/********************************************************************** object.c - $Author$ created at: Thu Jul 15 12:01:24 JST 1993 Copyright (C) 1993-2007 Yukihiro Matsumoto Copyright (C) 2000 Network Applied Communication Laboratory, Inc. Copyright (C) 2000 Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan **********************************************************************/ #include "ruby/internal/config.h" #include #include #include #include #include #include "constant.h" #include "id.h" #include "internal.h" #include "internal/array.h" #include "internal/class.h" #include "internal/error.h" #include "internal/eval.h" #include "internal/inits.h" #include "internal/numeric.h" #include "internal/object.h" #include "internal/struct.h" #include "internal/string.h" #include "internal/symbol.h" #include "internal/variable.h" #include "variable.h" #include "probes.h" #include "ruby/encoding.h" #include "ruby/st.h" #include "ruby/util.h" #include "ruby/assert.h" #include "builtin.h" #include "shape.h" /* Flags of RObject * * 1: ROBJECT_EMBED * The object has its instance variables embedded (the array of * instance variables directly follow the object, rather than being * on a separately allocated buffer). * if !SHAPE_IN_BASIC_FLAGS * 4-19: SHAPE_FLAG_MASK * Shape ID for the object. * endif */ /*! * \addtogroup object * \{ */ VALUE rb_cBasicObject; VALUE rb_mKernel; VALUE rb_cObject; VALUE rb_cModule; VALUE rb_cClass; VALUE rb_cRefinement; VALUE rb_cNilClass; VALUE rb_cTrueClass; VALUE rb_cFalseClass; static VALUE rb_cNilClass_to_s; static VALUE rb_cTrueClass_to_s; static VALUE rb_cFalseClass_to_s; /*! \cond INTERNAL_MACRO */ #define id_eq idEq #define id_eql idEqlP #define id_match idEqTilde #define id_inspect idInspect #define id_init_copy idInitialize_copy #define id_init_clone idInitialize_clone #define id_init_dup idInitialize_dup #define id_const_missing idConst_missing #define id_to_f idTo_f #define CLASS_OR_MODULE_P(obj) \ (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj) && \ (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_CLASS || BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_MODULE)) /*! \endcond */ size_t rb_obj_embedded_size(uint32_t numiv) { return offsetof(struct RObject, as.ary) + (sizeof(VALUE) * numiv); } VALUE rb_obj_hide(VALUE obj) { if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) { RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(obj); } return obj; } VALUE rb_obj_reveal(VALUE obj, VALUE klass) { if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) { RBASIC_SET_CLASS(obj, klass); } return obj; } VALUE rb_obj_setup(VALUE obj, VALUE klass, VALUE type) { VALUE ignored_flags = RUBY_FL_PROMOTED | RUBY_FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID; RBASIC(obj)->flags = (type & ~ignored_flags) | (RBASIC(obj)->flags & ignored_flags); RBASIC_SET_CLASS(obj, klass); return obj; } /* * call-seq: * true === other -> true or false * false === other -> true or false * nil === other -> true or false * * Returns +true+ or +false+. * * Like Object#==, if +object+ is an instance of Object * (and not an instance of one of its many subclasses). * * This method is commonly overridden by those subclasses, * to provide meaningful semantics in +case+ statements. */ #define case_equal rb_equal /* The default implementation of #=== is * to call #== with the rb_equal() optimization. */ VALUE rb_equal(VALUE obj1, VALUE obj2) { VALUE result; if (obj1 == obj2) return Qtrue; result = rb_equal_opt(obj1, obj2); if (UNDEF_P(result)) { result = rb_funcall(obj1, id_eq, 1, obj2); } return RBOOL(RTEST(result)); } int rb_eql(VALUE obj1, VALUE obj2) { VALUE result; if (obj1 == obj2) return TRUE; result = rb_eql_opt(obj1, obj2); if (UNDEF_P(result)) { result = rb_funcall(obj1, id_eql, 1, obj2); } return RTEST(result); } /** * call-seq: * obj == other -> true or false * obj.equal?(other) -> true or false * obj.eql?(other) -> true or false * * Equality --- At the Object level, #== returns true * only if +obj+ and +other+ are the same object. Typically, this * method is overridden in descendant classes to provide * class-specific meaning. * * Unlike #==, the #equal? method should never be overridden by * subclasses as it is used to determine object identity (that is, * a.equal?(b) if and only if a is the same * object as b): * * obj = "a" * other = obj.dup * * obj == other #=> true * obj.equal? other #=> false * obj.equal? obj #=> true * * The #eql? method returns true if +obj+ and +other+ * refer to the same hash key. This is used by Hash to test members * for equality. For any pair of objects where #eql? returns +true+, * the #hash value of both objects must be equal. So any subclass * that overrides #eql? should also override #hash appropriately. * * For objects of class Object, #eql? is synonymous * with #==. Subclasses normally continue this tradition by aliasing * #eql? to their overridden #== method, but there are exceptions. * Numeric types, for example, perform type conversion across #==, * but not across #eql?, so: * * 1 == 1.0 #=> true * 1.eql? 1.0 #=> false *-- * \private *++ */ VALUE rb_obj_equal(VALUE obj1, VALUE obj2) { return RBOOL(obj1 == obj2); } VALUE rb_obj_hash(VALUE obj); /** * call-seq: * !obj -> true or false * * Boolean negate. *-- * \private *++ */ VALUE rb_obj_not(VALUE obj) { return RBOOL(!RTEST(obj)); } /** * call-seq: * obj != other -> true or false * * Returns true if two objects are not-equal, otherwise false. *-- * \private *++ */ VALUE rb_obj_not_equal(VALUE obj1, VALUE obj2) { VALUE result = rb_funcall(obj1, id_eq, 1, obj2); return rb_obj_not(result); } VALUE rb_class_real(VALUE cl) { while (cl && ((RBASIC(cl)->flags & FL_SINGLETON) || BUILTIN_TYPE(cl) == T_ICLASS)) { cl = RCLASS_SUPER(cl); } return cl; } VALUE rb_obj_class(VALUE obj) { return rb_class_real(CLASS_OF(obj)); } /* * call-seq: * obj.singleton_class -> class * * Returns the singleton class of obj. This method creates * a new singleton class if obj does not have one. * * If obj is nil, true, or * false, it returns NilClass, TrueClass, or FalseClass, * respectively. * If obj is an Integer, a Float or a Symbol, it raises a TypeError. * * Object.new.singleton_class #=> #> * String.singleton_class #=> # * nil.singleton_class #=> NilClass */ static VALUE rb_obj_singleton_class(VALUE obj) { return rb_singleton_class(obj); } /*! \private */ void rb_obj_copy_ivar(VALUE dest, VALUE obj) { RUBY_ASSERT(!RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_CLASS) && !RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_MODULE)); RUBY_ASSERT(BUILTIN_TYPE(dest) == BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)); rb_shape_t * src_shape = rb_shape_get_shape(obj); if (rb_shape_obj_too_complex(obj)) { // obj is TOO_COMPLEX so we can copy its iv_hash st_table *table = st_copy(ROBJECT_IV_HASH(obj)); rb_obj_convert_to_too_complex(dest, table); return; } uint32_t src_num_ivs = RBASIC_IV_COUNT(obj); rb_shape_t * shape_to_set_on_dest = src_shape; VALUE * src_buf; VALUE * dest_buf; if (!src_num_ivs) { return; } // The copy should be mutable, so we don't want the frozen shape if (rb_shape_frozen_shape_p(src_shape)) { shape_to_set_on_dest = rb_shape_get_parent(src_shape); } src_buf = ROBJECT_IVPTR(obj); dest_buf = ROBJECT_IVPTR(dest); rb_shape_t * initial_shape = rb_shape_get_shape(dest); if (initial_shape->size_pool_index != src_shape->size_pool_index) { RUBY_ASSERT(initial_shape->type == SHAPE_T_OBJECT); shape_to_set_on_dest = rb_shape_rebuild_shape(initial_shape, src_shape); if (UNLIKELY(rb_shape_id(shape_to_set_on_dest) == OBJ_TOO_COMPLEX_SHAPE_ID)) { st_table * table = rb_st_init_numtable_with_size(src_num_ivs); rb_obj_copy_ivs_to_hash_table(obj, table); rb_obj_convert_to_too_complex(dest, table); return; } } RUBY_ASSERT(src_num_ivs <= shape_to_set_on_dest->capacity || rb_shape_id(shape_to_set_on_dest) == OBJ_TOO_COMPLEX_SHAPE_ID); if (initial_shape->capacity < shape_to_set_on_dest->capacity) { rb_ensure_iv_list_size(dest, initial_shape->capacity, shape_to_set_on_dest->capacity); dest_buf = ROBJECT_IVPTR(dest); } MEMCPY(dest_buf, src_buf, VALUE, src_num_ivs); // Fire write barriers for (uint32_t i = 0; i < src_num_ivs; i++) { RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(dest, Qundef, dest_buf[i]); } rb_shape_set_shape(dest, shape_to_set_on_dest); } static void init_copy(VALUE dest, VALUE obj) { if (OBJ_FROZEN(dest)) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "[bug] frozen object (%s) allocated", rb_obj_classname(dest)); } RBASIC(dest)->flags &= ~(T_MASK|FL_EXIVAR); // Copies the shape id from obj to dest RBASIC(dest)->flags |= RBASIC(obj)->flags & (T_MASK|FL_EXIVAR); rb_copy_wb_protected_attribute(dest, obj); rb_copy_generic_ivar(dest, obj); rb_gc_copy_finalizer(dest, obj); if (RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_OBJECT)) { rb_obj_copy_ivar(dest, obj); } } static VALUE immutable_obj_clone(VALUE obj, VALUE kwfreeze); static VALUE mutable_obj_clone(VALUE obj, VALUE kwfreeze); PUREFUNC(static inline int special_object_p(VALUE obj)); /*!< \private */ static inline int special_object_p(VALUE obj) { if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) return TRUE; switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) { case T_BIGNUM: case T_FLOAT: case T_SYMBOL: case T_RATIONAL: case T_COMPLEX: /* not a comprehensive list */ return TRUE; default: return FALSE; } } static VALUE obj_freeze_opt(VALUE freeze) { switch (freeze) { case Qfalse: case Qtrue: case Qnil: break; default: rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unexpected value for freeze: %"PRIsVALUE, rb_obj_class(freeze)); } return freeze; } static VALUE rb_obj_clone2(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE obj, VALUE freeze) { VALUE kwfreeze = obj_freeze_opt(freeze); if (!special_object_p(obj)) return mutable_obj_clone(obj, kwfreeze); return immutable_obj_clone(obj, kwfreeze); } /*! \private */ VALUE rb_immutable_obj_clone(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj) { VALUE kwfreeze = rb_get_freeze_opt(argc, argv); return immutable_obj_clone(obj, kwfreeze); } VALUE rb_get_freeze_opt(int argc, VALUE *argv) { static ID keyword_ids[1]; VALUE opt; VALUE kwfreeze = Qnil; if (!keyword_ids[0]) { CONST_ID(keyword_ids[0], "freeze"); } rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "0:", &opt); if (!NIL_P(opt)) { rb_get_kwargs(opt, keyword_ids, 0, 1, &kwfreeze); if (!UNDEF_P(kwfreeze)) kwfreeze = obj_freeze_opt(kwfreeze); } return kwfreeze; } static VALUE immutable_obj_clone(VALUE obj, VALUE kwfreeze) { if (kwfreeze == Qfalse) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "can't unfreeze %"PRIsVALUE, rb_obj_class(obj)); return obj; } VALUE rb_obj_clone_setup(VALUE obj, VALUE clone, VALUE kwfreeze) { VALUE argv[2]; VALUE singleton = rb_singleton_class_clone_and_attach(obj, clone); RBASIC_SET_CLASS(clone, singleton); if (FL_TEST(singleton, FL_SINGLETON)) { rb_singleton_class_attached(singleton, clone); } init_copy(clone, obj); switch (kwfreeze) { case Qnil: rb_funcall(clone, id_init_clone, 1, obj); RBASIC(clone)->flags |= RBASIC(obj)->flags & FL_FREEZE; if (RB_OBJ_FROZEN(obj)) { rb_shape_t * next_shape = rb_shape_transition_shape_frozen(clone); if (!rb_shape_obj_too_complex(clone) && next_shape->type == SHAPE_OBJ_TOO_COMPLEX) { rb_evict_ivars_to_hash(clone); } else { rb_shape_set_shape(clone, next_shape); } } break; case Qtrue: { static VALUE freeze_true_hash; if (!freeze_true_hash) { freeze_true_hash = rb_hash_new(); rb_gc_register_mark_object(freeze_true_hash); rb_hash_aset(freeze_true_hash, ID2SYM(idFreeze), Qtrue); rb_obj_freeze(freeze_true_hash); } argv[0] = obj; argv[1] = freeze_true_hash; rb_funcallv_kw(clone, id_init_clone, 2, argv, RB_PASS_KEYWORDS); RBASIC(clone)->flags |= FL_FREEZE; rb_shape_t * next_shape = rb_shape_transition_shape_frozen(clone); // If we're out of shapes, but we want to freeze, then we need to // evacuate this clone to a hash if (!rb_shape_obj_too_complex(clone) && next_shape->type == SHAPE_OBJ_TOO_COMPLEX) { rb_evict_ivars_to_hash(clone); } else { rb_shape_set_shape(clone, next_shape); } break; } case Qfalse: { static VALUE freeze_false_hash; if (!freeze_false_hash) { freeze_false_hash = rb_hash_new(); rb_gc_register_mark_object(freeze_false_hash); rb_hash_aset(freeze_false_hash, ID2SYM(idFreeze), Qfalse); rb_obj_freeze(freeze_false_hash); } argv[0] = obj; argv[1] = freeze_false_hash; rb_funcallv_kw(clone, id_init_clone, 2, argv, RB_PASS_KEYWORDS); break; } default: rb_bug("invalid kwfreeze passed to mutable_obj_clone"); } return clone; } static VALUE mutable_obj_clone(VALUE obj, VALUE kwfreeze) { VALUE clone = rb_obj_alloc(rb_obj_class(obj)); return rb_obj_clone_setup(obj, clone, kwfreeze); } VALUE rb_obj_clone(VALUE obj) { if (special_object_p(obj)) return obj; return mutable_obj_clone(obj, Qnil); } VALUE rb_obj_dup_setup(VALUE obj, VALUE dup) { init_copy(dup, obj); rb_funcall(dup, id_init_dup, 1, obj); return dup; } /* * call-seq: * obj.dup -> an_object * * Produces a shallow copy of obj---the instance variables of * obj are copied, but not the objects they reference. * * This method may have class-specific behavior. If so, that * behavior will be documented under the #+initialize_copy+ method of * the class. * * === on dup vs clone * * In general, #clone and #dup may have different semantics in * descendant classes. While #clone is used to duplicate an object, * including its internal state, #dup typically uses the class of the * descendant object to create the new instance. * * When using #dup, any modules that the object has been extended with will not * be copied. * * class Klass * attr_accessor :str * end * * module Foo * def foo; 'foo'; end * end * * s1 = Klass.new #=> # * s1.extend(Foo) #=> # * s1.foo #=> "foo" * * s2 = s1.clone #=> # * s2.foo #=> "foo" * * s3 = s1.dup #=> # * s3.foo #=> NoMethodError: undefined method `foo' for # */ VALUE rb_obj_dup(VALUE obj) { VALUE dup; if (special_object_p(obj)) { return obj; } dup = rb_obj_alloc(rb_obj_class(obj)); return rb_obj_dup_setup(obj, dup); } /* * call-seq: * obj.itself -> obj * * Returns the receiver. * * string = "my string" * string.itself.object_id == string.object_id #=> true * */ static VALUE rb_obj_itself(VALUE obj) { return obj; } VALUE rb_obj_size(VALUE self, VALUE args, VALUE obj) { return LONG2FIX(1); } /** * :nodoc: *-- * Default implementation of \c #initialize_copy * \param[in,out] obj the receiver being initialized * \param[in] orig the object to be copied from. *++ */ VALUE rb_obj_init_copy(VALUE obj, VALUE orig) { if (obj == orig) return obj; rb_check_frozen(obj); if (TYPE(obj) != TYPE(orig) || rb_obj_class(obj) != rb_obj_class(orig)) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "initialize_copy should take same class object"); } return obj; } /*! * :nodoc: *-- * Default implementation of \c #initialize_dup * * \param[in,out] obj the receiver being initialized * \param[in] orig the object to be dup from. *++ **/ VALUE rb_obj_init_dup_clone(VALUE obj, VALUE orig) { rb_funcall(obj, id_init_copy, 1, orig); return obj; } /*! * :nodoc: *-- * Default implementation of \c #initialize_clone * * \param[in] The number of arguments * \param[in] The array of arguments * \param[in] obj the receiver being initialized *++ **/ static VALUE rb_obj_init_clone(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj) { VALUE orig, opts; if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &orig, &opts) < argc) { /* Ignore a freeze keyword */ rb_get_freeze_opt(1, &opts); } rb_funcall(obj, id_init_copy, 1, orig); return obj; } /* * call-seq: * obj.to_s -> string * * Returns a string representing obj. The default #to_s prints * the object's class and an encoding of the object id. As a special * case, the top-level object that is the initial execution context * of Ruby programs returns ``main''. * */ VALUE rb_any_to_s(VALUE obj) { VALUE str; VALUE cname = rb_class_name(CLASS_OF(obj)); str = rb_sprintf("#<%"PRIsVALUE":%p>", cname, (void*)obj); return str; } VALUE rb_inspect(VALUE obj) { VALUE str = rb_obj_as_string(rb_funcallv(obj, id_inspect, 0, 0)); rb_encoding *enc = rb_default_internal_encoding(); if (enc == NULL) enc = rb_default_external_encoding(); if (!rb_enc_asciicompat(enc)) { if (!rb_enc_str_asciionly_p(str)) return rb_str_escape(str); return str; } if (rb_enc_get(str) != enc && !rb_enc_str_asciionly_p(str)) return rb_str_escape(str); return str; } static int inspect_i(ID id, VALUE value, st_data_t a) { VALUE str = (VALUE)a; /* need not to show internal data */ if (CLASS_OF(value) == 0) return ST_CONTINUE; if (!rb_is_instance_id(id)) return ST_CONTINUE; if (RSTRING_PTR(str)[0] == '-') { /* first element */ RSTRING_PTR(str)[0] = '#'; rb_str_cat2(str, " "); } else { rb_str_cat2(str, ", "); } rb_str_catf(str, "%"PRIsVALUE"=", rb_id2str(id)); rb_str_buf_append(str, rb_inspect(value)); return ST_CONTINUE; } static VALUE inspect_obj(VALUE obj, VALUE str, int recur) { if (recur) { rb_str_cat2(str, " ..."); } else { rb_ivar_foreach(obj, inspect_i, str); } rb_str_cat2(str, ">"); RSTRING_PTR(str)[0] = '#'; return str; } /* * call-seq: * obj.inspect -> string * * Returns a string containing a human-readable representation of obj. * The default #inspect shows the object's class name, an encoding of * its memory address, and a list of the instance variables and their * values (by calling #inspect on each of them). User defined classes * should override this method to provide a better representation of * obj. When overriding this method, it should return a string * whose encoding is compatible with the default external encoding. * * [ 1, 2, 3..4, 'five' ].inspect #=> "[1, 2, 3..4, \"five\"]" * Time.new.inspect #=> "2008-03-08 19:43:39 +0900" * * class Foo * end * Foo.new.inspect #=> "#" * * class Bar * def initialize * @bar = 1 * end * end * Bar.new.inspect #=> "#" */ static VALUE rb_obj_inspect(VALUE obj) { if (rb_ivar_count(obj) > 0) { VALUE str; VALUE c = rb_class_name(CLASS_OF(obj)); str = rb_sprintf("-<%"PRIsVALUE":%p", c, (void*)obj); return rb_exec_recursive(inspect_obj, obj, str); } else { return rb_any_to_s(obj); } } static VALUE class_or_module_required(VALUE c) { switch (OBJ_BUILTIN_TYPE(c)) { case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_ICLASS: break; default: rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "class or module required"); } return c; } static VALUE class_search_ancestor(VALUE cl, VALUE c); /* * call-seq: * obj.instance_of?(class) -> true or false * * Returns true if obj is an instance of the given * class. See also Object#kind_of?. * * class A; end * class B < A; end * class C < B; end * * b = B.new * b.instance_of? A #=> false * b.instance_of? B #=> true * b.instance_of? C #=> false */ VALUE rb_obj_is_instance_of(VALUE obj, VALUE c) { c = class_or_module_required(c); return RBOOL(rb_obj_class(obj) == c); } // Returns whether c is a proper (c != cl) subclass of cl // Both c and cl must be T_CLASS static VALUE class_search_class_ancestor(VALUE cl, VALUE c) { RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(c, T_CLASS)); RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(cl, T_CLASS)); size_t c_depth = RCLASS_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(c); size_t cl_depth = RCLASS_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(cl); VALUE *classes = RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES(cl); // If c's inheritance chain is longer, it cannot be an ancestor // We are checking for a proper subclass so don't check if they are equal if (cl_depth <= c_depth) return Qfalse; // Otherwise check that c is in cl's inheritance chain return RBOOL(classes[c_depth] == c); } /* * call-seq: * obj.is_a?(class) -> true or false * obj.kind_of?(class) -> true or false * * Returns true if class is the class of * obj, or if class is one of the superclasses of * obj or modules included in obj. * * module M; end * class A * include M * end * class B < A; end * class C < B; end * * b = B.new * b.is_a? A #=> true * b.is_a? B #=> true * b.is_a? C #=> false * b.is_a? M #=> true * * b.kind_of? A #=> true * b.kind_of? B #=> true * b.kind_of? C #=> false * b.kind_of? M #=> true */ VALUE rb_obj_is_kind_of(VALUE obj, VALUE c) { VALUE cl = CLASS_OF(obj); RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(cl, T_CLASS)); // Fastest path: If the object's class is an exact match we know `c` is a // class without checking type and can return immediately. if (cl == c) return Qtrue; // Note: YJIT needs this function to never allocate and never raise when // `c` is a class or a module. if (LIKELY(RB_TYPE_P(c, T_CLASS))) { // Fast path: Both are T_CLASS return class_search_class_ancestor(cl, c); } else if (RB_TYPE_P(c, T_ICLASS)) { // First check if we inherit the includer // If we do we can return true immediately VALUE includer = RCLASS_INCLUDER(c); if (cl == includer) return Qtrue; // Usually includer is a T_CLASS here, except when including into an // already included Module. // If it is a class, attempt the fast class-to-class check and return // true if there is a match. if (RB_TYPE_P(includer, T_CLASS) && class_search_class_ancestor(cl, includer)) return Qtrue; // We don't include the ICLASS directly, so must check if we inherit // the module via another include return RBOOL(class_search_ancestor(cl, RCLASS_ORIGIN(c))); } else if (RB_TYPE_P(c, T_MODULE)) { // Slow path: check each ancestor in the linked list and its method table return RBOOL(class_search_ancestor(cl, RCLASS_ORIGIN(c))); } else { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "class or module required"); UNREACHABLE_RETURN(Qfalse); } } static VALUE class_search_ancestor(VALUE cl, VALUE c) { while (cl) { if (cl == c || RCLASS_M_TBL(cl) == RCLASS_M_TBL(c)) return cl; cl = RCLASS_SUPER(cl); } return 0; } /*! \private */ VALUE rb_class_search_ancestor(VALUE cl, VALUE c) { cl = class_or_module_required(cl); c = class_or_module_required(c); return class_search_ancestor(cl, RCLASS_ORIGIN(c)); } /* * Document-method: inherited * * call-seq: * inherited(subclass) * * Callback invoked whenever a subclass of the current class is created. * * Example: * * class Foo * def self.inherited(subclass) * puts "New subclass: #{subclass}" * end * end * * class Bar < Foo * end * * class Baz < Bar * end * * produces: * * New subclass: Bar * New subclass: Baz */ #define rb_obj_class_inherited rb_obj_dummy1 /* Document-method: method_added * * call-seq: * method_added(method_name) * * Invoked as a callback whenever an instance method is added to the * receiver. * * module Chatty * def self.method_added(method_name) * puts "Adding #{method_name.inspect}" * end * def self.some_class_method() end * def some_instance_method() end * end * * produces: * * Adding :some_instance_method * */ #define rb_obj_mod_method_added rb_obj_dummy1 /* Document-method: method_removed * * call-seq: * method_removed(method_name) * * Invoked as a callback whenever an instance method is removed from the * receiver. * * module Chatty * def self.method_removed(method_name) * puts "Removing #{method_name.inspect}" * end * def self.some_class_method() end * def some_instance_method() end * class << self * remove_method :some_class_method * end * remove_method :some_instance_method * end * * produces: * * Removing :some_instance_method * */ #define rb_obj_mod_method_removed rb_obj_dummy1 /* Document-method: method_undefined * * call-seq: * method_undefined(method_name) * * Invoked as a callback whenever an instance method is undefined from the * receiver. * * module Chatty * def self.method_undefined(method_name) * puts "Undefining #{method_name.inspect}" * end * def self.some_class_method() end * def some_instance_method() end * class << self * undef_method :some_class_method * end * undef_method :some_instance_method * end * * produces: * * Undefining :some_instance_method * */ #define rb_obj_mod_method_undefined rb_obj_dummy1 /* * Document-method: singleton_method_added * * call-seq: * singleton_method_added(symbol) * * Invoked as a callback whenever a singleton method is added to the * receiver. * * module Chatty * def Chatty.singleton_method_added(id) * puts "Adding #{id.id2name}" * end * def self.one() end * def two() end * def Chatty.three() end * end * * produces: * * Adding singleton_method_added * Adding one * Adding three * */ #define rb_obj_singleton_method_added rb_obj_dummy1 /* * Document-method: singleton_method_removed * * call-seq: * singleton_method_removed(symbol) * * Invoked as a callback whenever a singleton method is removed from * the receiver. * * module Chatty * def Chatty.singleton_method_removed(id) * puts "Removing #{id.id2name}" * end * def self.one() end * def two() end * def Chatty.three() end * class << self * remove_method :three * remove_method :one * end * end * * produces: * * Removing three * Removing one */ #define rb_obj_singleton_method_removed rb_obj_dummy1 /* * Document-method: singleton_method_undefined * * call-seq: * singleton_method_undefined(symbol) * * Invoked as a callback whenever a singleton method is undefined in * the receiver. * * module Chatty * def Chatty.singleton_method_undefined(id) * puts "Undefining #{id.id2name}" * end * def Chatty.one() end * class << self * undef_method(:one) * end * end * * produces: * * Undefining one */ #define rb_obj_singleton_method_undefined rb_obj_dummy1 /* Document-method: const_added * * call-seq: * const_added(const_name) * * Invoked as a callback whenever a constant is assigned on the receiver * * module Chatty * def self.const_added(const_name) * super * puts "Added #{const_name.inspect}" * end * FOO = 1 * end * * produces: * * Added :FOO * */ #define rb_obj_mod_const_added rb_obj_dummy1 /* * Document-method: extended * * call-seq: * extended(othermod) * * The equivalent of included, but for extended modules. * * module A * def self.extended(mod) * puts "#{self} extended in #{mod}" * end * end * module Enumerable * extend A * end * # => prints "A extended in Enumerable" */ #define rb_obj_mod_extended rb_obj_dummy1 /* * Document-method: included * * call-seq: * included(othermod) * * Callback invoked whenever the receiver is included in another * module or class. This should be used in preference to * Module.append_features if your code wants to perform some * action when a module is included in another. * * module A * def A.included(mod) * puts "#{self} included in #{mod}" * end * end * module Enumerable * include A * end * # => prints "A included in Enumerable" */ #define rb_obj_mod_included rb_obj_dummy1 /* * Document-method: prepended * * call-seq: * prepended(othermod) * * The equivalent of included, but for prepended modules. * * module A * def self.prepended(mod) * puts "#{self} prepended to #{mod}" * end * end * module Enumerable * prepend A * end * # => prints "A prepended to Enumerable" */ #define rb_obj_mod_prepended rb_obj_dummy1 /* * Document-method: initialize * * call-seq: * BasicObject.new * * Returns a new BasicObject. */ #define rb_obj_initialize rb_obj_dummy0 /* * Not documented */ static VALUE rb_obj_dummy(void) { return Qnil; } static VALUE rb_obj_dummy0(VALUE _) { return rb_obj_dummy(); } static VALUE rb_obj_dummy1(VALUE _x, VALUE _y) { return rb_obj_dummy(); } /* * call-seq: * obj.freeze -> obj * * Prevents further modifications to obj. A * FrozenError will be raised if modification is attempted. * There is no way to unfreeze a frozen object. See also * Object#frozen?. * * This method returns self. * * a = [ "a", "b", "c" ] * a.freeze * a << "z" * * produces: * * prog.rb:3:in `<<': can't modify frozen Array (FrozenError) * from prog.rb:3 * * Objects of the following classes are always frozen: Integer, * Float, Symbol. */ VALUE rb_obj_freeze(VALUE obj) { if (!OBJ_FROZEN(obj)) { OBJ_FREEZE(obj); if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) { rb_bug("special consts should be frozen."); } } return obj; } VALUE rb_obj_frozen_p(VALUE obj) { return RBOOL(OBJ_FROZEN(obj)); } /* * Document-class: NilClass * * The class of the singleton object +nil+. * * Several of its methods act as operators: * * - #& * - #| * - #=== * - #=~ * - #^ * * Others act as converters, carrying the concept of _nullity_ * to other classes: * * - #rationalize * - #to_a * - #to_c * - #to_h * - #to_r * - #to_s * * Another method provides inspection: * * - #inspect * * Finally, there is this query method: * * - #nil? * */ /* * call-seq: * to_s -> '' * * Returns an empty String: * * nil.to_s # => "" * */ VALUE rb_nil_to_s(VALUE obj) { return rb_cNilClass_to_s; } /* * Document-method: to_a * * call-seq: * to_a -> [] * * Returns an empty Array. * * nil.to_a # => [] * */ static VALUE nil_to_a(VALUE obj) { return rb_ary_new2(0); } /* * Document-method: to_h * * call-seq: * to_h -> {} * * Returns an empty Hash. * * nil.to_h #=> {} * */ static VALUE nil_to_h(VALUE obj) { return rb_hash_new(); } /* * call-seq: * inspect -> 'nil' * * Returns string 'nil': * * nil.inspect # => "nil" * */ static VALUE nil_inspect(VALUE obj) { return rb_usascii_str_new2("nil"); } /* * call-seq: * nil =~ object -> nil * * Returns +nil+. * * This method makes it useful to write: * * while gets =~ /re/ * # ... * end * */ static VALUE nil_match(VALUE obj1, VALUE obj2) { return Qnil; } /* * Document-class: TrueClass * * The class of the singleton object +true+. * * Several of its methods act as operators: * * - #& * - #| * - #=== * - #^ * * One other method: * * - #to_s and its alias #inspect. * */ /* * call-seq: * true.to_s -> 'true' * * Returns string 'true': * * true.to_s # => "true" * * TrueClass#inspect is an alias for TrueClass#to_s. * */ VALUE rb_true_to_s(VALUE obj) { return rb_cTrueClass_to_s; } /* * call-seq: * true & object -> true or false * * Returns +false+ if +object+ is +false+ or +nil+, +true+ otherwise: * * true & Object.new # => true * true & false # => false * true & nil # => false * */ static VALUE true_and(VALUE obj, VALUE obj2) { return RBOOL(RTEST(obj2)); } /* * call-seq: * true | object -> true * * Returns +true+: * * true | Object.new # => true * true | false # => true * true | nil # => true * * Argument +object+ is evaluated. * This is different from +true+ with the short-circuit operator, * whose operand is evaluated only if necessary: * * true | raise # => Raises RuntimeError. * true || raise # => true * */ static VALUE true_or(VALUE obj, VALUE obj2) { return Qtrue; } /* * call-seq: * true ^ object -> !object * * Returns +true+ if +object+ is +false+ or +nil+, +false+ otherwise: * * true ^ Object.new # => false * true ^ false # => true * true ^ nil # => true * */ static VALUE true_xor(VALUE obj, VALUE obj2) { return rb_obj_not(obj2); } /* * Document-class: FalseClass * * The global value false is the only instance of class * FalseClass and represents a logically false value in * boolean expressions. The class provides operators allowing * false to participate correctly in logical expressions. * */ /* * call-seq: * false.to_s -> "false" * * The string representation of false is "false". */ VALUE rb_false_to_s(VALUE obj) { return rb_cFalseClass_to_s; } /* * call-seq: * false & object -> false * nil & object -> false * * Returns +false+: * * false & true # => false * false & Object.new # => false * * Argument +object+ is evaluated: * * false & raise # Raises RuntimeError. * */ static VALUE false_and(VALUE obj, VALUE obj2) { return Qfalse; } /* * call-seq: * false | object -> true or false * nil | object -> true or false * * Returns +false+ if +object+ is +nil+ or +false+, +true+ otherwise: * * nil | nil # => false * nil | false # => false * nil | Object.new # => true * */ #define false_or true_and /* * call-seq: * false ^ object -> true or false * nil ^ object -> true or false * * Returns +false+ if +object+ is +nil+ or +false+, +true+ otherwise: * * nil ^ nil # => false * nil ^ false # => false * nil ^ Object.new # => true * */ #define false_xor true_and /* * call-seq: * nil.nil? -> true * * Returns +true+. * For all other objects, method nil? returns +false+. */ static VALUE rb_true(VALUE obj) { return Qtrue; } /* * call-seq: * obj.nil? -> true or false * * Only the object nil responds true to nil?. * * Object.new.nil? #=> false * nil.nil? #=> true */ VALUE rb_false(VALUE obj) { return Qfalse; } /* * call-seq: * obj !~ other -> true or false * * Returns true if two objects do not match (using the =~ * method), otherwise false. */ static VALUE rb_obj_not_match(VALUE obj1, VALUE obj2) { VALUE result = rb_funcall(obj1, id_match, 1, obj2); return rb_obj_not(result); } /* * call-seq: * obj <=> other -> 0 or nil * * Returns 0 if +obj+ and +other+ are the same object * or obj == other, otherwise nil. * * The #<=> is used by various methods to compare objects, for example * Enumerable#sort, Enumerable#max etc. * * Your implementation of #<=> should return one of the following values: -1, 0, * 1 or nil. -1 means self is smaller than other. 0 means self is equal to other. * 1 means self is bigger than other. Nil means the two values could not be * compared. * * When you define #<=>, you can include Comparable to gain the * methods #<=, #<, #==, #>=, #> and #between?. */ static VALUE rb_obj_cmp(VALUE obj1, VALUE obj2) { if (rb_equal(obj1, obj2)) return INT2FIX(0); return Qnil; } /*********************************************************************** * * Document-class: Module * * A Module is a collection of methods and constants. The * methods in a module may be instance methods or module methods. * Instance methods appear as methods in a class when the module is * included, module methods do not. Conversely, module methods may be * called without creating an encapsulating object, while instance * methods may not. (See Module#module_function.) * * In the descriptions that follow, the parameter sym refers * to a symbol, which is either a quoted string or a * Symbol (such as :name). * * module Mod * include Math * CONST = 1 * def meth * # ... * end * end * Mod.class #=> Module * Mod.constants #=> [:CONST, :PI, :E] * Mod.instance_methods #=> [:meth] * */ /* * call-seq: * mod.to_s -> string * * Returns a string representing this module or class. For basic * classes and modules, this is the name. For singletons, we * show information on the thing we're attached to as well. */ VALUE rb_mod_to_s(VALUE klass) { ID id_defined_at; VALUE refined_class, defined_at; if (FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON)) { VALUE s = rb_usascii_str_new2("#"); return s; } refined_class = rb_refinement_module_get_refined_class(klass); if (!NIL_P(refined_class)) { VALUE s = rb_usascii_str_new2("#"); return s; } return rb_class_name(klass); } /* * call-seq: * mod.freeze -> mod * * Prevents further modifications to mod. * * This method returns self. */ static VALUE rb_mod_freeze(VALUE mod) { rb_class_name(mod); return rb_obj_freeze(mod); } /* * call-seq: * mod === obj -> true or false * * Case Equality---Returns true if obj is an * instance of mod or an instance of one of mod's descendants. * Of limited use for modules, but can be used in case statements * to classify objects by class. */ static VALUE rb_mod_eqq(VALUE mod, VALUE arg) { return rb_obj_is_kind_of(arg, mod); } /* * call-seq: * mod <= other -> true, false, or nil * * Returns true if mod is a subclass of other or * is the same as other. Returns * nil if there's no relationship between the two. * (Think of the relationship in terms of the class definition: * "class A < B" implies "A < B".) */ VALUE rb_class_inherited_p(VALUE mod, VALUE arg) { if (mod == arg) return Qtrue; if (RB_TYPE_P(arg, T_CLASS) && RB_TYPE_P(mod, T_CLASS)) { // comparison between classes size_t mod_depth = RCLASS_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(mod); size_t arg_depth = RCLASS_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(arg); if (arg_depth < mod_depth) { // check if mod < arg return RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES(mod)[arg_depth] == arg ? Qtrue : Qnil; } else if (arg_depth > mod_depth) { // check if mod > arg return RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES(arg)[mod_depth] == mod ? Qfalse : Qnil; } else { // Depths match, and we know they aren't equal: no relation return Qnil; } } else { if (!CLASS_OR_MODULE_P(arg) && !RB_TYPE_P(arg, T_ICLASS)) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "compared with non class/module"); } if (class_search_ancestor(mod, RCLASS_ORIGIN(arg))) { return Qtrue; } /* not mod < arg; check if mod > arg */ if (class_search_ancestor(arg, mod)) { return Qfalse; } return Qnil; } } /* * call-seq: * mod < other -> true, false, or nil * * Returns true if mod is a subclass of other. Returns * false if mod is the same as other * or mod is an ancestor of other. * Returns nil if there's no relationship between the two. * (Think of the relationship in terms of the class definition: * "class A < B" implies "A < B".) * */ static VALUE rb_mod_lt(VALUE mod, VALUE arg) { if (mod == arg) return Qfalse; return rb_class_inherited_p(mod, arg); } /* * call-seq: * mod >= other -> true, false, or nil * * Returns true if mod is an ancestor of other, or the * two modules are the same. Returns * nil if there's no relationship between the two. * (Think of the relationship in terms of the class definition: * "class A < B" implies "B > A".) * */ static VALUE rb_mod_ge(VALUE mod, VALUE arg) { if (!CLASS_OR_MODULE_P(arg)) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "compared with non class/module"); } return rb_class_inherited_p(arg, mod); } /* * call-seq: * mod > other -> true, false, or nil * * Returns true if mod is an ancestor of other. Returns * false if mod is the same as other * or mod is a descendant of other. * Returns nil if there's no relationship between the two. * (Think of the relationship in terms of the class definition: * "class A < B" implies "B > A".) * */ static VALUE rb_mod_gt(VALUE mod, VALUE arg) { if (mod == arg) return Qfalse; return rb_mod_ge(mod, arg); } /* * call-seq: * module <=> other_module -> -1, 0, +1, or nil * * Comparison---Returns -1, 0, +1 or nil depending on whether +module+ * includes +other_module+, they are the same, or if +module+ is included by * +other_module+. * * Returns +nil+ if +module+ has no relationship with +other_module+, if * +other_module+ is not a module, or if the two values are incomparable. */ static VALUE rb_mod_cmp(VALUE mod, VALUE arg) { VALUE cmp; if (mod == arg) return INT2FIX(0); if (!CLASS_OR_MODULE_P(arg)) { return Qnil; } cmp = rb_class_inherited_p(mod, arg); if (NIL_P(cmp)) return Qnil; if (cmp) { return INT2FIX(-1); } return INT2FIX(1); } static VALUE rb_mod_initialize_exec(VALUE module); /* * call-seq: * Module.new -> mod * Module.new {|mod| block } -> mod * * Creates a new anonymous module. If a block is given, it is passed * the module object, and the block is evaluated in the context of this * module like #module_eval. * * fred = Module.new do * def meth1 * "hello" * end * def meth2 * "bye" * end * end * a = "my string" * a.extend(fred) #=> "my string" * a.meth1 #=> "hello" * a.meth2 #=> "bye" * * Assign the module to a constant (name starting uppercase) if you * want to treat it like a regular module. */ static VALUE rb_mod_initialize(VALUE module) { return rb_mod_initialize_exec(module); } static VALUE rb_mod_initialize_exec(VALUE module) { if (rb_block_given_p()) { rb_mod_module_exec(1, &module, module); } return Qnil; } /* :nodoc: */ static VALUE rb_mod_initialize_clone(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE clone) { VALUE ret, orig, opts; rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &orig, &opts); ret = rb_obj_init_clone(argc, argv, clone); if (OBJ_FROZEN(orig)) rb_class_name(clone); return ret; } /* * call-seq: * Class.new(super_class=Object) -> a_class * Class.new(super_class=Object) { |mod| ... } -> a_class * * Creates a new anonymous (unnamed) class with the given superclass * (or Object if no parameter is given). You can give a * class a name by assigning the class object to a constant. * * If a block is given, it is passed the class object, and the block * is evaluated in the context of this class like * #class_eval. * * fred = Class.new do * def meth1 * "hello" * end * def meth2 * "bye" * end * end * * a = fred.new #=> #<#:0x100376b98> * a.meth1 #=> "hello" * a.meth2 #=> "bye" * * Assign the class to a constant (name starting uppercase) if you * want to treat it like a regular class. */ static VALUE rb_class_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass) { VALUE super; if (RCLASS_SUPER(klass) != 0 || klass == rb_cBasicObject) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "already initialized class"); } if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) == 0) { super = rb_cObject; } else { super = argv[0]; rb_check_inheritable(super); if (super != rb_cBasicObject && !RCLASS_SUPER(super)) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't inherit uninitialized class"); } } RCLASS_SET_SUPER(klass, super); rb_make_metaclass(klass, RBASIC(super)->klass); rb_class_inherited(super, klass); rb_mod_initialize_exec(klass); return klass; } /*! \private */ void rb_undefined_alloc(VALUE klass) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "allocator undefined for %"PRIsVALUE, klass); } static rb_alloc_func_t class_get_alloc_func(VALUE klass); static VALUE class_call_alloc_func(rb_alloc_func_t allocator, VALUE klass); /* * call-seq: * class.allocate() -> obj * * Allocates space for a new object of class's class and does not * call initialize on the new instance. The returned object must be an * instance of class. * * klass = Class.new do * def initialize(*args) * @initialized = true * end * * def initialized? * @initialized || false * end * end * * klass.allocate.initialized? #=> false * */ static VALUE rb_class_alloc_m(VALUE klass) { rb_alloc_func_t allocator = class_get_alloc_func(klass); if (!rb_obj_respond_to(klass, rb_intern("allocate"), 1)) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "calling %"PRIsVALUE".allocate is prohibited", klass); } return class_call_alloc_func(allocator, klass); } static VALUE rb_class_alloc(VALUE klass) { rb_alloc_func_t allocator = class_get_alloc_func(klass); return class_call_alloc_func(allocator, klass); } static rb_alloc_func_t class_get_alloc_func(VALUE klass) { rb_alloc_func_t allocator; if (RCLASS_SUPER(klass) == 0 && klass != rb_cBasicObject) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't instantiate uninitialized class"); } if (FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON)) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't create instance of singleton class"); } allocator = rb_get_alloc_func(klass); if (!allocator) { rb_undefined_alloc(klass); } return allocator; } static VALUE class_call_alloc_func(rb_alloc_func_t allocator, VALUE klass) { VALUE obj; RUBY_DTRACE_CREATE_HOOK(OBJECT, rb_class2name(klass)); obj = (*allocator)(klass); if (rb_obj_class(obj) != rb_class_real(klass)) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong instance allocation"); } return obj; } VALUE rb_obj_alloc(VALUE klass) { Check_Type(klass, T_CLASS); return rb_class_alloc(klass); } /* * call-seq: * class.new(args, ...) -> obj * * Calls #allocate to create a new object of class's class, * then invokes that object's #initialize method, passing it * args. This is the method that ends up getting called * whenever an object is constructed using .new. * */ VALUE rb_class_new_instance_pass_kw(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE klass) { VALUE obj; obj = rb_class_alloc(klass); rb_obj_call_init_kw(obj, argc, argv, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS); return obj; } VALUE rb_class_new_instance_kw(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE klass, int kw_splat) { VALUE obj; Check_Type(klass, T_CLASS); obj = rb_class_alloc(klass); rb_obj_call_init_kw(obj, argc, argv, kw_splat); return obj; } VALUE rb_class_new_instance(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE klass) { return rb_class_new_instance_kw(argc, argv, klass, RB_NO_KEYWORDS); } /** * call-seq: * class.superclass -> a_super_class or nil * * Returns the superclass of class, or nil. * * File.superclass #=> IO * IO.superclass #=> Object * Object.superclass #=> BasicObject * class Foo; end * class Bar < Foo; end * Bar.superclass #=> Foo * * Returns nil when the given class does not have a parent class: * * BasicObject.superclass #=> nil * *-- * Returns the superclass of \a klass. Equivalent to \c Class\#superclass in Ruby. * * It skips modules. * \param[in] klass a Class object * \return the superclass, or \c Qnil if \a klass does not have a parent class. * \sa rb_class_get_superclass *++ */ VALUE rb_class_superclass(VALUE klass) { RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS)); VALUE super = RCLASS_SUPER(klass); if (!super) { if (klass == rb_cBasicObject) return Qnil; rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "uninitialized class"); } if (!RCLASS_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(klass)) { return Qnil; } else { super = RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES(klass)[RCLASS_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(klass) - 1]; RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS)); return super; } } VALUE rb_class_get_superclass(VALUE klass) { return RCLASS(klass)->super; } static const char bad_instance_name[] = "`%1$s' is not allowed as an instance variable name"; static const char bad_class_name[] = "`%1$s' is not allowed as a class variable name"; static const char bad_const_name[] = "wrong constant name %1$s"; static const char bad_attr_name[] = "invalid attribute name `%1$s'"; #define wrong_constant_name bad_const_name /*! \private */ #define id_for_var(obj, name, type) id_for_setter(obj, name, type, bad_##type##_name) /*! \private */ #define id_for_setter(obj, name, type, message) \ check_setter_id(obj, &(name), rb_is_##type##_id, rb_is_##type##_name, message, strlen(message)) static ID check_setter_id(VALUE obj, VALUE *pname, int (*valid_id_p)(ID), int (*valid_name_p)(VALUE), const char *message, size_t message_len) { ID id = rb_check_id(pname); VALUE name = *pname; if (id ? !valid_id_p(id) : !valid_name_p(name)) { rb_name_err_raise_str(rb_fstring_new(message, message_len), obj, name); } return id; } static int rb_is_attr_name(VALUE name) { return rb_is_local_name(name) || rb_is_const_name(name); } static int rb_is_attr_id(ID id) { return rb_is_local_id(id) || rb_is_const_id(id); } static ID id_for_attr(VALUE obj, VALUE name) { ID id = id_for_var(obj, name, attr); if (!id) id = rb_intern_str(name); return id; } /* * call-seq: * attr_reader(symbol, ...) -> array * attr(symbol, ...) -> array * attr_reader(string, ...) -> array * attr(string, ...) -> array * * Creates instance variables and corresponding methods that return the * value of each instance variable. Equivalent to calling * ``attr:name'' on each name in turn. * String arguments are converted to symbols. * Returns an array of defined method names as symbols. */ static VALUE rb_mod_attr_reader(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass) { int i; VALUE names = rb_ary_new2(argc); for (i=0; i array * attr(name, true) -> array * attr(name, false) -> array * * The first form is equivalent to #attr_reader. * The second form is equivalent to attr_accessor(name) but deprecated. * The last form is equivalent to attr_reader(name) but deprecated. * Returns an array of defined method names as symbols. *-- * \private * \todo can be static? *++ */ VALUE rb_mod_attr(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass) { if (argc == 2 && (argv[1] == Qtrue || argv[1] == Qfalse)) { ID id = id_for_attr(klass, argv[0]); VALUE names = rb_ary_new(); rb_category_warning(RB_WARN_CATEGORY_DEPRECATED, "optional boolean argument is obsoleted"); rb_attr(klass, id, 1, RTEST(argv[1]), TRUE); rb_ary_push(names, ID2SYM(id)); if (argv[1] == Qtrue) rb_ary_push(names, ID2SYM(rb_id_attrset(id))); return names; } return rb_mod_attr_reader(argc, argv, klass); } /* * call-seq: * attr_writer(symbol, ...) -> array * attr_writer(string, ...) -> array * * Creates an accessor method to allow assignment to the attribute * symbol.id2name. * String arguments are converted to symbols. * Returns an array of defined method names as symbols. */ static VALUE rb_mod_attr_writer(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass) { int i; VALUE names = rb_ary_new2(argc); for (i=0; i array * attr_accessor(string, ...) -> array * * Defines a named attribute for this module, where the name is * symbol.id2name, creating an instance variable * (@name) and a corresponding access method to read it. * Also creates a method called name= to set the attribute. * String arguments are converted to symbols. * Returns an array of defined method names as symbols. * * module Mod * attr_accessor(:one, :two) #=> [:one, :one=, :two, :two=] * end * Mod.instance_methods.sort #=> [:one, :one=, :two, :two=] */ static VALUE rb_mod_attr_accessor(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass) { int i; VALUE names = rb_ary_new2(argc * 2); for (i=0; i obj * mod.const_get(str, inherit=true) -> obj * * Checks for a constant with the given name in mod. * If +inherit+ is set, the lookup will also search * the ancestors (and +Object+ if mod is a +Module+). * * The value of the constant is returned if a definition is found, * otherwise a +NameError+ is raised. * * Math.const_get(:PI) #=> 3.14159265358979 * * This method will recursively look up constant names if a namespaced * class name is provided. For example: * * module Foo; class Bar; end end * Object.const_get 'Foo::Bar' * * The +inherit+ flag is respected on each lookup. For example: * * module Foo * class Bar * VAL = 10 * end * * class Baz < Bar; end * end * * Object.const_get 'Foo::Baz::VAL' # => 10 * Object.const_get 'Foo::Baz::VAL', false # => NameError * * If the argument is not a valid constant name a +NameError+ will be * raised with a warning "wrong constant name". * * Object.const_get 'foobar' #=> NameError: wrong constant name foobar * */ static VALUE rb_mod_const_get(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod) { VALUE name, recur; rb_encoding *enc; const char *pbeg, *p, *path, *pend; ID id; rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2); name = argv[0]; recur = (argc == 1) ? Qtrue : argv[1]; if (SYMBOL_P(name)) { if (!rb_is_const_sym(name)) goto wrong_name; id = rb_check_id(&name); if (!id) return rb_const_missing(mod, name); return RTEST(recur) ? rb_const_get(mod, id) : rb_const_get_at(mod, id); } path = StringValuePtr(name); enc = rb_enc_get(name); if (!rb_enc_asciicompat(enc)) { rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid class path encoding (non ASCII)"); } pbeg = p = path; pend = path + RSTRING_LEN(name); if (p >= pend || !*p) { goto wrong_name; } if (p + 2 < pend && p[0] == ':' && p[1] == ':') { mod = rb_cObject; p += 2; pbeg = p; } while (p < pend) { VALUE part; long len, beglen; while (p < pend && *p != ':') p++; if (pbeg == p) goto wrong_name; id = rb_check_id_cstr(pbeg, len = p-pbeg, enc); beglen = pbeg-path; if (p < pend && p[0] == ':') { if (p + 2 >= pend || p[1] != ':') goto wrong_name; p += 2; pbeg = p; } if (!RB_TYPE_P(mod, T_MODULE) && !RB_TYPE_P(mod, T_CLASS)) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%"PRIsVALUE" does not refer to class/module", QUOTE(name)); } if (!id) { part = rb_str_subseq(name, beglen, len); OBJ_FREEZE(part); if (!rb_is_const_name(part)) { name = part; goto wrong_name; } else if (!rb_method_basic_definition_p(CLASS_OF(mod), id_const_missing)) { part = rb_str_intern(part); mod = rb_const_missing(mod, part); continue; } else { rb_mod_const_missing(mod, part); } } if (!rb_is_const_id(id)) { name = ID2SYM(id); goto wrong_name; } #if 0 mod = rb_const_get_0(mod, id, beglen > 0 || !RTEST(recur), RTEST(recur), FALSE); #else if (!RTEST(recur)) { mod = rb_const_get_at(mod, id); } else if (beglen == 0) { mod = rb_const_get(mod, id); } else { mod = rb_const_get_from(mod, id); } #endif } return mod; wrong_name: rb_name_err_raise(wrong_constant_name, mod, name); UNREACHABLE_RETURN(Qundef); } /* * call-seq: * mod.const_set(sym, obj) -> obj * mod.const_set(str, obj) -> obj * * Sets the named constant to the given object, returning that object. * Creates a new constant if no constant with the given name previously * existed. * * Math.const_set("HIGH_SCHOOL_PI", 22.0/7.0) #=> 3.14285714285714 * Math::HIGH_SCHOOL_PI - Math::PI #=> 0.00126448926734968 * * If +sym+ or +str+ is not a valid constant name a +NameError+ will be * raised with a warning "wrong constant name". * * Object.const_set('foobar', 42) #=> NameError: wrong constant name foobar * */ static VALUE rb_mod_const_set(VALUE mod, VALUE name, VALUE value) { ID id = id_for_var(mod, name, const); if (!id) id = rb_intern_str(name); rb_const_set(mod, id, value); return value; } /* * call-seq: * mod.const_defined?(sym, inherit=true) -> true or false * mod.const_defined?(str, inherit=true) -> true or false * * Says whether _mod_ or its ancestors have a constant with the given name: * * Float.const_defined?(:EPSILON) #=> true, found in Float itself * Float.const_defined?("String") #=> true, found in Object (ancestor) * BasicObject.const_defined?(:Hash) #=> false * * If _mod_ is a +Module+, additionally +Object+ and its ancestors are checked: * * Math.const_defined?(:String) #=> true, found in Object * * In each of the checked classes or modules, if the constant is not present * but there is an autoload for it, +true+ is returned directly without * autoloading: * * module Admin * autoload :User, 'admin/user' * end * Admin.const_defined?(:User) #=> true * * If the constant is not found the callback +const_missing+ is *not* called * and the method returns +false+. * * If +inherit+ is false, the lookup only checks the constants in the receiver: * * IO.const_defined?(:SYNC) #=> true, found in File::Constants (ancestor) * IO.const_defined?(:SYNC, false) #=> false, not found in IO itself * * In this case, the same logic for autoloading applies. * * If the argument is not a valid constant name a +NameError+ is raised with the * message "wrong constant name _name_": * * Hash.const_defined? 'foobar' #=> NameError: wrong constant name foobar * */ static VALUE rb_mod_const_defined(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod) { VALUE name, recur; rb_encoding *enc; const char *pbeg, *p, *path, *pend; ID id; rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2); name = argv[0]; recur = (argc == 1) ? Qtrue : argv[1]; if (SYMBOL_P(name)) { if (!rb_is_const_sym(name)) goto wrong_name; id = rb_check_id(&name); if (!id) return Qfalse; return RTEST(recur) ? rb_const_defined(mod, id) : rb_const_defined_at(mod, id); } path = StringValuePtr(name); enc = rb_enc_get(name); if (!rb_enc_asciicompat(enc)) { rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid class path encoding (non ASCII)"); } pbeg = p = path; pend = path + RSTRING_LEN(name); if (p >= pend || !*p) { goto wrong_name; } if (p + 2 < pend && p[0] == ':' && p[1] == ':') { mod = rb_cObject; p += 2; pbeg = p; } while (p < pend) { VALUE part; long len, beglen; while (p < pend && *p != ':') p++; if (pbeg == p) goto wrong_name; id = rb_check_id_cstr(pbeg, len = p-pbeg, enc); beglen = pbeg-path; if (p < pend && p[0] == ':') { if (p + 2 >= pend || p[1] != ':') goto wrong_name; p += 2; pbeg = p; } if (!id) { part = rb_str_subseq(name, beglen, len); OBJ_FREEZE(part); if (!rb_is_const_name(part)) { name = part; goto wrong_name; } else { return Qfalse; } } if (!rb_is_const_id(id)) { name = ID2SYM(id); goto wrong_name; } #if 0 mod = rb_const_search(mod, id, beglen > 0 || !RTEST(recur), RTEST(recur), FALSE); if (UNDEF_P(mod)) return Qfalse; #else if (!RTEST(recur)) { if (!rb_const_defined_at(mod, id)) return Qfalse; if (p == pend) return Qtrue; mod = rb_const_get_at(mod, id); } else if (beglen == 0) { if (!rb_const_defined(mod, id)) return Qfalse; if (p == pend) return Qtrue; mod = rb_const_get(mod, id); } else { if (!rb_const_defined_from(mod, id)) return Qfalse; if (p == pend) return Qtrue; mod = rb_const_get_from(mod, id); } #endif if (p < pend && !RB_TYPE_P(mod, T_MODULE) && !RB_TYPE_P(mod, T_CLASS)) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%"PRIsVALUE" does not refer to class/module", QUOTE(name)); } } return Qtrue; wrong_name: rb_name_err_raise(wrong_constant_name, mod, name); UNREACHABLE_RETURN(Qundef); } /* * call-seq: * mod.const_source_location(sym, inherit=true) -> [String, Integer] * mod.const_source_location(str, inherit=true) -> [String, Integer] * * Returns the Ruby source filename and line number containing the definition * of the constant specified. If the named constant is not found, +nil+ is returned. * If the constant is found, but its source location can not be extracted * (constant is defined in C code), empty array is returned. * * _inherit_ specifies whether to lookup in mod.ancestors (+true+ * by default). * * # test.rb: * class A # line 1 * C1 = 1 * C2 = 2 * end * * module M # line 6 * C3 = 3 * end * * class B < A # line 10 * include M * C4 = 4 * end * * class A # continuation of A definition * C2 = 8 # constant redefinition; warned yet allowed * end * * p B.const_source_location('C4') # => ["test.rb", 12] * p B.const_source_location('C3') # => ["test.rb", 7] * p B.const_source_location('C1') # => ["test.rb", 2] * * p B.const_source_location('C3', false) # => nil -- don't lookup in ancestors * * p A.const_source_location('C2') # => ["test.rb", 16] -- actual (last) definition place * * p Object.const_source_location('B') # => ["test.rb", 10] -- top-level constant could be looked through Object * p Object.const_source_location('A') # => ["test.rb", 1] -- class reopening is NOT considered new definition * * p B.const_source_location('A') # => ["test.rb", 1] -- because Object is in ancestors * p M.const_source_location('A') # => ["test.rb", 1] -- Object is not ancestor, but additionally checked for modules * * p Object.const_source_location('A::C1') # => ["test.rb", 2] -- nesting is supported * p Object.const_source_location('String') # => [] -- constant is defined in C code * * */ static VALUE rb_mod_const_source_location(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod) { VALUE name, recur, loc = Qnil; rb_encoding *enc; const char *pbeg, *p, *path, *pend; ID id; rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2); name = argv[0]; recur = (argc == 1) ? Qtrue : argv[1]; if (SYMBOL_P(name)) { if (!rb_is_const_sym(name)) goto wrong_name; id = rb_check_id(&name); if (!id) return Qnil; return RTEST(recur) ? rb_const_source_location(mod, id) : rb_const_source_location_at(mod, id); } path = StringValuePtr(name); enc = rb_enc_get(name); if (!rb_enc_asciicompat(enc)) { rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid class path encoding (non ASCII)"); } pbeg = p = path; pend = path + RSTRING_LEN(name); if (p >= pend || !*p) { goto wrong_name; } if (p + 2 < pend && p[0] == ':' && p[1] == ':') { mod = rb_cObject; p += 2; pbeg = p; } while (p < pend) { VALUE part; long len, beglen; while (p < pend && *p != ':') p++; if (pbeg == p) goto wrong_name; id = rb_check_id_cstr(pbeg, len = p-pbeg, enc); beglen = pbeg-path; if (p < pend && p[0] == ':') { if (p + 2 >= pend || p[1] != ':') goto wrong_name; p += 2; pbeg = p; } if (!id) { part = rb_str_subseq(name, beglen, len); OBJ_FREEZE(part); if (!rb_is_const_name(part)) { name = part; goto wrong_name; } else { return Qnil; } } if (!rb_is_const_id(id)) { name = ID2SYM(id); goto wrong_name; } if (p < pend) { if (RTEST(recur)) { mod = rb_const_get(mod, id); } else { mod = rb_const_get_at(mod, id); } if (!RB_TYPE_P(mod, T_MODULE) && !RB_TYPE_P(mod, T_CLASS)) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%"PRIsVALUE" does not refer to class/module", QUOTE(name)); } } else { if (RTEST(recur)) { loc = rb_const_source_location(mod, id); } else { loc = rb_const_source_location_at(mod, id); } break; } recur = Qfalse; } return loc; wrong_name: rb_name_err_raise(wrong_constant_name, mod, name); UNREACHABLE_RETURN(Qundef); } /* * call-seq: * obj.instance_variable_get(symbol) -> obj * obj.instance_variable_get(string) -> obj * * Returns the value of the given instance variable, or nil if the * instance variable is not set. The @ part of the * variable name should be included for regular instance * variables. Throws a NameError exception if the * supplied symbol is not valid as an instance variable name. * String arguments are converted to symbols. * * class Fred * def initialize(p1, p2) * @a, @b = p1, p2 * end * end * fred = Fred.new('cat', 99) * fred.instance_variable_get(:@a) #=> "cat" * fred.instance_variable_get("@b") #=> 99 */ static VALUE rb_obj_ivar_get(VALUE obj, VALUE iv) { ID id = id_for_var(obj, iv, instance); if (!id) { return Qnil; } return rb_ivar_get(obj, id); } /* * call-seq: * obj.instance_variable_set(symbol, obj) -> obj * obj.instance_variable_set(string, obj) -> obj * * Sets the instance variable named by symbol to the given * object. This may circumvent the encapsulation intended by * the author of the class, so it should be used with care. * The variable does not have to exist prior to this call. * If the instance variable name is passed as a string, that string * is converted to a symbol. * * class Fred * def initialize(p1, p2) * @a, @b = p1, p2 * end * end * fred = Fred.new('cat', 99) * fred.instance_variable_set(:@a, 'dog') #=> "dog" * fred.instance_variable_set(:@c, 'cat') #=> "cat" * fred.inspect #=> "#" */ static VALUE rb_obj_ivar_set_m(VALUE obj, VALUE iv, VALUE val) { ID id = id_for_var(obj, iv, instance); if (!id) id = rb_intern_str(iv); return rb_ivar_set(obj, id, val); } /* * call-seq: * obj.instance_variable_defined?(symbol) -> true or false * obj.instance_variable_defined?(string) -> true or false * * Returns true if the given instance variable is * defined in obj. * String arguments are converted to symbols. * * class Fred * def initialize(p1, p2) * @a, @b = p1, p2 * end * end * fred = Fred.new('cat', 99) * fred.instance_variable_defined?(:@a) #=> true * fred.instance_variable_defined?("@b") #=> true * fred.instance_variable_defined?("@c") #=> false */ static VALUE rb_obj_ivar_defined(VALUE obj, VALUE iv) { ID id = id_for_var(obj, iv, instance); if (!id) { return Qfalse; } return rb_ivar_defined(obj, id); } /* * call-seq: * mod.class_variable_get(symbol) -> obj * mod.class_variable_get(string) -> obj * * Returns the value of the given class variable (or throws a * NameError exception). The @@ part of the * variable name should be included for regular class variables. * String arguments are converted to symbols. * * class Fred * @@foo = 99 * end * Fred.class_variable_get(:@@foo) #=> 99 */ static VALUE rb_mod_cvar_get(VALUE obj, VALUE iv) { ID id = id_for_var(obj, iv, class); if (!id) { rb_name_err_raise("uninitialized class variable %1$s in %2$s", obj, iv); } return rb_cvar_get(obj, id); } /* * call-seq: * obj.class_variable_set(symbol, obj) -> obj * obj.class_variable_set(string, obj) -> obj * * Sets the class variable named by symbol to the given * object. * If the class variable name is passed as a string, that string * is converted to a symbol. * * class Fred * @@foo = 99 * def foo * @@foo * end * end * Fred.class_variable_set(:@@foo, 101) #=> 101 * Fred.new.foo #=> 101 */ static VALUE rb_mod_cvar_set(VALUE obj, VALUE iv, VALUE val) { ID id = id_for_var(obj, iv, class); if (!id) id = rb_intern_str(iv); rb_cvar_set(obj, id, val); return val; } /* * call-seq: * obj.class_variable_defined?(symbol) -> true or false * obj.class_variable_defined?(string) -> true or false * * Returns true if the given class variable is defined * in obj. * String arguments are converted to symbols. * * class Fred * @@foo = 99 * end * Fred.class_variable_defined?(:@@foo) #=> true * Fred.class_variable_defined?(:@@bar) #=> false */ static VALUE rb_mod_cvar_defined(VALUE obj, VALUE iv) { ID id = id_for_var(obj, iv, class); if (!id) { return Qfalse; } return rb_cvar_defined(obj, id); } /* * call-seq: * mod.singleton_class? -> true or false * * Returns true if mod is a singleton class or * false if it is an ordinary class or module. * * class C * end * C.singleton_class? #=> false * C.singleton_class.singleton_class? #=> true */ static VALUE rb_mod_singleton_p(VALUE klass) { return RBOOL(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS) && FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON)); } /*! \private */ static const struct conv_method_tbl { const char method[6]; unsigned short id; } conv_method_names[] = { #define M(n) {#n, (unsigned short)idTo_##n} M(int), M(ary), M(str), M(sym), M(hash), M(proc), M(io), M(a), M(s), M(i), M(f), M(r), #undef M }; #define IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS 7 static int conv_method_index(const char *method) { static const char prefix[] = "to_"; if (strncmp(prefix, method, sizeof(prefix)-1) == 0) { const char *const meth = &method[sizeof(prefix)-1]; int i; for (i=0; i < numberof(conv_method_names); i++) { if (conv_method_names[i].method[0] == meth[0] && strcmp(conv_method_names[i].method, meth) == 0) { return i; } } } return numberof(conv_method_names); } static VALUE convert_type_with_id(VALUE val, const char *tname, ID method, int raise, int index) { VALUE r = rb_check_funcall(val, method, 0, 0); if (UNDEF_P(r)) { if (raise) { const char *msg = ((index < 0 ? conv_method_index(rb_id2name(method)) : index) < IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS) ? "no implicit conversion of" : "can't convert"; const char *cname = NIL_P(val) ? "nil" : val == Qtrue ? "true" : val == Qfalse ? "false" : NULL; if (cname) rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s %s into %s", msg, cname, tname); rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s %"PRIsVALUE" into %s", msg, rb_obj_class(val), tname); } return Qnil; } return r; } static VALUE convert_type(VALUE val, const char *tname, const char *method, int raise) { int i = conv_method_index(method); ID m = i < numberof(conv_method_names) ? conv_method_names[i].id : rb_intern(method); return convert_type_with_id(val, tname, m, raise, i); } /*! \private */ NORETURN(static void conversion_mismatch(VALUE, const char *, const char *, VALUE)); static void conversion_mismatch(VALUE val, const char *tname, const char *method, VALUE result) { VALUE cname = rb_obj_class(val); rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't convert %"PRIsVALUE" to %s (%"PRIsVALUE"#%s gives %"PRIsVALUE")", cname, tname, cname, method, rb_obj_class(result)); } VALUE rb_convert_type(VALUE val, int type, const char *tname, const char *method) { VALUE v; if (TYPE(val) == type) return val; v = convert_type(val, tname, method, TRUE); if (TYPE(v) != type) { conversion_mismatch(val, tname, method, v); } return v; } /*! \private */ VALUE rb_convert_type_with_id(VALUE val, int type, const char *tname, ID method) { VALUE v; if (TYPE(val) == type) return val; v = convert_type_with_id(val, tname, method, TRUE, -1); if (TYPE(v) != type) { conversion_mismatch(val, tname, RSTRING_PTR(rb_id2str(method)), v); } return v; } VALUE rb_check_convert_type(VALUE val, int type, const char *tname, const char *method) { VALUE v; /* always convert T_DATA */ if (TYPE(val) == type && type != T_DATA) return val; v = convert_type(val, tname, method, FALSE); if (NIL_P(v)) return Qnil; if (TYPE(v) != type) { conversion_mismatch(val, tname, method, v); } return v; } /*! \private */ VALUE rb_check_convert_type_with_id(VALUE val, int type, const char *tname, ID method) { VALUE v; /* always convert T_DATA */ if (TYPE(val) == type && type != T_DATA) return val; v = convert_type_with_id(val, tname, method, FALSE, -1); if (NIL_P(v)) return Qnil; if (TYPE(v) != type) { conversion_mismatch(val, tname, RSTRING_PTR(rb_id2str(method)), v); } return v; } #define try_to_int(val, mid, raise) \ convert_type_with_id(val, "Integer", mid, raise, -1) ALWAYS_INLINE(static VALUE rb_to_integer_with_id_exception(VALUE val, const char *method, ID mid, int raise)); /* Integer specific rb_check_convert_type_with_id */ static inline VALUE rb_to_integer_with_id_exception(VALUE val, const char *method, ID mid, int raise) { VALUE v; if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(val)) return val; v = try_to_int(val, mid, raise); if (!raise && NIL_P(v)) return Qnil; if (!RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(v)) { conversion_mismatch(val, "Integer", method, v); } return v; } #define rb_to_integer(val, method, mid) \ rb_to_integer_with_id_exception(val, method, mid, TRUE) VALUE rb_check_to_integer(VALUE val, const char *method) { VALUE v; if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(val)) return val; v = convert_type(val, "Integer", method, FALSE); if (!RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(v)) { return Qnil; } return v; } VALUE rb_to_int(VALUE val) { return rb_to_integer(val, "to_int", idTo_int); } VALUE rb_check_to_int(VALUE val) { if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(val)) return val; val = try_to_int(val, idTo_int, FALSE); if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(val)) return val; return Qnil; } static VALUE rb_check_to_i(VALUE val) { if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(val)) return val; val = try_to_int(val, idTo_i, FALSE); if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(val)) return val; return Qnil; } static VALUE rb_convert_to_integer(VALUE val, int base, int raise_exception) { VALUE tmp; if (base) { tmp = rb_check_string_type(val); if (! NIL_P(tmp)) { val = tmp; } else if (! raise_exception) { return Qnil; } else { rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "base specified for non string value"); } } if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(val)) { double f = RFLOAT_VALUE(val); if (!raise_exception && !isfinite(f)) return Qnil; if (FIXABLE(f)) return LONG2FIX((long)f); return rb_dbl2big(f); } else if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(val)) { return val; } else if (RB_TYPE_P(val, T_STRING)) { return rb_str_convert_to_inum(val, base, TRUE, raise_exception); } else if (NIL_P(val)) { if (!raise_exception) return Qnil; rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't convert nil into Integer"); } tmp = rb_protect(rb_check_to_int, val, NULL); if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(tmp)) return tmp; rb_set_errinfo(Qnil); if (!NIL_P(tmp = rb_check_string_type(val))) { return rb_str_convert_to_inum(tmp, base, TRUE, raise_exception); } if (!raise_exception) { VALUE result = rb_protect(rb_check_to_i, val, NULL); rb_set_errinfo(Qnil); return result; } return rb_to_integer(val, "to_i", idTo_i); } VALUE rb_Integer(VALUE val) { return rb_convert_to_integer(val, 0, TRUE); } VALUE rb_check_integer_type(VALUE val) { return rb_to_integer_with_id_exception(val, "to_int", idTo_int, FALSE); } int rb_bool_expected(VALUE obj, const char *flagname, int raise) { switch (obj) { case Qtrue: return TRUE; case Qfalse: return FALSE; default: { static const char message[] = "expected true or false as %s: %+"PRIsVALUE; if (raise) { rb_raise(rb_eArgError, message, flagname, obj); } rb_warning(message, flagname, obj); return !NIL_P(obj); } } } int rb_opts_exception_p(VALUE opts, int default_value) { static const ID kwds[1] = {idException}; VALUE exception; if (rb_get_kwargs(opts, kwds, 0, 1, &exception)) return rb_bool_expected(exception, "exception", TRUE); return default_value; } static VALUE rb_f_integer1(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE obj, VALUE arg) { return rb_convert_to_integer(arg, 0, TRUE); } static VALUE rb_f_integer(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE obj, VALUE arg, VALUE base, VALUE exception) { int exc = rb_bool_expected(exception, "exception", TRUE); return rb_convert_to_integer(arg, NUM2INT(base), exc); } static double rb_cstr_to_dbl_raise(const char *p, int badcheck, int raise, int *error) { const char *q; char *end; double d; const char *ellipsis = ""; int w; enum {max_width = 20}; #define OutOfRange() ((end - p > max_width) ? \ (w = max_width, ellipsis = "...") : \ (w = (int)(end - p), ellipsis = "")) if (!p) return 0.0; q = p; while (ISSPACE(*p)) p++; if (!badcheck && p[0] == '0' && (p[1] == 'x' || p[1] == 'X')) { return 0.0; } d = strtod(p, &end); if (errno == ERANGE) { OutOfRange(); rb_warning("Float %.*s%s out of range", w, p, ellipsis); errno = 0; } if (p == end) { if (badcheck) { goto bad; } return d; } if (*end) { char buf[DBL_DIG * 4 + 10]; char *n = buf; char *const init_e = buf + DBL_DIG * 4; char *e = init_e; char prev = 0; int dot_seen = FALSE; switch (*p) {case '+': case '-': prev = *n++ = *p++;} if (*p == '0') { prev = *n++ = '0'; while (*++p == '0'); } while (p < end && n < e) prev = *n++ = *p++; while (*p) { if (*p == '_') { /* remove an underscore between digits */ if (n == buf || !ISDIGIT(prev) || (++p, !ISDIGIT(*p))) { if (badcheck) goto bad; break; } } prev = *p++; if (e == init_e && (prev == 'e' || prev == 'E' || prev == 'p' || prev == 'P')) { e = buf + sizeof(buf) - 1; *n++ = prev; switch (*p) {case '+': case '-': prev = *n++ = *p++;} if (*p == '0') { prev = *n++ = '0'; while (*++p == '0'); } continue; } else if (ISSPACE(prev)) { while (ISSPACE(*p)) ++p; if (*p) { if (badcheck) goto bad; break; } } else if (prev == '.' ? dot_seen++ : !ISDIGIT(prev)) { if (badcheck) goto bad; break; } if (n < e) *n++ = prev; } *n = '\0'; p = buf; if (!badcheck && p[0] == '0' && (p[1] == 'x' || p[1] == 'X')) { return 0.0; } d = strtod(p, &end); if (errno == ERANGE) { OutOfRange(); rb_warning("Float %.*s%s out of range", w, p, ellipsis); errno = 0; } if (badcheck) { if (!end || p == end) goto bad; while (*end && ISSPACE(*end)) end++; if (*end) goto bad; } } if (errno == ERANGE) { errno = 0; OutOfRange(); rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Float %.*s%s out of range", w, q, ellipsis); } return d; bad: if (raise) { rb_invalid_str(q, "Float()"); UNREACHABLE_RETURN(nan("")); } else { if (error) *error = 1; return 0.0; } } double rb_cstr_to_dbl(const char *p, int badcheck) { return rb_cstr_to_dbl_raise(p, badcheck, TRUE, NULL); } static double rb_str_to_dbl_raise(VALUE str, int badcheck, int raise, int *error) { char *s; long len; double ret; VALUE v = 0; StringValue(str); rb_must_asciicompat(str); s = RSTRING_PTR(str); len = RSTRING_LEN(str); if (s) { if (badcheck && memchr(s, '\0', len)) { if (raise) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "string for Float contains null byte"); else { if (error) *error = 1; return 0.0; } } if (s[len]) { /* no sentinel somehow */ char *p = ALLOCV(v, (size_t)len + 1); MEMCPY(p, s, char, len); p[len] = '\0'; s = p; } } ret = rb_cstr_to_dbl_raise(s, badcheck, raise, error); if (v) ALLOCV_END(v); return ret; } FUNC_MINIMIZED(double rb_str_to_dbl(VALUE str, int badcheck)); double rb_str_to_dbl(VALUE str, int badcheck) { return rb_str_to_dbl_raise(str, badcheck, TRUE, NULL); } /*! \cond INTERNAL_MACRO */ #define fix2dbl_without_to_f(x) (double)FIX2LONG(x) #define big2dbl_without_to_f(x) rb_big2dbl(x) #define int2dbl_without_to_f(x) \ (FIXNUM_P(x) ? fix2dbl_without_to_f(x) : big2dbl_without_to_f(x)) #define num2dbl_without_to_f(x) \ (FIXNUM_P(x) ? fix2dbl_without_to_f(x) : \ RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(x) ? big2dbl_without_to_f(x) : \ (Check_Type(x, T_FLOAT), RFLOAT_VALUE(x))) static inline double rat2dbl_without_to_f(VALUE x) { VALUE num = rb_rational_num(x); VALUE den = rb_rational_den(x); return num2dbl_without_to_f(num) / num2dbl_without_to_f(den); } #define special_const_to_float(val, pre, post) \ switch (val) { \ case Qnil: \ rb_raise_static(rb_eTypeError, pre "nil" post); \ case Qtrue: \ rb_raise_static(rb_eTypeError, pre "true" post); \ case Qfalse: \ rb_raise_static(rb_eTypeError, pre "false" post); \ } /*! \endcond */ static inline void conversion_to_float(VALUE val) { special_const_to_float(val, "can't convert ", " into Float"); } static inline void implicit_conversion_to_float(VALUE val) { special_const_to_float(val, "no implicit conversion to float from ", ""); } static int to_float(VALUE *valp, int raise_exception) { VALUE val = *valp; if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(val)) { if (FIXNUM_P(val)) { *valp = DBL2NUM(fix2dbl_without_to_f(val)); return T_FLOAT; } else if (FLONUM_P(val)) { return T_FLOAT; } else if (raise_exception) { conversion_to_float(val); } } else { int type = BUILTIN_TYPE(val); switch (type) { case T_FLOAT: return T_FLOAT; case T_BIGNUM: *valp = DBL2NUM(big2dbl_without_to_f(val)); return T_FLOAT; case T_RATIONAL: *valp = DBL2NUM(rat2dbl_without_to_f(val)); return T_FLOAT; case T_STRING: return T_STRING; } } return T_NONE; } static VALUE convert_type_to_float_protected(VALUE val) { return rb_convert_type_with_id(val, T_FLOAT, "Float", id_to_f); } static VALUE rb_convert_to_float(VALUE val, int raise_exception) { switch (to_float(&val, raise_exception)) { case T_FLOAT: return val; case T_STRING: if (!raise_exception) { int e = 0; double x = rb_str_to_dbl_raise(val, TRUE, raise_exception, &e); return e ? Qnil : DBL2NUM(x); } return DBL2NUM(rb_str_to_dbl(val, TRUE)); case T_NONE: if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(val) && !raise_exception) return Qnil; } if (!raise_exception) { int state; VALUE result = rb_protect(convert_type_to_float_protected, val, &state); if (state) rb_set_errinfo(Qnil); return result; } return rb_convert_type_with_id(val, T_FLOAT, "Float", id_to_f); } FUNC_MINIMIZED(VALUE rb_Float(VALUE val)); VALUE rb_Float(VALUE val) { return rb_convert_to_float(val, TRUE); } static VALUE rb_f_float1(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE obj, VALUE arg) { return rb_convert_to_float(arg, TRUE); } static VALUE rb_f_float(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE obj, VALUE arg, VALUE opts) { int exception = rb_bool_expected(opts, "exception", TRUE); return rb_convert_to_float(arg, exception); } static VALUE numeric_to_float(VALUE val) { if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, rb_cNumeric)) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't convert %"PRIsVALUE" into Float", rb_obj_class(val)); } return rb_convert_type_with_id(val, T_FLOAT, "Float", id_to_f); } VALUE rb_to_float(VALUE val) { switch (to_float(&val, TRUE)) { case T_FLOAT: return val; } return numeric_to_float(val); } VALUE rb_check_to_float(VALUE val) { if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(val)) return val; if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, rb_cNumeric)) { return Qnil; } return rb_check_convert_type_with_id(val, T_FLOAT, "Float", id_to_f); } static inline int basic_to_f_p(VALUE klass) { return rb_method_basic_definition_p(klass, id_to_f); } /*! \private */ double rb_num_to_dbl(VALUE val) { if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(val)) { if (FIXNUM_P(val)) { if (basic_to_f_p(rb_cInteger)) return fix2dbl_without_to_f(val); } else if (FLONUM_P(val)) { return rb_float_flonum_value(val); } else { conversion_to_float(val); } } else { switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(val)) { case T_FLOAT: return rb_float_noflonum_value(val); case T_BIGNUM: if (basic_to_f_p(rb_cInteger)) return big2dbl_without_to_f(val); break; case T_RATIONAL: if (basic_to_f_p(rb_cRational)) return rat2dbl_without_to_f(val); break; default: break; } } val = numeric_to_float(val); return RFLOAT_VALUE(val); } double rb_num2dbl(VALUE val) { if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(val)) { if (FIXNUM_P(val)) { return fix2dbl_without_to_f(val); } else if (FLONUM_P(val)) { return rb_float_flonum_value(val); } else { implicit_conversion_to_float(val); } } else { switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(val)) { case T_FLOAT: return rb_float_noflonum_value(val); case T_BIGNUM: return big2dbl_without_to_f(val); case T_RATIONAL: return rat2dbl_without_to_f(val); case T_STRING: rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "no implicit conversion to float from string"); default: break; } } val = rb_convert_type_with_id(val, T_FLOAT, "Float", id_to_f); return RFLOAT_VALUE(val); } VALUE rb_String(VALUE val) { VALUE tmp = rb_check_string_type(val); if (NIL_P(tmp)) tmp = rb_convert_type_with_id(val, T_STRING, "String", idTo_s); return tmp; } /* * call-seq: * String(object) -> object or new_string * * Returns a string converted from +object+. * * Tries to convert +object+ to a string * using +to_str+ first and +to_s+ second: * * String([0, 1, 2]) # => "[0, 1, 2]" * String(0..5) # => "0..5" * String({foo: 0, bar: 1}) # => "{:foo=>0, :bar=>1}" * * Raises +TypeError+ if +object+ cannot be converted to a string. */ static VALUE rb_f_string(VALUE obj, VALUE arg) { return rb_String(arg); } VALUE rb_Array(VALUE val) { VALUE tmp = rb_check_array_type(val); if (NIL_P(tmp)) { tmp = rb_check_to_array(val); if (NIL_P(tmp)) { return rb_ary_new3(1, val); } } return tmp; } /* * call-seq: * Array(object) -> object or new_array * * Returns an array converted from +object+. * * Tries to convert +object+ to an array * using +to_ary+ first and +to_a+ second: * * Array([0, 1, 2]) # => [0, 1, 2] * Array({foo: 0, bar: 1}) # => [[:foo, 0], [:bar, 1]] * Array(0..4) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] * * Returns +object+ in an array, [object], * if +object+ cannot be converted: * * Array(:foo) # => [:foo] * */ static VALUE rb_f_array(VALUE obj, VALUE arg) { return rb_Array(arg); } /** * Equivalent to \c Kernel\#Hash in Ruby */ VALUE rb_Hash(VALUE val) { VALUE tmp; if (NIL_P(val)) return rb_hash_new(); tmp = rb_check_hash_type(val); if (NIL_P(tmp)) { if (RB_TYPE_P(val, T_ARRAY) && RARRAY_LEN(val) == 0) return rb_hash_new(); rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't convert %s into Hash", rb_obj_classname(val)); } return tmp; } /* * call-seq: * Hash(object) -> object or new_hash * * Returns a hash converted from +object+. * * - If +object+ is: * * - A hash, returns +object+. * - An empty array or +nil+, returns an empty hash. * * - Otherwise, if object.to_hash returns a hash, returns that hash. * - Otherwise, returns TypeError. * * Examples: * * Hash({foo: 0, bar: 1}) # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1} * Hash(nil) # => {} * Hash([]) # => {} * */ static VALUE rb_f_hash(VALUE obj, VALUE arg) { return rb_Hash(arg); } /*! \private */ struct dig_method { VALUE klass; int basic; }; static ID id_dig; static int dig_basic_p(VALUE obj, struct dig_method *cache) { VALUE klass = RBASIC_CLASS(obj); if (klass != cache->klass) { cache->klass = klass; cache->basic = rb_method_basic_definition_p(klass, id_dig); } return cache->basic; } static void no_dig_method(int found, VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE data) { if (!found) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%"PRIsVALUE" does not have #dig method", CLASS_OF(data)); } } /*! \private */ VALUE rb_obj_dig(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj, VALUE notfound) { struct dig_method hash = {Qnil}, ary = {Qnil}, strt = {Qnil}; for (; argc > 0; ++argv, --argc) { if (NIL_P(obj)) return notfound; if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) { switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) { case T_HASH: if (dig_basic_p(obj, &hash)) { obj = rb_hash_aref(obj, *argv); continue; } break; case T_ARRAY: if (dig_basic_p(obj, &ary)) { obj = rb_ary_at(obj, *argv); continue; } break; case T_STRUCT: if (dig_basic_p(obj, &strt)) { obj = rb_struct_lookup(obj, *argv); continue; } break; default: break; } } return rb_check_funcall_with_hook_kw(obj, id_dig, argc, argv, no_dig_method, obj, RB_NO_KEYWORDS); } return obj; } /* * call-seq: * sprintf(format_string *objects) -> string * * Returns the string resulting from formatting +objects+ * into +format_string+. * * For details on +format_string+, see * {Format Specifications}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc]. */ static VALUE f_sprintf(int c, const VALUE *v, VALUE _) { return rb_f_sprintf(c, v); } /* * Document-class: Class * * Classes in Ruby are first-class objects---each is an instance of * class Class. * * Typically, you create a new class by using: * * class Name * # some code describing the class behavior * end * * When a new class is created, an object of type Class is initialized and * assigned to a global constant (Name in this case). * * When Name.new is called to create a new object, the * #new method in Class is run by default. * This can be demonstrated by overriding #new in Class: * * class Class * alias old_new new * def new(*args) * print "Creating a new ", self.name, "\n" * old_new(*args) * end * end * * class Name * end * * n = Name.new * * produces: * * Creating a new Name * * Classes, modules, and objects are interrelated. In the diagram * that follows, the vertical arrows represent inheritance, and the * parentheses metaclasses. All metaclasses are instances * of the class `Class'. * +---------+ +-... * | | | * BasicObject-----|-->(BasicObject)-------|-... * ^ | ^ | * | | | | * Object---------|----->(Object)---------|-... * ^ | ^ | * | | | | * +-------+ | +--------+ | * | | | | | | * | Module-|---------|--->(Module)-|-... * | ^ | | ^ | * | | | | | | * | Class-|---------|---->(Class)-|-... * | ^ | | ^ | * | +---+ | +----+ * | | * obj--->OtherClass---------->(OtherClass)-----------... * */ /* Document-class: BasicObject * * BasicObject is the parent class of all classes in Ruby. It's an explicit * blank class. * * BasicObject can be used for creating object hierarchies independent of * Ruby's object hierarchy, proxy objects like the Delegator class, or other * uses where namespace pollution from Ruby's methods and classes must be * avoided. * * To avoid polluting BasicObject for other users an appropriately named * subclass of BasicObject should be created instead of directly modifying * BasicObject: * * class MyObjectSystem < BasicObject * end * * BasicObject does not include Kernel (for methods like +puts+) and * BasicObject is outside of the namespace of the standard library so common * classes will not be found without using a full class path. * * A variety of strategies can be used to provide useful portions of the * standard library to subclasses of BasicObject. A subclass could * include Kernel to obtain +puts+, +exit+, etc. A custom * Kernel-like module could be created and included or delegation can be used * via #method_missing: * * class MyObjectSystem < BasicObject * DELEGATE = [:puts, :p] * * def method_missing(name, *args, &block) * return super unless DELEGATE.include? name * ::Kernel.send(name, *args, &block) * end * * def respond_to_missing?(name, include_private = false) * DELEGATE.include?(name) or super * end * end * * Access to classes and modules from the Ruby standard library can be * obtained in a BasicObject subclass by referencing the desired constant * from the root like ::File or ::Enumerator. * Like #method_missing, #const_missing can be used to delegate constant * lookup to +Object+: * * class MyObjectSystem < BasicObject * def self.const_missing(name) * ::Object.const_get(name) * end * end * * === What's Here * * These are the methods defined for \BasicObject: * * - ::new: Returns a new \BasicObject instance. * - #!: Returns the boolean negation of +self+: +true+ or +false+. * - #!=: Returns whether +self+ and the given object are _not_ equal. * - #==: Returns whether +self+ and the given object are equivalent. * - #__id__: Returns the integer object identifier for +self+. * - #__send__: Calls the method identified by the given symbol. * - #equal?: Returns whether +self+ and the given object are the same object. * - #instance_eval: Evaluates the given string or block in the context of +self+. * - #instance_exec: Executes the given block in the context of +self+, * passing the given arguments. * */ /* Document-class: Object * * Object is the default root of all Ruby objects. Object inherits from * BasicObject which allows creating alternate object hierarchies. Methods * on Object are available to all classes unless explicitly overridden. * * Object mixes in the Kernel module, making the built-in kernel functions * globally accessible. Although the instance methods of Object are defined * by the Kernel module, we have chosen to document them here for clarity. * * When referencing constants in classes inheriting from Object you do not * need to use the full namespace. For example, referencing +File+ inside * +YourClass+ will find the top-level File class. * * In the descriptions of Object's methods, the parameter symbol refers * to a symbol, which is either a quoted string or a Symbol (such as * :name). * * == What's Here * * First, what's elsewhere. \Class \Object: * * - Inherits from {class BasicObject}[rdoc-ref:BasicObject@What-27s+Here]. * - Includes {module Kernel}[rdoc-ref:Kernel@What-27s+Here]. * * Here, class \Object provides methods for: * * - {Querying}[rdoc-ref:Object@Querying] * - {Instance Variables}[rdoc-ref:Object@Instance+Variables] * - {Other}[rdoc-ref:Object@Other] * * === Querying * * - #!~: Returns +true+ if +self+ does not match the given object, * otherwise +false+. * - #<=>: Returns 0 if +self+ and the given object +object+ are the same * object, or if self == object; otherwise returns +nil+. * - #===: Implements case equality, effectively the same as calling #==. * - #eql?: Implements hash equality, effectively the same as calling #==. * - #kind_of? (aliased as #is_a?): Returns whether given argument is an ancestor * of the singleton class of +self+. * - #instance_of?: Returns whether +self+ is an instance of the given class. * - #instance_variable_defined?: Returns whether the given instance variable * is defined in +self+. * - #method: Returns the Method object for the given method in +self+. * - #methods: Returns an array of symbol names of public and protected methods * in +self+. * - #nil?: Returns +false+. (Only +nil+ responds +true+ to method nil?.) * - #object_id: Returns an integer corresponding to +self+ that is unique * for the current process * - #private_methods: Returns an array of the symbol names * of the private methods in +self+. * - #protected_methods: Returns an array of the symbol names * of the protected methods in +self+. * - #public_method: Returns the Method object for the given public method in +self+. * - #public_methods: Returns an array of the symbol names * of the public methods in +self+. * - #respond_to?: Returns whether +self+ responds to the given method. * - #singleton_class: Returns the singleton class of +self+. * - #singleton_method: Returns the Method object for the given singleton method * in +self+. * - #singleton_methods: Returns an array of the symbol names * of the singleton methods in +self+. * * - #define_singleton_method: Defines a singleton method in +self+ * for the given symbol method-name and block or proc. * - #extend: Includes the given modules in the singleton class of +self+. * - #public_send: Calls the given public method in +self+ with the given argument. * - #send: Calls the given method in +self+ with the given argument. * * === Instance Variables * * - #instance_variable_get: Returns the value of the given instance variable * in +self+, or +nil+ if the instance variable is not set. * - #instance_variable_set: Sets the value of the given instance variable in +self+ * to the given object. * - #instance_variables: Returns an array of the symbol names * of the instance variables in +self+. * - #remove_instance_variable: Removes the named instance variable from +self+. * * === Other * * - #clone: Returns a shallow copy of +self+, including singleton class * and frozen state. * - #define_singleton_method: Defines a singleton method in +self+ * for the given symbol method-name and block or proc. * - #display: Prints +self+ to the given IO stream or $stdout. * - #dup: Returns a shallow unfrozen copy of +self+. * - #enum_for (aliased as #to_enum): Returns an Enumerator for +self+ * using the using the given method, arguments, and block. * - #extend: Includes the given modules in the singleton class of +self+. * - #freeze: Prevents further modifications to +self+. * - #hash: Returns the integer hash value for +self+. * - #inspect: Returns a human-readable string representation of +self+. * - #itself: Returns +self+. * - #method_missing: Method called when an undefined method is called on +self+. * - #public_send: Calls the given public method in +self+ with the given argument. * - #send: Calls the given method in +self+ with the given argument. * - #to_s: Returns a string representation of +self+. * */ void InitVM_Object(void) { Init_class_hierarchy(); #if 0 // teach RDoc about these classes rb_cBasicObject = rb_define_class("BasicObject", Qnil); rb_cObject = rb_define_class("Object", rb_cBasicObject); rb_cModule = rb_define_class("Module", rb_cObject); rb_cClass = rb_define_class("Class", rb_cModule); rb_cRefinement = rb_define_class("Refinement", rb_cModule); #endif rb_define_private_method(rb_cBasicObject, "initialize", rb_obj_initialize, 0); rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cBasicObject, rb_class_allocate_instance); rb_define_method(rb_cBasicObject, "==", rb_obj_equal, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cBasicObject, "equal?", rb_obj_equal, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cBasicObject, "!", rb_obj_not, 0); rb_define_method(rb_cBasicObject, "!=", rb_obj_not_equal, 1); rb_define_private_method(rb_cBasicObject, "singleton_method_added", rb_obj_singleton_method_added, 1); rb_define_private_method(rb_cBasicObject, "singleton_method_removed", rb_obj_singleton_method_removed, 1); rb_define_private_method(rb_cBasicObject, "singleton_method_undefined", rb_obj_singleton_method_undefined, 1); /* Document-module: Kernel * * The Kernel module is included by class Object, so its methods are * available in every Ruby object. * * The Kernel instance methods are documented in class Object while the * module methods are documented here. These methods are called without a * receiver and thus can be called in functional form: * * sprintf "%.1f", 1.234 #=> "1.2" * * == What's Here * * \Module \Kernel provides methods that are useful for: * * - {Converting}[rdoc-ref:Kernel@Converting] * - {Querying}[rdoc-ref:Kernel@Querying] * - {Exiting}[rdoc-ref:Kernel@Exiting] * - {Exceptions}[rdoc-ref:Kernel@Exceptions] * - {IO}[rdoc-ref:Kernel@IO] * - {Procs}[rdoc-ref:Kernel@Procs] * - {Tracing}[rdoc-ref:Kernel@Tracing] * - {Subprocesses}[rdoc-ref:Kernel@Subprocesses] * - {Loading}[rdoc-ref:Kernel@Loading] * - {Yielding}[rdoc-ref:Kernel@Yielding] * - {Random Values}[rdoc-ref:Kernel@Random+Values] * - {Other}[rdoc-ref:Kernel@Other] * * === Converting * * - #Array: Returns an Array based on the given argument. * - #Complex: Returns a Complex based on the given arguments. * - #Float: Returns a Float based on the given arguments. * - #Hash: Returns a Hash based on the given argument. * - #Integer: Returns an Integer based on the given arguments. * - #Rational: Returns a Rational based on the given arguments. * - #String: Returns a String based on the given argument. * * === Querying * * - #__callee__: Returns the called name of the current method as a symbol. * - #__dir__: Returns the path to the directory from which the current * method is called. * - #__method__: Returns the name of the current method as a symbol. * - #autoload?: Returns the file to be loaded when the given module is referenced. * - #binding: Returns a Binding for the context at the point of call. * - #block_given?: Returns +true+ if a block was passed to the calling method. * - #caller: Returns the current execution stack as an array of strings. * - #caller_locations: Returns the current execution stack as an array * of Thread::Backtrace::Location objects. * - #class: Returns the class of +self+. * - #frozen?: Returns whether +self+ is frozen. * - #global_variables: Returns an array of global variables as symbols. * - #local_variables: Returns an array of local variables as symbols. * - #test: Performs specified tests on the given single file or pair of files. * * === Exiting * * - #abort: Exits the current process after printing the given arguments. * - #at_exit: Executes the given block when the process exits. * - #exit: Exits the current process after calling any registered * +at_exit+ handlers. * - #exit!: Exits the current process without calling any registered * +at_exit+ handlers. * * === Exceptions * * - #catch: Executes the given block, possibly catching a thrown object. * - #raise (aliased as #fail): Raises an exception based on the given arguments. * - #throw: Returns from the active catch block waiting for the given tag. * * * === \IO * * - ::pp: Prints the given objects in pretty form. * - #gets: Returns and assigns to $_ the next line from the current input. * - #open: Creates an IO object connected to the given stream, file, or subprocess. * - #p: Prints the given objects' inspect output to the standard output. * - #print: Prints the given objects to standard output without a newline. * - #printf: Prints the string resulting from applying the given format string * to any additional arguments. * - #putc: Equivalent to for the given object. * - #puts: Equivalent to $stdout.puts(*objects) for the given objects. * - #readline: Similar to #gets, but raises an exception at the end of file. * - #readlines: Returns an array of the remaining lines from the current input. * - #select: Same as IO.select. * * === Procs * * - #lambda: Returns a lambda proc for the given block. * - #proc: Returns a new Proc; equivalent to Proc.new. * * === Tracing * * - #set_trace_func: Sets the given proc as the handler for tracing, * or disables tracing if given +nil+. * - #trace_var: Starts tracing assignments to the given global variable. * - #untrace_var: Disables tracing of assignments to the given global variable. * * === Subprocesses * * - {\`command`}[rdoc-ref:Kernel#`]: Returns the standard output of running * +command+ in a subshell. * - #exec: Replaces current process with a new process. * - #fork: Forks the current process into two processes. * - #spawn: Executes the given command and returns its pid without waiting * for completion. * - #system: Executes the given command in a subshell. * * === Loading * * - #autoload: Registers the given file to be loaded when the given constant * is first referenced. * - #load: Loads the given Ruby file. * - #require: Loads the given Ruby file unless it has already been loaded. * - #require_relative: Loads the Ruby file path relative to the calling file, * unless it has already been loaded. * * === Yielding * * - #tap: Yields +self+ to the given block; returns +self+. * - #then (aliased as #yield_self): Yields +self+ to the block * and returns the result of the block. * * === \Random Values * * - #rand: Returns a pseudo-random floating point number * strictly between 0.0 and 1.0. * - #srand: Seeds the pseudo-random number generator with the given number. * * === Other * * - #eval: Evaluates the given string as Ruby code. * - #loop: Repeatedly executes the given block. * - #sleep: Suspends the current thread for the given number of seconds. * - #sprintf (aliased as #format): Returns the string resulting from applying * the given format string to any additional arguments. * - #syscall: Runs an operating system call. * - #trap: Specifies the handling of system signals. * - #warn: Issue a warning based on the given messages and options. * */ rb_mKernel = rb_define_module("Kernel"); rb_include_module(rb_cObject, rb_mKernel); rb_define_private_method(rb_cClass, "inherited", rb_obj_class_inherited, 1); rb_define_private_method(rb_cModule, "included", rb_obj_mod_included, 1); rb_define_private_method(rb_cModule, "extended", rb_obj_mod_extended, 1); rb_define_private_method(rb_cModule, "prepended", rb_obj_mod_prepended, 1); rb_define_private_method(rb_cModule, "method_added", rb_obj_mod_method_added, 1); rb_define_private_method(rb_cModule, "const_added", rb_obj_mod_const_added, 1); rb_define_private_method(rb_cModule, "method_removed", rb_obj_mod_method_removed, 1); rb_define_private_method(rb_cModule, "method_undefined", rb_obj_mod_method_undefined, 1); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "nil?", rb_false, 0); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "===", case_equal, 1); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "!~", rb_obj_not_match, 1); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "eql?", rb_obj_equal, 1); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "hash", rb_obj_hash, 0); /* in hash.c */ rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "<=>", rb_obj_cmp, 1); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "singleton_class", rb_obj_singleton_class, 0); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "dup", rb_obj_dup, 0); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "itself", rb_obj_itself, 0); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "initialize_copy", rb_obj_init_copy, 1); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "initialize_dup", rb_obj_init_dup_clone, 1); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "initialize_clone", rb_obj_init_clone, -1); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "freeze", rb_obj_freeze, 0); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "to_s", rb_any_to_s, 0); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "inspect", rb_obj_inspect, 0); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "methods", rb_obj_methods, -1); /* in class.c */ rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "singleton_methods", rb_obj_singleton_methods, -1); /* in class.c */ rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "protected_methods", rb_obj_protected_methods, -1); /* in class.c */ rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "private_methods", rb_obj_private_methods, -1); /* in class.c */ rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "public_methods", rb_obj_public_methods, -1); /* in class.c */ rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "instance_variables", rb_obj_instance_variables, 0); /* in variable.c */ rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "instance_variable_get", rb_obj_ivar_get, 1); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "instance_variable_set", rb_obj_ivar_set_m, 2); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "instance_variable_defined?", rb_obj_ivar_defined, 1); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "remove_instance_variable", rb_obj_remove_instance_variable, 1); /* in variable.c */ rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "instance_of?", rb_obj_is_instance_of, 1); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "kind_of?", rb_obj_is_kind_of, 1); rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "is_a?", rb_obj_is_kind_of, 1); rb_define_global_function("sprintf", f_sprintf, -1); rb_define_global_function("format", f_sprintf, -1); rb_define_global_function("String", rb_f_string, 1); rb_define_global_function("Array", rb_f_array, 1); rb_define_global_function("Hash", rb_f_hash, 1); rb_cNilClass = rb_define_class("NilClass", rb_cObject); rb_cNilClass_to_s = rb_fstring_enc_lit("", rb_usascii_encoding()); rb_gc_register_mark_object(rb_cNilClass_to_s); rb_define_method(rb_cNilClass, "to_s", rb_nil_to_s, 0); rb_define_method(rb_cNilClass, "to_a", nil_to_a, 0); rb_define_method(rb_cNilClass, "to_h", nil_to_h, 0); rb_define_method(rb_cNilClass, "inspect", nil_inspect, 0); rb_define_method(rb_cNilClass, "=~", nil_match, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cNilClass, "&", false_and, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cNilClass, "|", false_or, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cNilClass, "^", false_xor, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cNilClass, "===", case_equal, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cNilClass, "nil?", rb_true, 0); rb_undef_alloc_func(rb_cNilClass); rb_undef_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cNilClass), "new"); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "freeze", rb_mod_freeze, 0); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "===", rb_mod_eqq, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "==", rb_obj_equal, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "<=>", rb_mod_cmp, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "<", rb_mod_lt, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "<=", rb_class_inherited_p, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, ">", rb_mod_gt, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, ">=", rb_mod_ge, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "initialize_copy", rb_mod_init_copy, 1); /* in class.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "to_s", rb_mod_to_s, 0); rb_define_alias(rb_cModule, "inspect", "to_s"); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "included_modules", rb_mod_included_modules, 0); /* in class.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "include?", rb_mod_include_p, 1); /* in class.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "name", rb_mod_name, 0); /* in variable.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "set_temporary_name", rb_mod_set_temporary_name, 1); /* in variable.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "ancestors", rb_mod_ancestors, 0); /* in class.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "attr", rb_mod_attr, -1); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "attr_reader", rb_mod_attr_reader, -1); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "attr_writer", rb_mod_attr_writer, -1); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "attr_accessor", rb_mod_attr_accessor, -1); rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cModule, rb_module_s_alloc); rb_undef_method(rb_singleton_class(rb_cModule), "allocate"); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "initialize", rb_mod_initialize, 0); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "initialize_clone", rb_mod_initialize_clone, -1); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "instance_methods", rb_class_instance_methods, -1); /* in class.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "public_instance_methods", rb_class_public_instance_methods, -1); /* in class.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "protected_instance_methods", rb_class_protected_instance_methods, -1); /* in class.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "private_instance_methods", rb_class_private_instance_methods, -1); /* in class.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "undefined_instance_methods", rb_class_undefined_instance_methods, 0); /* in class.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "constants", rb_mod_constants, -1); /* in variable.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "const_get", rb_mod_const_get, -1); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "const_set", rb_mod_const_set, 2); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "const_defined?", rb_mod_const_defined, -1); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "const_source_location", rb_mod_const_source_location, -1); rb_define_private_method(rb_cModule, "remove_const", rb_mod_remove_const, 1); /* in variable.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "const_missing", rb_mod_const_missing, 1); /* in variable.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "class_variables", rb_mod_class_variables, -1); /* in variable.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "remove_class_variable", rb_mod_remove_cvar, 1); /* in variable.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "class_variable_get", rb_mod_cvar_get, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "class_variable_set", rb_mod_cvar_set, 2); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "class_variable_defined?", rb_mod_cvar_defined, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "public_constant", rb_mod_public_constant, -1); /* in variable.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "private_constant", rb_mod_private_constant, -1); /* in variable.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "deprecate_constant", rb_mod_deprecate_constant, -1); /* in variable.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "singleton_class?", rb_mod_singleton_p, 0); rb_define_method(rb_singleton_class(rb_cClass), "allocate", rb_class_alloc_m, 0); rb_define_method(rb_cClass, "allocate", rb_class_alloc_m, 0); rb_define_method(rb_cClass, "new", rb_class_new_instance_pass_kw, -1); rb_define_method(rb_cClass, "initialize", rb_class_initialize, -1); rb_define_method(rb_cClass, "superclass", rb_class_superclass, 0); rb_define_method(rb_cClass, "subclasses", rb_class_subclasses, 0); /* in class.c */ rb_define_method(rb_cClass, "attached_object", rb_class_attached_object, 0); /* in class.c */ rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cClass, rb_class_s_alloc); rb_undef_method(rb_cClass, "extend_object"); rb_undef_method(rb_cClass, "append_features"); rb_undef_method(rb_cClass, "prepend_features"); rb_cTrueClass = rb_define_class("TrueClass", rb_cObject); rb_cTrueClass_to_s = rb_fstring_enc_lit("true", rb_usascii_encoding()); rb_gc_register_mark_object(rb_cTrueClass_to_s); rb_define_method(rb_cTrueClass, "to_s", rb_true_to_s, 0); rb_define_alias(rb_cTrueClass, "inspect", "to_s"); rb_define_method(rb_cTrueClass, "&", true_and, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cTrueClass, "|", true_or, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cTrueClass, "^", true_xor, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cTrueClass, "===", case_equal, 1); rb_undef_alloc_func(rb_cTrueClass); rb_undef_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cTrueClass), "new"); rb_cFalseClass = rb_define_class("FalseClass", rb_cObject); rb_cFalseClass_to_s = rb_fstring_enc_lit("false", rb_usascii_encoding()); rb_gc_register_mark_object(rb_cFalseClass_to_s); rb_define_method(rb_cFalseClass, "to_s", rb_false_to_s, 0); rb_define_alias(rb_cFalseClass, "inspect", "to_s"); rb_define_method(rb_cFalseClass, "&", false_and, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cFalseClass, "|", false_or, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cFalseClass, "^", false_xor, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cFalseClass, "===", case_equal, 1); rb_undef_alloc_func(rb_cFalseClass); rb_undef_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cFalseClass), "new"); } #include "kernel.rbinc" #include "nilclass.rbinc" void Init_Object(void) { id_dig = rb_intern_const("dig"); InitVM(Object); } /*! * \} */