зеркало из https://github.com/github/ruby.git
838 строки
15 KiB
Plaintext
838 строки
15 KiB
Plaintext
= command line options
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: -W option
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new option to specify warning level. -W0 to shut up warnings, -W1 for normal level,
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-W2 for verbose level. -w equals to -W2.
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= language syntax
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: arbitrary delimited string array
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%W(...) notation, word list literal like %w(...) with the
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exception that #{} interpolation is allowed.
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: arbitrary delimited symbol literl
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:"foo", :"foo#{bar}", etc.
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: expression interpolation in strings
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Now arbitrary statements are allowed inside #{} interpolation
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without escapes. In other hand, they can no longer access to
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variables defined in eval.
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: negative number literals
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Digits preceded minus sign is a literal integer.
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: array expansion
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Fixed with the following behavior:
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a = *[1]
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p a #=> [1]
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Now 1-element array in rhs is expanded properly.
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a = *[1]
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p a #=> 1
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: break and next
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Extended to take an optional expression, which is used as a value
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for termination.
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: direct assignment to Foo::Bar is allowed
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also, you can define "class Foo::Bar; end".
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= language core
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: $stdin, $stdout, $stderr
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can be assignable again. the original stdio are preserved as STDIN,
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STDOUT, STDERR.
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: $VERBOSE now has 3 levels
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nil - silence, false - medium (default), true - verbose
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: allocation framework
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any instance of class can be allocated by class.allocate,
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(except for a few classes).
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: comparison of exception classes in a rescue clause
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changed to use Module#=== for comparing $! with the exception
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class specified in each rescue clause.
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as the previous behavior was to use kind_of?, the effect is limited
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to the SystemCallError case. SystemCallError.=== has been newly
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defined to return true when the two have the same errno. With this
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change, SystemCallError's with the same errno, such as Errno::EAGAIN
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and Errno::EWOULDBLOCK, can both be rescued by listing just one of
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them.
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: constants lookup
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improved at the performance of searching by using an internal hash
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table.
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calls const_missing method of the class/module, if constant is not
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found in the look up path.
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: expression parenthesis in the first argument
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altered to get the following code (note the space after p):
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p ("xx"*2).to_i
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Interpreted as:
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p (("xx"*2).to_i)
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Instead of:
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(p("xx"*2)).to_i
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: implicit comparison in conditional expressions
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Obsoleted except when it is used in -e.
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: between Range and $.
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Use explicit comparison instead.
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: between Regexp and $_
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Use the unary method ~/re/ instead.
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: to_str
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added to get objects which define to_str() treated as String's.
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now almost all the built-in methods try each argument with to_str()
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when they expect it to be a String.
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foo = Object.new
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class <<foo
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def to_str
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"foo"
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end
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end
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p File.open(foo)
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=> -:7:in `open': wrong argument type Object (expected String) (TypeError)
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ruby 1.6.4 (2001-04-19) [i586-linux]
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=> -:7:in `open': No such file or directory - "foo" (Errno::ENOENT)
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ruby 1.7.0 (2001-05-02) [i586-linux]
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: multiple assignment behavior
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Fixed so that "*a = nil" results in "a == []".
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= changes in core class library
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: open
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Extended so that when the third argument is permission flags it
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calls open(2) instead of fopen(3).
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: sprintf
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new format specifier "%p" is available.
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: lambda and proc
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Proc object returns from these methods has the following attributes:
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* strict argument number check
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* break and return terminates the proc execution.
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: warn(message)
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a method to give warnings.
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: abort()
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takes optional terminate message argument.
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: Object#initialize_copy
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copy constructor for clone and dup.
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: Object#instance_variable_set, Object#instance_variable_get
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added.
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: Object#singleton_method_removed
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: Object#singleton_method_undefined
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Added.
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: Array#transpose
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added.
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: Array#fetch(index [, default])
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Added. If a default value isn't given, raises index error if index
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is out of range.
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: Array#insert(n, other, ...)
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Added. [ruby-talk:14289]
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This is much the same as (({ary[n,0] = [other,...]})) except
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returing self.
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ary = [0,1,2,3]
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ary[2, 0] = [4, 5, 6]
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p ary
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ary = [0,1,2,3]
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ary.insert(2, 4, 5, 6)
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p ary
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: Array#sort!
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Changed to always return self without checking whether the sequence
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of the elements was modified or not.
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Beware that this behavior is not guaranteed to continue in the
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future. Do not rely on its return value. [ruby-dev:12506]
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: Array#filter
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Previously deprecated, now removed. Use Array#collect!.
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: Array#pack, String#unpack
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Allows comment in template strings.
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: Array#pack, String#unpack
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New templates 'q' and 'Q' for 64bit integer (signed and unsigned respectively).
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: Array#new
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Now takes block to fill initial values. E.g.
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Array.new(10) { |i| i + 1 }
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=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
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: Array#fill
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Takes block to get the values to fill.
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: Array#fetch
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Takes block to get the default value.
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: Array#zip
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added.
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: Hash#update
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Takes block to resolve key conflict.
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: Hash#merge and Hash#merge!
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update hash. Hash#merge! is a synonym of Hash#update.
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: String#split
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if "sep" argument is a string, regular expression meta characters
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are escaped internally.
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: String#rstrip
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chop off NULs at the end of strings.
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: String#to_i
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Now accepts optional base argument.
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"101".to_i(10) => 101
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"101".to_i(2) => 5
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"101".to_i(8) => 65
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"101".to_i(16) => 257
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A base argument of 0 guesses at the base.
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"101".to_i(0) => 101
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"0b101".to_i(0) => 5
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"0101".to_i(0) => 65
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"0x101".to_i(0) => 257
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: String#[regexp, nth]
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Extended to accepts optional second argument.
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It tries match between self and REGEXP, then returns the
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content of the NTH regexp register.
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: String#casecmp
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Added. This is a case insensitive version of String#<=>.
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: String#chomp
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If $/ == "\n", chops off last newlines (any of \n, \r, \r\n).
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: String#eql?
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Changed to be always case sensitive.
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: String#insert(n, other)
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Added.
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This is much the same as (({str[n, 0] = other})) except returing
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self.
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: String#lstrip, rstrip, lstrip!, rstrip!
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Added. These strip only left or right part of a string.
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: String#match
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Added.
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: String/Array methods
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Returns an instance of receivers class.
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: String.new
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The first argument becomes optional.
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: Symbol#intern
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Added.
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: Symbol.all_symbols
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Added. [ruby-dev:12921]
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: IO
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64bit off_t support by Janathan Baker.
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: IO#read
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: IO#sysread
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takes optinal second argument for read buffer.
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: IO::sysopen
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New method to get a raw file descriptor.
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: IO#sysseek
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Added.
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: IO#fsync
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new method that copies all in-memory parts of a file to disk and
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waits until the device reports that all parts are on stable storage.
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Implemented with fsync(2) or equivalent.
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: IO.open
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Made public. Can only associate an IO object with a file number
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like IO.new and IO.for_fd, but can take a block.
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: IO.for_fd
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Added as a synonym for IO.new.
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: IO.read
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Added. Like IO.readlines, except it returns the entire file as a
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string. [ruby-talk:9460]
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: File#fnmatch, File::Constants::FNM_*
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Added. Refer to the fnmatch(3) manpage for details.
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Localism is FNM_DOTMATCH which has the opposite meaning of the
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commonly known FNM_PERIOD, which does not exist in Ruby.
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e.g.
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# exclude files matching "*.bak" case-insensitively.
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files.reject! {|fn| File.fnmatch?("*.bak", fn, File::FNM_CASEFOLD) }
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: File.lchmod
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: File.lchown
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Added.
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: File.open, IO.open
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File mode can be specified by flags like open(2),
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e.g. File::open(path, File::CREAT|File::WRONLY).
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: Regexp#options
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Added.
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: Regexp.last_match(n)
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Extended to take an optional argument.
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: MatchData#captures
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added.
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: Dir#path
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Added.
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: Dir.chdir
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Extended to take a block.
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: Dir.glob
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Made to support meta-character escaping by a backslash. Wildcards
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and spaces may now be escaped using a backslash.
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: Dir.open
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Changed to return what the block returns when a block is given, just
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as File.open does. (It always returned (({nil})) in 1.6 and
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prior)
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: Dir.chdir
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Changed to warn only when invoked from multiple threads or no block
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is given. [ruby-dev:13823]
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Dir.chdir('foo') {
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Dir.chdir('bar') { # previously warned
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puts Dir.pwd
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}
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}
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: Dir#pos=
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Returns the new position instead of self.
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: Dir::glob
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Now accepts optional FNM_* flags via the second argument, whereas
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Dir::[] doesn't.
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Dir.glob("makefile", File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> ['Makefile', 'makefile']
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: Class#inherited
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Method is called when Class is inherited by another class.
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class A; end
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def A.inherited(by)
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puts "A inherited by #{by.inspect}"
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end
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class B < A; end
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Prints out "A inherited by B"
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: Module#include?
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Added. [ruby-dev:13941]
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: Module#included
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Added. This is a hook called after Module#append_feature.
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: Module#method_removed
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: Module#method_undefined
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Added.
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: Module.new, Class.new
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Extended to take block.
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: Time
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Extended to accept a negative time_t. (Only when the platform
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supports it)
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p Time.at(-1)
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=> Thu Jan 01 08:59:59 JST 1970
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: Time#to_a
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: Time#zone
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Made to return "UTC" under gmtime. It used to return a platform
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dependent value, typically "GMT", in 1.6 and prior.
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: Marshal to use marshal_dump and marshal_load
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if a dumping object responds to 'marshal_dump', Marshal.dump calls
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it, and dumps object returned. Marshal.load allocates a new instance
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using "allocate", then calls its "marshal_load" with dumped data.
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Marshal format version is now 4.8 (was 4.6 in 1.6.8).
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: Marshal
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Fixed not to dump anonymous classes/modules.
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Fixed with loading modules.
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: Thread#group
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new method to get belonging ThreadGroup.
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: Thread#terminate
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synonym of Thread#exit
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: Thread#join
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Optional argument limits maximum time to wait the thread in second.
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And returns nil if timed out.
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: ThreagGroup#enclose
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prohibits thread movement from/to enclosed groups.
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: Range#step([step=1])
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Added.
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: SystemCallError
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SystemCallError's "===" match (used in rescue also) is now based on its errno.
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: Interrupt
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Made a subclass of SignalException. (It was a subclass of
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Exception in 1.6 and prior)
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: NameError and NoMethodError
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Moved and now NoMethodError < NameError < StandardError.
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: NoMethodError
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Added. [ruby-dev:12763]
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: NotImplementError
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Finally obsoleted. Use NotImplementedError.
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: SystemCallError.===
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Added. (See the "Comparison of exception classes in a rescue clause"
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paragraph above) [ruby-dev:12670]
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: SystemExit#status
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Added.
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: Proc#==
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Added.
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: Method#==
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Added.
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: UnboundMethod is no longer subclass of Method
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class hierarchy changed.
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: Enumerable#all?
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: Enumerable#any?
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: Enumerable#inject
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: Enumerable#sort_by
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Added.
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: Math.acos(x)
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: Math.asin(x)
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: Math.atan(x)
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: Math.cosh(x)
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: Math.hypot(x,y)
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: Math.sinh(x)
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: Math.tanh(x)
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Added.
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: Process.abort
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: Process.exit
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synonym of Kernel#abort, and Kernel#exit respectively.
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: Process::detach(pid)
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new method to detach child process. child process will be "wait"ed
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automagically.
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: Process.times
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Moved from Time.times. (Time.times still remains but emits a
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warning)
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: Process.waitall
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Added.
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: Process::Status
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Added. (({$?})) is now an instance of this class.
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: Process::UID, Process::GID, Process::Sys,
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Added.
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: Signal
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Added. This module has module functions Signal.trap and Signal.list.
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= changes in bundled libraries
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: lib/cgi.rb
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cgi[name] returns CGI::QueryExtension::Value that wraps string
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value, no longer array.
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: lib/timeout
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timeout "function" wrapped in Timeout module.
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: TCPServer#accept, UNIXServer#accept, Socket#accept
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New methods to return an accepted socket fd.
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: Date and DateTime
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lib/date.rb now provides both Date and DateTime.
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Some methods have been renamed. But the old names are still alive.
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Some new methods have been added (Date::parse, Date#strftime, etc.).
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Date#mjd now returns the chronological modified Julian day number.
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All facilities about tjd have been removed.
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: Curses
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Updated. New methods and constants for using the mouse, character
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attributes, colors and key codes have been added.
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: Net::HTTP
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New version of Net::HTTP has introduced seriously incompatible
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changes. For details, see document embedded in net/http.rb itself.
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: Socket.pack_sockaddr_in, Socket.unpack_sockaddr_in
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Added. Utility for direct Socket access.
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: Socket.pack_sockaddr_un, Socket.unpack_sockaddr_un
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Added. Utility for direct Socket access.
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: TCPServer#listen, UNIXServer#listen
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Added.
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: TCPSocket.new
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: TCPSocket.open
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Extended to take an address and a port number for the local side in
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optional 3rd and 4th arguments.
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= newly bundled library
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: ext/bigdecimal
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variable precision decimal number
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: ext/dl
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an interface to the dynamic linker.
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: ext/enumerator
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a helper module for the Enumerable interface.
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: ext/io/wait
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IO wait methods.
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: ext/iconv
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wrapper library of (({iconv})).
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: ext/openssl
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OpenSSL for Ruby
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: ext/racc/cparse
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Racc runtime library in C. (Racc is a parser generator for ruby)
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: ext/stringio
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Pseudo (({IO})) class from/to (({String})).
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: ext/strscan
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Fast string scanner library.
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: ext/syck
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fast YAML parser.
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: lib/abbrev
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creates an abbreviation table from a list
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: lib/benchmark
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Ruby scripts benchmarker
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: lib/cgi/session/pstore
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cgi/session back-end using pstore
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: lib/csv
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reads/writes CSV files.
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: lib/date/format
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strftime for Date class
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: lib/drb
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dRuby or distributed Ruby
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: lib/fileutils
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file utility library.
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: lib/generator
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converts an internal iterator to an external iterator
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: lib/gserver
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generic server used by xmlrpc
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: lib/ipaddr
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manipulates IP address.
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: lib/multi-tk
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to allow safe Tk, etc.
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: lib/open-uri
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easy-to-use wrapper for net/http and net/ftp
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: lib/optparse
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command line options utility library
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: lib/pathname
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handles pathname in OO manner.
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: lib/pp
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prettyprinter for Ruby objects
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: lib/prettyprint
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implements prettyprint algorithm.
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: lib/profiler
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library to implement -r "profile"
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: lib/racc/parser
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RACC parser generator runtime in Ruby.
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: lib/scanf
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scan string and retrieve object with format
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: lib/set
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Set class
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: lib/runit
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RubyUnit compatible layer for test/unit
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: lib/test/unit
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unit testing framework for Ruby
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: lib/tmpdir
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get temporary directory path.
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: lib/tsort
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topological sorting library.
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: lib/rexml
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REXML XML library
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: lib/webrick
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generic internet server kit
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: lib/xmlrpc
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simple RPC via XML
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: lib/un
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used like 'ruby -run -e cp -- -p foo bar'. neat, isn't it?
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: lib/win32/registry
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win32/registry is registry accessor
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: lib/yaml
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YAML Ain't Mark-up Language
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= removed libraries
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: lib/ftplib
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use net/ftp instead.
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: lib/telnet
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use net/telnet instead.
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= new port
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: WindowsCE port
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: Win32 BCC
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= interpreter implementation
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: garbage collector
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faster, but uses more memory for the worst case.
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: string concatenation
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faster by avoiding too frequent realloc(3).
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