Update quick reference to Q# 0.3 (#45)
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Mariia Mykhailova
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quickref/qsharp-quick-reference.pdf
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quickref/qsharp-quick-reference.pdf
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@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
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\raggedright\
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% \begin{center}
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\Large{\qs~Language Quick Reference}
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\Large{\qs~0.3 Language Quick Reference}
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% \end{center}
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\footnotesize
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@ -135,6 +135,7 @@
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Sequences of \newline integers & \texttt{Range} \newline
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e.g.: 1..10 or 5..-1..0 \\
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Strings & \texttt{String} \\
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"Return no \newline information" type & \texttt{Unit} \newline e.g.: \texttt{()} \\
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\end{keysref}
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\begin{keysref}{Derived Types}
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@ -142,9 +143,9 @@
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Tuples & \texttt{(\emph{type0}, \emph{type1}, ...)} \newline
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e.g.: \texttt{(Int, Qubit)} \\
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Functions & \texttt{\emph{input} -> \emph{output}} \newline
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e.g.: \texttt{ArcTan2 : (Double, Double) -> Double} \\
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e.g.: \texttt{ArcCos : (Double) -> Double} \\
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Operations & \texttt{\emph{input} => \emph{output} : \emph{variants}} \newline
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e.g.: \texttt{H : (Qubit => () : Adjoint, Controlled)} \\
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e.g.: \texttt{H : (Qubit => Unit : \newline Adjoint, Controlled)} \\
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\end{keysref}
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\begin{keysref}{Functions, Operations and Types}
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@ -160,15 +161,15 @@
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\texttt{\hphantom{....}adjoint controlled \{ ... \}} \newline
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\texttt{\}} \\
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Define \newline user-defined type & \texttt{newtype \emph{TypeName} = \emph{BaseType}} \newline
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\texttt{newtype TermList = (Int, Int -> (Double, Double))} \\
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Call adjoint \newline operation & \texttt{(Adjoint \emph{Name})(\emph{parameters})} \\
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Call controlled \newline operation & \texttt{(Controlled \emph{Name})(\emph{controlQubits}, \emph{parameters})} \\
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e.g.: \texttt{newtype TermList = \newline (Int, Int -> (Double, Double))} \\
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Call adjoint \newline operation & \texttt{Adjoint \emph{Name}(\emph{parameters})} \\
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Call controlled \newline operation & \texttt{Controlled \emph{Name}(\emph{controlQubits}, \emph{parameters})} \\
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\end{keysref}
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\begin{keysref}{Symbols and Variables}
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Declare immutable \newline symbol & \texttt{let \emph{name} = \emph{value}} \\
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Declare mutable \newline symbol (variable) & \texttt{mutable \emph{name} = \emph{value}} \\
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Update mutable \newline symbol (variable) & \texttt{set \emph{name} = \emph{value}} \\
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Declare mutable \newline symbol (variable) & \texttt{mutable \emph{name} = \emph{initialValue}} \\
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Update mutable \newline symbol (variable) & \texttt{set \emph{name} = \emph{newValue}} \\
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\end{keysref}
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\columnbreak%\
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@ -177,16 +178,23 @@
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Allocation & \texttt{mutable \emph{name} = new \emph{Type}[\emph{length}]} \\
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Length & \texttt{Length(\emph{name})} \\
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k-th element & \texttt{\emph{name}[k]} \newline NB: indices are 0-based \\
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Array literal & \texttt{[\emph{value0}; \emph{value1}; ...]} \newline
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e.g.: \texttt{[true; false; true]} \\
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Slicing (subarray) & \texttt{let \emph{name} = \emph{name}[\emph{start}..\emph{end}]} \\
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Array literal & \texttt{[\emph{value0}, \emph{value1}, ...]} \newline
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e.g.: \texttt{[true, false, true]} \\
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Slicing (subarray) & \texttt{\emph{name}[\emph{start}..\emph{end}]} \\
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\end{keysref}
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\begin{keysref}{Control Flow}
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For loop & \texttt{for (\emph{ind} in \emph{range}) \{ ... \}} \newline
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e.g.: \texttt{for (i in 0..N-1) \{ ... \}} \\
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Repeat-until-success loop & \texttt{repeat \{ ... \} \newline until \emph{condition} \newline fixup \{ ... \}} \\
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Conditional \newline statement & \texttt{if \emph{cond1} \{ ... \} \newline elif \emph{cond2} \{ ... \} \newline else \{ ... \}}\\
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For loop & \texttt{for (\emph{index} in \emph{range}) \{ }\newline
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\texttt{\hphantom{....}//} Use integer \texttt{\emph{index}} \newline
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\texttt{\}} \newline
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e.g.: \texttt{for (i in 0..N-1) \{ ... \}} \\
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Iterate over \newline an array & \texttt{for (\emph{val} in \emph{array}) \{ }\newline
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\texttt{\hphantom{....}//} Use value \texttt{\emph{val}} \newline
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\texttt{\}} \newline
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e.g.: \texttt{for (q in register) \{ ... \}} \\
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Repeat-until-success loop & \texttt{repeat \{ ... \} \newline until (\emph{condition}) \newline fixup \{ ... \}} \\
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Conditional \newline statement & \texttt{if (\emph{cond1}) \{ ... \} \newline elif (\emph{cond2}) \{ ... \} \newline else \{ ... \}}\\
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Ternary operator & \texttt{\emph{condition} ? \emph{caseTrue} | \emph{caseFalse} } \\
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Return a value & \texttt{return \emph{value}} \\
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Stop with an error & \texttt{fail "\emph{Error message}"} \\
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\end{keysref}
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@ -195,51 +203,54 @@
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Print a string & \texttt{Message("Hello Quantum!")} \\
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Print an \newline interpolated string
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& \texttt{Message(\$"Value = \{\emph{val}\}")} \\
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Assert that qubit is in $\ket{0}$ or $\ket{1}$ & \texttt{AssertQubit (expected : Result, q : Qubit)}\\
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Print amplitudes \newline of wave function & \texttt{DumpMachine()} \\
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Assert that a qubit is in $\ket{0}$ or $\ket{1}$ state & \texttt{AssertQubit(Zero, \emph{oneQubit})}\\
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Print amplitudes \newline of wave function & \texttt{DumpMachine("dump.txt")} \\
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\end{keysref}
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\begin{keysref}{Qubits and Operations on Qubits}
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Allocate qubits & \texttt{using (\emph{name} = Qubit[\emph{length}]) \{} \newline
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\texttt{\hphantom{....}//} Qubits in \texttt{\emph{name}} start in $\ket{0}$. \newline
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\begin{keysref}{Qubit Allocation}
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Allocate qubits & \texttt{using (\emph{reg} = Qubit[\emph{length}]) \{} \newline
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\texttt{\hphantom{....}//} Qubits in \texttt{\emph{reg}} start in $\ket{0}$. \newline
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\texttt{\hphantom{....}...} \newline
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\texttt{\hphantom{....}//} Qubits must be returned to $\ket{0}$. \newline
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\texttt{\}} \\
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Pauli gates & \texttt{X} :
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$\ket{0} \mapsto \ket{1}$, $\ket{1} \mapsto \ket{0}$ \newline
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\texttt{Y} :
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$\ket{0} \mapsto i \ket{1}$, $\ket{1} \mapsto -i \ket{0}$ \newline
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\texttt{Z} :
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$\ket{0} \mapsto \ket{0}$, $\ket{1} \mapsto -\ket{1}$ \\
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Hadamard & \texttt{H} :
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$\ket{0} \mapsto \ket{+} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} ( \ket{0} + \ket{1} )$, \newline
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$\ket{1} \mapsto \ket{-} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} ( \ket{0} - \ket{1} )$ \\
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Controlled-NOT & \texttt{CNOT : ((control : Qubit, \newline target : Qubit) => ())} \newline
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$\ket{00} \mapsto \ket{00}$, $\ket{01} \mapsto \ket{01}$, \newline
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$\ket{10} \mapsto \ket{11}$, $\ket{11} \mapsto \ket{10}$ \\
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Measure qubit in Pauli $Z$ basis & \texttt{M : Qubit => Result} \\
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Perform joint measurement of qubits in given Pauli bases & \texttt{Measure : (Pauli[], Qubit[]) => Result} \\
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Rotate about given Pauli axis & \texttt{R : (Pauli, Double, Qubit) => ()} \\
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Rotate about Pauli $X$, $Y$, $Z$ axis & \texttt{Rx : (Double, Qubit) => ()} \newline
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\texttt{Ry : (Double, Qubit) => ()} \newline
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\texttt{Rz : (Double, Qubit) => ()} \\
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Reset qubit to $\ket{0}$ & \texttt{Reset : Qubit => ()} \\
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Reset qubits to $\ket{0..0}$ & \texttt{ResetAll : Qubit[] => ()} \\
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Allocate one qubit & \texttt{using (\emph{one} = Qubit()) \{ ... \} } \\
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\end{keysref}
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\columnbreak%\
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\begin{keysref}{Measurements}
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Measure qubit in Pauli $Z$ basis & \texttt{M(\emph{oneQubit})} \newline yields a \texttt{Result} (\texttt{Zero} or \texttt{One}) \\
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Reset qubit to $\ket{0}$ & \texttt{Reset(\emph{oneQubit})} \\
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Reset an array of \newline qubits to $\ket{0..0}$ & \texttt{ResetAll(\emph{register})} \\
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\end{keysref}
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\begin{keysref}{Basic Gates}
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Pauli gates & \texttt{X(\emph{qubit})} : \newline
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$\ket{0} \mapsto \ket{1}$, $\ket{1} \mapsto \ket{0}$ \newline
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\texttt{Y(\emph{qubit})} : \newline
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$\ket{0} \mapsto i \ket{1}$, $\ket{1} \mapsto -i \ket{0}$ \newline
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\texttt{Z(\emph{qubit})} : \newline
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$\ket{0} \mapsto \ket{0}$, $\ket{1} \mapsto -\ket{1}$ \\
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Hadamard & \texttt{H(\emph{qubit})} : \newline
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$\ket{0} \mapsto \ket{+} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} ( \ket{0} + \ket{1} )$, \newline
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$\ket{1} \mapsto \ket{-} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} ( \ket{0} - \ket{1} )$ \\
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Controlled-NOT & \texttt{CNOT(\emph{controlQubit}, \emph{targetQubit})} \newline
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$\ket{00} \mapsto \ket{00}$, $\ket{01} \mapsto \ket{01}$, \newline
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$\ket{10} \mapsto \ket{11}$, $\ket{11} \mapsto \ket{10}$ \\
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Apply several gates \newline (Bell pair example) & \texttt{H(\emph{qubit1});} \newline
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\texttt{CNOT(\emph{qubit1}, \emph{qubit2});} \\
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\end{keysref}
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\section{Resources}
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\begin{keysref}{Documentation}
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Quantum \newline Development Kit & \url{https://docs.microsoft.com/quantum} \\
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\qs~Language \newline Reference & \url{https://docs.microsoft.com/quantum/quantum-qr-intro} \\
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\qs~Language \newline Reference & \url{https://docs.microsoft.com/quantum/language/} \\
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\qs~Library \newline Reference & \url{https://docs.microsoft.com/qsharp/api} \\
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\end{keysref}
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\begin{keysref}{\qs~Code Repositories}
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QDK Samples and Libraries & \url{https://github.com/Microsoft/Quantum} \\
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Quantum Katas & \url{https://github.com/Microsoft/QuantumKatas} \\
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QDK Samples & \url{https://github.com/Microsoft/Quantum} \\
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QDK Libraries & \url{https://github.com/Microsoft/QuantumLibraries} \\
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Quantum Katas \newline (tutorials) & \url{https://github.com/Microsoft/QuantumKatas} \\
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\end{keysref}
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\begin{keysref}{Command Line Basics}
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