"In this notebook, we demonstrate how to use AutoML with FLAML to find the best model for our dataset.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"## 1. Introduction\n",
"\n",
"FLAML is a Python library (https://github.com/microsoft/FLAML) designed to automatically produce accurate machine learning models \n",
"with low computational cost. It is fast and economical. The simple and lightweight design makes it easy to use and extend, such as adding new learners. FLAML can \n",
"- serve as an economical AutoML engine,\n",
"- be used as a fast hyperparameter tuning tool, or \n",
"- be embedded in self-tuning software that requires low latency & resource in repetitive\n",
" tuning tasks.\n",
"\n",
"In this notebook, we use one real data example (binary classification) to showcase how to use FLAML library.\n",
"Download [Airlines dataset](https://www.openml.org/d/1169) from OpenML. The task is to predict whether a given flight will be delayed, given the information of the scheduled departure."
"/home/trusted-service-user/cluster-env/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/dask/dataframe/backends.py:187: FutureWarning: pandas.Int64Index is deprecated and will be removed from pandas in a future version. Use pandas.Index with the appropriate dtype instead.\n",
"/home/trusted-service-user/cluster-env/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/dask/dataframe/backends.py:187: FutureWarning: pandas.Float64Index is deprecated and will be removed from pandas in a future version. Use pandas.Index with the appropriate dtype instead.\n",
"/home/trusted-service-user/cluster-env/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/dask/dataframe/backends.py:187: FutureWarning: pandas.UInt64Index is deprecated and will be removed from pandas in a future version. Use pandas.Index with the appropriate dtype instead.\n",
"In the FLAML automl run configuration, users can specify the task type, time budget, error metric, learner list, whether to subsample, resampling strategy type, and so on. All these arguments have default values which will be used if users do not provide them. For example, the default classifiers are `['lgbm', 'xgboost', 'xgb_limitdepth', 'catboost', 'rf', 'extra_tree', 'lrl1']`. "
"[flaml.automl.automl: 04-09 03:11:13] {2726} INFO - task = classification\n",
"[flaml.automl.automl: 04-09 03:11:13] {2728} INFO - Data split method: stratified\n",
"[flaml.automl.automl: 04-09 03:11:13] {2731} INFO - Evaluation method: holdout\n",
"[flaml.automl.automl: 04-09 03:11:14] {2858} INFO - Minimizing error metric: 1-accuracy\n",
"[flaml.automl.automl: 04-09 03:11:14] {3004} INFO - List of ML learners in AutoML Run: ['lgbm', 'rf', 'xgboost', 'extra_tree', 'xgb_limitdepth', 'lrl1']\n",
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"[flaml.automl.automl: 04-09 03:11:14] {3472} INFO - Estimated sufficient time budget=17413s. Estimated necessary time budget=401s.\n",
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"No low-cost partial config given to the search algorithm. For cost-frugal search, consider providing low-cost values for cost-related hps via 'low_cost_partial_config'. More info can be found at https://microsoft.github.io/FLAML/docs/FAQ#about-low_cost_partial_config-in-tune\n",
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"[flaml.automl.automl: 04-09 03:13:19] {3783} INFO - retrain lgbm for 5.8s\n",
"[flaml.automl.automl: 04-09 03:13:19] {3790} INFO - retrained model: LGBMClassifier(colsample_bytree=0.763983850698587,\n",
"[flaml.automl.automl: 04-09 03:13:19] {3034} INFO - fit succeeded\n",
"[flaml.automl.automl: 04-09 03:13:19] {3035} INFO - Time taken to find the best model: 74.35051536560059\n"
]
},
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"/nfs4/pyenv-bfada21f-d1ed-44b9-a41d-4ff480d237e7/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_sag.py:350: ConvergenceWarning: The max_iter was reached which means the coef_ did not converge\n",
" warnings.warn(\n",
"/nfs4/pyenv-bfada21f-d1ed-44b9-a41d-4ff480d237e7/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_sag.py:350: ConvergenceWarning: The max_iter was reached which means the coef_ did not converge\n",
" warnings.warn(\n",
"/nfs4/pyenv-bfada21f-d1ed-44b9-a41d-4ff480d237e7/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_sag.py:350: ConvergenceWarning: The max_iter was reached which means the coef_ did not converge\n",
" warnings.warn(\n",
"/nfs4/pyenv-bfada21f-d1ed-44b9-a41d-4ff480d237e7/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_sag.py:350: ConvergenceWarning: The max_iter was reached which means the coef_ did not converge\n",
" warnings.warn(\n",
"/nfs4/pyenv-bfada21f-d1ed-44b9-a41d-4ff480d237e7/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_sag.py:350: ConvergenceWarning: The max_iter was reached which means the coef_ did not converge\n",
" verbose=-1)</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-1\" type=\"checkbox\" checked><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-1\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label sk-toggleable__label-arrow\">LGBMClassifier</label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content\"><pre>LGBMClassifier(colsample_bytree=0.763983850698587,\n",
" reg_alpha=0, reg_lambda=1, ...)</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-3\" type=\"checkbox\" checked><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-3\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label sk-toggleable__label-arrow\">XGBClassifier</label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content\"><pre>XGBClassifier(base_score=0.5, booster='gbtree', callbacks=None,\n",
"Some experienced automl users may have a preferred model to tune or may already have a reasonably by-hand-tuned model before launching the automl experiment. They need to select optimal configurations for the customized model mixed with standard built-in learners. \n",
"\n",
"FLAML can easily incorporate customized/new learners (preferably with sklearn API) provided by users in a real-time manner, as demonstrated below."
"[Regularized Greedy Forest](https://arxiv.org/abs/1109.0887) (RGF) is a machine learning method currently not included in FLAML. The RGF has many tuning parameters, the most critical of which are: `[max_leaf, n_iter, n_tree_search, opt_interval, min_samples_leaf]`. To run a customized/new learner, the user needs to provide the following information:\n",
"* an implementation of the customized/new learner\n",
"* a list of hyperparameter names and types\n",
"* rough ranges of hyperparameters (i.e., upper/lower bounds)\n",
"* choose initial value corresponding to low cost for cost-related hyperparameters (e.g., initial value for max_leaf and n_iter should be small)\n",
"\n",
"In this example, the above information for RGF is wrapped in a python class called *MyRegularizedGreedyForest* that exposes the hyperparameters."
"It's also easy to customize the optimization metric. As an example, we demonstrate with a custom metric function which combines training loss and validation loss as the final loss to minimize."
"[flaml.automl.automl: 04-09 03:14:04] {3004} INFO - List of ML learners in AutoML Run: ['lgbm', 'rf', 'xgboost', 'extra_tree', 'xgb_limitdepth', 'lrl1']\n",
"[flaml.automl.automl: 04-09 03:14:04] {3334} INFO - iteration 0, current learner lgbm\n",
"[flaml.automl.automl: 04-09 03:14:04] {3472} INFO - Estimated sufficient time budget=11191s. Estimated necessary time budget=258s.\n",
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