vitess-gh/doc/APIScope.md

API Scope

This document describes the scope of the Vitess APIs, and how they map to traditional concepts like database and tables.

Introduction

Vitess is exposed as a single database by clients, but can be composed of any arbitrary number of databases, some of them possibly sharded with large numbers of shards. It is not obvious to map this system with clients that expect only a single database.

Shard Names and Key Ranges

For unsharded keyspaces, or custom sharded keyspaces, the shard names have traditionally been numbers e.g. 0. (It is important to note that Vitess does not interpret these shard names, including name 0, as range-based shard.)

For keyspaces that are sharded by keyrange, we use the range as the shard name. For instance 40-80 contains all records whose sharding key is between 0x40..... and 0x80....

The conventions Vitess follow is:

• if a single shard should be targeted, the shard name should be used. This allows single-shard keyspaces and custom sharded keyspaces to be accessed.

• if a subset of the data should be targeted, and we are using ranged-based sharding, then a key range should be used. Vitess is then responsible for mapping the keyrange to a list of shards, and for any aggregation.

Execute API

The main entry point of a Vitess cluster is the 'Execute' call (or StreamExecute for streaming queries). It takes a keyspace, a tablet type, and a query. The VSchema helps Vitess route the query to the right shard and tablet type. This is the most transparent way of accessing Vitess. Keyspace is the database, and inside the query, a table is referenced either just by name, or by keyspace.name.

We are adding a shard parameter to this entry point. It will work as follows:

• TODO(sougou) document this.

We want to add support for DBA statements:

• DDL statements in the short term will be sent to all shards of a keyspace. Note for complex schema changes, using Schema Swap is recommended. Longer term, we want to instead trigger a workflow that will use the best strategy for the schema change.

• Read-only statements (like describe table) will be sent to the first shard of the keyspace. This somewhat assumes the schema is consistent across all shards, which may or may not be true. Guaranteeing schema consistency across shards is however out of scope for this.

• Read-only statements that return table statistics (like data size, number of rows, ...) will need to be scattered and aggregated across all shards. The first version of the API won't support this.

We also want to add support for routing sequence queries through this Execute query (right now only the VSchema engine can use a sequence).

Then, we also want to support changing the VSchema via SQL-like statements, like ALTER TABLE ADD VINDEX().

Client Connectors

Client connectors (like JDBC) usually have a connection string that describes the connection. It usually includes the keyspace and the tablet type, and uses the Execute API.

MySQL Server Protocol API

vtgate now exposes an API endpoint that implements the regular MySQL server protocol. All calls are forwarded to the Execute API. The database provided on the connection is used as the keyspace, if any. The tablet type is also Master for now.

Update Stream and Message Stream

These APIs are meant to target a keyspace and optionally a subset of its shards.

• The keyspace is provided in the API.

• To specify the shard, two options are provided:

  • a shard name, to target an individual shard by name.

  • a key range, to target a subset of shards in a way that will survive a resharding event.

Note the current implementation for these services only supports a key range that exactly maps to one shard. We want to make that better and support aggregating multiple shards in a keyrange.