STL/stl/inc/istream

// istream standard header

// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception

#pragma once
#ifndef _ISTREAM_
#define _ISTREAM_
#include <yvals_core.h>
#if _STL_COMPILER_PREPROCESSOR
#include <ostream>

#pragma pack(push, _CRT_PACKING)
#pragma warning(push, _STL_WARNING_LEVEL)
#pragma warning(disable : _STL_DISABLED_WARNINGS)
_STL_DISABLE_CLANG_WARNINGS
#pragma push_macro("new")
#undef new

_STD_BEGIN
#pragma vtordisp(push, 2) // compiler bug workaround

// CLASS TEMPLATE basic_istream
template <class _Elem, class _Traits>
class basic_istream : virtual public basic_ios<_Elem, _Traits> { // control extractions from a stream buffer
public:
    using _Myios = basic_ios<_Elem, _Traits>;
    using _Mysb  = basic_streambuf<_Elem, _Traits>;
    using _Iter  = istreambuf_iterator<_Elem, _Traits>;
    using _Ctype = ctype<_Elem>;
    using _Nget  = num_get<_Elem, _Iter>;

#if defined(__FORCE_INSTANCE)
    explicit __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL basic_istream(_Mysb* _Strbuf, bool _Isstd, bool _Skip_init) : _Chcount(0) {
        if (!_Skip_init) {
            _Myios::init(_Strbuf, _Isstd);
        }
    }
#endif // defined(__FORCE_INSTANCE)

    explicit __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL basic_istream(_Mysb* _Strbuf, bool _Isstd = false)

        : _Chcount(0) {
        _Myios::init(_Strbuf, _Isstd);
    }

    __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL basic_istream(_Uninitialized) {
        this->_Addstd(this);
    }

protected:
    __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL basic_istream(basic_istream&& _Right) : _Chcount(_Right._Chcount) {
        _Myios::init();
        _Myios::move(_STD move(_Right));
        _Right._Chcount = 0;
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator=(basic_istream&& _Right) {
        this->swap(_Right);
        return *this;
    }

    void __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL swap(basic_istream& _Right) {
        _Myios::swap(_Right);
        _STD swap(_Chcount, _Right._Chcount);
    }

public:
    __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL basic_istream(const basic_istream&) = delete;
    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator=(const basic_istream&) = delete;

    virtual __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL ~basic_istream() noexcept {}

    using int_type = typename _Traits::int_type;
    using pos_type = typename _Traits::pos_type;
    using off_type = typename _Traits::off_type;

    // CLASS TEMPLATE sentry
    class _Sentry_base {
    public:
        __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL _Sentry_base(basic_istream& _Istr) : _Myistr(_Istr) {
            const auto _Rdbuf = _Myistr.rdbuf();
            if (_Rdbuf) {
                _Rdbuf->_Lock();
            }
        }

        __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL ~_Sentry_base() noexcept {
            const auto _Rdbuf = _Myistr.rdbuf();
            if (_Rdbuf) {
                _Rdbuf->_Unlock();
            }
        }

        basic_istream& _Myistr;

        _Sentry_base& operator=(const _Sentry_base&) = delete;
    };

    class sentry : public _Sentry_base {
    public:
        explicit __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL sentry(basic_istream& _Istr, bool _Noskip = false)
            : _Sentry_base(_Istr), _Ok(_Sentry_base::_Myistr._Ipfx(_Noskip)) {}

        explicit __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator bool() const {
            return _Ok;
        }

        __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL sentry(const sentry&) = delete;
        sentry& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator=(const sentry&) = delete;

    private:
        bool _Ok; // true if _Ipfx succeeded at construction
    };

    bool __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL _Ipfx(bool _Noskip = false) { // test stream state and skip whitespace as needed
        if (!this->good()) {
            _Myios::setstate(ios_base::failbit);
            return false;
        }

        // state okay, flush tied stream and skip whitespace
        const auto _Tied = _Myios::tie();
        if (_Tied) {
            _Tied->flush();
        }

        bool _Eof = false;
        if (!_Noskip && this->flags() & ios_base::skipws) { // skip whitespace
            const _Ctype& _Ctype_fac = _STD use_facet<_Ctype>(this->getloc());

            _TRY_IO_BEGIN
            int_type _Meta = _Myios::rdbuf()->sgetc();

            for (;; _Meta = _Myios::rdbuf()->snextc()) {
                if (_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(), _Meta)) { // end of file, quit
                    _Eof = true;
                    break;
                } else if (!_Ctype_fac.is(_Ctype::space, _Traits::to_char_type(_Meta))) {
                    break; // not whitespace, quit
                }
            }
            _CATCH_IO_END
        }

        if (_Eof) {
            _Myios::setstate(ios_base::eofbit | ios_base::failbit);
        }

        return this->good();
    }

    // TRANSITION, ABI: non-Standard ipfx() is preserved for binary compatibility
    bool __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL ipfx(bool _Noskip = false) { // test stream state and skip whitespace as needed
        return _Ipfx(_Noskip);
    }

    // TRANSITION, ABI: non-Standard isfx() is preserved for binary compatibility
    void __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL isfx() {} // perform any wrapup

#ifdef _M_CEE_PURE
    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(basic_istream&(__clrcall* _Pfn)(basic_istream&) ) {
        // call basic_istream manipulator
        return _Pfn(*this);
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(_Myios&(__clrcall* _Pfn)(_Myios&) ) { // call basic_ios manipulator
        _Pfn(*this);
        return *this;
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(ios_base&(__clrcall* _Pfn)(ios_base&) ) { // call ios_base manipulator
        _Pfn(*this);
        return *this;
    }
#endif // _M_CEE_PURE

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(basic_istream&(__cdecl* _Pfn)(basic_istream&) ) {
        // call basic_istream manipulator
        return _Pfn(*this);
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(_Myios&(__cdecl* _Pfn)(_Myios&) ) { // call basic_ios manipulator
        _Pfn(*this);
        return *this;
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(ios_base&(__cdecl* _Pfn)(ios_base&) ) { // call ios_base manipulator
        _Pfn(*this);
        return *this;
    }

private:
    template <class _Ty>
    basic_istream& _Common_extract_with_num_get(_Ty& _Val) { // formatted extract with num_get
        ios_base::iostate _Err = ios_base::goodbit;
        const sentry _Ok(*this);

        if (_Ok) { // state okay, use facet to extract
            _TRY_IO_BEGIN
            _STD use_facet<_Nget>(this->getloc()).get(*this, {}, *this, _Err, _Val);
            _CATCH_IO_END
        }

        _Myios::setstate(_Err);
        return *this;
    }

    template <class = void>
    void _Increment_gcount() {
        if (_Chcount != (numeric_limits<streamsize>::max) ()) {
            ++_Chcount;
        }
    }

public:
    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(bool& _Val) { // extract a boolean
        return _Common_extract_with_num_get(_Val);
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(short& _Val) { // extract a short
        ios_base::iostate _Err = ios_base::goodbit;
        const sentry _Ok(*this);

        if (_Ok) { // state okay, use facet to extract
            _TRY_IO_BEGIN
            long _Lval;
            _STD use_facet<_Nget>(this->getloc()).get(*this, {}, *this, _Err, _Lval);
            if (_Lval < SHRT_MIN) {
                _Err |= ios_base::failbit;
                _Val = SHRT_MIN;
            } else if (_Lval > SHRT_MAX) {
                _Err |= ios_base::failbit;
                _Val = SHRT_MAX;
            } else {
                _Val = static_cast<short>(_Lval);
            }
            _CATCH_IO_END
        }

        _Myios::setstate(_Err);
        return *this;
    }

    // NOTE:
    // If you are not using native wchar_t, the unsigned short extractor
    // is masked by an explicit specialization that treats an unsigned
    // short as a wide character.

    // To read or write unsigned shorts as integers with wchar_t streams,
    // make wchar_t a native type with the command line option /Zc:wchar_t.

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(unsigned short& _Val) { // extract an unsigned short
        return _Common_extract_with_num_get(_Val);
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(int& _Val) { // extract an int
        static_assert(sizeof(int) == sizeof(long), "Bad overflow assumptions due to sizeof(int) != sizeof(long)");
        long _Result = _Val;
        _Common_extract_with_num_get(_Result);
        _Val = _Result;
        return *this;
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(unsigned int& _Val) { // extract an unsigned int
        return _Common_extract_with_num_get(_Val);
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(long& _Val) { // extract a long
        return _Common_extract_with_num_get(_Val);
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(unsigned long& _Val) { // extract an unsigned long
        return _Common_extract_with_num_get(_Val);
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(long long& _Val) { // extract a long long
        return _Common_extract_with_num_get(_Val);
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(unsigned long long& _Val) { // extract an unsigned long long
        return _Common_extract_with_num_get(_Val);
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(float& _Val) { // extract a float
        return _Common_extract_with_num_get(_Val);
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(double& _Val) { // extract a double
        return _Common_extract_with_num_get(_Val);
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(long double& _Val) { // extract a long double
        return _Common_extract_with_num_get(_Val);
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(void*& _Val) { // extract a void pointer
        return _Common_extract_with_num_get(_Val);
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator>>(_Mysb* _Strbuf) { // extract until end-of-file into a stream buffer
        _Chcount = 0; // behaves as an unformatted input function
        const sentry _Ok(*this, true);
        ios_base::iostate _State = ios_base::goodbit;
        if (_Ok && _Strbuf) { // state okay, extract characters
            _TRY_IO_BEGIN
            for (int_type _Meta = _Myios::rdbuf()->sgetc();; _Meta = _Myios::rdbuf()->snextc()) {
                if (_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(), _Meta)) { // end of file, quit
                    _State |= ios_base::eofbit;
                    break;
                }
                // got a character, insert it into buffer
                _TRY_BEGIN
                if (_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(), _Strbuf->sputc(_Traits::to_char_type(_Meta)))) {
                    break;
                }

                _CATCH_ALL
                break;
                _CATCH_END

                _Increment_gcount();
            }
            _CATCH_IO_END
        }

        if (_Chcount == 0) { // If the function inserts no characters, it calls setstate(failbit)
            _State |= ios_base::failbit;
        }

        _Myios::setstate(_State);
        return *this;
    }

    int_type __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL get() { // extract a metacharacter
        int_type _Meta           = 0;
        ios_base::iostate _State = ios_base::goodbit;
        _Chcount                 = 0;
        const sentry _Ok(*this, true);

        if (!_Ok) {
            _Meta = _Traits::eof(); // state not okay, return EOF
        } else { // state okay, extract a character
            _TRY_IO_BEGIN
            _Meta = _Myios::rdbuf()->sgetc();

            if (_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(), _Meta)) {
                _State |= ios_base::eofbit | ios_base::failbit; // end of file
            } else { // got a character, count it
                _Myios::rdbuf()->sbumpc();
                _Chcount = 1;
            }
            _CATCH_IO_END
        }

        _Myios::setstate(_State);
        return _Meta;
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL get(_Elem* _Str, streamsize _Count) { // get up to _Count characters into NTCS
        return get(_Str, _Count, _Myios::widen('\n'));
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL get(
        _Elem* _Str, streamsize _Count, _Elem _Delim) { // get up to _Count characters into NTCS, stop before _Delim
        ios_base::iostate _State = ios_base::goodbit;
        _Chcount                 = 0;
        const sentry _Ok(*this, true);

        if (_Ok && 0 < _Count) { // state okay, extract characters
            _TRY_IO_BEGIN
            int_type _Meta = _Myios::rdbuf()->sgetc();

            for (; 0 < --_Count; _Meta = _Myios::rdbuf()->snextc()) {
                if (_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(), _Meta)) { // end of file, quit
                    _State |= ios_base::eofbit;
                    break;
                } else if (_Traits::to_char_type(_Meta) == _Delim) {
                    break; // got a delimiter, quit
                } else { // got a character, add it to string
                    *_Str++ = _Traits::to_char_type(_Meta);
                    _Increment_gcount();
                }
            }
            _CATCH_IO_END
        }

        _Myios::setstate(_Chcount == 0 ? _State | ios_base::failbit : _State);
        *_Str = _Elem(); // add terminating null character
        return *this;
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL get(_Elem& _Ch) { // get a character
        int_type _Meta = get();
        if (!_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(), _Meta)) {
            _Ch = _Traits::to_char_type(_Meta);
        }

        return *this;
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL get(_Mysb& _Strbuf) { // extract up to newline and insert into stream buffer
        return get(_Strbuf, _Myios::widen('\n'));
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL get(
        _Mysb& _Strbuf, _Elem _Delim) { // extract up to delimiter and insert into stream buffer
        ios_base::iostate _State = ios_base::goodbit;
        _Chcount                 = 0;
        const sentry _Ok(*this, true);

        if (_Ok) { // state okay, use facet to extract
            _TRY_IO_BEGIN
            int_type _Meta = _Myios::rdbuf()->sgetc();

            for (;; _Meta = _Myios::rdbuf()->snextc()) {
                if (_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(), _Meta)) { // end of file, quit
                    _State |= ios_base::eofbit;
                    break;
                } else { // got a character, insert it into stream buffer
                    _TRY_BEGIN
                    _Elem _Ch = _Traits::to_char_type(_Meta);
                    if (_Ch == _Delim || _Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(), _Strbuf.sputc(_Ch))) {
                        break;
                    }
                    _CATCH_ALL
                    break;
                    _CATCH_END
                    _Increment_gcount();
                }
            }
            _CATCH_IO_END
        }

        if (_Chcount == 0) {
            _State |= ios_base::failbit;
        }
        _Myios::setstate(_State);
        return *this;
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL getline(
        _Elem* _Str, streamsize _Count) { // get up to _Count characters into NTCS, discard newline
        return getline(_Str, _Count, _Myios::widen('\n'));
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL getline(
        _Elem* _Str, streamsize _Count, _Elem _Delim) { // get up to _Count characters into NTCS, discard _Delim
        ios_base::iostate _State = ios_base::goodbit;
        _Chcount                 = 0;
        const sentry _Ok(*this, true);

        if (_Ok && 0 < _Count) { // state okay, use facet to extract
            int_type _Metadelim = _Traits::to_int_type(_Delim);

            _TRY_IO_BEGIN
            int_type _Meta = _Myios::rdbuf()->sgetc();

            for (;; _Meta = _Myios::rdbuf()->snextc()) {
                if (_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(), _Meta)) { // end of file, quit
                    _State |= ios_base::eofbit;
                    break;
                } else if (_Meta == _Metadelim) { // got a delimiter, discard it and quit
                    _Increment_gcount();
                    _Myios::rdbuf()->sbumpc();
                    break;
                } else if (--_Count <= 0) { // buffer full, quit
                    _State |= ios_base::failbit;
                    break;
                } else { // got a character, add it to string
                    *_Str++ = _Traits::to_char_type(_Meta);
                    _Increment_gcount();
                }
            }
            _CATCH_IO_END
        }

        *_Str = _Elem(); // add terminating null character
        _Myios::setstate(_Chcount == 0 ? _State | ios_base::failbit : _State);
        return *this;
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL ignore(streamsize _Count = 1,
        int_type _Metadelim = _Traits::eof()) { // ignore up to _Count characters, discarding delimiter
        ios_base::iostate _State = ios_base::goodbit;
        _Chcount                 = 0;
        const sentry _Ok(*this, true);

        if (_Ok && 0 < _Count) { // state okay, use facet to extract
            _TRY_IO_BEGIN
            for (;;) { // get a metacharacter if more room in buffer
                int_type _Meta;
                if (_Count != (numeric_limits<streamsize>::max) () && --_Count < 0) {
                    break; // buffer full, quit
                } else if (_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(),
                               _Meta = _Myios::rdbuf()->sbumpc())) { // end of file, quit
                    _State |= ios_base::eofbit;
                    break;
                } else { // got a character, count it
                    _Increment_gcount();
                    if (_Meta == _Metadelim) {
                        break; // got a delimiter, quit
                    }
                }
            }
            _CATCH_IO_END
        }

        _Myios::setstate(_State);
        return *this;
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL read(_Elem* _Str, streamsize _Count) { // read up to _Count characters into buffer
        ios_base::iostate _State = ios_base::goodbit;
        _Chcount                 = 0;
        const sentry _Ok(*this, true);

        if (_Ok && 0 < _Count) { // state okay, use facet to extract
            _TRY_IO_BEGIN
            const streamsize _Num = _Myios::rdbuf()->sgetn(_Str, _Count);
            _Chcount              = _Num;

            if (_Num != _Count) {
                _State |= ios_base::eofbit | ios_base::failbit; // short read
            }
            _CATCH_IO_END
        }

        _Myios::setstate(_State);
        return *this;
    }

    streamsize __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL readsome(_Elem* _Str,
        streamsize _Count) { // read up to _Count characters into buffer, without blocking
        ios_base::iostate _State = ios_base::goodbit;
        _Chcount                 = 0;
        const sentry _Ok(*this, true);
        streamsize _Num;

        if (!_Ok) {
            _State |= ios_base::failbit; // no buffer, fail
        } else if ((_Num = _Myios::rdbuf()->in_avail()) < 0) {
            _State |= ios_base::eofbit; // no characters available
        } else if (0 < _Count && 0 < _Num) { // read available
            read(_Str, _Num < _Count ? _Num : _Count);
        }

        _Myios::setstate(_State);
        return gcount();
    }

    int_type __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL peek() {
        ios_base::iostate _State = ios_base::goodbit;
        _Chcount                 = 0;
        int_type _Meta           = 0;
        const sentry _Ok(*this, true);

        if (!_Ok) {
            _Meta = _Traits::eof(); // state not okay, return EOF
        } else { // state okay, read a character
            _TRY_IO_BEGIN
            if (_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(), _Meta = _Myios::rdbuf()->sgetc())) {
                _State |= ios_base::eofbit;
            }
            _CATCH_IO_END
        }

        _Myios::setstate(_State);
        return _Meta;
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL putback(_Elem _Ch) { // put back a character
        _Chcount                    = 0;
        ios_base::iostate _State    = ios_base::goodbit;
        ios_base::iostate _Oldstate = _Myios::rdstate();
        _Myios::clear(_Oldstate & ~ios_base::eofbit);
        const sentry _Ok(*this, true);

        if (_Ok) { // state okay, put character back
            _TRY_IO_BEGIN
            if (_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(), _Myios::rdbuf()->sputbackc(_Ch))) {
                _State |= ios_base::badbit | _Oldstate;
            }
            _CATCH_IO_END
        }

        _Myios::setstate(_State);
        return *this;
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL unget() { // put back last read character
        _Chcount                    = 0;
        ios_base::iostate _State    = ios_base::goodbit;
        ios_base::iostate _Oldstate = _Myios::rdstate();
        _Myios::clear(_Oldstate & ~ios_base::eofbit);
        const sentry _Ok(*this, true);

        if (_Ok) { // state okay, put character back
            _TRY_IO_BEGIN
            if (_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(), _Myios::rdbuf()->sungetc())) {
                _State |= ios_base::badbit | _Oldstate;
            }
            _CATCH_IO_END
        }

        _Myios::setstate(_State);
        return *this;
    }

    _NODISCARD streamsize __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL gcount() const { // get count from last extraction
        return _Chcount;
    }

    int __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL sync() { // synchronize with input source
        const sentry _Ok(*this, true);

        const auto _Rdbuf = _Myios::rdbuf();
        if (!_Rdbuf) {
            return -1;
        }

        bool _Sync_failed = true; // sync fails if an exception is thrown
        _TRY_IO_BEGIN
        _Sync_failed = _Rdbuf->pubsync() == -1;
        _CATCH_IO_END
        if (_Sync_failed) {
            _Myios::setstate(ios_base::badbit);
            return -1;
        }

        return 0;
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL seekg(pos_type _Pos) { // set input stream position to _Pos
        ios_base::iostate _State    = ios_base::goodbit;
        ios_base::iostate _Oldstate = _Myios::rdstate();
        _Myios::clear(_Oldstate & ~ios_base::eofbit);
        const sentry _Ok(*this, true);

        if (!this->fail() && static_cast<off_type>(_Myios::rdbuf()->pubseekpos(_Pos, ios_base::in)) == -1) {
            _Myios::setstate(_State | ios_base::failbit);
        }

        return *this;
    }

    basic_istream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL seekg(
        off_type _Off, ios_base::seekdir _Way) { // change input stream position by _Off, according to _Way
        ios_base::iostate _State    = ios_base::goodbit;
        ios_base::iostate _Oldstate = _Myios::rdstate();
        _Myios::clear(_Oldstate & ~ios_base::eofbit);
        const sentry _Ok(*this, true);

        if (!this->fail() && static_cast<off_type>(_Myios::rdbuf()->pubseekoff(_Off, _Way, ios_base::in)) == -1) {
            _Myios::setstate(_State | ios_base::failbit);
        }

        return *this;
    }

    pos_type __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL tellg() {
        const sentry _Ok(*this, true);

        if (!this->fail()) {
            return _Myios::rdbuf()->pubseekoff(0, ios_base::cur, ios_base::in);
        } else {
            return pos_type(-1);
        }
    }

private:
    streamsize _Chcount; // the character count
};

#pragma vtordisp(pop) // compiler bug workaround

#ifndef _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED
template <class _Elem, class _Traits>
basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& operator>>(basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& _Istr, _Elem& _Ch);

// NOTE:
// If you are not using native wchar_t, the following explicit
// specialization will mask the member function (above) that treats
// an unsigned short as an integer.

// To read or write unsigned shorts as integers with wchar_t streams,
// make wchar_t a native type with the command line option /Zc:wchar_t.

template <>
inline basic_istream<unsigned short, char_traits<unsigned short>>& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL basic_istream<unsigned short,
    char_traits<unsigned short>>::operator>>(unsigned short& _Ch) { // extract a character
    return _STD operator>>(*this, _Ch);
}
#endif // _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED

#if defined(_DLL_CPPLIB)

#if !defined(_CRTBLD) || defined(__FORCE_INSTANCE)
template class _CRTIMP2_PURE_IMPORT basic_istream<char, char_traits<char>>;
template class _CRTIMP2_PURE_IMPORT basic_istream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>>;
#endif // !defined(_CRTBLD) || defined(__FORCE_INSTANCE)

#ifdef __FORCE_INSTANCE
template class _CRTIMP2_PURE_IMPORT basic_istream<unsigned short, char_traits<unsigned short>>;
#endif // __FORCE_INSTANCE
#endif // defined(_DLL_CPPLIB)

// CLASS TEMPLATE basic_iostream
template <class _Elem, class _Traits>
class basic_iostream : public basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>,
                       public basic_ostream<_Elem, _Traits> { // control insertions and extractions from a stream buffer
public:
    using _Myis       = basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>;
    using _Myos       = basic_ostream<_Elem, _Traits>;
    using _Myios      = basic_ios<_Elem, _Traits>;
    using char_type   = _Elem;
    using traits_type = _Traits;
    using int_type    = typename _Traits::int_type;
    using pos_type    = typename _Traits::pos_type;
    using off_type    = typename _Traits::off_type;

    explicit __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL basic_iostream(basic_streambuf<_Elem, _Traits>* _Strbuf)
        : _Myis(_Strbuf, false), _Myos(_Noinit, false) {}

protected:
    __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL basic_iostream(basic_iostream&& _Right) : _Myis(_Right.rdbuf(), false), _Myos(_Noinit, false) {
        _Myios::init();
        _Myios::move(_STD move(_Right));
    }

    basic_iostream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator=(basic_iostream&& _Right) {
        this->swap(_Right);
        return *this;
    }

    void __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL swap(basic_iostream& _Right) {
        if (this != _STD addressof(_Right)) {
            _Myios::swap(_Right);
        }
    }

public:
    __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL basic_iostream(const basic_iostream&) = delete;
    basic_iostream& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator=(const basic_iostream&) = delete;

    virtual __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL ~basic_iostream() noexcept {}
};

#if defined(_DLL_CPPLIB)

#if !defined(_CRTBLD) || defined(__FORCE_INSTANCE)
template class _CRTIMP2_PURE_IMPORT basic_iostream<char, char_traits<char>>;
template class _CRTIMP2_PURE_IMPORT basic_iostream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>>;
#endif // !defined(_CRTBLD) || defined(__FORCE_INSTANCE)

#ifdef __FORCE_INSTANCE
template class _CRTIMP2_PURE_IMPORT basic_iostream<unsigned short, char_traits<unsigned short>>;
#endif // __FORCE_INSTANCE
#endif // defined(_DLL_CPPLIB)

// EXTRACTORS

template <class _Elem, class _Traits>
basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& _Istream_extract_into_buffer(
    basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& _Istr, size_t _Size, _Elem* _Str) {
    using _Myis              = basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>;
    using _Ctype             = ctype<_Elem>;
    ios_base::iostate _State = ios_base::goodbit;
    size_t _Current          = 0;
    const typename _Myis::sentry _Ok(_Istr);

    if (_Ok) { // state okay, extract characters
        const _Ctype& _Ctype_fac = _STD use_facet<_Ctype>(_Istr.getloc());

        _TRY_IO_BEGIN
        size_t _Count       = _Size;
        const size_t _Width = static_cast<size_t>(_Istr.width());
        if (_Width > 0 && _Width < _Size) {
            _Count = _Width;
        }

        typename _Myis::int_type _Meta = _Istr.rdbuf()->sgetc();
        _Elem _Ch;

        for (; _Current < _Count - 1; _Meta = _Istr.rdbuf()->snextc(), (void) ++_Current) {
            if (_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(), _Meta)) { // end of file, quit
                _State |= ios_base::eofbit;
                break;
            } else if (_Ctype_fac.is(_Ctype::space, _Ch = _Traits::to_char_type(_Meta)) || _Ch == _Elem()) {
                break; // whitespace or nul, quit
            } else {
                _Str[_Current] = _Traits::to_char_type(_Meta); // add it to string
            }
        }
        _CATCH_IO_(ios_base, _Istr)
    }
    __analysis_assume(static_cast<size_t>(_Current) < _Size); // TRANSITION, VSO-860375
    _Str[_Current] = _Elem(); // add terminating null character
    _Istr.width(0);
    if (_Current == 0) {
        _State |= ios_base::failbit;
    }
    _Istr.setstate(_State);
    return _Istr;
}

#if _HAS_CXX20 // P0487R1 Fixing operator>>(basic_istream&, CharT*)
#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable : 6001) // Using uninitialized memory '_Str'.
template <class _Elem, class _Traits, size_t _Size>
basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& operator>>(
    basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& _Istr, _Out_writes_z_(_Size) _Elem (&_Str)[_Size]) {
    return _Istream_extract_into_buffer(_Istr, _Size, _Str);
}

template <class _Traits, size_t _Size>
basic_istream<char, _Traits>& operator>>(
    basic_istream<char, _Traits>& _Istr, _Out_writes_z_(_Size) signed char (&_Str)[_Size]) {
    return _Istream_extract_into_buffer(_Istr, _Size, reinterpret_cast<char*>(_Str));
}

template <class _Traits, size_t _Size>
basic_istream<char, _Traits>& operator>>(
    basic_istream<char, _Traits>& _Istr, _Out_writes_z_(_Size) unsigned char (&_Str)[_Size]) {
    return _Istream_extract_into_buffer(_Istr, _Size, reinterpret_cast<char*>(_Str));
}
#pragma warning(pop)
#else // _HAS_CXX20
template <class _Elem, class _Traits>
basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& operator>>(basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& _Istr, _Elem* _Str) {
    return _Istream_extract_into_buffer(_Istr, SIZE_MAX, _Str);
}

template <class _Traits>
basic_istream<char, _Traits>& operator>>(basic_istream<char, _Traits>& _Istr, signed char* _Str) {
    return _Istream_extract_into_buffer(_Istr, SIZE_MAX, reinterpret_cast<char*>(_Str));
}

template <class _Traits>
basic_istream<char, _Traits>& operator>>(basic_istream<char, _Traits>& _Istr, unsigned char* _Str) {
    return _Istream_extract_into_buffer(_Istr, SIZE_MAX, reinterpret_cast<char*>(_Str));
}
#endif // _HAS_CXX20

template <class _Elem, class _Traits>
basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& operator>>(basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& _Istr, _Elem& _Ch) { // extract a character
    using _Myis = basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>;

    typename _Myis::int_type _Meta;
    ios_base::iostate _State = ios_base::goodbit;
    const typename _Myis::sentry _Ok(_Istr);

    if (_Ok) { // state okay, extract characters
        _TRY_IO_BEGIN
        _Meta = _Istr.rdbuf()->sbumpc();
        if (_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(), _Meta)) {
            _State |= ios_base::eofbit | ios_base::failbit; // end of file
        } else {
            _Ch = _Traits::to_char_type(_Meta); // got a character
        }
        _CATCH_IO_(ios_base, _Istr)
    }

    _Istr.setstate(_State);
    return _Istr;
}

template <class _Traits>
basic_istream<char, _Traits>& operator>>(
    basic_istream<char, _Traits>& _Istr, signed char& _Ch) { // extract a signed char
    return _Istr >> reinterpret_cast<char&>(_Ch);
}

template <class _Traits>
basic_istream<char, _Traits>& operator>>(
    basic_istream<char, _Traits>& _Istr, unsigned char& _Ch) { // extract an unsigned char
    return _Istr >> reinterpret_cast<char&>(_Ch);
}

template <class _Istr, class _Ty, class = void>
struct _Can_stream_in : false_type {};

template <class _Istr, class _Ty>
struct _Can_stream_in<_Istr, _Ty, void_t<decltype(_STD declval<_Istr&>() >> _STD declval<_Ty>())>> : true_type {};

template <class _Istr, class _Ty,
    enable_if_t<conjunction_v<is_convertible<_Istr*, ios_base*>, _Can_stream_in<_Istr, _Ty>>, int> = 0>
_Istr&& operator>>(_Istr&& _Is, _Ty&& _Val) { // extract from rvalue stream
    _Is >> _STD forward<_Ty>(_Val);
    return _STD move(_Is);
}

// MANIPULATORS
template <class _Elem, class _Traits>
basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& __CLRCALL_OR_CDECL ws(basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& _Istr) { // consume whitespace
    const typename basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>::sentry _Ok(_Istr, true);

    if (_Ok) { // state okay, extract characters
        ios_base::iostate _State = ios_base::goodbit;
        const auto& _Ctype_fac   = _STD use_facet<ctype<_Elem>>(_Istr.getloc());

        _TRY_IO_BEGIN
        for (typename _Traits::int_type _Meta = _Istr.rdbuf()->sgetc();; _Meta = _Istr.rdbuf()->snextc()) {
            if (_Traits::eq_int_type(_Traits::eof(), _Meta)) { // end of file, quit
                _State |= ios_base::eofbit;
                break;
            } else if (!_Ctype_fac.is(ctype<_Elem>::space, _Traits::to_char_type(_Meta))) {
                break; // not whitespace, quit
            }
        }
        _CATCH_IO_(ios_base, _Istr)
        _Istr.setstate(_State);
    }

    return _Istr;
}
_STD_END

#pragma pop_macro("new")
_STL_RESTORE_CLANG_WARNINGS
#pragma warning(pop)
#pragma pack(pop)
#endif // _STL_COMPILER_PREPROCESSOR
#endif // _ISTREAM_