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ruby/lib/optparse.rb

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#
# optparse.rb - command-line option analysis with the OptionParser class.
#
# Author:: Nobu Nakada
# Documentation:: Nobu Nakada and Gavin Sinclair.
#
# See OptionParser for documentation.
#
# == Developer Documentation (not for RDoc output)
#
# === Class tree
#
# - OptionParser:: front end
# - OptionParser::Switch:: each switches
# - OptionParser::List:: options list
# - OptionParser::ParseError:: errors on parsing
# - OptionParser::AmbiguousOption
# - OptionParser::NeedlessArgument
# - OptionParser::MissingArgument
# - OptionParser::InvalidOption
# - OptionParser::InvalidArgument
# - OptionParser::AmbiguousArgument
#
# === Object relationship diagram
#
# +--------------+
# | OptionParser |<>-----+
# +--------------+ | +--------+
# | ,-| Switch |
# on_head -------->+---------------+ / +--------+
# accept/reject -->| List |<|>-
# | |<|>- +----------+
# on ------------->+---------------+ `-| argument |
# : : | class |
# +---------------+ |==========|
# on_tail -------->| | |pattern |
# +---------------+ |----------|
# OptionParser.accept ->| DefaultList | |converter |
# reject |(shared between| +----------+
# | all instances)|
# +---------------+
#
# == OptionParser
#
# === Introduction
#
# OptionParser is a class for command-line option analysis. It is much more
# advanced, yet also easier to use, than GetoptLong, and is a more Ruby-oriented
# solution.
#
# === Features
#
# 1. The argument specification and the code to handle it are written in the
# same place.
# 2. It can output an option summary; you don't need to maintain this string
# separately.
# 3. Optional and mandatory arguments are specified very gracefully.
# 4. Arguments can be automatically converted to a specified class.
# 5. Arguments can be restricted to a certain set.
#
# All of these features are demonstrated in the examples below.
#
# === Minimal example
#
# require 'optparse'
#
# options = {}
# OptionParser.new do |opts|
# opts.banner = "Usage: example.rb [options]"
#
# opts.on("-v", "--[no-]verbose", "Run verbosely") do |v|
# options[:verbose] = v
# end
# end.parse!
#
# p options
# p ARGV
#
# === Complete example
#
# The following example is a complete Ruby program. You can run it and see the
# effect of specifying various options. This is probably the best way to learn
# the features of +optparse+.
#
# require 'optparse'
# require 'optparse/time'
# require 'ostruct'
# require 'pp'
#
# class OptparseExample
#
# CODES = %w[iso-2022-jp shift_jis euc-jp utf8 binary]
# CODE_ALIASES = { "jis" => "iso-2022-jp", "sjis" => "shift_jis" }
#
# #
# # Return a structure describing the options.
# #
# def self.parse(args)
# # The options specified on the command line will be collected in *options*.
# # We set default values here.
# options = OpenStruct.new
# options.library = []
# options.inplace = false
# options.encoding = "utf8"
# options.transfer_type = :auto
# options.verbose = false
#
# opts = OptionParser.new do |opts|
# opts.banner = "Usage: example.rb [options]"
#
# opts.separator ""
# opts.separator "Specific options:"
#
# # Mandatory argument.
# opts.on("-r", "--require LIBRARY",
# "Require the LIBRARY before executing your script") do |lib|
# options.library << lib
# end
#
# # Optional argument; multi-line description.
# opts.on("-i", "--inplace [EXTENSION]",
# "Edit ARGV files in place",
# " (make backup if EXTENSION supplied)") do |ext|
# options.inplace = true
# options.extension = ext || ''
# options.extension.sub!(/\A\.?(?=.)/, ".") # Ensure extension begins with dot.
# end
#
# # Cast 'delay' argument to a Float.
# opts.on("--delay N", Float, "Delay N seconds before executing") do |n|
# options.delay = n
# end
#
# # Cast 'time' argument to a Time object.
# opts.on("-t", "--time [TIME]", Time, "Begin execution at given time") do |time|
# options.time = time
# end
#
# # Cast to octal integer.
# opts.on("-F", "--irs [OCTAL]", OptionParser::OctalInteger,
# "Specify record separator (default \\0)") do |rs|
# options.record_separator = rs
# end
#
# # List of arguments.
# opts.on("--list x,y,z", Array, "Example 'list' of arguments") do |list|
# options.list = list
# end
#
# # Keyword completion. We are specifying a specific set of arguments (CODES
# # and CODE_ALIASES - notice the latter is a Hash), and the user may provide
# # the shortest unambiguous text.
# code_list = (CODE_ALIASES.keys + CODES).join(',')
# opts.on("--code CODE", CODES, CODE_ALIASES, "Select encoding",
# " (#{code_list})") do |encoding|
# options.encoding = encoding
# end
#
# # Optional argument with keyword completion.
# opts.on("--type [TYPE]", [:text, :binary, :auto],
# "Select transfer type (text, binary, auto)") do |t|
# options.transfer_type = t
# end
#
# # Boolean switch.
# opts.on("-v", "--[no-]verbose", "Run verbosely") do |v|
# options.verbose = v
# end
#
# opts.separator ""
# opts.separator "Common options:"
#
# # No argument, shows at tail. This will print an options summary.
# # Try it and see!
# opts.on_tail("-h", "--help", "Show this message") do
# puts opts
# exit
# end
#
# # Another typical switch to print the version.
# opts.on_tail("--version", "Show version") do
# puts OptionParser::Version.join('.')
# exit
# end
# end
#
# opts.parse!(args)
# options
# end # parse()
#
# end # class OptparseExample
#
# options = OptparseExample.parse(ARGV)
# pp options
#
# === Further documentation
#
# The above examples should be enough to learn how to use this class. If you
# have any questions, email me (gsinclair@soyabean.com.au) and I will update
# this document.
#
class OptionParser
# :stopdoc:
RCSID = %w$Id$[1..-1].each {|s| s.freeze}.freeze
Version = (RCSID[1].split('.').collect {|s| s.to_i}.extend(Comparable).freeze if RCSID[1])
LastModified = (Time.gm(*RCSID[2, 2].join('-').scan(/\d+/).collect {|s| s.to_i}) if RCSID[2])
Release = RCSID[2]
NoArgument = [NO_ARGUMENT = :NONE, nil].freeze
RequiredArgument = [REQUIRED_ARGUMENT = :REQUIRED, true].freeze
OptionalArgument = [OPTIONAL_ARGUMENT = :OPTIONAL, false].freeze
# :startdoc:
#
# Keyword completion module. This allows partial arguments to be specified
# and resolved against a list of acceptable values.
#
module Completion
def complete(key, icase = false, pat = nil)
pat ||= Regexp.new('\A' + Regexp.quote(key).gsub(/\w+\b/, '\&\w*'),
icase)
canon, sw, cn = nil
candidates = []
each do |k, *v|
(if Regexp === k
kn = nil
k === key
else
kn = defined?(k.id2name) ? k.id2name : k
pat === kn
end) or next
v << k if v.empty?
candidates << [k, v, kn]
end
candidates = candidates.sort_by {|k, v, kn| kn.size}
if candidates.size == 1
canon, sw, * = candidates[0]
elsif candidates.size > 1
canon, sw, cn = candidates.shift
candidates.each do |k, v, kn|
next if sw == v
if String === cn and String === kn
if cn.rindex(kn, 0)
canon, sw, cn = k, v, kn
next
elsif kn.rindex(cn, 0)
next
end
end
throw :ambiguous, key
end
end
if canon
block_given? or return key, *sw
yield(key, *sw)
end
end
def convert(opt = nil, val = nil, *)
val
end
end
#
# Map from option/keyword string to object with completion.
#
class OptionMap < Hash
include Completion
end
#
# Individual switch class. Not important to the user.
#
# Defined within Switch are several Switch-derived classes: NoArgument,
# RequiredArgument, etc.
#
class Switch
attr_reader :pattern, :conv, :short, :long, :arg, :desc, :block
#
# Guesses argument style from +arg+. Returns corresponding
# OptionParser::Switch class (OptionalArgument, etc.).
#
def self.guess(arg)
case arg
when ""
t = self
when /\A=?\[/
t = Switch::OptionalArgument
when /\A\s+\[/
t = Switch::PlacedArgument
else
t = Switch::RequiredArgument
end
self >= t or incompatible_argument_styles(arg, t)
t
end
def self.incompatible_argument_styles(arg, t)
raise ArgumentError, "#{arg}: incompatible argument styles\n #{self}, #{t}"
end
def self.pattern
NilClass
end
def initialize(pattern = nil, conv = nil,
short = nil, long = nil, arg = nil,
desc = ([] if short or long), block = Proc.new)
raise if Array === pattern
@pattern, @conv, @short, @long, @arg, @desc, @block =
pattern, conv, short, long, arg, desc, block
end
#
# Parses +arg+ and returns rest of +arg+ and matched portion to the
# argument pattern. Yields when the pattern doesn't match substring.
#
def parse_arg(arg)
pattern or return nil, [arg]
unless m = pattern.match(arg)
yield(InvalidArgument, arg)
return arg, []
end
if String === m
m = [s = m]
else
m = m.to_a
s = m[0]
return nil, m unless String === s
end
raise InvalidArgument, arg unless arg.rindex(s, 0)
return nil, m if s.length == arg.length
yield(InvalidArgument, arg) # didn't match whole arg
return arg[s.length..-1], m
end
private :parse_arg
#
# Parses argument, converts and returns +arg+, +block+ and result of
# conversion. Yields at semi-error condition instead of raising an
# exception.
#
def conv_arg(arg, val = [])
if conv
val = conv.call(*val)
else
val = proc {|v| v}.call(*val)
end
return arg, block, val
end
private :conv_arg
#
# Produces the summary text. Each line of the summary is yielded to the
# block (without newline).
#
# +sdone+:: Already summarized short style options keyed hash.
# +ldone+:: Already summarized long style options keyed hash.
# +width+:: Width of left side (option part). In other words, the right
# side (description part) starts after +width+ columns.
# +max+:: Maximum width of left side -> the options are filled within
# +max+ columns.
# +indent+:: Prefix string indents all summarized lines.
#
def summarize(sdone = [], ldone = [], width = 1, max = width - 1, indent = "")
sopts, lopts = [], [], nil
@short.each {|s| sdone.fetch(s) {sopts << s}; sdone[s] = true} if @short
@long.each {|s| ldone.fetch(s) {lopts << s}; ldone[s] = true} if @long
return if sopts.empty? and lopts.empty? # completely hidden
left = [sopts.join(', ')]
right = desc.dup
while s = lopts.shift
l = left[-1].length + s.length
l += arg.length if left.size == 1 && arg
l < max or sopts.empty? or left << ''
left[-1] << if left[-1].empty? then ' ' * 4 else ', ' end << s
end
left[0] << arg if arg
mlen = left.collect {|ss| ss.length}.max.to_i
while mlen > width and l = left.shift
mlen = left.collect {|ss| ss.length}.max.to_i if l.length == mlen
yield(indent + l)
end
while begin l = left.shift; r = right.shift; l or r end
l = l.to_s.ljust(width) + ' ' + r if r and !r.empty?
yield(indent + l)
end
self
end
def add_banner(to) # :nodoc:
unless @short or @long
s = desc.join
to << " [" + s + "]..." unless s.empty?
end
to
end
def match_nonswitch?(str) # :nodoc:
@pattern =~ str unless @short or @long
end
#
# Main name of the switch.
#
def switch_name
(long.first || short.first).sub(/\A-+(?:\[no-\])?/, '')
end
#
# Switch that takes no arguments.
#
class NoArgument < self
#
# Raises an exception if any arguments given.
#
def parse(arg, argv)
yield(NeedlessArgument, arg) if arg
conv_arg(arg)
end
def self.incompatible_argument_styles(*)
end
def self.pattern
Object
end
end
#
# Switch that takes an argument.
#
class RequiredArgument < self
#
# Raises an exception if argument is not present.
#
def parse(arg, argv)
unless arg
raise MissingArgument if argv.empty?
arg = argv.shift
end
conv_arg(*parse_arg(arg, &method(:raise)))
end
end
#
# Switch that can omit argument.
#
class OptionalArgument < self
#
# Parses argument if given, or uses default value.
#
def parse(arg, argv, &error)
if arg
conv_arg(*parse_arg(arg, &error))
else
conv_arg(arg)
end
end
end
#
# Switch that takes an argument, which does not begin with '-'.
#
class PlacedArgument < self
#
# Returns nil if argument is not present or begins with '-'.
#
def parse(arg, argv, &error)
if !(val = arg) and (argv.empty? or /\A-/ =~ (val = argv[0]))
return nil, block, nil
end
opt = (val = parse_arg(val, &error))[1]
val = conv_arg(*val)
if opt and !arg
argv.shift
else
val[0] = nil
end
val
end
end
end
#
# Simple option list providing mapping from short and/or long option
# string to OptionParser::Switch and mapping from acceptable argument to
# matching pattern and converter pair. Also provides summary feature.
#
class List
# Map from acceptable argument types to pattern and converter pairs.
attr_reader :atype
# Map from short style option switches to actual switch objects.
attr_reader :short
# Map from long style option switches to actual switch objects.
attr_reader :long
# List of all switches and summary string.
attr_reader :list
#
# Just initializes all instance variables.
#
def initialize
@atype = {}
@short = OptionMap.new
@long = OptionMap.new
@list = []
end
#
# See OptionParser.accept.
#
def accept(t, pat = /.*/nm, &block)
if pat
pat.respond_to?(:match) or raise TypeError, "has no `match'"
else
pat = t if t.respond_to?(:match)
end
unless block
block = pat.method(:convert).to_proc if pat.respond_to?(:convert)
end
@atype[t] = [pat, block]
end
#
# See OptionParser.reject.
#
def reject(t)
@atype.delete(t)
end
#
# Adds +sw+ according to +sopts+, +lopts+ and +nlopts+.
#
# +sw+:: OptionParser::Switch instance to be added.
# +sopts+:: Short style option list.
# +lopts+:: Long style option list.
# +nlopts+:: Negated long style options list.
#
def update(sw, sopts, lopts, nsw = nil, nlopts = nil)
sopts.each {|o| @short[o] = sw} if sopts
lopts.each {|o| @long[o] = sw} if lopts
nlopts.each {|o| @long[o] = nsw} if nsw and nlopts
used = @short.invert.update(@long.invert)
@list.delete_if {|o| Switch === o and !used[o]}
end
private :update
#
# Inserts +switch+ at the head of the list, and associates short, long
# and negated long options. Arguments are:
#
# +switch+:: OptionParser::Switch instance to be inserted.
# +short_opts+:: List of short style options.
# +long_opts+:: List of long style options.
# +nolong_opts+:: List of long style options with "no-" prefix.
#
# prepend(switch, short_opts, long_opts, nolong_opts)
#
def prepend(*args)
update(*args)
@list.unshift(args[0])
end
#
# Appends +switch+ at the tail of the list, and associates short, long
# and negated long options. Arguments are:
#
# +switch+:: OptionParser::Switch instance to be inserted.
# +short_opts+:: List of short style options.
# +long_opts+:: List of long style options.
# +nolong_opts+:: List of long style options with "no-" prefix.
#
# append(switch, short_opts, long_opts, nolong_opts)
#
def append(*args)
update(*args)
@list.push(args[0])
end
#
# Searches +key+ in +id+ list. The result is returned or yielded if a
# block is given. If it isn't found, nil is returned.
#
def search(id, key)
if list = __send__(id)
val = list.fetch(key) {return nil}
block_given? ? yield(val) : val
end
end
#
# Searches list +id+ for +opt+ and the optional patterns for completion
# +pat+. If +icase+ is true, the search is case insensitive. The result
# is returned or yielded if a block is given. If it isn't found, nil is
# returned.
#
def complete(id, opt, icase = false, *pat, &block)
__send__(id).complete(opt, icase, *pat, &block)
end
#
# Iterates over each option, passing the option to the +block+.
#
def each_option(&block)
list.each(&block)
end
#
# Creates the summary table, passing each line to the +block+ (without
# newline). The arguments +args+ are passed along to the summarize
# method which is called on every option.
#
def summarize(*args, &block)
list.each do |opt|
if opt.respond_to?(:summarize) # perhaps OptionParser::Switch
opt.summarize(*args, &block)
elsif !opt
yield("")
elsif opt.respond_to?(:each_line)
opt.each_line(&block)
else
opt.each(&block)
end
end
end
def add_banner(to) # :nodoc:
list.each do |opt|
if opt.respond_to?(:add_banner)
opt.add_banner(to)
end
end
to
end
end
#
# Hash with completion search feature. See OptionParser::Completion.
#
class CompletingHash < Hash
include Completion
#
# Completion for hash key.
#
def match(key)
*values = fetch(key) {
raise AmbiguousArgument, catch(:ambiguous) {return complete(key)}
}
return key, *values
end
end
# :stopdoc:
#
# Enumeration of acceptable argument styles. Possible values are:
#
# NO_ARGUMENT:: The switch takes no arguments. (:NONE)
# REQUIRED_ARGUMENT:: The switch requires an argument. (:REQUIRED)
# OPTIONAL_ARGUMENT:: The switch requires an optional argument. (:OPTIONAL)
#
# Use like --switch=argument (long style) or -Xargument (short style). For
# short style, only portion matched to argument pattern is dealed as
# argument.
#
ArgumentStyle = {}
NoArgument.each {|el| ArgumentStyle[el] = Switch::NoArgument}
RequiredArgument.each {|el| ArgumentStyle[el] = Switch::RequiredArgument}
OptionalArgument.each {|el| ArgumentStyle[el] = Switch::OptionalArgument}
ArgumentStyle.freeze
#
# Switches common used such as '--', and also provides default
# argument classes
#
DefaultList = List.new
DefaultList.short['-'] = Switch::NoArgument.new {}
DefaultList.long[''] = Switch::NoArgument.new {throw :terminate}
#
# Default options for ARGV, which never appear in option summary.
#
Officious = {}
#
# --help
# Shows option summary.
#
Officious['help'] = proc do |parser|
Switch::NoArgument.new do
puts parser.help
exit
end
end
#
# --version
# Shows version string if Version is defined.
#
Officious['version'] = proc do |parser|
Switch::OptionalArgument.new do |pkg|
if pkg
begin
require 'optparse/version'
rescue LoadError
else
show_version(*pkg.split(/,/)) or
abort("#{parser.program_name}: no version found in package #{pkg}")
exit
end
end
v = parser.ver or abort("#{parser.program_name}: version unknown")
puts v
exit
end
end
# :startdoc:
#
# Class methods
#
#
# Initializes a new instance and evaluates the optional block in context
# of the instance. Arguments +args+ are passed to #new, see there for
# description of parameters.
#
# This method is *deprecated*, its behavior corresponds to the older #new
# method.
#
def self.with(*args, &block)
opts = new(*args)
opts.instance_eval(&block)
opts
end
#
# Returns an incremented value of +default+ according to +arg+.
#
def self.inc(arg, default = nil)
case arg
when Integer
arg.nonzero?
when nil
default.to_i + 1
end
end
def inc(*args)
self.class.inc(*args)
end
#
# Initializes the instance and yields itself if called with a block.
#
# +banner+:: Banner message.
# +width+:: Summary width.
# +indent+:: Summary indent.
#
def initialize(banner = nil, width = 32, indent = ' ' * 4)
@stack = [DefaultList, List.new, List.new]
@program_name = nil
@banner = banner
@summary_width = width
@summary_indent = indent
@default_argv = ARGV
add_officious
yield self if block_given?
end
def add_officious # :nodoc:
list = base()
Officious.each do |opt, block|
list.long[opt] ||= block.call(self)
end
end
#
# Terminates option parsing. Optional parameter +arg+ is a string pushed
# back to be the first non-option argument.
#
def terminate(arg = nil)
self.class.terminate(arg)
end
def self.terminate(arg = nil)
throw :terminate, arg
end
@stack = [DefaultList]
def self.top() DefaultList end
#
# Directs to accept specified class +t+. The argument string is passed to
# the block in which it should be converted to the desired class.
#
# +t+:: Argument class specifier, any object including Class.
# +pat+:: Pattern for argument, defaults to +t+ if it responds to match.
#
# accept(t, pat, &block)
#
def accept(*args, &blk) top.accept(*args, &blk) end
#
# See #accept.
#
def self.accept(*args, &blk) top.accept(*args, &blk) end
#
# Directs to reject specified class argument.
#
# +t+:: Argument class speficier, any object including Class.
#
# reject(t)
#
def reject(*args, &blk) top.reject(*args, &blk) end
#
# See #reject.
#
def self.reject(*args, &blk) top.reject(*args, &blk) end
#
# Instance methods
#
# Heading banner preceding summary.
attr_writer :banner
# Program name to be emitted in error message and default banner,
# defaults to $0.
attr_writer :program_name
# Width for option list portion of summary. Must be Numeric.
attr_accessor :summary_width
# Indentation for summary. Must be String (or have + String method).
attr_accessor :summary_indent
# Strings to be parsed in default.
attr_accessor :default_argv
#
# Heading banner preceding summary.
#
def banner
unless @banner
@banner = "Usage: #{program_name} [options]"
visit(:add_banner, @banner)
end
@banner
end
#
# Program name to be emitted in error message and default banner, defaults
# to $0.
#
def program_name
@program_name || File.basename($0, '.*')
end
# for experimental cascading :-)
alias set_banner banner=
alias set_program_name program_name=
alias set_summary_width summary_width=
alias set_summary_indent summary_indent=
# Version
attr_writer :version
# Release code
attr_writer :release
#
# Version
#
def version
@version || (defined?(::Version) && ::Version)
end
#
# Release code
#
def release
@release || (defined?(::Release) && ::Release) || (defined?(::RELEASE) && ::RELEASE)
end
#
# Returns version string from program_name, version and release.
#
def ver
if v = version
str = "#{program_name} #{[v].join('.')}"
str << " (#{v})" if v = release
str
end
end
def warn(mesg = $!)
super("#{program_name}: #{mesg}")
end
def abort(mesg = $!)
super("#{program_name}: #{mesg}")
end
#
# Subject of #on / #on_head, #accept / #reject
#
def top
@stack[-1]
end
#
# Subject of #on_tail.
#
def base
@stack[1]
end
#
# Pushes a new List.
#
def new
@stack.push(List.new)
if block_given?
yield self
else
self
end
end
#
# Removes the last List.
#
def remove
@stack.pop
end
#
# Puts option summary into +to+ and returns +to+. Yields each line if
# a block is given.
#
# +to+:: Output destination, which must have method <<. Defaults to [].
# +width+:: Width of left side, defaults to @summary_width.
# +max+:: Maximum length allowed for left side, defaults to +width+ - 1.
# +indent+:: Indentation, defaults to @summary_indent.
#
def summarize(to = [], width = @summary_width, max = width - 1, indent = @summary_indent, &blk)
visit(:summarize, {}, {}, width, max, indent, &(blk || proc {|l| to << l + $/}))
to
end
#
# Returns option summary string.
#
def help; summarize(banner.to_s.sub(/\n?\z/, "\n")) end
alias to_s help
#
# Returns option summary list.
#
def to_a; summarize(banner.to_a.dup) end
#
# Checks if an argument is given twice, in which case an ArgumentError is
# raised. Called from OptionParser#switch only.
#
# +obj+:: New argument.
# +prv+:: Previously specified argument.
# +msg+:: Exception message.
#
def notwice(obj, prv, msg)
unless !prv or prv == obj
begin
raise ArgumentError, "argument #{msg} given twice: #{obj}"
rescue
$@[0, 2] = nil
raise
end
end
obj
end
private :notwice
#
# Creates an OptionParser::Switch from the parameters. The parsed argument
# value is passed to the given block, where it can be processed.
#
# See at the beginning of OptionParser for some full examples.
#
# +opts+ can include the following elements:
#
# [Argument style:]
# One of the following:
# :NONE, :REQUIRED, :OPTIONAL
#
# [Argument pattern:]
# Acceptable option argument format, must be pre-defined with
# OptionParser.accept or OptionParser#accept, or Regexp. This can appear
# once or assigned as String if not present, otherwise causes an
# ArgumentError. Examples:
# Float, Time, Array
#
# [Possible argument values:]
# Hash or Array.
# [:text, :binary, :auto]
# %w[iso-2022-jp shift_jis euc-jp utf8 binary]
# { "jis" => "iso-2022-jp", "sjis" => "shift_jis" }
#
# [Long style switch:]
# Specifies a long style switch which takes a mandatory, optional or no
# argument. It's a string of the following form:
# "--switch=MANDATORY" or "--switch MANDATORY"
# "--switch[=OPTIONAL]"
# "--switch"
#
# [Short style switch:]
# Specifies short style switch which takes a mandatory, optional or no
# argument. It's a string of the following form:
# "-xMANDATORY"
# "-x[OPTIONAL]"
# "-x"
# There is also a special form which matches character range (not full
# set of regural expression):
# "-[a-z]MANDATORY"
# "-[a-z][OPTIONAL]"
# "-[a-z]"
#
# [Argument style and description:]
# Instead of specifying mandatory or optional orguments directly in the
# switch parameter, this separate parameter can be used.
# "=MANDATORY"
# "=[OPTIONAL]"
#
# [Description:]
# Description string for the option.
# "Run verbosely"
#
# [Handler:]
# Handler for the parsed argument value. Either give a block or pass a
# Proc or Method as an argument.
#
def make_switch(opts, block = nil)
short, long, nolong, style, pattern, conv, not_pattern, not_conv, not_style = [], [], []
ldesc, sdesc, desc, arg = [], [], []
default_style = Switch::NoArgument
default_pattern = nil
klass = nil
n, q, a = nil
opts.each do |o|
# argument class
next if search(:atype, o) do |pat, c|
klass = notwice(o, klass, 'type')
if not_style and not_style != Switch::NoArgument
not_pattern, not_conv = pat, c
else
default_pattern, conv = pat, c
end
end
# directly specified pattern(any object possible to match)
if !(String === o) and o.respond_to?(:match)
pattern = notwice(o, pattern, 'pattern')
conv = pattern.method(:convert).to_proc if pattern.respond_to?(:convert)
next
end
# anything others
case o
when Proc, Method
block = notwice(o, block, 'block')
when Array, Hash
case pattern
when CompletingHash
when nil
pattern = CompletingHash.new
conv = pattern.method(:convert).to_proc if pattern.respond_to?(:convert)
else
raise ArgumentError, "argument pattern given twice"
end
o.each {|pat, *v| pattern[pat] = v.fetch(0) {pat}}
when Module
raise ArgumentError, "unsupported argument type: #{o}"
when *ArgumentStyle.keys
style = notwice(ArgumentStyle[o], style, 'style')
when /^--no-([^\[\]=\s]*)(.+)?/
q, a = $1, $2
o = notwice(a ? Object : TrueClass, klass, 'type')
not_pattern, not_conv = search(:atype, o) unless not_style
not_style = (not_style || default_style).guess(arg = a) if a
default_style = Switch::NoArgument
default_pattern, conv = search(:atype, FalseClass) unless default_pattern
ldesc << "--no-#{q}"
long << 'no-' + (q = q.downcase)
nolong << q
when /^--\[no-\]([^\[\]=\s]*)(.+)?/
q, a = $1, $2
o = notwice(a ? Object : TrueClass, klass, 'type')
if a
default_style = default_style.guess(arg = a)
default_pattern, conv = search(:atype, o) unless default_pattern
end
ldesc << "--[no-]#{q}"
long << (o = q.downcase)
not_pattern, not_conv = search(:atype, FalseClass) unless not_style
not_style = Switch::NoArgument
nolong << 'no-' + o
when /^--([^\[\]=\s]*)(.+)?/
q, a = $1, $2
if a
o = notwice(NilClass, klass, 'type')
default_style = default_style.guess(arg = a)
default_pattern, conv = search(:atype, o) unless default_pattern
end
ldesc << "--#{q}"
long << (o = q.downcase)
when /^-(\[\^?\]?(?:[^\\\]]|\\.)*\])(.+)?/
q, a = $1, $2
o = notwice(Object, klass, 'type')
if a
default_style = default_style.guess(arg = a)
default_pattern, conv = search(:atype, o) unless default_pattern
end
sdesc << "-#{q}"
short << Regexp.new(q)
when /^-(.)(.+)?/
q, a = $1, $2
if a
o = notwice(NilClass, klass, 'type')
default_style = default_style.guess(arg = a)
default_pattern, conv = search(:atype, o) unless default_pattern
end
sdesc << "-#{q}"
short << q
when /^=/
style = notwice(default_style.guess(arg = o), style, 'style')
default_pattern, conv = search(:atype, Object) unless default_pattern
else
desc.push(o)
end
end
default_pattern, conv = search(:atype, default_style.pattern) unless default_pattern
if !(short.empty? and long.empty?)
s = (style || default_style).new(pattern || default_pattern,
conv, sdesc, ldesc, arg, desc, block)
elsif !block
raise ArgumentError, "no switch given" if style or pattern
s = desc
else
short << pattern
s = (style || default_style).new(pattern,
conv, nil, nil, arg, desc, block)
end
return s, short, long,
(not_style.new(not_pattern, not_conv, sdesc, ldesc, nil, desc, block) if not_style),
nolong
end
def define(*opts, &block)
top.append(*(sw = make_switch(opts, block)))
sw[0]
end
#
# Add option switch and handler. See #make_switch for an explanation of
# parameters.
#
def on(*opts, &block)
define(*opts, &block)
self
end
alias def_option define
def define_head(*opts, &block)
top.prepend(*(sw = make_switch(opts, block)))
sw[0]
end
#
# Add option switch like with #on, but at head of summary.
#
def on_head(*opts, &block)
define_head(*opts, &block)
self
end
alias def_head_option define_head
def define_tail(*opts, &block)
base.append(*(sw = make_switch(opts, block)))
sw[0]
end
#
# Add option switch like with #on, but at tail of summary.
#
def on_tail(*opts, &block)
define_tail(*opts, &block)
self
end
alias def_tail_option define_tail
#
# Add separator in summary.
#
def separator(string)
top.append(string, nil, nil)
end
#
# Parses command line arguments +argv+ in order. When a block is given,
# each non-option argument is yielded.
#
# Returns the rest of +argv+ left unparsed.
#
def order(*argv, &block)
argv = argv[0].dup if argv.size == 1 and Array === argv[0]
order!(argv, &block)
end
#
# Same as #order, but removes switches destructively.
#
def order!(argv = default_argv, &nonopt)
parse_in_order(argv, &nonopt)
end
def parse_in_order(argv = default_argv, setter = nil, &nonopt) # :nodoc:
opt, arg, val, rest = nil
nonopt ||= proc {|a| throw :terminate, a}
argv.unshift(arg) if arg = catch(:terminate) {
while arg = argv.shift
case arg
# long option
when /\A--([^=]*)(?:=(.*))?/nm
opt, rest = $1, $2
begin
sw, = complete(:long, opt, true)
rescue ParseError
raise $!.set_option(arg, true)
end
begin
opt, cb, val = sw.parse(rest, argv) {|*exc| raise(*exc)}
val = cb.call(val) if cb
setter.call(sw.switch_name, val) if setter
rescue ParseError
raise $!.set_option(arg, rest)
end
# short option
when /\A-(.)((=).*|.+)?/nm
opt, has_arg, eq, val, rest = $1, $3, $3, $2, $2
begin
sw, = search(:short, opt)
unless sw
begin
sw, = complete(:short, opt)
# short option matched.
val = arg.sub(/\A-/, '')
has_arg = true
rescue InvalidOption
# if no short options match, try completion with long
# options.
sw, = complete(:long, opt)
eq ||= !rest
end
end
rescue ParseError
raise $!.set_option(arg, true)
end
begin
opt, cb, val = sw.parse(val, argv) {|*exc| raise(*exc) if eq}
raise InvalidOption, arg if has_arg and !eq and arg == "-#{opt}"
argv.unshift(opt) if opt and (opt = opt.sub(/\A-*/, '-')) != '-'
val = cb.call(val) if cb
setter.call(sw.switch_name, val) if setter
rescue ParseError
raise $!.set_option(arg, arg.length > 2)
end
# non-option argument
else
catch(:prune) do
visit(:each_option) do |sw0|
sw = sw0
sw.block.call(arg) if Switch === sw and sw.match_nonswitch?(arg)
end
nonopt.call(arg)
end
end
end
nil
}
visit(:search, :short, nil) {|sw| sw.block.call(*argv) if !sw.pattern}
argv
end
private :parse_in_order
#
# Parses command line arguments +argv+ in permutation mode and returns
# list of non-option arguments.
#
def permute(*argv)
argv = argv[0].dup if argv.size == 1 and Array === argv[0]
permute!(argv)
end
#
# Same as #permute, but removes switches destructively.
#
def permute!(argv = default_argv)
nonopts = []
order!(argv, &nonopts.method(:<<))
argv[0, 0] = nonopts
argv
end
#
# Parses command line arguments +argv+ in order when environment variable
# POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, and in permutation mode otherwise.
#
def parse(*argv)
argv = argv[0].dup if argv.size == 1 and Array === argv[0]
parse!(argv)
end
#
# Same as #parse, but removes switches destructively.
#
def parse!(argv = default_argv)
if ENV.include?('POSIXLY_CORRECT')
order!(argv)
else
permute!(argv)
end
end
#
# Wrapper method for getopts.rb.
#
# params = ARGV.getopts("ab:", "foo", "bar:")
# # params[:a] = true # -a
# # params[:b] = "1" # -b1
# # params[:foo] = "1" # --foo
# # params[:bar] = "x" # --bar x
#
def getopts(*args)
argv = Array === args.first ? args.shift : default_argv
single_options, *long_options = *args
result = {}
single_options.scan(/(.)(:)?/) do |opt, val|
if val
result[opt] = nil
define("-#{opt} VAL")
else
result[opt] = false
define("-#{opt}")
end
end if single_options
long_options.each do |arg|
opt, val = arg.split(':', 2)
if val
result[opt] = val.empty? ? nil : val
define("--#{opt} VAL")
else
result[opt] = false
define("--#{opt}")
end
end
parse_in_order(argv, result.method(:[]=))
result
end
#
# See #getopts.
#
def self.getopts(*args)
new.getopts(*args)
end
#
# Traverses @stack, sending each element method +id+ with +args+ and
# +block+.
#
def visit(id, *args, &block)
@stack.reverse_each do |el|
el.send(id, *args, &block)
end
nil
end
private :visit
#
# Searches +key+ in @stack for +id+ hash and returns or yields the result.
#
def search(id, key)
block_given = block_given?
visit(:search, id, key) do |k|
return block_given ? yield(k) : k
end
end
private :search
#
# Completes shortened long style option switch and returns pair of
# canonical switch and switch descriptor OptionParser::Switch.
#
# +id+:: Searching table.
# +opt+:: Searching key.
# +icase+:: Search case insensitive if true.
# +pat+:: Optional pattern for completion.
#
def complete(typ, opt, icase = false, *pat)
if pat.empty?
search(typ, opt) {|sw| return [sw, opt]} # exact match or...
end
raise AmbiguousOption, catch(:ambiguous) {
visit(:complete, typ, opt, icase, *pat) {|o, *sw| return sw}
raise InvalidOption, opt
}
end
private :complete
#
# Loads options from file names as +filename+. Does nothing when the file
# is not present. Returns whether successfully loaded.
#
# +filename+ defaults to basename of the program without suffix in a
# directory ~/.options.
#
def load(filename = nil)
begin
filename ||= File.expand_path(File.basename($0, '.*'), '~/.options')
rescue
return false
end
begin
parse(*IO.readlines(filename).each {|s| s.chomp!})
true
rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ENOTDIR
false
end
end
#
# Parses environment variable +env+ or its uppercase with splitting like a
# shell.
#
# +env+ defaults to the basename of the program.
#
def environment(env = File.basename($0, '.*'))
env = ENV[env] || ENV[env.upcase] or return
parse(*Shellwords.shellwords(env))
end
#
# Acceptable argument classes
#
#
# Any string and no conversion. This is fall-back.
#
accept(Object) {|s,|s or s.nil?}
accept(NilClass) {|s,|s}
#
# Any non-empty string, and no conversion.
#
accept(String, /.+/nm) {|s,*|s}
#
# Ruby/C-like integer, octal for 0-7 sequence, binary for 0b, hexadecimal
# for 0x, and decimal for others; with optional sign prefix. Converts to
# Integer.
#
decimal = '\d+(?:_\d+)*'
binary = 'b[01]+(?:_[01]+)*'
hex = 'x[\da-f]+(?:_[\da-f]+)*'
octal = "0(?:[0-7]*(?:_[0-7]+)*|#{binary}|#{hex})"
integer = "#{octal}|#{decimal}"
accept(Integer, %r"\A[-+]?(?:#{integer})"io) {|s,| Integer(s) if s}
#
# Float number format, and converts to Float.
#
float = "(?:#{decimal}(?:\\.(?:#{decimal})?)?|\\.#{decimal})(?:E[-+]?#{decimal})?"
floatpat = %r"\A[-+]?#{float}"io
accept(Float, floatpat) {|s,| s.to_f if s}
#
# Generic numeric format, converts to Integer for integer format, Float
# for float format.
#
accept(Numeric, %r"\A[-+]?(?:#{octal}|#{float})"io) {|s,| eval(s) if s}
#
# Decimal integer format, to be converted to Integer.
#
DecimalInteger = /\A[-+]?#{decimal}/io
accept(DecimalInteger) {|s,| s.to_i if s}
#
# Ruby/C like octal/hexadecimal/binary integer format, to be converted to
# Integer.
#
OctalInteger = /\A[-+]?(?:[0-7]+(?:_[0-7]+)*|0(?:#{binary}|#{hex}))/io
accept(OctalInteger) {|s,| s.oct if s}
#
# Decimal integer/float number format, to be converted to Integer for
# integer format, Float for float format.
#
DecimalNumeric = floatpat # decimal integer is allowed as float also.
accept(DecimalNumeric) {|s,| eval(s) if s}
#
# Boolean switch, which means whether it is present or not, whether it is
# absent or not with prefix no-, or it takes an argument
# yes/no/true/false/+/-.
#
yesno = CompletingHash.new
%w[- no false].each {|el| yesno[el] = false}
%w[+ yes true].each {|el| yesno[el] = true}
yesno['nil'] = false # shoud be nil?
accept(TrueClass, yesno) {|arg, val| val == nil or val}
#
# Similar to TrueClass, but defaults to false.
#
accept(FalseClass, yesno) {|arg, val| val != nil and val}
#
# List of strings separated by ",".
#
accept(Array) do |s,|
if s
s = s.split(',').collect {|ss| ss unless ss.empty?}
end
s
end
#
# Regular expression with options.
#
accept(Regexp, %r"\A/((?:\\.|[^\\])*)/([[:alpha:]]+)?\z|.*") do |all, s, o|
f = 0
if o
f |= Regexp::IGNORECASE if /i/ =~ o
f |= Regexp::MULTILINE if /m/ =~ o
f |= Regexp::EXTENDED if /x/ =~ o
k = o.delete("^imx")
end
Regexp.new(s || all, f, k)
end
#
# Exceptions
#
#
# Base class of exceptions from OptionParser.
#
class ParseError < RuntimeError
# Reason which caused the error.
Reason = 'parse error'.freeze
def initialize(*args)
@args = args
@reason = nil
end
attr_reader :args
attr_writer :reason
#
# Pushes back erred argument(s) to +argv+.
#
def recover(argv)
argv[0, 0] = @args
argv
end
def set_option(opt, eq)
if eq
@args[0] = opt
else
@args.unshift(opt)
end
self
end
#
# Returns error reason. Override this for I18N.
#
def reason
@reason || self.class::Reason
end
def inspect
"#<#{self.class.to_s}: #{args.join(' ')}>"
end
#
# Default stringizing method to emit standard error message.
#
def message
reason + ': ' + args.join(' ')
end
alias to_s message
end
#
# Raises when ambiguously completable string is encountered.
#
class AmbiguousOption < ParseError
const_set(:Reason, 'ambiguous option'.freeze)
end
#
# Raises when there is an argument for a switch which takes no argument.
#
class NeedlessArgument < ParseError
const_set(:Reason, 'needless argument'.freeze)
end
#
# Raises when a switch with mandatory argument has no argument.
#
class MissingArgument < ParseError
const_set(:Reason, 'missing argument'.freeze)
end
#
# Raises when switch is undefined.
#
class InvalidOption < ParseError
const_set(:Reason, 'invalid option'.freeze)
end
#
# Raises when the given argument does not match required format.
#
class InvalidArgument < ParseError
const_set(:Reason, 'invalid argument'.freeze)
end
#
# Raises when the given argument word can't be completed uniquely.
#
class AmbiguousArgument < InvalidArgument
const_set(:Reason, 'ambiguous argument'.freeze)
end
#
# Miscellaneous
#
#
# Extends command line arguments array (ARGV) to parse itself.
#
module Arguable
#
# Sets OptionParser object, when +opt+ is +false+ or +nil+, methods
# OptionParser::Arguable#options and OptionParser::Arguable#options= are
# undefined. Thus, there is no ways to access the OptionParser object
# via the receiver object.
#
def options=(opt)
unless @optparse = opt
class << self
undef_method(:options)
undef_method(:options=)
end
end
end
#
# Actual OptionParser object, automatically created if nonexistent.
#
# If called with a block, yields the OptionParser object and returns the
# result of the block. If an OptionParser::ParseError exception occurs
# in the block, it is rescued, a error message printed to STDERR and
# +nil+ returned.
#
def options
@optparse ||= OptionParser.new
@optparse.default_argv = self
block_given? or return @optparse
begin
yield @optparse
rescue ParseError
@optparse.warn $!
nil
end
end
#
# Parses +self+ destructively in order and returns +self+ containing the
# rest arguments left unparsed.
#
def order!(&blk) options.order!(self, &blk) end
#
# Parses +self+ destructively in permutation mode and returns +self+
# containing the rest arguments left unparsed.
#
def permute!() options.permute!(self) end
#
# Parses +self+ destructively and returns +self+ containing the
# rest arguments left unparsed.
#
def parse!() options.parse!(self) end
#
# Substitution of getopts is possible as follows. Also see
# OptionParser#getopts.
#
# def getopts(*args)
# ($OPT = ARGV.getopts(*args)).each do |opt, val|
# eval "$OPT_#{opt.gsub(/[^A-Za-z0-9_]/, '_')} = val"
# end
# rescue OptionParser::ParseError
# end
#
def getopts(*args)
options.getopts(self, *args)
end
#
# Initializes instance variable.
#
def self.extend_object(obj)
super
obj.instance_eval {@optparse = nil}
end
def initialize(*args)
super
@optparse = nil
end
end
#
# Acceptable argument classes. Now contains DecimalInteger, OctalInteger
# and DecimalNumeric. See Acceptable argument classes (in source code).
#
module Acceptables
const_set(:DecimalInteger, OptionParser::DecimalInteger)
const_set(:OctalInteger, OptionParser::OctalInteger)
const_set(:DecimalNumeric, OptionParser::DecimalNumeric)
end
end
# ARGV is arguable by OptionParser
ARGV.extend(OptionParser::Arguable)
if $0 == __FILE__
Version = OptionParser::Version
ARGV.options {|q|
q.parse!.empty? or puts "what's #{ARGV.join(' ')}?"
} or abort(ARGV.options.to_s)
end
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