Hash#[]= deduplicates string keys if (and only if) fstring exists

In typical applications, hash entries are read after being
written to.  Blindly writing to hashes which are never read
makes little sense. So, for any hash which is read from, an
fstring entry for the key should already exist for the key.

We no longer blindly create fstrings if the code is blindly
setting random hash keys, preventing the performance regression
in the reverted r43870.

Regarding <https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/9188>, this has a
minimum impact on the bm_so_k_nucleotide where hash keys are set
and not reused, performance is within 1-2% of existing cases.

* hash.c: #include gc.h for rb_objspace_garbage_object_p
  (hash_aset_str): do read-only check of fstring table and
  reuse fstring if it exists and is still alive (not garbage)
  [ruby-core:81942] [Feature #13725]

git-svn-id: svn+ssh://ci.ruby-lang.org/ruby/trunk@59304 b2dd03c8-39d4-4d8f-98ff-823fe69b080e

hash.c

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "probes.h"
 #include "id.h"
 #include "symbol.h"
+#include "gc.h"
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
 # ifdef HAVE_CRT_EXTERNS_H
@@ -1518,8 +1519,21 @@ hash_aset(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *val, struct update_arg *arg, int existing)
 static int
 hash_aset_str(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *val, struct update_arg *arg, int existing)
 {
-    if (!existing) {
-	*key = rb_str_new_frozen(*key);
+    if (!existing && !RB_OBJ_FROZEN(*key)) {
+	VALUE fstr;
+	st_table *tbl = rb_vm_fstring_table();
+
+	if (st_lookup(tbl, *key, (st_data_t *)&fstr)) {
+	    if (rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(fstr)) {
+		*key = rb_fstring(*key);
+	    }
+	    else {
+		*key = fstr;
+	    }
+	}
+	else {
+	    *key = rb_str_new_frozen(*key);
+	}
     }
     return hash_aset(key, val, arg, existing);
 }