diff --git a/test/ruby/test_refinement.rb b/test/ruby/test_refinement.rb
index 5583ce6a7a..050842724a 100644
--- a/test/ruby/test_refinement.rb
+++ b/test/ruby/test_refinement.rb
@@ -2010,6 +2010,122 @@ class TestRefinement < Test::Unit::TestCase
     assert_equal(:foo, ToSymbol.new("foo").symbol)
   end
 
+  module ToProc
+    def self.call &block
+      block.call
+    end
+
+    class ReturnProc
+      c = self
+      using Module.new {
+        refine c do
+          def to_proc
+            proc { "to_proc" }
+          end
+        end
+      }
+      def call
+        ToProc.call &self
+      end
+    end
+
+    class ReturnNoProc
+      c = self
+      using Module.new {
+        refine c do
+          def to_proc
+            true
+          end
+        end
+      }
+
+      def call
+        ToProc.call &self
+      end
+    end
+
+    class PrivateToProc
+      c = self
+      using Module.new {
+        refine c do
+          private
+          def to_proc
+            proc { "private_to_proc" }
+          end
+        end
+      }
+
+      def call
+        ToProc.call &self
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    class NonProc
+      def call
+        ToProc.call &self
+      end
+    end
+
+    class MethodMissing
+      def method_missing *args
+        proc { "method_missing" }
+      end
+
+      def call
+        ToProc.call &self
+      end
+      end
+
+    class ToProcAndMethodMissing
+      def method_missing *args
+        proc { "method_missing" }
+      end
+
+      c = self
+      using Module.new {
+        refine c do
+          def to_proc
+            proc { "to_proc" }
+          end
+        end
+      }
+
+      def call
+        ToProc.call &self
+      end
+    end
+
+    class ToProcAndRefinements
+      def to_proc
+        proc { "to_proc" }
+      end
+
+      c = self
+      using Module.new {
+        refine c do
+          def to_proc
+            proc { "refinements_to_proc" }
+          end
+        end
+      }
+
+      def call
+        ToProc.call &self
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_to_proc
+    assert_equal("to_proc", ToProc::ReturnProc.new.call)
+    assert_equal("private_to_proc", ToProc::PrivateToProc.new.call)
+    assert_raise(TypeError){ ToProc::ReturnNoProc.new.call }
+    assert_raise(TypeError){ ToProc::NonProc.new.call }
+    assert_equal("method_missing", ToProc::MethodMissing.new.call)
+    assert_equal("to_proc", ToProc::ToProcAndMethodMissing.new.call)
+    assert_equal("refinements_to_proc", ToProc::ToProcAndRefinements.new.call)
+  end
+
   def test_unused_refinement_for_module
     bug14068 = '[ruby-core:83613] [Bug #14068]'
     assert_in_out_err([], <<-INPUT, ["M1#foo"], [], bug14068)
diff --git a/vm_args.c b/vm_args.c
index 7a2f8135da..3bb2bd0a4b 100644
--- a/vm_args.c
+++ b/vm_args.c
@@ -792,7 +792,16 @@ vm_to_proc(VALUE proc)
 {
     if (UNLIKELY(!rb_obj_is_proc(proc))) {
 	VALUE b;
-	b = rb_check_convert_type_with_id(proc, T_DATA, "Proc", idTo_proc);
+	const rb_callable_method_entry_t *me =
+	    rb_callable_method_entry_with_refinements(CLASS_OF(proc), idTo_proc, NULL);
+
+	if (me) {
+	    b = vm_call0(GET_EC(), proc, idTo_proc, 0, NULL, me);
+	}
+	else {
+	    /* NOTE: calling method_missing */
+	    b = rb_check_convert_type_with_id(proc, T_DATA, "Proc", idTo_proc);
+	}
 
 	if (NIL_P(b) || !rb_obj_is_proc(b)) {
 	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,