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ruby/struct.c

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C
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/**********************************************************************
struct.c -
$Author$
created at: Tue Mar 22 18:44:30 JST 1995
Copyright (C) 1993-2007 Yukihiro Matsumoto
**********************************************************************/
#include "id.h"
#include "internal.h"
#include "internal/class.h"
#include "internal/error.h"
#include "internal/hash.h"
#include "internal/object.h"
#include "internal/proc.h"
#include "internal/struct.h"
#include "internal/symbol.h"
#include "transient_heap.h"
#include "vm_core.h"
#include "builtin.h"
/* only for struct[:field] access */
enum {
AREF_HASH_UNIT = 5,
AREF_HASH_THRESHOLD = 10
};
/* Note: Data is a stricter version of the Struct: no attr writers & no
hash-alike/array-alike behavior. It shares most of the implementation
on the C level, but is unrelated on the Ruby level. */
VALUE rb_cStruct;
static VALUE rb_cData;
static ID id_members, id_back_members, id_keyword_init;
static VALUE struct_alloc(VALUE);
static inline VALUE
struct_ivar_get(VALUE c, ID id)
{
VALUE orig = c;
VALUE ivar = rb_attr_get(c, id);
if (!NIL_P(ivar))
return ivar;
for (;;) {
c = rb_class_superclass(c);
if (c == rb_cStruct || c == rb_cData || !RTEST(c))
return Qnil;
RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(c, T_CLASS));
ivar = rb_attr_get(c, id);
if (!NIL_P(ivar)) {
return rb_ivar_set(orig, id, ivar);
}
}
}
VALUE
rb_struct_s_keyword_init(VALUE klass)
{
return struct_ivar_get(klass, id_keyword_init);
}
VALUE
rb_struct_s_members(VALUE klass)
{
VALUE members = struct_ivar_get(klass, id_members);
if (NIL_P(members)) {
rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "uninitialized struct");
}
if (!RB_TYPE_P(members, T_ARRAY)) {
rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "corrupted struct");
}
return members;
}
VALUE
rb_struct_members(VALUE s)
{
VALUE members = rb_struct_s_members(rb_obj_class(s));
if (RSTRUCT_LEN(s) != RARRAY_LEN(members)) {
rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "struct size differs (%ld required %ld given)",
RARRAY_LEN(members), RSTRUCT_LEN(s));
}
return members;
}
static long
struct_member_pos_ideal(VALUE name, long mask)
{
/* (id & (mask/2)) * 2 */
return (SYM2ID(name) >> (ID_SCOPE_SHIFT - 1)) & mask;
}
static long
struct_member_pos_probe(long prev, long mask)
{
/* (((prev/2) * AREF_HASH_UNIT + 1) & (mask/2)) * 2 */
return (prev * AREF_HASH_UNIT + 2) & mask;
}
static VALUE
struct_set_members(VALUE klass, VALUE /* frozen hidden array */ members)
{
VALUE back;
const long members_length = RARRAY_LEN(members);
if (members_length <= AREF_HASH_THRESHOLD) {
back = members;
}
else {
long i, j, mask = 64;
VALUE name;
while (mask < members_length * AREF_HASH_UNIT) mask *= 2;
back = rb_ary_hidden_new(mask + 1);
rb_ary_store(back, mask, INT2FIX(members_length));
mask -= 2; /* mask = (2**k-1)*2 */
for (i=0; i < members_length; i++) {
name = RARRAY_AREF(members, i);
j = struct_member_pos_ideal(name, mask);
for (;;) {
if (!RTEST(RARRAY_AREF(back, j))) {
rb_ary_store(back, j, name);
rb_ary_store(back, j + 1, INT2FIX(i));
break;
}
j = struct_member_pos_probe(j, mask);
}
}
OBJ_FREEZE_RAW(back);
}
rb_ivar_set(klass, id_members, members);
rb_ivar_set(klass, id_back_members, back);
return members;
}
static inline int
struct_member_pos(VALUE s, VALUE name)
{
VALUE back = struct_ivar_get(rb_obj_class(s), id_back_members);
long j, mask;
if (UNLIKELY(NIL_P(back))) {
rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "uninitialized struct");
}
if (UNLIKELY(!RB_TYPE_P(back, T_ARRAY))) {
rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "corrupted struct");
}
mask = RARRAY_LEN(back);
if (mask <= AREF_HASH_THRESHOLD) {
if (UNLIKELY(RSTRUCT_LEN(s) != mask)) {
rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,
"struct size differs (%ld required %ld given)",
mask, RSTRUCT_LEN(s));
}
for (j = 0; j < mask; j++) {
if (RARRAY_AREF(back, j) == name)
return (int)j;
}
return -1;
}
if (UNLIKELY(RSTRUCT_LEN(s) != FIX2INT(RARRAY_AREF(back, mask-1)))) {
rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "struct size differs (%d required %ld given)",
FIX2INT(RARRAY_AREF(back, mask-1)), RSTRUCT_LEN(s));
}
mask -= 3;
j = struct_member_pos_ideal(name, mask);
for (;;) {
VALUE e = RARRAY_AREF(back, j);
if (e == name)
return FIX2INT(RARRAY_AREF(back, j + 1));
if (!RTEST(e)) {
return -1;
}
j = struct_member_pos_probe(j, mask);
}
}
/*
* call-seq:
* StructClass::members -> array_of_symbols
*
* Returns the member names of the Struct descendant as an array:
*
* Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip)
* Customer.members # => [:name, :address, :zip]
*
*/
static VALUE
rb_struct_s_members_m(VALUE klass)
{
VALUE members = rb_struct_s_members(klass);
return rb_ary_dup(members);
}
/*
* call-seq:
* members -> array_of_symbols
*
* Returns the member names from +self+ as an array:
*
* Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip)
* Customer.new.members # => [:name, :address, :zip]
*
* Related: #to_a.
*/
static VALUE
rb_struct_members_m(VALUE obj)
{
return rb_struct_s_members_m(rb_obj_class(obj));
}
VALUE
rb_struct_getmember(VALUE obj, ID id)
{
VALUE slot = ID2SYM(id);
int i = struct_member_pos(obj, slot);
if (i != -1) {
return RSTRUCT_GET(obj, i);
}
rb_name_err_raise("`%1$s' is not a struct member", obj, ID2SYM(id));
UNREACHABLE_RETURN(Qnil);
}
static void
rb_struct_modify(VALUE s)
{
rb_check_frozen(s);
}
static VALUE
anonymous_struct(VALUE klass)
{
VALUE nstr;
nstr = rb_class_new(klass);
rb_make_metaclass(nstr, RBASIC(klass)->klass);
rb_class_inherited(klass, nstr);
return nstr;
}
static VALUE
new_struct(VALUE name, VALUE super)
{
/* old style: should we warn? */
ID id;
name = rb_str_to_str(name);
if (!rb_is_const_name(name)) {
rb_name_err_raise("identifier %1$s needs to be constant",
super, name);
}
id = rb_to_id(name);
if (rb_const_defined_at(super, id)) {
rb_warn("redefining constant %"PRIsVALUE"::%"PRIsVALUE, super, name);
rb_mod_remove_const(super, ID2SYM(id));
}
return rb_define_class_id_under(super, id, super);
}
NORETURN(static void invalid_struct_pos(VALUE s, VALUE idx));
static void
define_aref_method(VALUE nstr, VALUE name, VALUE off)
{
rb_add_method_optimized(nstr, SYM2ID(name), OPTIMIZED_METHOD_TYPE_STRUCT_AREF, FIX2UINT(off), METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC);
}
static void
define_aset_method(VALUE nstr, VALUE name, VALUE off)
{
rb_add_method_optimized(nstr, SYM2ID(name), OPTIMIZED_METHOD_TYPE_STRUCT_ASET, FIX2UINT(off), METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC);
}
static VALUE
rb_struct_s_inspect(VALUE klass)
{
VALUE inspect = rb_class_name(klass);
if (RTEST(rb_struct_s_keyword_init(klass))) {
rb_str_cat_cstr(inspect, "(keyword_init: true)");
}
return inspect;
}
static VALUE
rb_data_s_new(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
if (rb_keyword_given_p()) {
if (argc > 1 || !RB_TYPE_P(argv[0], T_HASH)) {
rb_error_arity(argc, 0, 0);
}
return rb_class_new_instance_pass_kw(argc, argv, klass);
}
else {
VALUE members = struct_ivar_get(klass, id_members);
int num_members = RARRAY_LENINT(members);
rb_check_arity(argc, 0, num_members);
VALUE arg_hash = rb_hash_new_with_size(argc);
for (long i=0; i<argc; i++) {
VALUE k = rb_ary_entry(members, i), v = argv[i];
rb_hash_aset(arg_hash, k, v);
}
return rb_class_new_instance_kw(1, &arg_hash, klass, RB_PASS_KEYWORDS);
}
}
#if 0 /* for RDoc */
/*
* call-seq:
* StructClass::keyword_init? -> true or falsy value
*
* Returns +true+ if the class was initialized with <tt>keyword_init: true</tt>.
* Otherwise returns +nil+ or +false+.
*
* Examples:
* Foo = Struct.new(:a)
* Foo.keyword_init? # => nil
* Bar = Struct.new(:a, keyword_init: true)
* Bar.keyword_init? # => true
* Baz = Struct.new(:a, keyword_init: false)
* Baz.keyword_init? # => false
*/
static VALUE
rb_struct_s_keyword_init_p(VALUE obj)
{
}
#endif
#define rb_struct_s_keyword_init_p rb_struct_s_keyword_init
static VALUE
setup_struct(VALUE nstr, VALUE members)
{
long i, len;
members = struct_set_members(nstr, members);
rb_define_alloc_func(nstr, struct_alloc);
rb_define_singleton_method(nstr, "new", rb_class_new_instance_pass_kw, -1);
rb_define_singleton_method(nstr, "[]", rb_class_new_instance_pass_kw, -1);
rb_define_singleton_method(nstr, "members", rb_struct_s_members_m, 0);
rb_define_singleton_method(nstr, "inspect", rb_struct_s_inspect, 0);
rb_define_singleton_method(nstr, "keyword_init?", rb_struct_s_keyword_init_p, 0);
len = RARRAY_LEN(members);
for (i=0; i< len; i++) {
VALUE sym = RARRAY_AREF(members, i);
ID id = SYM2ID(sym);
VALUE off = LONG2NUM(i);
define_aref_method(nstr, sym, off);
define_aset_method(nstr, ID2SYM(rb_id_attrset(id)), off);
}
return nstr;
}
static VALUE
setup_data(VALUE subclass, VALUE members)
{
long i, len;
members = struct_set_members(subclass, members);
rb_define_alloc_func(subclass, struct_alloc);
VALUE sclass = rb_singleton_class(subclass);
rb_undef_method(sclass, "define");
rb_define_method(sclass, "new", rb_data_s_new, -1);
rb_define_method(sclass, "[]", rb_data_s_new, -1);
rb_define_method(sclass, "members", rb_struct_s_members_m, 0);
rb_define_method(sclass, "inspect", rb_struct_s_inspect, 0); // FIXME: just a separate method?..
len = RARRAY_LEN(members);
for (i=0; i< len; i++) {
VALUE sym = RARRAY_AREF(members, i);
VALUE off = LONG2NUM(i);
define_aref_method(subclass, sym, off);
}
return subclass;
}
VALUE
rb_struct_alloc_noinit(VALUE klass)
{
return struct_alloc(klass);
}
static VALUE
struct_make_members_list(va_list ar)
{
char *mem;
VALUE ary, list = rb_ident_hash_new();
RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(list);
while ((mem = va_arg(ar, char*)) != 0) {
VALUE sym = rb_sym_intern_ascii_cstr(mem);
if (RTEST(rb_hash_has_key(list, sym))) {
rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "duplicate member: %s", mem);
}
rb_hash_aset(list, sym, Qtrue);
}
ary = rb_hash_keys(list);
RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(ary);
OBJ_FREEZE_RAW(ary);
return ary;
}
static VALUE
struct_define_without_accessor(VALUE outer, const char *class_name, VALUE super, rb_alloc_func_t alloc, VALUE members)
{
VALUE klass;
if (class_name) {
if (outer) {
klass = rb_define_class_under(outer, class_name, super);
}
else {
klass = rb_define_class(class_name, super);
}
}
else {
klass = anonymous_struct(super);
}
struct_set_members(klass, members);
if (alloc) {
rb_define_alloc_func(klass, alloc);
}
else {
rb_define_alloc_func(klass, struct_alloc);
}
return klass;
}
VALUE
rb_struct_define_without_accessor_under(VALUE outer, const char *class_name, VALUE super, rb_alloc_func_t alloc, ...)
{
va_list ar;
VALUE members;
va_start(ar, alloc);
members = struct_make_members_list(ar);
va_end(ar);
return struct_define_without_accessor(outer, class_name, super, alloc, members);
}
VALUE
rb_struct_define_without_accessor(const char *class_name, VALUE super, rb_alloc_func_t alloc, ...)
{
va_list ar;
VALUE members;
va_start(ar, alloc);
members = struct_make_members_list(ar);
va_end(ar);
return struct_define_without_accessor(0, class_name, super, alloc, members);
}
VALUE
rb_struct_define(const char *name, ...)
{
va_list ar;
VALUE st, ary;
va_start(ar, name);
ary = struct_make_members_list(ar);
va_end(ar);
if (!name) st = anonymous_struct(rb_cStruct);
else st = new_struct(rb_str_new2(name), rb_cStruct);
return setup_struct(st, ary);
}
VALUE
rb_struct_define_under(VALUE outer, const char *name, ...)
{
va_list ar;
VALUE ary;
va_start(ar, name);
ary = struct_make_members_list(ar);
va_end(ar);
return setup_struct(rb_define_class_under(outer, name, rb_cStruct), ary);
}
/*
* call-seq:
* Struct.new(*member_names, keyword_init: nil){|Struct_subclass| ... } -> Struct_subclass
* Struct.new(class_name, *member_names, keyword_init: nil){|Struct_subclass| ... } -> Struct_subclass
* Struct_subclass.new(*member_names) -> Struct_subclass_instance
* Struct_subclass.new(**member_names) -> Struct_subclass_instance
*
* <tt>Struct.new</tt> returns a new subclass of +Struct+. The new subclass:
*
* - May be anonymous, or may have the name given by +class_name+.
* - May have members as given by +member_names+.
* - May have initialization via ordinary arguments, or via keyword arguments
*
* The new subclass has its own method <tt>::new</tt>; thus:
*
* Foo = Struct.new('Foo', :foo, :bar) # => Struct::Foo
* f = Foo.new(0, 1) # => #<struct Struct::Foo foo=0, bar=1>
*
* <b>\Class Name</b>
*
* With string argument +class_name+,
* returns a new subclass of +Struct+ named <tt>Struct::<em>class_name</em></tt>:
*
* Foo = Struct.new('Foo', :foo, :bar) # => Struct::Foo
* Foo.name # => "Struct::Foo"
* Foo.superclass # => Struct
*
* Without string argument +class_name+,
* returns a new anonymous subclass of +Struct+:
*
* Struct.new(:foo, :bar).name # => nil
*
* <b>Block</b>
*
* With a block given, the created subclass is yielded to the block:
*
* Customer = Struct.new('Customer', :name, :address) do |new_class|
* p "The new subclass is #{new_class}"
* def greeting
* "Hello #{name} at #{address}"
* end
* end # => Struct::Customer
* dave = Customer.new('Dave', '123 Main')
* dave # => #<struct Struct::Customer name="Dave", address="123 Main">
* dave.greeting # => "Hello Dave at 123 Main"
*
* Output, from <tt>Struct.new</tt>:
*
* "The new subclass is Struct::Customer"
*
* <b>Member Names</b>
*
* \Symbol arguments +member_names+
* determines the members of the new subclass:
*
* Struct.new(:foo, :bar).members # => [:foo, :bar]
* Struct.new('Foo', :foo, :bar).members # => [:foo, :bar]
*
* The new subclass has instance methods corresponding to +member_names+:
*
* Foo = Struct.new('Foo', :foo, :bar)
* Foo.instance_methods(false) # => [:foo, :bar, :foo=, :bar=]
* f = Foo.new # => #<struct Struct::Foo foo=nil, bar=nil>
* f.foo # => nil
* f.foo = 0 # => 0
* f.bar # => nil
* f.bar = 1 # => 1
* f # => #<struct Struct::Foo foo=0, bar=1>
*
* <b>Singleton Methods</b>
*
* A subclass returned by Struct.new has these singleton methods:
*
* - \Method <tt>::new </tt> creates an instance of the subclass:
*
* Foo.new # => #<struct Struct::Foo foo=nil, bar=nil>
* Foo.new(0) # => #<struct Struct::Foo foo=0, bar=nil>
* Foo.new(0, 1) # => #<struct Struct::Foo foo=0, bar=1>
* Foo.new(0, 1, 2) # Raises ArgumentError: struct size differs
*
* # Initialization with keyword arguments:
* Foo.new(foo: 0) # => #<struct Struct::Foo foo=0, bar=nil>
* Foo.new(foo: 0, bar: 1) # => #<struct Struct::Foo foo=0, bar=1>
* Foo.new(foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2)
* # Raises ArgumentError: unknown keywords: baz
*
* - \Method <tt>:inspect</tt> returns a string representation of the subclass:
*
* Foo.inspect
* # => "Struct::Foo"
*
* - \Method <tt>::members</tt> returns an array of the member names:
*
* Foo.members # => [:foo, :bar]
*
* <b>Keyword Argument</b>
*
* By default, the arguments for initializing an instance of the new subclass
* can be both positional and keyword arguments.
*
* Optional keyword argument <tt>keyword_init:</tt> allows to force only one
* type of arguments to be accepted:
*
* KeywordsOnly = Struct.new(:foo, :bar, keyword_init: true)
* KeywordsOnly.new(bar: 1, foo: 0)
* # => #<struct KeywordsOnly foo=0, bar=1>
* KeywordsOnly.new(0, 1)
* # Raises ArgumentError: wrong number of arguments
*
* PositionalOnly = Struct.new(:foo, :bar, keyword_init: false)
* PositionalOnly.new(0, 1)
* # => #<struct PositionalOnly foo=0, bar=1>
* PositionalOnly.new(bar: 1, foo: 0)
* # => #<struct PositionalOnly foo={:foo=>1, :bar=>2}, bar=nil>
* # Note that no error is raised, but arguments treated as one hash value
*
* # Same as not providing keyword_init:
* Any = Struct.new(:foo, :bar, keyword_init: nil)
* Any.new(foo: 1, bar: 2)
* # => #<struct Any foo=1, bar=2>
* Any.new(1, 2)
* # => #<struct Any foo=1, bar=2>
*/
static VALUE
rb_struct_s_def(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
VALUE name = Qnil, rest, keyword_init = Qnil;
long i;
VALUE st;
VALUE opt;
argc = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "0*:", NULL, &opt);
if (argc >= 1 && !SYMBOL_P(argv[0])) {
name = argv[0];
--argc;
++argv;
}
if (!NIL_P(opt)) {
static ID keyword_ids[1];
if (!keyword_ids[0]) {
keyword_ids[0] = rb_intern("keyword_init");
}
rb_get_kwargs(opt, keyword_ids, 0, 1, &keyword_init);
if (UNDEF_P(keyword_init)) {
keyword_init = Qnil;
}
else if (RTEST(keyword_init)) {
keyword_init = Qtrue;
}
}
rest = rb_ident_hash_new();
RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(rest);
for (i=0; i<argc; i++) {
VALUE mem = rb_to_symbol(argv[i]);
if (rb_is_attrset_sym(mem)) {
rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid struct member: %"PRIsVALUE, mem);
}
if (RTEST(rb_hash_has_key(rest, mem))) {
rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "duplicate member: %"PRIsVALUE, mem);
}
rb_hash_aset(rest, mem, Qtrue);
}
rest = rb_hash_keys(rest);
RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(rest);
OBJ_FREEZE_RAW(rest);
if (NIL_P(name)) {
st = anonymous_struct(klass);
}
else {
st = new_struct(name, klass);
}
setup_struct(st, rest);
rb_ivar_set(st, id_keyword_init, keyword_init);
if (rb_block_given_p()) {
rb_mod_module_eval(0, 0, st);
}
return st;
}
static long
num_members(VALUE klass)
{
VALUE members;
members = struct_ivar_get(klass, id_members);
if (!RB_TYPE_P(members, T_ARRAY)) {
rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "broken members");
}
return RARRAY_LEN(members);
}
/*
*/
struct struct_hash_set_arg {
VALUE self;
VALUE unknown_keywords;
};
static int rb_struct_pos(VALUE s, VALUE *name);
static int
struct_hash_set_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE arg)
{
struct struct_hash_set_arg *args = (struct struct_hash_set_arg *)arg;
int i = rb_struct_pos(args->self, &key);
if (i < 0) {
if (NIL_P(args->unknown_keywords)) {
args->unknown_keywords = rb_ary_new();
}
rb_ary_push(args->unknown_keywords, key);
}
else {
rb_struct_modify(args->self);
RSTRUCT_SET(args->self, i, val);
}
return ST_CONTINUE;
}
static VALUE
rb_struct_initialize_m(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
VALUE klass = rb_obj_class(self);
rb_struct_modify(self);
long n = num_members(klass);
if (argc == 0) {
rb_mem_clear((VALUE *)RSTRUCT_CONST_PTR(self), n);
return Qnil;
}
bool keyword_init = false;
switch (rb_struct_s_keyword_init(klass)) {
default:
if (argc > 1 || !RB_TYPE_P(argv[0], T_HASH)) {
rb_error_arity(argc, 0, 0);
}
keyword_init = true;
break;
case Qfalse:
break;
case Qnil:
if (argc > 1 || !RB_TYPE_P(argv[0], T_HASH)) {
break;
}
keyword_init = rb_keyword_given_p();
break;
}
if (keyword_init) {
struct struct_hash_set_arg arg;
rb_mem_clear((VALUE *)RSTRUCT_CONST_PTR(self), n);
arg.self = self;
arg.unknown_keywords = Qnil;
rb_hash_foreach(argv[0], struct_hash_set_i, (VALUE)&arg);
if (arg.unknown_keywords != Qnil) {
rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown keywords: %s",
RSTRING_PTR(rb_ary_join(arg.unknown_keywords, rb_str_new2(", "))));
}
}
else {
if (n < argc) {
rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "struct size differs");
}
for (long i=0; i<argc; i++) {
RSTRUCT_SET(self, i, argv[i]);
}
if (n > argc) {
rb_mem_clear((VALUE *)RSTRUCT_CONST_PTR(self)+argc, n-argc);
}
}
return Qnil;
}
VALUE
rb_struct_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE values)
{
rb_struct_initialize_m(RARRAY_LENINT(values), RARRAY_CONST_PTR(values), self);
if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(self, rb_cData)) OBJ_FREEZE_RAW(self);
RB_GC_GUARD(values);
return Qnil;
}
static VALUE *
struct_heap_alloc(VALUE st, size_t len)
{
VALUE *ptr = rb_transient_heap_alloc((VALUE)st, sizeof(VALUE) * len);
if (ptr) {
RSTRUCT_TRANSIENT_SET(st);
return ptr;
}
else {
RSTRUCT_TRANSIENT_UNSET(st);
return ALLOC_N(VALUE, len);
}
}
#if USE_TRANSIENT_HEAP
void
rb_struct_transient_heap_evacuate(VALUE obj, int promote)
{
if (RSTRUCT_TRANSIENT_P(obj)) {
const VALUE *old_ptr = rb_struct_const_heap_ptr(obj);
VALUE *new_ptr;
long len = RSTRUCT_LEN(obj);
if (promote) {
new_ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, len);
FL_UNSET_RAW(obj, RSTRUCT_TRANSIENT_FLAG);
}
else {
new_ptr = struct_heap_alloc(obj, len);
}
MEMCPY(new_ptr, old_ptr, VALUE, len);
RSTRUCT(obj)->as.heap.ptr = new_ptr;
}
}
#endif
static VALUE
struct_alloc(VALUE klass)
{
long n = num_members(klass);
size_t embedded_size = offsetof(struct RStruct, as.ary) + (sizeof(VALUE) * n);
VALUE flags = T_STRUCT | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_STRUCT ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0);
if (n > 0 && rb_gc_size_allocatable_p(embedded_size)) {
flags |= n << RSTRUCT_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT;
NEWOBJ_OF(st, struct RStruct, klass, flags, embedded_size, 0);
rb_mem_clear((VALUE *)st->as.ary, n);
return (VALUE)st;
}
else {
NEWOBJ_OF(st, struct RStruct, klass, flags, sizeof(struct RStruct), 0);
st->as.heap.ptr = struct_heap_alloc((VALUE)st, n);
rb_mem_clear((VALUE *)st->as.heap.ptr, n);
st->as.heap.len = n;
return (VALUE)st;
}
}
VALUE
rb_struct_alloc(VALUE klass, VALUE values)
{
return rb_class_new_instance(RARRAY_LENINT(values), RARRAY_CONST_PTR(values), klass);
}
VALUE
rb_struct_new(VALUE klass, ...)
{
VALUE tmpargs[16], *mem = tmpargs;
int size, i;
va_list args;
size = rb_long2int(num_members(klass));
if (size > numberof(tmpargs)) {
tmpargs[0] = rb_ary_hidden_new(size);
mem = RARRAY_PTR(tmpargs[0]);
}
va_start(args, klass);
for (i=0; i<size; i++) {
mem[i] = va_arg(args, VALUE);
}
va_end(args);
return rb_class_new_instance(size, mem, klass);
}
static VALUE
struct_enum_size(VALUE s, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
{
return rb_struct_size(s);
}
/*
* call-seq:
* each {|value| ... } -> self
* each -> enumerator
*
* Calls the given block with the value of each member; returns +self+:
*
* Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip)
* joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* joe.each {|value| p value }
*
* Output:
*
* "Joe Smith"
* "123 Maple, Anytown NC"
* 12345
*
* Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.
*
* Related: #each_pair.
*/
static VALUE
rb_struct_each(VALUE s)
{
long i;
RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(s, 0, 0, struct_enum_size);
for (i=0; i<RSTRUCT_LEN(s); i++) {
rb_yield(RSTRUCT_GET(s, i));
}
return s;
}
/*
* call-seq:
* each_pair {|(name, value)| ... } -> self
* each_pair -> enumerator
*
* Calls the given block with each member name/value pair; returns +self+:
*
* Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip) # => Customer
* joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* joe.each_pair {|(name, value)| p "#{name} => #{value}" }
*
* Output:
*
* "name => Joe Smith"
* "address => 123 Maple, Anytown NC"
* "zip => 12345"
*
* Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.
*
* Related: #each.
*
*/
static VALUE
rb_struct_each_pair(VALUE s)
{
VALUE members;
long i;
RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(s, 0, 0, struct_enum_size);
members = rb_struct_members(s);
if (rb_block_pair_yield_optimizable()) {
for (i=0; i<RSTRUCT_LEN(s); i++) {
VALUE key = rb_ary_entry(members, i);
VALUE value = RSTRUCT_GET(s, i);
rb_yield_values(2, key, value);
}
}
else {
for (i=0; i<RSTRUCT_LEN(s); i++) {
VALUE key = rb_ary_entry(members, i);
VALUE value = RSTRUCT_GET(s, i);
rb_yield(rb_assoc_new(key, value));
}
}
return s;
}
static VALUE
inspect_struct(VALUE s, VALUE prefix, int recur)
{
VALUE cname = rb_class_path(rb_obj_class(s));
VALUE members;
VALUE str = prefix;
long i, len;
char first = RSTRING_PTR(cname)[0];
if (recur || first != '#') {
rb_str_append(str, cname);
}
if (recur) {
return rb_str_cat2(str, ":...>");
}
members = rb_struct_members(s);
len = RSTRUCT_LEN(s);
for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
VALUE slot;
ID id;
if (i > 0) {
rb_str_cat2(str, ", ");
}
else if (first != '#') {
rb_str_cat2(str, " ");
}
slot = RARRAY_AREF(members, i);
id = SYM2ID(slot);
if (rb_is_local_id(id) || rb_is_const_id(id)) {
rb_str_append(str, rb_id2str(id));
}
else {
rb_str_append(str, rb_inspect(slot));
}
rb_str_cat2(str, "=");
rb_str_append(str, rb_inspect(RSTRUCT_GET(s, i)));
}
rb_str_cat2(str, ">");
return str;
}
/*
* call-seq:
* inspect -> string
*
* Returns a string representation of +self+:
*
* Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip) # => Customer
* joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* joe.inspect # => "#<struct Customer name=\"Joe Smith\", address=\"123 Maple, Anytown NC\", zip=12345>"
*
*/
static VALUE
rb_struct_inspect(VALUE s)
{
return rb_exec_recursive(inspect_struct, s, rb_str_new2("#<struct "));
}
/*
* call-seq:
* to_a -> array
*
* Returns the values in +self+ as an array:
*
* Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip)
* joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* joe.to_a # => ["Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345]
*
* Related: #members.
*/
static VALUE
rb_struct_to_a(VALUE s)
{
return rb_ary_new4(RSTRUCT_LEN(s), RSTRUCT_CONST_PTR(s));
}
/*
* call-seq:
* to_h -> hash
* to_h {|name, value| ... } -> hash
*
* Returns a hash containing the name and value for each member:
*
* Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip)
* joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* h = joe.to_h
* h # => {:name=>"Joe Smith", :address=>"123 Maple, Anytown NC", :zip=>12345}
*
* If a block is given, it is called with each name/value pair;
* the block should return a 2-element array whose elements will become
* a key/value pair in the returned hash:
*
* h = joe.to_h{|name, value| [name.upcase, value.to_s.upcase]}
* h # => {:NAME=>"JOE SMITH", :ADDRESS=>"123 MAPLE, ANYTOWN NC", :ZIP=>"12345"}
*
* Raises ArgumentError if the block returns an inappropriate value.
*
*/
static VALUE
rb_struct_to_h(VALUE s)
{
VALUE h = rb_hash_new_with_size(RSTRUCT_LEN(s));
VALUE members = rb_struct_members(s);
long i;
int block_given = rb_block_given_p();
for (i=0; i<RSTRUCT_LEN(s); i++) {
VALUE k = rb_ary_entry(members, i), v = RSTRUCT_GET(s, i);
if (block_given)
rb_hash_set_pair(h, rb_yield_values(2, k, v));
else
rb_hash_aset(h, k, v);
}
return h;
}
/*
* call-seq:
* deconstruct_keys(array_of_names) -> hash
*
* Returns a hash of the name/value pairs for the given member names.
*
* Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip)
* joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* h = joe.deconstruct_keys([:zip, :address])
* h # => {:zip=>12345, :address=>"123 Maple, Anytown NC"}
*
* Returns all names and values if +array_of_names+ is +nil+:
*
* h = joe.deconstruct_keys(nil)
* h # => {:name=>"Joseph Smith, Jr.", :address=>"123 Maple, Anytown NC", :zip=>12345}
*
*/
static VALUE
rb_struct_deconstruct_keys(VALUE s, VALUE keys)
{
VALUE h;
long i;
if (NIL_P(keys)) {
return rb_struct_to_h(s);
}
if (UNLIKELY(!RB_TYPE_P(keys, T_ARRAY))) {
rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,
"wrong argument type %"PRIsVALUE" (expected Array or nil)",
rb_obj_class(keys));
}
if (RSTRUCT_LEN(s) < RARRAY_LEN(keys)) {
return rb_hash_new_with_size(0);
}
h = rb_hash_new_with_size(RARRAY_LEN(keys));
for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
VALUE key = RARRAY_AREF(keys, i);
int i = rb_struct_pos(s, &key);
if (i < 0) {
return h;
}
rb_hash_aset(h, key, RSTRUCT_GET(s, i));
}
return h;
}
/* :nodoc: */
VALUE
rb_struct_init_copy(VALUE copy, VALUE s)
{
long i, len;
if (!OBJ_INIT_COPY(copy, s)) return copy;
if (RSTRUCT_LEN(copy) != RSTRUCT_LEN(s)) {
rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "struct size mismatch");
}
for (i=0, len=RSTRUCT_LEN(copy); i<len; i++) {
RSTRUCT_SET(copy, i, RSTRUCT_GET(s, i));
}
return copy;
}
static int
rb_struct_pos(VALUE s, VALUE *name)
{
long i;
VALUE idx = *name;
if (SYMBOL_P(idx)) {
return struct_member_pos(s, idx);
}
else if (RB_TYPE_P(idx, T_STRING)) {
idx = rb_check_symbol(name);
if (NIL_P(idx)) return -1;
return struct_member_pos(s, idx);
}
else {
long len;
i = NUM2LONG(idx);
len = RSTRUCT_LEN(s);
if (i < 0) {
if (i + len < 0) {
*name = LONG2FIX(i);
return -1;
}
i += len;
}
else if (len <= i) {
*name = LONG2FIX(i);
return -1;
}
return (int)i;
}
}
static void
invalid_struct_pos(VALUE s, VALUE idx)
{
if (FIXNUM_P(idx)) {
long i = FIX2INT(idx), len = RSTRUCT_LEN(s);
if (i < 0) {
rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "offset %ld too small for struct(size:%ld)",
i, len);
}
else {
rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "offset %ld too large for struct(size:%ld)",
i, len);
}
}
else {
rb_name_err_raise("no member '%1$s' in struct", s, idx);
}
}
/*
* call-seq:
* struct[name] -> object
* struct[n] -> object
*
* Returns a value from +self+.
*
* With symbol or string argument +name+ given, returns the value for the named member:
*
* Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip)
* joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* joe[:zip] # => 12345
*
* Raises NameError if +name+ is not the name of a member.
*
* With integer argument +n+ given, returns <tt>self.values[n]</tt>
* if +n+ is in range;
* see Array@Array+Indexes:
*
* joe[2] # => 12345
* joe[-2] # => "123 Maple, Anytown NC"
*
* Raises IndexError if +n+ is out of range.
*
*/
VALUE
rb_struct_aref(VALUE s, VALUE idx)
{
int i = rb_struct_pos(s, &idx);
if (i < 0) invalid_struct_pos(s, idx);
return RSTRUCT_GET(s, i);
}
/*
* call-seq:
* struct[name] = value -> value
* struct[n] = value -> value
*
* Assigns a value to a member.
*
* With symbol or string argument +name+ given, assigns the given +value+
* to the named member; returns +value+:
*
* Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip)
* joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* joe[:zip] = 54321 # => 54321
* joe # => #<struct Customer name="Joe Smith", address="123 Maple, Anytown NC", zip=54321>
*
* Raises NameError if +name+ is not the name of a member.
*
* With integer argument +n+ given, assigns the given +value+
* to the +n+-th member if +n+ is in range;
* see Array@Array+Indexes:
*
* joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* joe[2] = 54321 # => 54321
* joe[-3] = 'Joseph Smith' # => "Joseph Smith"
* joe # => #<struct Customer name="Joseph Smith", address="123 Maple, Anytown NC", zip=54321>
*
* Raises IndexError if +n+ is out of range.
*
*/
VALUE
rb_struct_aset(VALUE s, VALUE idx, VALUE val)
{
int i = rb_struct_pos(s, &idx);
if (i < 0) invalid_struct_pos(s, idx);
rb_struct_modify(s);
RSTRUCT_SET(s, i, val);
return val;
}
FUNC_MINIMIZED(VALUE rb_struct_lookup(VALUE s, VALUE idx));
NOINLINE(static VALUE rb_struct_lookup_default(VALUE s, VALUE idx, VALUE notfound));
VALUE
rb_struct_lookup(VALUE s, VALUE idx)
{
return rb_struct_lookup_default(s, idx, Qnil);
}
static VALUE
rb_struct_lookup_default(VALUE s, VALUE idx, VALUE notfound)
{
int i = rb_struct_pos(s, &idx);
if (i < 0) return notfound;
return RSTRUCT_GET(s, i);
}
static VALUE
struct_entry(VALUE s, long n)
{
return rb_struct_aref(s, LONG2NUM(n));
}
/*
* call-seq:
* values_at(*integers) -> array
* values_at(integer_range) -> array
*
* Returns an array of values from +self+.
*
* With integer arguments +integers+ given,
* returns an array containing each value given by one of +integers+:
*
* Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip)
* joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* joe.values_at(0, 2) # => ["Joe Smith", 12345]
* joe.values_at(2, 0) # => [12345, "Joe Smith"]
* joe.values_at(2, 1, 0) # => [12345, "123 Maple, Anytown NC", "Joe Smith"]
* joe.values_at(0, -3) # => ["Joe Smith", "Joe Smith"]
*
* Raises IndexError if any of +integers+ is out of range;
* see Array@Array+Indexes.
*
* With integer range argument +integer_range+ given,
* returns an array containing each value given by the elements of the range;
* fills with +nil+ values for range elements larger than the structure:
*
* joe.values_at(0..2)
* # => ["Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345]
* joe.values_at(-3..-1)
* # => ["Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345]
* joe.values_at(1..4) # => ["123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345, nil, nil]
*
* Raises RangeError if any element of the range is negative and out of range;
* see Array@Array+Indexes.
*
*/
static VALUE
rb_struct_values_at(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE s)
{
return rb_get_values_at(s, RSTRUCT_LEN(s), argc, argv, struct_entry);
}
/*
* call-seq:
* select {|value| ... } -> array
* select -> enumerator
*
* With a block given, returns an array of values from +self+
* for which the block returns a truthy value:
*
* Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip)
* joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* a = joe.select {|value| value.is_a?(String) }
* a # => ["Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC"]
* a = joe.select {|value| value.is_a?(Integer) }
* a # => [12345]
*
* With no block given, returns an Enumerator.
*/
static VALUE
rb_struct_select(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE s)
{
VALUE result;
long i;
rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 0);
RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(s, 0, 0, struct_enum_size);
result = rb_ary_new();
for (i = 0; i < RSTRUCT_LEN(s); i++) {
if (RTEST(rb_yield(RSTRUCT_GET(s, i)))) {
rb_ary_push(result, RSTRUCT_GET(s, i));
}
}
return result;
}
static VALUE
recursive_equal(VALUE s, VALUE s2, int recur)
{
long i, len;
if (recur) return Qtrue; /* Subtle! */
len = RSTRUCT_LEN(s);
for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
if (!rb_equal(RSTRUCT_GET(s, i), RSTRUCT_GET(s2, i))) return Qfalse;
}
return Qtrue;
}
/*
* call-seq:
* self == other -> true or false
*
* Returns +true+ if and only if the following are true; otherwise returns +false+:
*
* - <tt>other.class == self.class</tt>.
* - For each member name +name+, <tt>other.name == self.name</tt>.
*
* Examples:
*
* Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip)
* joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* joe_jr = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* joe_jr == joe # => true
* joe_jr[:name] = 'Joe Smith, Jr.'
* # => "Joe Smith, Jr."
* joe_jr == joe # => false
*/
static VALUE
rb_struct_equal(VALUE s, VALUE s2)
{
if (s == s2) return Qtrue;
if (!RB_TYPE_P(s2, T_STRUCT)) return Qfalse;
if (rb_obj_class(s) != rb_obj_class(s2)) return Qfalse;
if (RSTRUCT_LEN(s) != RSTRUCT_LEN(s2)) {
rb_bug("inconsistent struct"); /* should never happen */
}
return rb_exec_recursive_paired(recursive_equal, s, s2, s2);
}
/*
* call-seq:
* hash -> integer
*
* Returns the integer hash value for +self+.
*
* Two structs of the same class and with the same content
* will have the same hash code (and will compare using Struct#eql?):
*
* Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip)
* joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* joe_jr = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* joe.hash == joe_jr.hash # => true
* joe_jr[:name] = 'Joe Smith, Jr.'
* joe.hash == joe_jr.hash # => false
*
* Related: Object#hash.
*/
static VALUE
rb_struct_hash(VALUE s)
{
long i, len;
st_index_t h;
VALUE n;
h = rb_hash_start(rb_hash(rb_obj_class(s)));
len = RSTRUCT_LEN(s);
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
n = rb_hash(RSTRUCT_GET(s, i));
h = rb_hash_uint(h, NUM2LONG(n));
}
h = rb_hash_end(h);
return ST2FIX(h);
}
static VALUE
recursive_eql(VALUE s, VALUE s2, int recur)
{
long i, len;
if (recur) return Qtrue; /* Subtle! */
len = RSTRUCT_LEN(s);
for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
if (!rb_eql(RSTRUCT_GET(s, i), RSTRUCT_GET(s2, i))) return Qfalse;
}
return Qtrue;
}
/*
* call-seq:
* eql?(other) -> true or false
*
* Returns +true+ if and only if the following are true; otherwise returns +false+:
*
* - <tt>other.class == self.class</tt>.
* - For each member name +name+, <tt>other.name.eql?(self.name)</tt>.
*
* Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip)
* joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* joe_jr = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* joe_jr.eql?(joe) # => true
* joe_jr[:name] = 'Joe Smith, Jr.'
* joe_jr.eql?(joe) # => false
*
* Related: Object#==.
*/
static VALUE
rb_struct_eql(VALUE s, VALUE s2)
{
if (s == s2) return Qtrue;
if (!RB_TYPE_P(s2, T_STRUCT)) return Qfalse;
if (rb_obj_class(s) != rb_obj_class(s2)) return Qfalse;
if (RSTRUCT_LEN(s) != RSTRUCT_LEN(s2)) {
rb_bug("inconsistent struct"); /* should never happen */
}
return rb_exec_recursive_paired(recursive_eql, s, s2, s2);
}
/*
* call-seq:
* size -> integer
*
* Returns the number of members.
*
* Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip)
* joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* joe.size #=> 3
*
*/
VALUE
rb_struct_size(VALUE s)
{
return LONG2FIX(RSTRUCT_LEN(s));
}
/*
* call-seq:
* dig(name, *identifiers) -> object
* dig(n, *identifiers) -> object
*
* Finds and returns an object among nested objects.
* The nested objects may be instances of various classes.
* See {Dig Methods}[rdoc-ref:dig_methods.rdoc].
*
*
* Given symbol or string argument +name+,
* returns the object that is specified by +name+ and +identifiers+:
*
* Foo = Struct.new(:a)
* f = Foo.new(Foo.new({b: [1, 2, 3]}))
* f.dig(:a) # => #<struct Foo a={:b=>[1, 2, 3]}>
* f.dig(:a, :a) # => {:b=>[1, 2, 3]}
* f.dig(:a, :a, :b) # => [1, 2, 3]
* f.dig(:a, :a, :b, 0) # => 1
* f.dig(:b, 0) # => nil
*
* Given integer argument +n+,
* returns the object that is specified by +n+ and +identifiers+:
*
* f.dig(0) # => #<struct Foo a={:b=>[1, 2, 3]}>
* f.dig(0, 0) # => {:b=>[1, 2, 3]}
* f.dig(0, 0, :b) # => [1, 2, 3]
* f.dig(0, 0, :b, 0) # => 1
* f.dig(:b, 0) # => nil
*
*/
static VALUE
rb_struct_dig(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
rb_check_arity(argc, 1, UNLIMITED_ARGUMENTS);
self = rb_struct_lookup(self, *argv);
if (!--argc) return self;
++argv;
return rb_obj_dig(argc, argv, self, Qnil);
}
/*
* Document-class: Data
*
* \Class \Data provides a convenient way to define simple classes
* for value-alike objects.
*
* The simplest example of usage:
*
* Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
*
* # Positional arguments constructor is provided
* distance = Measure.new(100, 'km')
* #=> #<data Measure amount=100, unit="km">
*
* # Keyword arguments constructor is provided
* weight = Measure.new(amount: 50, unit: 'kg')
* #=> #<data Measure amount=50, unit="kg">
*
* # Alternative form to construct an object:
* speed = Measure[10, 'mPh']
* #=> #<data Measure amount=10, unit="mPh">
*
* # Works with keyword arguments, too:
* area = Measure[amount: 1.5, unit: 'm^2']
* #=> #<data Measure amount=1.5, unit="m^2">
*
* # Argument accessors are provided:
* distance.amount #=> 100
* distance.unit #=> "km"
*
* Constructed object also has a reasonable definitions of #==
* operator, #to_h hash conversion, and #deconstruct / #deconstruct_keys
* to be used in pattern matching.
*
* ::define method accepts an optional block and evaluates it in
* the context of the newly defined class. That allows to define
* additional methods:
*
* Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit) do
* def <=>(other)
* return unless other.is_a?(self.class) && other.unit == unit
* amount <=> other.amount
* end
*
* include Comparable
* end
*
* Measure[3, 'm'] < Measure[5, 'm'] #=> true
* Measure[3, 'm'] < Measure[5, 'kg']
* # comparison of Measure with Measure failed (ArgumentError)
*
* Data provides no member writers, or enumerators: it is meant
* to be a storage for immutable atomic values. But note that
* if some of data members is of a mutable class, Data does no additional
* immutability enforcement:
*
* Event = Data.define(:time, :weekdays)
* event = Event.new('18:00', %w[Tue Wed Fri])
* #=> #<data Event time="18:00", weekdays=["Tue", "Wed", "Fri"]>
*
* # There is no #time= or #weekdays= accessors, but changes are
* # still possible:
* event.weekdays << 'Sat'
* event
* #=> #<data Event time="18:00", weekdays=["Tue", "Wed", "Fri", "Sat"]>
*
* See also Struct, which is a similar concept, but has more
* container-alike API, allowing to change contents of the object
* and enumerate it.
*/
/*
* call-seq:
* define(*symbols) -> class
*
* Defines a new \Data class.
*
* measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
* #=> #<Class:0x00007f70c6868498>
* measure.new(1, 'km')
* #=> #<data amount=1, unit="km">
*
* # It you store the new class in the constant, it will
* # affect #inspect and will be more natural to use:
* Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
* #=> Measure
* Measure.new(1, 'km')
* #=> #<data Measure amount=1, unit="km">
*
*
* Note that member-less \Data is acceptable and might be a useful technique
* for defining several homogenous data classes, like
*
* class HTTPFetcher
* Response = Data.define(:body)
* NotFound = Data.define
* # ... implementation
* end
*
* Now, different kinds of responses from +HTTPFetcher+ would have consistent
* representation:
*
* #<data HTTPFetcher::Response body="<html...">
* #<data HTTPFetcher::NotFound>
*
* And are convenient to use in pattern matching:
*
* case fetcher.get(url)
* in HTTPFetcher::Response(body)
* # process body variable
* in HTTPFetcher::NotFound
* # handle not found case
* end
*/
static VALUE
rb_data_s_def(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
VALUE rest;
long i;
VALUE data_class;
rest = rb_ident_hash_new();
RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(rest);
for (i=0; i<argc; i++) {
VALUE mem = rb_to_symbol(argv[i]);
if (rb_is_attrset_sym(mem)) {
rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid data member: %"PRIsVALUE, mem);
}
if (RTEST(rb_hash_has_key(rest, mem))) {
rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "duplicate member: %"PRIsVALUE, mem);
}
rb_hash_aset(rest, mem, Qtrue);
}
rest = rb_hash_keys(rest);
RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(rest);
OBJ_FREEZE_RAW(rest);
data_class = anonymous_struct(klass);
setup_data(data_class, rest);
if (rb_block_given_p()) {
rb_mod_module_eval(0, 0, data_class);
}
return data_class;
}
/*
* call-seq:
* DataClass::members -> array_of_symbols
*
* Returns an array of member names of the data class:
*
* Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
* Measure.members # => [:amount, :unit]
*
*/
#define rb_data_s_members_m rb_struct_s_members_m
/*
* call-seq:
* new(*args) -> instance
* new(**kwargs) -> instance
* ::[](*args) -> instance
* ::[](**kwargs) -> instance
*
* Constructors for classes defined with ::define accept both positional and
* keyword arguments.
*
* Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
*
* Measure.new(1, 'km')
* #=> #<data Measure amount=1, unit="km">
* Measure.new(amount: 1, unit: 'km')
* #=> #<data Measure amount=1, unit="km">
*
* # Alternative shorter initialization with []
* Measure[1, 'km']
* #=> #<data Measure amount=1, unit="km">
* Measure[amount: 1, unit: 'km']
* #=> #<data Measure amount=1, unit="km">
*
* All arguments are mandatory (unlike Struct), and converted to keyword arguments:
*
* Measure.new(amount: 1)
* # in `initialize': missing keyword: :unit (ArgumentError)
*
* Measure.new(1)
* # in `initialize': missing keyword: :unit (ArgumentError)
*
* Note that <tt>Measure#initialize</tt> always receives keyword arguments, and that
* mandatory arguments are checked in +initialize+, not in +new+. This can be
* important for redefining initialize in order to convert arguments or provide
* defaults:
*
* Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit) do
* NONE = Data.define
*
* def initialize(amount:, unit: NONE.new)
* super(amount: Float(amount), unit:)
* end
* end
*
* Measure.new('10', 'km') # => #<data Measure amount=10.0, unit="km">
* Measure.new(10_000) # => #<data Measure amount=10000.0, unit=#<data NONE>>
*
*/
static VALUE
rb_data_initialize_m(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
VALUE klass = rb_obj_class(self);
rb_struct_modify(self);
VALUE members = struct_ivar_get(klass, id_members);
size_t num_members = RARRAY_LEN(members);
if (argc == 0) {
if (num_members > 0) {
rb_exc_raise(rb_keyword_error_new("missing", members));
}
return Qnil;
}
if (argc > 1 || !RB_TYPE_P(argv[0], T_HASH)) {
rb_error_arity(argc, 0, 0);
}
if (RHASH_SIZE(argv[0]) < num_members) {
VALUE missing = rb_ary_diff(members, rb_hash_keys(argv[0]));
rb_exc_raise(rb_keyword_error_new("missing", missing));
}
struct struct_hash_set_arg arg;
rb_mem_clear((VALUE *)RSTRUCT_CONST_PTR(self), num_members);
arg.self = self;
arg.unknown_keywords = Qnil;
rb_hash_foreach(argv[0], struct_hash_set_i, (VALUE)&arg);
// Freeze early before potentially raising, so that we don't leave an
// unfrozen copy on the heap, which could get exposed via ObjectSpace.
OBJ_FREEZE_RAW(self);
if (arg.unknown_keywords != Qnil) {
rb_exc_raise(rb_keyword_error_new("unknown", arg.unknown_keywords));
}
return Qnil;
}
/* :nodoc: */
static VALUE
rb_data_init_copy(VALUE copy, VALUE s)
{
copy = rb_struct_init_copy(copy, s);
RB_OBJ_FREEZE_RAW(copy);
return copy;
}
/*
* call-seq:
* with(**kwargs) -> instance
*
* Returns a shallow copy of +self+ --- the instance variables of
* +self+ are copied, but not the objects they reference.
*
* If the method is supplied any keyword arguments, the copy will
* be created with the respective field values updated to use the
* supplied keyword argument values. Note that it is an error to
* supply a keyword that the Data class does not have as a member.
*
* Point = Data.define(:x, :y)
*
* origin = Point.new(x: 0, y: 0)
*
* up = origin.with(x: 1)
* right = origin.with(y: 1)
* up_and_right = up.with(y: 1)
*
* p origin # #<data Point x=0, y=0>
* p up # #<data Point x=1, y=0>
* p right # #<data Point x=0, y=1>
* p up_and_right # #<data Point x=1, y=1>
*
* out = origin.with(z: 1) # ArgumentError: unknown keyword: :z
* some_point = origin.with(1, 2) # ArgumentError: expected keyword arguments, got positional arguments
*
*/
static VALUE
rb_data_with(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
VALUE kwargs;
rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "0:", &kwargs);
if (NIL_P(kwargs)) {
return self;
}
VALUE h = rb_struct_to_h(self);
rb_hash_update_by(h, kwargs, 0);
return rb_class_new_instance_kw(1, &h, rb_obj_class(self), TRUE);
}
/*
* call-seq:
* inspect -> string
* to_s -> string
*
* Returns a string representation of +self+:
*
* Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
*
* distance = Measure[10, 'km']
*
* p distance # uses #inspect underneath
* #<data Measure amount=10, unit="km">
*
* puts distance # uses #to_s underneath, same representation
* #<data Measure amount=10, unit="km">
*
*/
static VALUE
rb_data_inspect(VALUE s)
{
return rb_exec_recursive(inspect_struct, s, rb_str_new2("#<data "));
}
/*
* call-seq:
* self == other -> true or false
*
* Returns +true+ if +other+ is the same class as +self+, and all members are
* equal.
*
* Examples:
*
* Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
*
* Measure[1, 'km'] == Measure[1, 'km'] #=> true
* Measure[1, 'km'] == Measure[2, 'km'] #=> false
* Measure[1, 'km'] == Measure[1, 'm'] #=> false
*
* Measurement = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
* # Even though Measurement and Measure have the same "shape"
* # their instances are never equal
* Measure[1, 'km'] == Measurement[1, 'km'] #=> false
*/
#define rb_data_equal rb_struct_equal
/*
* call-seq:
* self.eql?(other) -> true or false
*
* Equality check that is used when two items of data are keys of a Hash.
*
* The subtle difference with #== is that members are also compared with their
* #eql? method, which might be important in some cases:
*
* Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
*
* Measure[1, 'km'] == Measure[1.0, 'km'] #=> true, they are equal as values
* # ...but...
* Measure[1, 'km'].eql? Measure[1.0, 'km'] #=> false, they represent different hash keys
*
* See also Object#eql? for further explanations of the method usage.
*/
#define rb_data_eql rb_struct_eql
/*
* call-seq:
* hash -> integer
*
* Redefines Object#hash (used to distinguish objects as Hash keys) so that
* data objects of the same class with same content would have the same +hash+
* value, and represented the same Hash key.
*
* Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
*
* Measure[1, 'km'].hash == Measure[1, 'km'].hash #=> true
* Measure[1, 'km'].hash == Measure[10, 'km'].hash #=> false
* Measure[1, 'km'].hash == Measure[1, 'm'].hash #=> false
* Measure[1, 'km'].hash == Measure[1.0, 'km'].hash #=> false
*
* # Structurally similar data class, but shouldn't be considered
* # the same hash key
* Measurement = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
*
* Measure[1, 'km'].hash == Measurement[1, 'km'].hash #=> false
*/
#define rb_data_hash rb_struct_hash
/*
* call-seq:
* to_h -> hash
* to_h {|name, value| ... } -> hash
*
* Returns Hash representation of the data object.
*
* Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
* distance = Measure[10, 'km']
*
* distance.to_h
* #=> {:amount=>10, :unit=>"km"}
*
* Like Enumerable#to_h, if the block is provided, it is expected to
* produce key-value pairs to construct a hash:
*
*
* distance.to_h { |name, val| [name.to_s, val.to_s] }
* #=> {"amount"=>"10", "unit"=>"km"}
*
* Note that there is a useful symmetry between #to_h and #initialize:
*
* distance2 = Measure.new(**distance.to_h)
* #=> #<data Measure amount=10, unit="km">
* distance2 == distance
* #=> true
*/
#define rb_data_to_h rb_struct_to_h
/*
* call-seq:
* members -> array_of_symbols
*
* Returns the member names from +self+ as an array:
*
* Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
* distance = Measure[10, 'km']
*
* distance.members #=> [:amount, :unit]
*
*/
#define rb_data_members_m rb_struct_members_m
/*
* call-seq:
* deconstruct -> array
*
* Returns the values in +self+ as an array, to use in pattern matching:
*
* Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
*
* distance = Measure[10, 'km']
* distance.deconstruct #=> [10, "km"]
*
* # usage
* case distance
* in n, 'km' # calls #deconstruct underneath
* puts "It is #{n} kilometers away"
* else
* puts "Don't know how to handle it"
* end
* # prints "It is 10 kilometers away"
*
* Or, with checking the class, too:
*
* case distance
* in Measure(n, 'km')
* puts "It is #{n} kilometers away"
* # ...
* end
*/
#define rb_data_deconstruct rb_struct_to_a
/*
* call-seq:
* deconstruct_keys(array_of_names_or_nil) -> hash
*
* Returns a hash of the name/value pairs, to use in pattern matching.
*
* Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
*
* distance = Measure[10, 'km']
* distance.deconstruct_keys(nil) #=> {:amount=>10, :unit=>"km"}
* distance.deconstruct_keys([:amount]) #=> {:amount=>10}
*
* # usage
* case distance
* in amount:, unit: 'km' # calls #deconstruct_keys underneath
* puts "It is #{amount} kilometers away"
* else
* puts "Don't know how to handle it"
* end
* # prints "It is 10 kilometers away"
*
* Or, with checking the class, too:
*
* case distance
* in Measure(amount:, unit: 'km')
* puts "It is #{amount} kilometers away"
* # ...
* end
*/
#define rb_data_deconstruct_keys rb_struct_deconstruct_keys
/*
* Document-class: Struct
*
* \Class \Struct provides a convenient way to create a simple class
* that can store and fetch values.
*
* This example creates a subclass of +Struct+, <tt>Struct::Customer</tt>;
* the first argument, a string, is the name of the subclass;
* the other arguments, symbols, determine the _members_ of the new subclass.
*
* Customer = Struct.new('Customer', :name, :address, :zip)
* Customer.name # => "Struct::Customer"
* Customer.class # => Class
* Customer.superclass # => Struct
*
* Corresponding to each member are two methods, a writer and a reader,
* that store and fetch values:
*
* methods = Customer.instance_methods false
* methods # => [:zip, :address=, :zip=, :address, :name, :name=]
*
* An instance of the subclass may be created,
* and its members assigned values, via method <tt>::new</tt>:
*
* joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345)
* joe # => #<struct Struct::Customer name="Joe Smith", address="123 Maple, Anytown NC", zip=12345>
*
* The member values may be managed thus:
*
* joe.name # => "Joe Smith"
* joe.name = 'Joseph Smith'
* joe.name # => "Joseph Smith"
*
* And thus; note that member name may be expressed as either a string or a symbol:
*
* joe[:name] # => "Joseph Smith"
* joe[:name] = 'Joseph Smith, Jr.'
* joe['name'] # => "Joseph Smith, Jr."
*
* See Struct::new.
*
* == What's Here
*
* First, what's elsewhere. \Class \Struct:
*
* - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@What-27s+Here].
* - Includes {module Enumerable}[rdoc-ref:Enumerable@What-27s+Here],
* which provides dozens of additional methods.
*
* See also Data, which is a somewhat similar, but stricter concept for defining immutable
* value objects.
*
* Here, class \Struct provides methods that are useful for:
*
* - {Creating a Struct Subclass}[rdoc-ref:Struct@Methods+for+Creating+a+Struct+Subclass]
* - {Querying}[rdoc-ref:Struct@Methods+for+Querying]
* - {Comparing}[rdoc-ref:Struct@Methods+for+Comparing]
* - {Fetching}[rdoc-ref:Struct@Methods+for+Fetching]
* - {Assigning}[rdoc-ref:Struct@Methods+for+Assigning]
* - {Iterating}[rdoc-ref:Struct@Methods+for+Iterating]
* - {Converting}[rdoc-ref:Struct@Methods+for+Converting]
*
* === Methods for Creating a Struct Subclass
*
* - ::new: Returns a new subclass of \Struct.
*
* === Methods for Querying
*
* - #hash: Returns the integer hash code.
* - #length, #size: Returns the number of members.
*
* === Methods for Comparing
*
* - #==: Returns whether a given object is equal to +self+, using <tt>==</tt>
* to compare member values.
* - #eql?: Returns whether a given object is equal to +self+,
* using <tt>eql?</tt> to compare member values.
*
* === Methods for Fetching
*
* - #[]: Returns the value associated with a given member name.
* - #to_a, #values, #deconstruct: Returns the member values in +self+ as an array.
* - #deconstruct_keys: Returns a hash of the name/value pairs
* for given member names.
* - #dig: Returns the object in nested objects that is specified
* by a given member name and additional arguments.
* - #members: Returns an array of the member names.
* - #select, #filter: Returns an array of member values from +self+,
* as selected by the given block.
* - #values_at: Returns an array containing values for given member names.
*
* === Methods for Assigning
*
* - #[]=: Assigns a given value to a given member name.
*
* === Methods for Iterating
*
* - #each: Calls a given block with each member name.
* - #each_pair: Calls a given block with each member name/value pair.
*
* === Methods for Converting
*
* - #inspect, #to_s: Returns a string representation of +self+.
* - #to_h: Returns a hash of the member name/value pairs in +self+.
*
*/
void
InitVM_Struct(void)
{
rb_cStruct = rb_define_class("Struct", rb_cObject);
rb_include_module(rb_cStruct, rb_mEnumerable);
rb_undef_alloc_func(rb_cStruct);
rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cStruct, "new", rb_struct_s_def, -1);
#if 0 /* for RDoc */
rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cStruct, "keyword_init?", rb_struct_s_keyword_init_p, 0);
rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cStruct, "members", rb_struct_s_members_m, 0);
#endif
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "initialize", rb_struct_initialize_m, -1);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "initialize_copy", rb_struct_init_copy, 1);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "==", rb_struct_equal, 1);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "eql?", rb_struct_eql, 1);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "hash", rb_struct_hash, 0);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "inspect", rb_struct_inspect, 0);
rb_define_alias(rb_cStruct, "to_s", "inspect");
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "to_a", rb_struct_to_a, 0);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "to_h", rb_struct_to_h, 0);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "values", rb_struct_to_a, 0);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "size", rb_struct_size, 0);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "length", rb_struct_size, 0);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "each", rb_struct_each, 0);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "each_pair", rb_struct_each_pair, 0);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "[]", rb_struct_aref, 1);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "[]=", rb_struct_aset, 2);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "select", rb_struct_select, -1);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "filter", rb_struct_select, -1);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "values_at", rb_struct_values_at, -1);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "members", rb_struct_members_m, 0);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "dig", rb_struct_dig, -1);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "deconstruct", rb_struct_to_a, 0);
rb_define_method(rb_cStruct, "deconstruct_keys", rb_struct_deconstruct_keys, 1);
rb_cData = rb_define_class("Data", rb_cObject);
rb_undef_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cData), "new");
rb_undef_alloc_func(rb_cData);
rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cData, "define", rb_data_s_def, -1);
#if 0 /* for RDoc */
rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cData, "members", rb_data_s_members_m, 0);
#endif
rb_define_method(rb_cData, "initialize", rb_data_initialize_m, -1);
rb_define_method(rb_cData, "initialize_copy", rb_data_init_copy, 1);
rb_define_method(rb_cData, "==", rb_data_equal, 1);
rb_define_method(rb_cData, "eql?", rb_data_eql, 1);
rb_define_method(rb_cData, "hash", rb_data_hash, 0);
rb_define_method(rb_cData, "inspect", rb_data_inspect, 0);
rb_define_alias(rb_cData, "to_s", "inspect");
rb_define_method(rb_cData, "to_h", rb_data_to_h, 0);
rb_define_method(rb_cData, "members", rb_data_members_m, 0);
rb_define_method(rb_cData, "deconstruct", rb_data_deconstruct, 0);
rb_define_method(rb_cData, "deconstruct_keys", rb_data_deconstruct_keys, 1);
rb_define_method(rb_cData, "with", rb_data_with, -1);
}
#undef rb_intern
void
Init_Struct(void)
{
id_members = rb_intern("__members__");
id_back_members = rb_intern("__members_back__");
id_keyword_init = rb_intern("__keyword_init__");
InitVM(Struct);
}
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