diff --git a/Src/AlphaTestEffect.cpp b/Src/AlphaTestEffect.cpp
index a9805e3..47ef0d7 100644
--- a/Src/AlphaTestEffect.cpp
+++ b/Src/AlphaTestEffect.cpp
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ AlphaTestEffect::Impl::Impl(
 
     // Create root signature.
     {
-        constexpr D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
+        const D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
             D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
diff --git a/Src/BasicEffect.cpp b/Src/BasicEffect.cpp
index 0078632..007189b 100644
--- a/Src/BasicEffect.cpp
+++ b/Src/BasicEffect.cpp
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ BasicEffect::Impl::Impl(
 
     // Create root signature.
     {
-        constexpr D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
+        const D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
             D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
diff --git a/Src/BasicPostProcess.cpp b/Src/BasicPostProcess.cpp
index d5913a4..6a96315 100644
--- a/Src/BasicPostProcess.cpp
+++ b/Src/BasicPostProcess.cpp
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ BasicPostProcess::Impl::Impl(_In_ ID3D12Device* device, const RenderTargetState&
 
     // Create root signature.
     {
-        constexpr D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
+        const D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
             D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_VERTEX_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
diff --git a/Src/DebugEffect.cpp b/Src/DebugEffect.cpp
index ccb396c..2907f0f 100644
--- a/Src/DebugEffect.cpp
+++ b/Src/DebugEffect.cpp
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ DebugEffect::Impl::Impl(
 
     // Create root signature.
     {
-        constexpr D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
+        const D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
             D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
diff --git a/Src/DualPostProcess.cpp b/Src/DualPostProcess.cpp
index f35127e..38b7a12 100644
--- a/Src/DualPostProcess.cpp
+++ b/Src/DualPostProcess.cpp
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ DualPostProcess::Impl::Impl(_In_ ID3D12Device* device, const RenderTargetState&
 
     // Create root signature.
     {
-        constexpr D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
+        const D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
             D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_VERTEX_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
diff --git a/Src/DualTextureEffect.cpp b/Src/DualTextureEffect.cpp
index 92a2bd8..0714a87 100644
--- a/Src/DualTextureEffect.cpp
+++ b/Src/DualTextureEffect.cpp
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ DualTextureEffect::Impl::Impl(
 
     // Create root signature.
     {
-        constexpr D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
+        const D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
             D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
diff --git a/Src/EnvironmentMapEffect.cpp b/Src/EnvironmentMapEffect.cpp
index 7d244cc..24f3d9c 100644
--- a/Src/EnvironmentMapEffect.cpp
+++ b/Src/EnvironmentMapEffect.cpp
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ EnvironmentMapEffect::Impl::Impl(
 
     // Create root signature.
     {
-        constexpr D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
+        const D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
             D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
diff --git a/Src/NormalMapEffect.cpp b/Src/NormalMapEffect.cpp
index 6af4664..83a8616 100644
--- a/Src/NormalMapEffect.cpp
+++ b/Src/NormalMapEffect.cpp
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ void NormalMapEffect::Impl::Initialize(
 
     // Create root signature.
     {
-        constexpr D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
+        const D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
             D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
diff --git a/Src/PBREffect.cpp b/Src/PBREffect.cpp
index 413a75a..b519abe 100644
--- a/Src/PBREffect.cpp
+++ b/Src/PBREffect.cpp
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ void PBREffect::Impl::Initialize(
 
     // Create root signature
     {
-        constexpr D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
+        const D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
             D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
diff --git a/Src/ResourceUploadBatch.cpp b/Src/ResourceUploadBatch.cpp
index 76230a5..258dd80 100644
--- a/Src/ResourceUploadBatch.cpp
+++ b/Src/ResourceUploadBatch.cpp
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ namespace
         static ComPtr<ID3D12RootSignature> CreateGenMipsRootSignature(
             _In_ ID3D12Device* device)
         {
-            constexpr D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
+            const D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
                 D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_VERTEX_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
                 | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
                 | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
diff --git a/Src/SkinnedEffect.cpp b/Src/SkinnedEffect.cpp
index 7e801dc..c459a72 100644
--- a/Src/SkinnedEffect.cpp
+++ b/Src/SkinnedEffect.cpp
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ SkinnedEffect::Impl::Impl(
 
     // Create root signature.
     {
-        constexpr D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
+        const D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
             D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
diff --git a/Src/SpriteBatch.cpp b/Src/SpriteBatch.cpp
index 4bc87b0..6695c76 100644
--- a/Src/SpriteBatch.cpp
+++ b/Src/SpriteBatch.cpp
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ void SpriteBatch::Impl::DeviceResources::CreateIndexBuffer(_In_ ID3D12Device* de
 
 void SpriteBatch::Impl::DeviceResources::CreateRootSignatures(_In_ ID3D12Device* device)
 {
-    constexpr D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
+    const D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
         D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT
         | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
         | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
diff --git a/Src/ToneMapPostProcess.cpp b/Src/ToneMapPostProcess.cpp
index e98c167..d552862 100644
--- a/Src/ToneMapPostProcess.cpp
+++ b/Src/ToneMapPostProcess.cpp
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ ToneMapPostProcess::Impl::Impl(_In_ ID3D12Device* device, const RenderTargetStat
 
     // Create root signature.
     {
-        constexpr D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
+        const D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
             D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_VERTEX_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS
             | D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS