60 строки
2.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
60 строки
2.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
|
Tainted kernels
|
||
|
|
---------------
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Some oops reports contain the string **'Tainted: '** after the program
|
||
|
|
counter. This indicates that the kernel has been tainted by some
|
||
|
|
mechanism. The string is followed by a series of position-sensitive
|
||
|
|
characters, each representing a particular tainted value.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
1) 'G' if all modules loaded have a GPL or compatible license, 'P' if
|
||
|
|
any proprietary module has been loaded. Modules without a
|
||
|
|
MODULE_LICENSE or with a MODULE_LICENSE that is not recognised by
|
||
|
|
insmod as GPL compatible are assumed to be proprietary.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
2) ``F`` if any module was force loaded by ``insmod -f``, ``' '`` if all
|
||
|
|
modules were loaded normally.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
3) ``S`` if the oops occurred on an SMP kernel running on hardware that
|
||
|
|
hasn't been certified as safe to run multiprocessor.
|
||
|
|
Currently this occurs only on various Athlons that are not
|
||
|
|
SMP capable.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
4) ``R`` if a module was force unloaded by ``rmmod -f``, ``' '`` if all
|
||
|
|
modules were unloaded normally.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
5) ``M`` if any processor has reported a Machine Check Exception,
|
||
|
|
``' '`` if no Machine Check Exceptions have occurred.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
6) ``B`` if a page-release function has found a bad page reference or
|
||
|
|
some unexpected page flags.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
7) ``U`` if a user or user application specifically requested that the
|
||
|
|
Tainted flag be set, ``' '`` otherwise.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
8) ``D`` if the kernel has died recently, i.e. there was an OOPS or BUG.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
9) ``A`` if the ACPI table has been overridden.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
10) ``W`` if a warning has previously been issued by the kernel.
|
||
|
|
(Though some warnings may set more specific taint flags.)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
11) ``C`` if a staging driver has been loaded.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
12) ``I`` if the kernel is working around a severe bug in the platform
|
||
|
|
firmware (BIOS or similar).
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
13) ``O`` if an externally-built ("out-of-tree") module has been loaded.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
14) ``E`` if an unsigned module has been loaded in a kernel supporting
|
||
|
|
module signature.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
15) ``L`` if a soft lockup has previously occurred on the system.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
16) ``K`` if the kernel has been live patched.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The primary reason for the **'Tainted: '** string is to tell kernel
|
||
|
|
debuggers if this is a clean kernel or if anything unusual has
|
||
|
|
occurred. Tainting is permanent: even if an offending module is
|
||
|
|
unloaded, the tainted value remains to indicate that the kernel is not
|
||
|
|
trustworthy.
|