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391 строка
13 KiB
Plaintext
391 строка
13 KiB
Plaintext
BUNDLE-UPDATE(1) BUNDLE-UPDATE(1)
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NAME
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bundle-update - Update your gems to the latest available versions
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SYNOPSIS
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bundle update *gems [--all] [--group=NAME] [--source=NAME] [--local]
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[--ruby] [--bundler[=VERSION]] [--full-index] [--jobs=JOBS] [--quiet]
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[--patch|--minor|--major] [--redownload] [--strict] [--conservative]
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DESCRIPTION
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Update the gems specified (all gems, if --all flag is used), ignoring
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the previously installed gems specified in the Gemfile.lock. In gen-
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eral, you should use bundle install(1) bundle-install.1.html to install
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the same exact gems and versions across machines.
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You would use bundle update to explicitly update the version of a gem.
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OPTIONS
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--all Update all gems specified in Gemfile.
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--group=<name>, -g=[<name>]
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Only update the gems in the specified group. For instance, you
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can update all gems in the development group with bundle update
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--group development. You can also call bundle update rails
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--group test to update the rails gem and all gems in the test
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group, for example.
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--source=<name>
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The name of a :git or :path source used in the Gemfile(5). For
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instance, with a :git source of
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http://github.com/rails/rails.git, you would call bundle update
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--source rails
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--local
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Do not attempt to fetch gems remotely and use the gem cache
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instead.
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--ruby Update the locked version of Ruby to the current version of
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Ruby.
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--bundler
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Update the locked version of bundler to the invoked bundler ver-
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sion.
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--full-index
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Fall back to using the single-file index of all gems.
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--jobs=[<number>], -j[<number>]
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Specify the number of jobs to run in parallel. The default is 1.
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--retry=[<number>]
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Retry failed network or git requests for number times.
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--quiet
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Only output warnings and errors.
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--redownload
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Force downloading every gem.
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--patch
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Prefer updating only to next patch version.
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--minor
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Prefer updating only to next minor version.
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--major
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Prefer updating to next major version (default).
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--strict
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Do not allow any gem to be updated past latest --patch | --minor
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| --major.
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--conservative
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Use bundle install conservative update behavior and do not allow
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shared dependencies to be updated.
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UPDATING ALL GEMS
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If you run bundle update --all, bundler will ignore any previously
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installed gems and resolve all dependencies again based on the latest
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versions of all gems available in the sources.
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Consider the following Gemfile(5):
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source "https://rubygems.org"
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gem "rails", "3.0.0.rc"
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gem "nokogiri"
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When you run bundle install(1) bundle-install.1.html the first time,
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bundler will resolve all of the dependencies, all the way down, and
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install what you need:
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Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
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Resolving dependencies...
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Installing builder 2.1.2
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Installing abstract 1.0.0
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Installing rack 1.2.8
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Using bundler 1.7.6
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Installing rake 10.4.0
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Installing polyglot 0.3.5
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Installing mime-types 1.25.1
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Installing i18n 0.4.2
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Installing mini_portile 0.6.1
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Installing tzinfo 0.3.42
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Installing rack-mount 0.6.14
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Installing rack-test 0.5.7
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Installing treetop 1.4.15
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Installing thor 0.14.6
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Installing activesupport 3.0.0.rc
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Installing erubis 2.6.6
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Installing activemodel 3.0.0.rc
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Installing arel 0.4.0
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Installing mail 2.2.20
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Installing activeresource 3.0.0.rc
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Installing actionpack 3.0.0.rc
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Installing activerecord 3.0.0.rc
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Installing actionmailer 3.0.0.rc
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Installing railties 3.0.0.rc
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Installing rails 3.0.0.rc
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Installing nokogiri 1.6.5
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Bundle complete! 2 Gemfile dependencies, 26 gems total.
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Use `bundle show [gemname]` to see where a bundled gem is installed.
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As you can see, even though you have two gems in the Gemfile(5), your
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application needs 26 different gems in order to run. Bundler remembers
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the exact versions it installed in Gemfile.lock. The next time you run
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bundle install(1) bundle-install.1.html, bundler skips the dependency
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resolution and installs the same gems as it installed last time.
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After checking in the Gemfile.lock into version control and cloning it
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on another machine, running bundle install(1) bundle-install.1.html
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will still install the gems that you installed last time. You don't
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need to worry that a new release of erubis or mail changes the gems you
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use.
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However, from time to time, you might want to update the gems you are
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using to the newest versions that still match the gems in your Gem-
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file(5).
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To do this, run bundle update --all, which will ignore the Gem-
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file.lock, and resolve all the dependencies again. Keep in mind that
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this process can result in a significantly different set of the 25
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gems, based on the requirements of new gems that the gem authors
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released since the last time you ran bundle update --all.
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UPDATING A LIST OF GEMS
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Sometimes, you want to update a single gem in the Gemfile(5), and leave
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the rest of the gems that you specified locked to the versions in the
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Gemfile.lock.
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For instance, in the scenario above, imagine that nokogiri releases
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version 1.4.4, and you want to update it without updating Rails and all
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of its dependencies. To do this, run bundle update nokogiri.
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Bundler will update nokogiri and any of its dependencies, but leave
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alone Rails and its dependencies.
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OVERLAPPING DEPENDENCIES
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Sometimes, multiple gems declared in your Gemfile(5) are satisfied by
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the same second-level dependency. For instance, consider the case of
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thin and rack-perftools-profiler.
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source "https://rubygems.org"
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gem "thin"
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gem "rack-perftools-profiler"
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The thin gem depends on rack >= 1.0, while rack-perftools-profiler
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depends on rack ~> 1.0. If you run bundle install, you get:
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Fetching source index for https://rubygems.org/
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Installing daemons (1.1.0)
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Installing eventmachine (0.12.10) with native extensions
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Installing open4 (1.0.1)
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Installing perftools.rb (0.4.7) with native extensions
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Installing rack (1.2.1)
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Installing rack-perftools_profiler (0.0.2)
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Installing thin (1.2.7) with native extensions
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Using bundler (1.0.0.rc.3)
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In this case, the two gems have their own set of dependencies, but they
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share rack in common. If you run bundle update thin, bundler will
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update daemons, eventmachine and rack, which are dependencies of thin,
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but not open4 or perftools.rb, which are dependencies of
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rack-perftools_profiler. Note that bundle update thin will update rack
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even though it's also a dependency of rack-perftools_profiler.
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In short, by default, when you update a gem using bundle update,
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bundler will update all dependencies of that gem, including those that
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are also dependencies of another gem.
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To prevent updating shared dependencies, prior to version 1.14 the only
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option was the CONSERVATIVE UPDATING behavior in bundle install(1) bun-
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dle-install.1.html:
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In this scenario, updating the thin version manually in the Gemfile(5),
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and then running bundle install(1) bundle-install.1.html will only
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update daemons and eventmachine, but not rack. For more information,
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see the CONSERVATIVE UPDATING section of bundle install(1) bun-
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dle-install.1.html.
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Starting with 1.14, specifying the --conservative option will also pre-
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vent shared dependencies from being updated.
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PATCH LEVEL OPTIONS
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Version 1.14 introduced 4 patch-level options that will influence how
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gem versions are resolved. One of the following options can be used:
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--patch, --minor or --major. --strict can be added to further influence
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resolution.
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--patch
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Prefer updating only to next patch version.
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--minor
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Prefer updating only to next minor version.
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--major
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Prefer updating to next major version (default).
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--strict
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Do not allow any gem to be updated past latest --patch | --minor
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| --major.
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When Bundler is resolving what versions to use to satisfy declared
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requirements in the Gemfile or in parent gems, it looks up all avail-
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able versions, filters out any versions that don't satisfy the require-
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ment, and then, by default, sorts them from newest to oldest, consider-
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ing them in that order.
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Providing one of the patch level options (e.g. --patch) changes the
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sort order of the satisfying versions, causing Bundler to consider the
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latest --patch or --minor version available before other versions. Note
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that versions outside the stated patch level could still be resolved to
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if necessary to find a suitable dependency graph.
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For example, if gem 'foo' is locked at 1.0.2, with no gem requirement
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defined in the Gemfile, and versions 1.0.3, 1.0.4, 1.1.0, 1.1.1, 2.0.0
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all exist, the default order of preference by default (--major) will be
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"2.0.0, 1.1.1, 1.1.0, 1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2".
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If the --patch option is used, the order of preference will change to
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"1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2, 1.1.1, 1.1.0, 2.0.0".
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If the --minor option is used, the order of preference will change to
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"1.1.1, 1.1.0, 1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2, 2.0.0".
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Combining the --strict option with any of the patch level options will
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remove any versions beyond the scope of the patch level option, to
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ensure that no gem is updated that far.
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To continue the previous example, if both --patch and --strict options
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are used, the available versions for resolution would be "1.0.4, 1.0.3,
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1.0.2". If --minor and --strict are used, it would be "1.1.1, 1.1.0,
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1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2".
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Gem requirements as defined in the Gemfile will still be the first
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determining factor for what versions are available. If the gem require-
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ment for foo in the Gemfile is '~> 1.0', that will accomplish the same
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thing as providing the --minor and --strict options.
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PATCH LEVEL EXAMPLES
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Given the following gem specifications:
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foo 1.4.3, requires: ~> bar 2.0
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foo 1.4.4, requires: ~> bar 2.0
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foo 1.4.5, requires: ~> bar 2.1
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foo 1.5.0, requires: ~> bar 2.1
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foo 1.5.1, requires: ~> bar 3.0
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bar with versions 2.0.3, 2.0.4, 2.1.0, 2.1.1, 3.0.0
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Gemfile:
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gem 'foo'
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Gemfile.lock:
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foo (1.4.3)
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bar (~> 2.0)
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bar (2.0.3)
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Cases:
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# Command Line Result
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------------------------------------------------------------
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1 bundle update --patch 'foo 1.4.5', 'bar 2.1.1'
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2 bundle update --patch foo 'foo 1.4.5', 'bar 2.1.1'
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3 bundle update --minor 'foo 1.5.1', 'bar 3.0.0'
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4 bundle update --minor --strict 'foo 1.5.0', 'bar 2.1.1'
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5 bundle update --patch --strict 'foo 1.4.4', 'bar 2.0.4'
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In case 1, bar is upgraded to 2.1.1, a minor version increase, because
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the dependency from foo 1.4.5 required it.
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In case 2, only foo is requested to be unlocked, but bar is also
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allowed to move because it's not a declared dependency in the Gemfile.
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In case 3, bar goes up a whole major release, because a minor increase
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is preferred now for foo, and when it goes to 1.5.1, it requires 3.0.0
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of bar.
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In case 4, foo is preferred up to a minor version, but 1.5.1 won't work
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because the --strict flag removes bar 3.0.0 from consideration since
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it's a major increment.
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In case 5, both foo and bar have any minor or major increments removed
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from consideration because of the --strict flag, so the most they can
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move is up to 1.4.4 and 2.0.4.
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RECOMMENDED WORKFLOW
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In general, when working with an application managed with bundler, you
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should use the following workflow:
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o After you create your Gemfile(5) for the first time, run
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$ bundle install
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o Check the resulting Gemfile.lock into version control
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$ git add Gemfile.lock
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o When checking out this repository on another development machine,
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run
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$ bundle install
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o When checking out this repository on a deployment machine, run
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$ bundle install --deployment
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o After changing the Gemfile(5) to reflect a new or update depen-
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dency, run
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$ bundle install
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o Make sure to check the updated Gemfile.lock into version control
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$ git add Gemfile.lock
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o If bundle install(1) bundle-install.1.html reports a conflict, man-
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ually update the specific gems that you changed in the Gemfile(5)
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$ bundle update rails thin
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o If you want to update all the gems to the latest possible versions
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that still match the gems listed in the Gemfile(5), run
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$ bundle update --all
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April 2019 BUNDLE-UPDATE(1)
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