зеркало из https://github.com/github/ruby.git
654 строки
22 KiB
Plaintext
654 строки
22 KiB
Plaintext
GEMFILE(5) GEMFILE(5)
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1mNAME0m
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1mGemfile 22m- A format for describing gem dependencies for Ruby programs
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1mSYNOPSIS0m
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A 1mGemfile 22mdescribes the gem dependencies required to execute associated
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Ruby code.
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Place the 1mGemfile 22min the root of the directory containing the associ-
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ated code. For instance, in a Rails application, place the 1mGemfile 22min
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the same directory as the 1mRakefile22m.
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1mSYNTAX0m
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A 1mGemfile 22mis evaluated as Ruby code, in a context which makes available
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a number of methods used to describe the gem requirements.
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1mGLOBAL SOURCES0m
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At the top of the 1mGemfile22m, add a line for the 1mRubygems 22msource that con-
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tains the gems listed in the 1mGemfile22m.
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source "https://rubygems.org"
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It is possible, but not recommended as of Bundler 1.7, to add multiple
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global 1msource 22mlines. Each of these 1msource22ms 1mMUST 22mbe a valid Rubygems
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repository.
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Sources are checked for gems following the heuristics described in
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4mSOURCE24m 4mPRIORITY24m. If a gem is found in more than one global source,
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Bundler will print a warning after installing the gem indicating which
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source was used, and listing the other sources where the gem is avail-
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able. A specific source can be selected for gems that need to use a
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non-standard repository, suppressing this warning, by using the 1m:source0m
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option or a 1msource 22mblock.
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1mCREDENTIALS0m
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Some gem sources require a username and password. Use bundle config(1)
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4mbundle-config.1.html24m to set the username and password for any of the
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sources that need it. The command must be run once on each computer
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that will install the Gemfile, but this keeps the credentials from
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being stored in plain text in version control.
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bundle config gems.example.com user:password
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For some sources, like a company Gemfury account, it may be easier to
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include the credentials in the Gemfile as part of the source URL.
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source "https://user:password@gems.example.com"
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Credentials in the source URL will take precedence over credentials set
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using 1mconfig22m.
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1mRUBY0m
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If your application requires a specific Ruby version or engine, specify
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your requirements using the 1mruby 22mmethod, with the following arguments.
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All parameters are 1mOPTIONAL 22munless otherwise specified.
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1mVERSION (required)0m
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The version of Ruby that your application requires. If your application
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requires an alternate Ruby engine, such as JRuby, Rubinius or Truf-
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fleRuby, this should be the Ruby version that the engine is compatible
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with.
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ruby "1.9.3"
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1mENGINE0m
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Each application 4mmay24m specify a Ruby engine. If an engine is specified,
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an engine version 4mmust24m also be specified.
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What exactly is an Engine? - A Ruby engine is an implementation of the
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Ruby language.
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o For background: the reference or original implementation of the
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Ruby programming language is called Matz's Ruby Interpreter
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4mhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_MRI24m, or MRI for short. This is
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named after Ruby creator Yukihiro Matsumoto, also known as Matz.
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MRI is also known as CRuby, because it is written in C. MRI is the
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most widely used Ruby engine.
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o Other implementations 4mhttps://www.ruby-lang.org/en/about/24m of Ruby
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exist. Some of the more well-known implementations include Rubinius
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4mhttps://rubinius.com/24m, and JRuby 4mhttp://jruby.org/24m. Rubinius is an
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alternative implementation of Ruby written in Ruby. JRuby is an
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implementation of Ruby on the JVM, short for Java Virtual Machine.
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1mENGINE VERSION0m
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Each application 4mmay24m specify a Ruby engine version. If an engine ver-
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sion is specified, an engine 4mmust24m also be specified. If the engine is
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"ruby" the engine version specified 4mmust24m match the Ruby version.
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ruby "1.8.7", :engine => "jruby", :engine_version => "1.6.7"
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1mPATCHLEVEL0m
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Each application 4mmay24m specify a Ruby patchlevel.
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ruby "2.0.0", :patchlevel => "247"
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1mGEMS0m
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Specify gem requirements using the 1mgem 22mmethod, with the following argu-
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ments. All parameters are 1mOPTIONAL 22munless otherwise specified.
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1mNAME (required)0m
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For each gem requirement, list a single 4mgem24m line.
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gem "nokogiri"
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1mVERSION0m
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Each 4mgem24m 1mMAY 22mhave one or more version specifiers.
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gem "nokogiri", ">= 1.4.2"
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gem "RedCloth", ">= 4.1.0", "< 4.2.0"
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1mREQUIRE AS0m
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Each 4mgem24m 1mMAY 22mspecify files that should be used when autorequiring via
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1mBundler.require22m. You may pass an array with multiple files or 1mtrue 22mif
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file you want 1mrequired 22mhas same name as 4mgem24m or 1mfalse 22mto prevent any
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file from being autorequired.
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gem "redis", :require => ["redis/connection/hiredis", "redis"]
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gem "webmock", :require => false
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gem "debugger", :require => true
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The argument defaults to the name of the gem. For example, these are
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identical:
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gem "nokogiri"
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gem "nokogiri", :require => "nokogiri"
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gem "nokogiri", :require => true
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1mGROUPS0m
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Each 4mgem24m 1mMAY 22mspecify membership in one or more groups. Any 4mgem24m that
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does not specify membership in any group is placed in the 1mdefault0m
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group.
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gem "rspec", :group => :test
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gem "wirble", :groups => [:development, :test]
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The Bundler runtime allows its two main methods, 1mBundler.setup 22mand
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1mBundler.require22m, to limit their impact to particular groups.
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# setup adds gems to Ruby's load path
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Bundler.setup # defaults to all groups
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require "bundler/setup" # same as Bundler.setup
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Bundler.setup(:default) # only set up the _default_ group
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Bundler.setup(:test) # only set up the _test_ group (but `not` _default_)
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Bundler.setup(:default, :test) # set up the _default_ and _test_ groups, but no others
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# require requires all of the gems in the specified groups
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Bundler.require # defaults to the _default_ group
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Bundler.require(:default) # identical
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Bundler.require(:default, :test) # requires the _default_ and _test_ groups
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Bundler.require(:test) # requires the _test_ group
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The Bundler CLI allows you to specify a list of groups whose gems 1mbun-0m
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1mdle install 22mshould not install with the 1m--without 22moption. To specify
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multiple groups to ignore, specify a list of groups separated by spa-
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ces.
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bundle install --without test
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bundle install --without development test
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After running 1mbundle install --without test22m, bundler will remember that
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you excluded the test group in the last installation. The next time you
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run 1mbundle install22m, without any 1m--without option22m, bundler will recall
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it.
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Also, calling 1mBundler.setup 22mwith no parameters, or calling 1mrequire0m
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1m"bundler/setup" 22mwill setup all groups except for the ones you excluded
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via 1m--without 22m(since they are not available).
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Note that on 1mbundle install22m, bundler downloads and evaluates all gems,
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in order to create a single canonical list of all of the required gems
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and their dependencies. This means that you cannot list different ver-
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sions of the same gems in different groups. For more details, see
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Understanding Bundler 4mhttp://bundler.io/rationale.html24m.
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1mPLATFORMS0m
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If a gem should only be used in a particular platform or set of plat-
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forms, you can specify them. Platforms are essentially identical to
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groups, except that you do not need to use the 1m--without 22minstall-time
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flag to exclude groups of gems for other platforms.
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There are a number of 1mGemfile 22mplatforms:
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1mruby 22mC Ruby (MRI), Rubinius or TruffleRuby, but 1mNOT 22mWindows
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1mmri 22mSame as 4mruby24m, but only C Ruby (MRI)
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1mmingw 22mWindows 32 bit 'mingw32' platform (aka RubyInstaller)
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1mx64_mingw0m
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Windows 64 bit 'mingw32' platform (aka RubyInstaller x64)
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1mrbx 22mRubinius
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1mjruby 22mJRuby
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1mtruffleruby0m
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TruffleRuby
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1mmswin 22mWindows
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You can restrict further by platform and version for all platforms
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4mexcept24m for 1mrbx22m, 1mjruby22m, 1mtruffleruby 22mand 1mmswin22m.
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To specify a version in addition to a platform, append the version num-
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ber without the delimiter to the platform. For example, to specify that
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a gem should only be used on platforms with Ruby 2.3, use:
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ruby_23
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The full list of platforms and supported versions includes:
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1mruby 22m1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5
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1mmri 22m1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5
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1mmingw 22m1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5
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1mx64_mingw0m
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2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5
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As with groups, you can specify one or more platforms:
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gem "weakling", :platforms => :jruby
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gem "ruby-debug", :platforms => :mri_18
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gem "nokogiri", :platforms => [:mri_18, :jruby]
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All operations involving groups (1mbundle install 4m22mbundle-install.1.html24m,
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1mBundler.setup22m, 1mBundler.require22m) behave exactly the same as if any
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groups not matching the current platform were explicitly excluded.
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1mSOURCE0m
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You can select an alternate Rubygems repository for a gem using the
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':source' option.
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gem "some_internal_gem", :source => "https://gems.example.com"
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This forces the gem to be loaded from this source and ignores any
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global sources declared at the top level of the file. If the gem does
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not exist in this source, it will not be installed.
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Bundler will search for child dependencies of this gem by first looking
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in the source selected for the parent, but if they are not found there,
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it will fall back on global sources using the ordering described in
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4mSOURCE24m 4mPRIORITY24m.
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Selecting a specific source repository this way also suppresses the
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ambiguous gem warning described above in 4mGLOBAL24m 4mSOURCES24m 4m(#source)24m.
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Using the 1m:source 22moption for an individual gem will also make that
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source available as a possible global source for any other gems which
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do not specify explicit sources. Thus, when adding gems with explicit
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sources, it is recommended that you also ensure all other gems in the
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Gemfile are using explicit sources.
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1mGIT0m
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If necessary, you can specify that a gem is located at a particular git
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repository using the 1m:git 22mparameter. The repository can be accessed via
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several protocols:
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1mHTTP(S)0m
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gem "rails", :git => "https://github.com/rails/rails.git"
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1mSSH 22mgem "rails", :git => "git@github.com:rails/rails.git"
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1mgit 22mgem "rails", :git => "git://github.com/rails/rails.git"
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If using SSH, the user that you use to run 1mbundle install MUST 22mhave the
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appropriate keys available in their 1m$HOME/.ssh22m.
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1mNOTE22m: 1mhttp:// 22mand 1mgit:// 22mURLs should be avoided if at all possible.
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These protocols are unauthenticated, so a man-in-the-middle attacker
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can deliver malicious code and compromise your system. HTTPS and SSH
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are strongly preferred.
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The 1mgroup22m, 1mplatforms22m, and 1mrequire 22moptions are available and behave
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exactly the same as they would for a normal gem.
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A git repository 1mSHOULD 22mhave at least one file, at the root of the
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directory containing the gem, with the extension 1m.gemspec22m. This file
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1mMUST 22mcontain a valid gem specification, as expected by the 1mgem build0m
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command.
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If a git repository does not have a 1m.gemspec22m, bundler will attempt to
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create one, but it will not contain any dependencies, executables, or C
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extension compilation instructions. As a result, it may fail to prop-
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erly integrate into your application.
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If a git repository does have a 1m.gemspec 22mfor the gem you attached it
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to, a version specifier, if provided, means that the git repository is
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only valid if the 1m.gemspec 22mspecifies a version matching the version
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specifier. If not, bundler will print a warning.
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gem "rails", "2.3.8", :git => "https://github.com/rails/rails.git"
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# bundle install will fail, because the .gemspec in the rails
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# repository's master branch specifies version 3.0.0
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If a git repository does 1mnot 22mhave a 1m.gemspec 22mfor the gem you attached
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it to, a version specifier 1mMUST 22mbe provided. Bundler will use this ver-
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sion in the simple 1m.gemspec 22mit creates.
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Git repositories support a number of additional options.
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1mbranch22m, 1mtag22m, and 1mref0m
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You 1mMUST 22monly specify at most one of these options. The default
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is 1m:branch => "master"0m
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For example:
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git "https://github.com/rails/rails.git", :branch => "5-0-sta-
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ble" do
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git "https://github.com/rails/rails.git", :tag => "v5.0.0" do
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git "https://github.com/rails/rails.git", :ref => "4aded" do
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1msubmodules0m
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For reference, a git submodule
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4mhttps://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Submodules24m lets you
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have another git repository within a subfolder of your reposi-
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tory. Specify 1m:submodules => true 22mto cause bundler to expand any
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submodules included in the git repository
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If a git repository contains multiple 1m.gemspecs22m, each 1m.gemspec 22mrepre-
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sents a gem located at the same place in the file system as the 1m.gem-0m
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1mspec22m.
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|~rails [git root]
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| |-rails.gemspec [rails gem located here]
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|~actionpack
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| |-actionpack.gemspec [actionpack gem located here]
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|~activesupport
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| |-activesupport.gemspec [activesupport gem located here]
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|...
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To install a gem located in a git repository, bundler changes to the
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directory containing the gemspec, runs 1mgem build name.gemspec 22mand then
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installs the resulting gem. The 1mgem build 22mcommand, which comes standard
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with Rubygems, evaluates the 1m.gemspec 22min the context of the directory
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in which it is located.
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1mGIT SOURCE0m
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A custom git source can be defined via the 1mgit_source 22mmethod. Provide
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the source's name as an argument, and a block which receives a single
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argument and interpolates it into a string to return the full repo
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address:
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git_source(:stash){ |repo_name| "https://stash.corp.acme.pl/#{repo_name}.git" }
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gem 'rails', :stash => 'forks/rails'
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In addition, if you wish to choose a specific branch:
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gem "rails", :stash => "forks/rails", :branch => "branch_name"
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1mGITHUB0m
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1mNOTE22m: This shorthand should be avoided until Bundler 2.0, since it cur-
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rently expands to an insecure 1mgit:// 22mURL. This allows a man-in-the-mid-
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dle attacker to compromise your system.
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If the git repository you want to use is hosted on GitHub and is pub-
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lic, you can use the :github shorthand to specify the github username
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and repository name (without the trailing ".git"), separated by a
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slash. If both the username and repository name are the same, you can
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omit one.
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gem "rails", :github => "rails/rails"
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gem "rails", :github => "rails"
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Are both equivalent to
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gem "rails", :git => "git://github.com/rails/rails.git"
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Since the 1mgithub 22mmethod is a specialization of 1mgit_source22m, it accepts a
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1m:branch 22mnamed argument.
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1mGIST0m
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If the git repository you want to use is hosted as a Github Gist and is
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public, you can use the :gist shorthand to specify the gist identifier
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(without the trailing ".git").
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gem "the_hatch", :gist => "4815162342"
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Is equivalent to:
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gem "the_hatch", :git => "https://gist.github.com/4815162342.git"
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Since the 1mgist 22mmethod is a specialization of 1mgit_source22m, it accepts a
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1m:branch 22mnamed argument.
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1mBITBUCKET0m
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If the git repository you want to use is hosted on Bitbucket and is
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public, you can use the :bitbucket shorthand to specify the bitbucket
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username and repository name (without the trailing ".git"), separated
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by a slash. If both the username and repository name are the same, you
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can omit one.
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gem "rails", :bitbucket => "rails/rails"
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gem "rails", :bitbucket => "rails"
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Are both equivalent to
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gem "rails", :git => "https://rails@bitbucket.org/rails/rails.git"
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Since the 1mbitbucket 22mmethod is a specialization of 1mgit_source22m, it
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accepts a 1m:branch 22mnamed argument.
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1mPATH0m
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You can specify that a gem is located in a particular location on the
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file system. Relative paths are resolved relative to the directory con-
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taining the 1mGemfile22m.
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Similar to the semantics of the 1m:git 22moption, the 1m:path 22moption requires
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that the directory in question either contains a 1m.gemspec 22mfor the gem,
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or that you specify an explicit version that bundler should use.
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Unlike 1m:git22m, bundler does not compile C extensions for gems specified
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as paths.
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gem "rails", :path => "vendor/rails"
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If you would like to use multiple local gems directly from the filesys-
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tem, you can set a global 1mpath 22moption to the path containing the gem's
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files. This will automatically load gemspec files from subdirectories.
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path 'components' do
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gem 'admin_ui'
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gem 'public_ui'
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end
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1mBLOCK FORM OF SOURCE, GIT, PATH, GROUP and PLATFORMS0m
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The 1m:source22m, 1m:git22m, 1m:path22m, 1m:group22m, and 1m:platforms 22moptions may be applied
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to a group of gems by using block form.
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source "https://gems.example.com" do
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gem "some_internal_gem"
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gem "another_internal_gem"
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end
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git "https://github.com/rails/rails.git" do
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gem "activesupport"
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gem "actionpack"
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end
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platforms :ruby do
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gem "ruby-debug"
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gem "sqlite3"
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end
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group :development, :optional => true do
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gem "wirble"
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gem "faker"
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end
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In the case of the group block form the :optional option can be given
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|
to prevent a group from being installed unless listed in the 1m--with0m
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option given to the 1mbundle install 22mcommand.
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In the case of the 1mgit 22mblock form, the 1m:ref22m, 1m:branch22m, 1m:tag22m, and 1m:sub-0m
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1mmodules 22moptions may be passed to the 1mgit 22mmethod, and all gems in the
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block will inherit those options.
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The presence of a 1msource 22mblock in a Gemfile also makes that source
|
|
available as a possible global source for any other gems which do not
|
|
specify explicit sources. Thus, when defining source blocks, it is rec-
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|
ommended that you also ensure all other gems in the Gemfile are using
|
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explicit sources, either via source blocks or 1m:source 22mdirectives on
|
|
individual gems.
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1mINSTALL_IF0m
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The 1minstall_if 22mmethod allows gems to be installed based on a proc or
|
|
lambda. This is especially useful for optional gems that can only be
|
|
used if certain software is installed or some other conditions are met.
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install_if -> { RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /darwin/ } do
|
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gem "pasteboard"
|
|
end
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|
1mGEMSPEC0m
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The 1m.gemspec 4m22mhttp://guides.rubygems.org/specification-reference/24m file
|
|
is where you provide metadata about your gem to Rubygems. Some required
|
|
Gemspec attributes include the name, description, and homepage of your
|
|
gem. This is also where you specify the dependencies your gem needs to
|
|
run.
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|
If you wish to use Bundler to help install dependencies for a gem while
|
|
it is being developed, use the 1mgemspec 22mmethod to pull in the dependen-
|
|
cies listed in the 1m.gemspec 22mfile.
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|
|
|
The 1mgemspec 22mmethod adds any runtime dependencies as gem requirements in
|
|
the default group. It also adds development dependencies as gem
|
|
requirements in the 1mdevelopment 22mgroup. Finally, it adds a gem require-
|
|
ment on your project (1m:path => '.'22m). In conjunction with 1mBundler.setup22m,
|
|
this allows you to require project files in your test code as you would
|
|
if the project were installed as a gem; you need not manipulate the
|
|
load path manually or require project files via relative paths.
|
|
|
|
The 1mgemspec 22mmethod supports optional 1m:path22m, 1m:glob22m, 1m:name22m, and 1m:develop-0m
|
|
1mment_group 22moptions, which control where bundler looks for the 1m.gemspec22m,
|
|
the glob it uses to look for the gemspec (defaults to: "{,4m,24m/*}.gem-
|
|
spec"), what named 1m.gemspec 22mit uses (if more than one is present), and
|
|
which group development dependencies are included in.
|
|
|
|
When a 1mgemspec 22mdependency encounters version conflicts during resolu-
|
|
tion, the local version under development will always be selected --
|
|
even if there are remote versions that better match other requirements
|
|
for the 1mgemspec 22mgem.
|
|
|
|
1mSOURCE PRIORITY0m
|
|
When attempting to locate a gem to satisfy a gem requirement, bundler
|
|
uses the following priority order:
|
|
|
|
1. The source explicitly attached to the gem (using 1m:source22m, 1m:path22m, or
|
|
1m:git22m)
|
|
|
|
2. For implicit gems (dependencies of explicit gems), any source, git,
|
|
or path repository declared on the parent. This results in bundler
|
|
prioritizing the ActiveSupport gem from the Rails git repository
|
|
over ones from 1mrubygems.org0m
|
|
|
|
3. The sources specified via global 1msource 22mlines, searching each
|
|
source in your 1mGemfile 22mfrom last added to first added.
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October 2018 GEMFILE(5)
|