
# returns +nil+ if processing has already terminated;
# otherwise returns +self+.
#
def terminate
return nil if @status == STATUS_TERMINATED
@ -376,7 +627,7 @@ class GetoptLong
end
#
# Returns true if option processing has terminated, false otherwise.
# Returns +true+ if option processing has terminated, +false+ otherwise.
#
def terminated?
return @status == STATUS_TERMINATED
@ -400,32 +651,25 @@ class GetoptLong
protected :set_error
#
# Examine whether an option processing is failed.
# Returns whether option processing has failed.
#
attr_reader :error
#
# `error?' is an alias of `error'.
#
alias error? error
# Return the appropriate error message in POSIX-defined format.
# If no error has occurred, returns nil.
# If no error has occurred, returns +nil+.
#
def error_message
return @error_message
end
#
# Get next option name and its argument, as an Array of two elements.
# Returns the next option as a 2-element array containing:
#
# The option name is always converted to the first (preferred)
# name given in the original options to GetoptLong.new.
# - The option name (the name itself, not an alias).
# - The option value.
#
# Example: ['--option', 'value']
#
# Returns nil if the processing is complete (as determined by
# STATUS_TERMINATED).
# Returns +nil+ if there are no more options.
#
def get
option_name, option_argument = nil, ''
@ -585,21 +829,32 @@ class GetoptLong
return @canonical_names[option_name], option_argument
end
#
# `get_option' is an alias of `get'.
#
alias get_option get
# Iterator version of `get'.
#
# The block is called repeatedly with two arguments:
# The first is the option name.
# The second is the argument which followed it (if any).
# Example: ('--opt', 'value')
# Calls the given block with each option;
# each option is a 2-element array containing:
#
# The option name is always converted to the first (preferred)
# name given in the original options to GetoptLong.new.
# - The option name (the name itself, not an alias).
# - The option value.
#
# Example:
#
# :include: ../examples/getoptlong/each.rb
#
# Command line:
#
# ruby each.rb -xxx Foo -x Bar --yyy Baz -y Bat --zzz
#
# Output:
#
# Original ARGV: ["-xxx", "Foo", "-x", "Bar", "--yyy", "Baz", "-y", "Bat", "--zzz"]
# ["--xxx", "xx"]
# ["--xxx", "Bar"]
# ["--yyy", "Baz"]
# ["--yyy", "Bat"]
# ["--zzz", ""]
# Remaining ARGV: ["Foo"]
#
def each
loop do
@ -608,9 +863,5 @@ class GetoptLong
yield option_name, option_argument
end
end
#
# `each_option' is an alias of `each'.
#
alias each_option each
end