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117 строки
3.2 KiB
Plaintext
117 строки
3.2 KiB
Plaintext
= Case Mapping
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Some string-oriented methods use case mapping.
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In String:
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- String#capitalize
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- String#capitalize!
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- String#casecmp
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- String#casecmp?
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- String#downcase
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- String#downcase!
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- String#swapcase
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- String#swapcase!
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- String#upcase
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- String#upcase!
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In Symbol:
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- Symbol#capitalize
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- Symbol#casecmp
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- Symbol#casecmp?
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- Symbol#downcase
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- Symbol#swapcase
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- Symbol#upcase
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== Default Case Mapping
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By default, all of these methods use full Unicode case mapping,
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which is suitable for most languages.
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See {Section 3.13 (Default Case Algorithms) of the Unicode standard}[https://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/ch03.pdf].
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Non-ASCII case mapping and folding are supported for UTF-8,
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UTF-16BE/LE, UTF-32BE/LE, and ISO-8859-1~16 Strings/Symbols.
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Context-dependent case mapping as described in
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{Table 3-17 (Context Specification for Casing) of the Unicode standard}[https://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/ch03.pdf]
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is currently not supported.
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In most cases, case conversions of a string have the same number of characters.
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There are exceptions (see also +:fold+ below):
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s = "\u00DF" # => "ß"
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s.upcase # => "SS"
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s = "\u0149" # => "ʼn"
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s.upcase # => "ʼN"
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Case mapping may also depend on locale (see also +:turkic+ below):
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s = "\u0049" # => "I"
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s.downcase # => "i" # Dot above.
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s.downcase(:turkic) # => "ı" # No dot above.
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Case changes may not be reversible:
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s = 'Hello World!' # => "Hello World!"
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s.downcase # => "hello world!"
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s.downcase.upcase # => "HELLO WORLD!" # Different from original s.
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Case changing methods may not maintain Unicode normalization.
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See String#unicode_normalize).
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== Options for Case Mapping
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Except for +casecmp+ and +casecmp?+,
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each of the case-mapping methods listed above
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accepts optional arguments, <tt>*options</tt>.
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The arguments may be:
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- +:ascii+ only.
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- +:fold+ only.
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- +:turkic+ or +:lithuanian+ or both.
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The options:
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- +:ascii+:
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ASCII-only mapping:
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uppercase letters ('A'..'Z') are mapped to lowercase letters ('a'..'z);
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other characters are not changed
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s = "Foo \u00D8 \u00F8 Bar" # => "Foo Ø ø Bar"
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s.upcase # => "FOO Ø Ø BAR"
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s.downcase # => "foo ø ø bar"
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s.upcase(:ascii) # => "FOO Ø ø BAR"
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s.downcase(:ascii) # => "foo Ø ø bar"
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- +:turkic+:
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Full Unicode case mapping, adapted for the Turkic languages
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that distinguish dotted and dotless I, for example Turkish and Azeri.
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s = 'Türkiye' # => "Türkiye"
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s.upcase # => "TÜRKIYE"
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s.upcase(:turkic) # => "TÜRKİYE" # Dot above.
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s = 'TÜRKIYE' # => "TÜRKIYE"
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s.downcase # => "türkiye"
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s.downcase(:turkic) # => "türkıye" # No dot above.
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- +:lithuanian+:
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Not yet implemented.
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- +:fold+ (available only for String#downcase, String#downcase!,
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and Symbol#downcase):
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Unicode case folding,
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which is more far-reaching than Unicode case mapping.
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s = "\u00DF" # => "ß"
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s.downcase # => "ß"
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s.downcase(:fold) # => "ss"
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s.upcase # => "SS"
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s = "\uFB04" # => "ffl"
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s.downcase # => "ffl"
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s.upcase # => "FFL"
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s.downcase(:fold) # => "ffl"
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