зеркало из https://github.com/github/ruby.git
doc/ractor.md: Fix indentation in code blocks
Remove unnecessary indentation of code in code blocks (it is also not rendered properly in the generated HTML). Also remove an empty line.
This commit is contained in:
Marcus Stollsteimer
Родитель
0a867315e8
Коммит
ab6adf2772
287
doc/ractor.md
287
doc/ractor.md
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@ -248,18 +248,17 @@ Connection example: Ractor.yield(obj) on r1 and r2,
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```
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```ruby
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r = Ractor.new do
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msg = Ractor.receive # Receive from r's incoming queue
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msg # send back msg as block return value
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end
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r.send 'ok' # Send 'ok' to r's incoming port -> incoming queue
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r.take # Receive from r's outgoing port
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r = Ractor.new do
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msg = Ractor.receive # Receive from r's incoming queue
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msg # send back msg as block return value
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end
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r.send 'ok' # Send 'ok' to r's incoming port -> incoming queue
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r.take # Receive from r's outgoing port
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```
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The last example shows the following ractor network.
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```
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+------+ +---+
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* main |------> * r *---+
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+-----+ +---+ |
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@ -270,16 +269,16 @@ The last example shows the following ractor network.
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And this code can be rewrite more simple way by using an argument for `Ractor.new`.
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```ruby
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# Actual argument 'ok' for `Ractor.new()` will be send to created Ractor.
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r = Ractor.new 'ok' do |msg|
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# Values for formal parameters will be received from incoming queue.
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# Similar to: msg = Ractor.receive
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# Actual argument 'ok' for `Ractor.new()` will be send to created Ractor.
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r = Ractor.new 'ok' do |msg|
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# Values for formal parameters will be received from incoming queue.
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# Similar to: msg = Ractor.receive
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msg # Return value of the given block will be sent via outgoing port
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end
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msg # Return value of the given block will be sent via outgoing port
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end
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# receive from the r's outgoing port.
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r.take #=> `ok`
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# receive from the r's outgoing port.
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r.take #=> `ok`
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```
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### Return value of a block for `Ractor.new`
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@ -338,27 +337,27 @@ as.sort == ['r1', 'r2'] #=> true
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Complex example:
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```ruby
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pipe = Ractor.new do
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loop do
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Ractor.yield Ractor.receive
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end
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pipe = Ractor.new do
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loop do
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Ractor.yield Ractor.receive
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end
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end
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RN = 10
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rs = RN.times.map{|i|
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Ractor.new pipe, i do |pipe, i|
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msg = pipe.take
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msg # ping-pong
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end
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}
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RN.times{|i|
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pipe << i
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}
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RN.times.map{
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r, n = Ractor.select(*rs)
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rs.delete r
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n
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}.sort #=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
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RN = 10
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rs = RN.times.map{|i|
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Ractor.new pipe, i do |pipe, i|
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msg = pipe.take
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msg # ping-pong
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end
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}
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RN.times{|i|
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pipe << i
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}
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RN.times.map{
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r, n = Ractor.select(*rs)
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rs.delete r
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n
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}.sort #=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
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```
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Multiple Ractors can send to one Ractor.
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@ -367,22 +366,22 @@ Multiple Ractors can send to one Ractor.
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# Create 10 ractors and they send objects to pipe ractor.
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# pipe ractor yield received objects
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pipe = Ractor.new do
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loop do
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Ractor.yield Ractor.receive
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end
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pipe = Ractor.new do
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loop do
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Ractor.yield Ractor.receive
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end
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end
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RN = 10
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rs = RN.times.map{|i|
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Ractor.new pipe, i do |pipe, i|
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pipe << i
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end
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}
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RN = 10
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rs = RN.times.map{|i|
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Ractor.new pipe, i do |pipe, i|
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pipe << i
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end
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}
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RN.times.map{
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pipe.take
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}.sort #=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
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RN.times.map{
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pipe.take
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}.sort #=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
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```
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TODO: Current `Ractor.select()` has the same issue of `select(2)`, so this interface should be refined.
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@ -404,34 +403,34 @@ TODO: `select` syntax of go-language uses round-robin technique to make fair sch
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Example (try to take from closed Ractor):
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```ruby
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r = Ractor.new do
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'finish'
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end
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r.take # success (will return 'finish')
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begin
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o = r.take # try to take from closed Ractor
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rescue Ractor::ClosedError
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'ok'
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else
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"ng: #{o}"
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end
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r = Ractor.new do
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'finish'
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end
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r.take # success (will return 'finish')
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begin
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o = r.take # try to take from closed Ractor
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rescue Ractor::ClosedError
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'ok'
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else
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"ng: #{o}"
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end
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```
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Example (try to send to closed (terminated) Ractor):
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```ruby
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r = Ractor.new do
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end
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r = Ractor.new do
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end
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r.take # wait terminate
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r.take # wait terminate
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begin
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r.send(1)
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rescue Ractor::ClosedError
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'ok'
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else
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'ng'
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end
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begin
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r.send(1)
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rescue Ractor::ClosedError
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'ok'
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else
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'ng'
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end
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```
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When multiple Ractors waiting for `Ractor.yield()`, `Ractor#close_outgoing` will cancel all blocking by raise an exception (`ClosedError`).
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@ -494,19 +493,19 @@ end
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```
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```ruby
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# move with Ractor.yield
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r = Ractor.new do
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obj = 'hello'
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Ractor.yield obj, move: true
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obj << 'world' # raise Ractor::MovedError
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end
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# move with Ractor.yield
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r = Ractor.new do
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obj = 'hello'
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Ractor.yield obj, move: true
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obj << 'world' # raise Ractor::MovedError
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end
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str = r.take
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begin
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r.take
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rescue Ractor::RemoteError
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p str #=> "hello"
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end
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str = r.take
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begin
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r.take
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rescue Ractor::RemoteError
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p str #=> "hello"
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end
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```
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Some objects are not supported to move, and an exception will be raise.
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@ -549,16 +548,16 @@ Note that without using Ractors, these additional semantics is not needed (100%
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Only the main Ractor (a Ractor created at starting of interpreter) can access global variables.
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```ruby
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$gv = 1
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r = Ractor.new do
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$gv
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end
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$gv = 1
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r = Ractor.new do
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$gv
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end
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begin
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r.take
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rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
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e.cause.message #=> 'can not access global variables from non-main Ractors'
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end
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begin
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r.take
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rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
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e.cause.message #=> 'can not access global variables from non-main Ractors'
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end
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```
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Note that some special global variables are ractor-local, like `$stdin`, `$stdout`, `$stderr`. See [[Bug #17268]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17268) for more details.
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@ -568,37 +567,37 @@ Note that some special global variables are ractor-local, like `$stdin`, `$stdou
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Only the main Ractor can access instance variables of shareable objects.
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```ruby
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class C
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@iv = 'str'
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end
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r = Ractor.new do
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class C
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@iv = 'str'
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end
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r = Ractor.new do
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class C
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p @iv
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end
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p @iv
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end
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end
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begin
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r.take
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rescue => e
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e.class #=> Ractor::IsolationError
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end
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begin
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r.take
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rescue => e
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e.class #=> Ractor::IsolationError
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end
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```
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```ruby
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shared = Ractor.new{}
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shared.instance_variable_set(:@iv, 'str')
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shared = Ractor.new{}
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shared.instance_variable_set(:@iv, 'str')
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r = Ractor.new shared do |shared|
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p shared.instance_variable_get(:@iv)
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end
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r = Ractor.new shared do |shared|
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p shared.instance_variable_get(:@iv)
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end
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begin
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r.take
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rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
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e.cause.message #=> can not access instance variables of shareable objects from non-main Ractors (Ractor::IsolationError)
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end
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begin
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r.take
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rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
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e.cause.message #=> can not access instance variables of shareable objects from non-main Ractors (Ractor::IsolationError)
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end
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```
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Note that instance variables for class/module objects are also prohibited on Ractors.
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@ -608,22 +607,22 @@ Note that instance variables for class/module objects are also prohibited on Rac
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Only the main Ractor can access class variables.
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```ruby
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class C
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@@cv = 'str'
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end
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r = Ractor.new do
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class C
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@@cv = 'str'
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end
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r = Ractor.new do
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class C
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p @@cv
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end
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p @@cv
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end
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end
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begin
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r.take
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rescue => e
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e.class #=> Ractor::IsolationError
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end
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begin
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r.take
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rescue => e
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e.class #=> Ractor::IsolationError
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end
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```
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### Constants
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@ -631,32 +630,32 @@ Only the main Ractor can access class variables.
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Only the main Ractor can read constants which refer to the unshareable object.
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```ruby
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class C
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CONST = 'str'
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end
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r = Ractor.new do
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C::CONST
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end
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begin
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r.take
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rescue => e
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e.class #=> Ractor::IsolationError
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end
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class C
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CONST = 'str'
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end
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r = Ractor.new do
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C::CONST
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end
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begin
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r.take
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rescue => e
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e.class #=> Ractor::IsolationError
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end
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```
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Only the main Ractor can define constants which refer to the unshareable object.
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```ruby
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class C
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end
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r = Ractor.new do
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C::CONST = 'str'
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end
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begin
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r.take
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rescue => e
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e.class #=> Ractor::IsolationError
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end
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class C
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end
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r = Ractor.new do
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C::CONST = 'str'
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end
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begin
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r.take
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rescue => e
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e.class #=> Ractor::IsolationError
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end
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```
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To make multi-ractor supported library, the constants should only refer sharable objects.
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