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430 строки
16 KiB
Groff
430 строки
16 KiB
Groff
# -*- rdoc -*-
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= NEWS for Ruby 1.9.1
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This document is a list of user visible feature changes made between
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releases except for bug fixes.
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Note that each entry is kept so brief that no reason behind or
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reference information is supplied with. For a full list of changes
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with all sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file.
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== Changes since the 1.8.7 release
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See doc/NEWS-1.8.7 for changes between 1.8.6 and 1.8.7.
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=== Compatibility issues
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* language core
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* New syntax and semantics
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o Block arguments are always local
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o New semantics for block arguments
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o defined? and local variables
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o Parser expects that your source code has only valid byte
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sequence in some character encoding. Use magic comments
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to tell the parser which encoding you use.
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o New semantics for constant definition in instance_eval
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or in module_eval.
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* Deprecated syntax
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o colon (:) instead of "then" in if/unless or case expression.
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o retry in a loop or an iterator.
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* builtin classes and objects
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* Kernel and Object
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o Kernel#methods and #singleton_methods used to return an
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array of strings but now they return an array of symbols.
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* Class and Module
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o Module#attr works as Module#attr_reader by default.
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Optional boolean argument is obsolete.
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o Module#instance_methods, #private_instance_methods and
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#public_instance_methods used to return an array of
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strings but now they return an array of symbols.
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o Extra subclassing check when binding UnboundMethods
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* Exceptions
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o Exceptions are equal to each other if they belong to
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the same class and have the same message and backtrace.
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o SystemStackError used to be a subclass of StandardError
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but not it is a direct subclass of Exception.
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o SecurityError: ditto
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o Removed Exception#to_str [Ruby2]
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* Enumerable and Enumerator
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o Enumerable::Enumerator, compatibility alias of Enumerator,
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is removed.
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o Enumerable#{map,collect} called without a block returns
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an enumerator.
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o Even more builtin and bundled libraries have been made to
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return an enumerator when called without a block.
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* Array
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o Array#nitems was removed (use count {|i| !i.nil?})
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o Array#choice was removed (use sample)
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o Array#[m,n] = nil places nil in the array.
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* Hash
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o Hash#to_s is equivalent to Hash#inspect
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o Semantics for Hash#each and Hash#each_pair
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o Hash#select returns a hash
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o Hash#key is the new name for #index which has been
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deprecated.
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o Hash preserves order. It enumerates its elements in the
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order in which the keys are inserted.
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o Most of the changes in Hash apply to hash like interfaces
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such as ENV and *DBM.
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* IO operations
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o Many methods used to act byte-wise but now some of those act
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character-wise. You can use alternate byte-wise methods.
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o IO#getc
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o Non-blocking IO
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o Kernel#open takes "t" for newline conversion
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o Kernel#open takes encoding specified
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o IO automatically converts byte sequence from a character
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encodings into another if specified.
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o StringIO#readpartial
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o IO.try_convert
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o IO.binread
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o IO.copy_stream
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o IO#binmode?
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o IO#close_on_exec= and IO#close_on_exec?
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o Limit input in IO#gets, IO#readline, IO#readlines,
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IO#each_line, IO#lines, IO.foreach, IO.readlines,
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StringIO#gets, StringIO#readline, StringIO#each,
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StringIO#readlines
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o IO#ungetc, StringIO#ungetc
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o IO#ungetbyte, StringIO#ungetbyte
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o IO#internal_encoding, IO#external_encoding,
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IO#set_encoding
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o IO.pipe takes encoding option
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o Directive %u behaves like %d for negative values in
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printf-style formatting.
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* File and Dir operations
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o #to_path is called as necessary in File.path, File.chmod,
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File.lchmod, File.chown, File.lchown, File.utime,
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File.unlink, etc..
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o File.world_readable?
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o File.world_writable?
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o Dir.[], Dir.glob
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o Dir.exist?
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o Dir.exists?
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* File::Stat
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o File::Stat#world_readable?
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o File::Stat#world_writable?
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* String
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o No longer an Enumerable: use each_line/lines for line
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oriented operation
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o Encoding-awareness
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o Character-wise semantics in many methods instead of
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byte-wise.
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o String#[]: Indexing a String with an integer returns a
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single character String instead of an integer.
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o String#[]=: No longer takes an integer as right
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side value. Note that "str[i] = ?c" because of
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the following change.
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o ?c is evaluated to a single character string
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instead of an integer.
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* Regexp
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o Encoding-awareness
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o Regexp matches only with strings which is encoded in a
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compatible character encoding to the regexp's.
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o Regexp#kcode is removed. use Regexp#encoding.
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* Symbols: restriction on literal symbols
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* Numeric
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o Numeric#div always rounds as Integer#div has done.
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o Numeric#fdiv: ditto.
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* Integer
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o Integer(nil) raises TypeError
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* Fixnum
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o Fixnum#id2name removed
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o Fixnum#to_sym removed
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* Struct
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o Struct#inspect
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* Time
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o New format in Time#to_s
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o Timezone information preserved on Marshal.dump/load
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* $SAFE and bound methods
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o New trusted/untrusted model in addition to
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tainted/untainted model.
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* Deprecation
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o $= (global flag for case-sensitiveness on string matching)
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o Kernel#to_a
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o Kernel#getc, #gsub, #sub
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o Kernel#callcc and Continuation now become 'continuation'
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bundled library.
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o Object#type
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o Removed Array and Hash #indices, #indexes
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o Hash#index
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o ENV.index
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o Process::Status#to_int
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o Numeric#rdiv
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o Precision is removed. Don't cry, it will be redesigned
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and come back in future version.
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o Symbol#to_int and Symbol#to_i
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o $KCODE is no longer effective. Use Encoding related
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features of each class.
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o VERSION and friends
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* bundled libraries
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* Pathname
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o No longer has #to_str nor #=~.
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* time and date
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o Time.parse and Date.parse interprets slashed numerical dates
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as "dd/mm/yyyy".
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* Readline
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o If Readline uses libedit, Readline::HISTORY[0] returns the
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first of the history.
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* Continuation
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o as above
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* Deprecation
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o Complex#image: use Complex#imag
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o All SSL-related class methods in Net::SMTP
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o Prime#cache, Prime#primes, Prime#primes_so_far
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o mailread library: use tmail gem.
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o cgi-lib library: use cgi.
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o date2 library: use date.
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o eregex library
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o finalize library: use ObjectSpace.define_finalizer if you
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really need a finalizer. really?
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o ftools library: use fileutils.
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o generator library: use Enumerator.
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o importenv library and Env library
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o jcode library: use multilingualization support of String
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o parsedate library
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o ping library
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o readbytes library
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o getopts library and parsearg library: use optparse or
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getoptlong.
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o soap, wsdl and xsd libraries: use soap4r gem.
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o Win32API library: use dl.
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o dl library: Reimplemented and API changed. use the new
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version of dl or ffi gem.
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o rubyunit library and runit library: use minitest or
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test/unit. Or use anything you love through RubyGems.
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o test/unit is reimplemented on top of minitest. This is
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not fully compatible with the original.
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=== Language core changes
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* New syntax and semantics
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o Magic comments to declare in which encoding your source
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code is written
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o New literal hash syntax and new syntax for hash style
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arguments
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o New syntax for lambdas
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o .() and calling Procs without #call/#[]
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o Block in block arguments
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o Block local variables
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o Mandatory arguments after optional arguments allowed
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o Multiple splats allowed
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o #[] can take splatted arguments, hash style arguments
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and a block.
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o New directives in printf-style formatted strings (%).
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o Newlines allowed before ternary colon operator (:) and
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method call dot operator (.)
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o Negative operators such as !, != and !~ are now
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overloadable
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o Encoding.default_external and default_internal
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o __ENCODING__: New pseudo variable to hold the current
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script's encoding
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=== Library updates
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* builtin classes and objects
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* Kernel and Object
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o BasicObject
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o Object#=~ returns nil instead of false by default.
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o Kernel#define_singleton_method
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o Kernel#load can load a library from the highest versions
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of gems by default.
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* Class and Module
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o Module#const_defined?, #const_get and #method_defined?
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take an optional parameter.
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o #class_variable_{set,get} are public.
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o Class of singleton classes
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* Errno::EXXX
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o All of those are always defined. Errno::EXXX will be
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defined as an alias to Errno::NOERROR if your platform
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does not have one.
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* Binding#eval
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* Blocks and Procs
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o Arity of blocks without arguments
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o proc is now a synonym of Proc.new
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o Proc#yield
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o Passing blocks to #[]
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o Proc#lambda?
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o Proc#curry
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* Fiber: coroutines/micro-threads
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* Thread
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o Thread.critical and Thread.critical= removed
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o Thread#exit!, Thread#kill! and Thread#terminate! removed.
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* Enumerable and Enumerator
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o Enumerator#enum_cons and Enumerator#enum_slice are
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removed. Use #each_cons and #each_slice without a block.
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o Enumerable#each_with_index can take optional arguments
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and passes them to #each.
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o Enumerable#each_with_object
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o Enumerator#with_object
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o Enumerator.new { ... }
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* Array
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o Array#delete returns a deleted element rather than a given
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object
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o Array#to_s is equivalent to Array#inspect
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o Array.try_convert
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o Array#pack('m0') complies with RFC 4648.
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* Hash
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o preserving item insertion order
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o Hash#default_proc=
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o Hash#_compare_by_identity and Hash#compare_by_identity?
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o Hash.try_convert
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o Hash#assoc
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o Hash#rassoc
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o Hash#flatten
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* Range
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o Range#cover?
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o Range#include? iterates over elements and compares the
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given value with each element unless the range is numeric.
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Use Range#cover? for the old behavior, i.e. comparison
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with boundary values.
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o Range#min, Range#max
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* File and Dir operations
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o New methods
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* Process
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o Process.spawn
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o Process.daemon
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* String
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o String#clear
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o String#ord
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o String#getbyte, String#setbyte
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o String#chars and String#each_char act as character-wise.
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o String#codepoints, String#each_codepoint
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o String#unpack with a block
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o String#hash
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o String.try_convert
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o String#encoding
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o String#force_encoding, String#encode and String#encode!
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o String#ascii_only?
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o String#valid_encoding?
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o String#match
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* Symbol
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o Zero-length symbols allowed
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o Symbol#intern
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o Symbol#encoding
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o Symbol methods similar to those in String
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* Regexp
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o Regexp#=== matches symbols
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o Regexp.try_convert
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o Regexp#match
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o Regexp#fixed_encoding?
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o Regexp#encoding
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o Regexp#named_captures
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o Regexp#names
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* MatchData
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o MatchData#names
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o MatchData#regexp
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* Encoding
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* Encoding::Converter
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o supports conversion between many encodings
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* Numeric
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o Numeric#upto, #downto, #times, #step
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o Numeric#real?, Complex#real?
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o Numeric#magnitude
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o Numeric#round
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* Float
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o Float#round
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* Integer
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o Integer#round
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* Rational / Complex
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o They are in the core library now
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* Math
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o Math#log takes an optional argument.
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o Math#log2
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o Math#cbrt, Math#lgamma, Math#gamma
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* Time
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o Time.times removed. Use Process.times.
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o Time#sunday?
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o Time#monday?
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o Time#tuesday?
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o Time#wednesday?
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o Time#thursday?
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o Time#friday?
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o Time#saturday?
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o Time#tv_nsec and Time#nsec
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* Misc. new methods
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o RUBY_ENGINE to distinguish between Ruby processor implementation
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o public_method
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o public_send
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o GC.count
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o ObjectSpace.count_objects
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o Method#hash, Proc#hash
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o Method#source_location, UnboundMethod#source_location and
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Proc#source_location
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o __callee__
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o Elements in $LOAD_PATH and $LOADED_FEATURES are expanded
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* bundled libraries
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* RubyGems
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o Package management system for Ruby.
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o Integrated with Ruby's library loader.
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* Rake
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o Ruby make. A simple ruby build program with capabilities
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similar to make.
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* minitest
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o Our new testing library which is faster, cleaner and easier
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to read than the old test/unit.
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o You can introduce the old test/unit as testunit gem through
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RubyGems if you want.
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* CMath
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o Complex number version of Math
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* Prime
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o Extracted from Mathn and improved. You can easily enumerate
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prime numbers.
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o Prime.new is obsolete. Use its class methods.
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* ripper
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o Ruby script parser
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* Readline
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o Readline.vi_editing_mode?
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o Readline.emacs_editing_mode?
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o Readline::HISTORY.clear
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* Tk
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o TkXXX widget classes are removed and redefined as aliases of
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Tk::XXX classes.
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* RDoc
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o Updated to version 2.2.2. See:
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http://rubyforge.org/frs/shownotes.php?group_id=627&release_id=26434
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* json
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o JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) encoder/decoder
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* commandline options
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* -E, --encoding
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* -U
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* --enable-gems, --disable-gems
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* --enable-rubyopt, --disable-rubyopt
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* long options are allowed in RUBYOPT environment variable.
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=== Implementation changes
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* Memory Diet
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* Object Compaction - Object, Array, String, Hash, Struct, Class,
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Module
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* st_table compaction (inlining small tables)
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* YARV
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* Ruby codes are compiled into opcodes before executed.
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* Native thread
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* Platform supports
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* Support levels
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(0) Supported
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(1) Best effort
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(2) Perhaps
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(3) Not supported
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* Dropped
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o No longer supports djgpp, bcc32, human68k, MacOS 9 or earlier,
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VMS nor Windows CE.
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