WSL2-Linux-Kernel/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h

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/*
* Helper macros to support writing architecture specific
* linker scripts.
*
* A minimal linker scripts has following content:
* [This is a sample, architectures may have special requiriements]
*
* OUTPUT_FORMAT(...)
* OUTPUT_ARCH(...)
* ENTRY(...)
* SECTIONS
* {
* . = START;
* __init_begin = .;
* HEAD_TEXT_SECTION
* INIT_TEXT_SECTION(PAGE_SIZE)
* INIT_DATA_SECTION(...)
* PERCPU_SECTION(CACHELINE_SIZE)
* __init_end = .;
*
* _stext = .;
* TEXT_SECTION = 0
* _etext = .;
*
* _sdata = .;
* RO_DATA(PAGE_SIZE)
* RW_DATA(...)
* _edata = .;
*
* EXCEPTION_TABLE(...)
*
vmlinux.lds.h: restructure BSS linker script macros The BSS section macros in vmlinux.lds.h currently place the .sbss input section outside the bounds of [__bss_start, __bss_end]. On all architectures except for microblaze that handle both .sbss and __bss_start/__bss_end, this is wrong: the .sbss input section is within the range [__bss_start, __bss_end]. Relatedly, the example code at the top of the file actually has __bss_start/__bss_end defined twice; I believe the right fix here is to define them in the BSS_SECTION macro but not in the BSS macro. Another problem with the current macros is that several architectures have an ALIGN(4) or some other small number just before __bss_stop in their linker scripts. The BSS_SECTION macro currently hardcodes this to 4; while it should really be an argument. It also ignores its sbss_align argument; fix that. mn10300 is the only user at present of any of the macros touched by this patch. It looks like mn10300 actually was incorrectly converted to use the new BSS() macro (the alignment of 4 prior to conversion was a __bss_stop alignment, but the argument to the BSS macro is a start alignment). So fix this as well. I'd like acks from Sam and David on this one. Also CCing Paul, since he has a patch from me which will need to be updated to use BSS_SECTION(0, PAGE_SIZE, 4) once this gets merged. Signed-off-by: Tim Abbott <tabbott@ksplice.com> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2009-07-13 02:23:33 +04:00
* BSS_SECTION(0, 0, 0)
* _end = .;
*
* STABS_DEBUG
* DWARF_DEBUG
* ELF_DETAILS
*
* DISCARDS // must be the last
* }
*
* [__init_begin, __init_end] is the init section that may be freed after init
* // __init_begin and __init_end should be page aligned, so that we can
* // free the whole .init memory
* [_stext, _etext] is the text section
* [_sdata, _edata] is the data section
*
* Some of the included output section have their own set of constants.
* Examples are: [__initramfs_start, __initramfs_end] for initramfs and
* [__nosave_begin, __nosave_end] for the nosave data
*/
#ifndef LOAD_OFFSET
#define LOAD_OFFSET 0
#endif
/*
* Only some architectures want to have the .notes segment visible in
* a separate PT_NOTE ELF Program Header. When this happens, it needs
* to be visible in both the kernel text's PT_LOAD and the PT_NOTE
* Program Headers. In this case, though, the PT_LOAD needs to be made
* the default again so that all the following sections don't also end
* up in the PT_NOTE Program Header.
*/
#ifdef EMITS_PT_NOTE
#define NOTES_HEADERS :text :note
#define NOTES_HEADERS_RESTORE __restore_ph : { *(.__restore_ph) } :text
#else
#define NOTES_HEADERS
#define NOTES_HEADERS_RESTORE
#endif
/*
* Some architectures have non-executable read-only exception tables.
* They can be added to the RO_DATA segment by specifying their desired
* alignment.
*/
#ifdef RO_EXCEPTION_TABLE_ALIGN
#define RO_EXCEPTION_TABLE EXCEPTION_TABLE(RO_EXCEPTION_TABLE_ALIGN)
#else
#define RO_EXCEPTION_TABLE
#endif
/* Align . to a 8 byte boundary equals to maximum function alignment. */
#define ALIGN_FUNCTION() . = ALIGN(8)
/*
* LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION option enables -fdata-sections, which
* generates .data.identifier sections, which need to be pulled in with
* .data. We don't want to pull in .data..other sections, which Linux
* has defined. Same for text and bss.
*
kbuild: add support for Clang LTO This change adds build system support for Clang's Link Time Optimization (LTO). With -flto, instead of ELF object files, Clang produces LLVM bitcode, which is compiled into native code at link time, allowing the final binary to be optimized globally. For more details, see: https://llvm.org/docs/LinkTimeOptimization.html The Kconfig option CONFIG_LTO_CLANG is implemented as a choice, which defaults to LTO being disabled. To use LTO, the architecture must select ARCH_SUPPORTS_LTO_CLANG and support: - compiling with Clang, - compiling all assembly code with Clang's integrated assembler, - and linking with LLD. While using CONFIG_LTO_CLANG_FULL results in the best runtime performance, the compilation is not scalable in time or memory. CONFIG_LTO_CLANG_THIN enables ThinLTO, which allows parallel optimization and faster incremental builds. ThinLTO is used by default if the architecture also selects ARCH_SUPPORTS_LTO_CLANG_THIN: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ThinLTO.html To enable LTO, LLVM tools must be used to handle bitcode files, by passing LLVM=1 and LLVM_IAS=1 options to make: $ make LLVM=1 LLVM_IAS=1 defconfig $ scripts/config -e LTO_CLANG_THIN $ make LLVM=1 LLVM_IAS=1 To prepare for LTO support with other compilers, common parts are gated behind the CONFIG_LTO option, and LTO can be disabled for specific files by filtering out CC_FLAGS_LTO. Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201211184633.3213045-3-samitolvanen@google.com
2020-12-11 21:46:19 +03:00
* With LTO_CLANG, the linker also splits sections by default, so we need
* these macros to combine the sections during the final link.
*
* RODATA_MAIN is not used because existing code already defines .rodata.x
* sections to be brought in with rodata.
*/
kbuild: add support for Clang LTO This change adds build system support for Clang's Link Time Optimization (LTO). With -flto, instead of ELF object files, Clang produces LLVM bitcode, which is compiled into native code at link time, allowing the final binary to be optimized globally. For more details, see: https://llvm.org/docs/LinkTimeOptimization.html The Kconfig option CONFIG_LTO_CLANG is implemented as a choice, which defaults to LTO being disabled. To use LTO, the architecture must select ARCH_SUPPORTS_LTO_CLANG and support: - compiling with Clang, - compiling all assembly code with Clang's integrated assembler, - and linking with LLD. While using CONFIG_LTO_CLANG_FULL results in the best runtime performance, the compilation is not scalable in time or memory. CONFIG_LTO_CLANG_THIN enables ThinLTO, which allows parallel optimization and faster incremental builds. ThinLTO is used by default if the architecture also selects ARCH_SUPPORTS_LTO_CLANG_THIN: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ThinLTO.html To enable LTO, LLVM tools must be used to handle bitcode files, by passing LLVM=1 and LLVM_IAS=1 options to make: $ make LLVM=1 LLVM_IAS=1 defconfig $ scripts/config -e LTO_CLANG_THIN $ make LLVM=1 LLVM_IAS=1 To prepare for LTO support with other compilers, common parts are gated behind the CONFIG_LTO option, and LTO can be disabled for specific files by filtering out CC_FLAGS_LTO. Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201211184633.3213045-3-samitolvanen@google.com
2020-12-11 21:46:19 +03:00
#if defined(CONFIG_LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION) || defined(CONFIG_LTO_CLANG)
#define TEXT_MAIN .text .text.[0-9a-zA-Z_]*
vmlinux.lds.h: catch even more instrumentation symbols into .data LKP caught another bunch of orphaned instrumentation symbols [0]: mipsel-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.data.$LPBX1' from `init/main.o' being placed in section `.data.$LPBX1' mipsel-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.data.$LPBX0' from `init/main.o' being placed in section `.data.$LPBX0' mipsel-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.data.$LPBX1' from `init/do_mounts.o' being placed in section `.data.$LPBX1' mipsel-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.data.$LPBX0' from `init/do_mounts.o' being placed in section `.data.$LPBX0' mipsel-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.data.$LPBX1' from `init/do_mounts_initrd.o' being placed in section `.data.$LPBX1' mipsel-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.data.$LPBX0' from `init/do_mounts_initrd.o' being placed in section `.data.$LPBX0' mipsel-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.data.$LPBX1' from `init/initramfs.o' being placed in section `.data.$LPBX1' mipsel-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.data.$LPBX0' from `init/initramfs.o' being placed in section `.data.$LPBX0' mipsel-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.data.$LPBX1' from `init/calibrate.o' being placed in section `.data.$LPBX1' mipsel-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.data.$LPBX0' from `init/calibrate.o' being placed in section `.data.$LPBX0' [...] Soften the wildcard to .data.$L* to grab these ones into .data too. [0] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/202102231519.lWPLPveV-lkp@intel.com Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Alexander Lobakin <alobakin@pm.me> Signed-off-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
2021-02-23 14:36:21 +03:00
#define DATA_MAIN .data .data.[0-9a-zA-Z_]* .data..L* .data..compoundliteral* .data.$__unnamed_* .data.$L*
#define SDATA_MAIN .sdata .sdata.[0-9a-zA-Z_]*
#define RODATA_MAIN .rodata .rodata.[0-9a-zA-Z_]* .rodata..L*
#define BSS_MAIN .bss .bss.[0-9a-zA-Z_]* .bss..compoundliteral*
#define SBSS_MAIN .sbss .sbss.[0-9a-zA-Z_]*
#else
#define TEXT_MAIN .text
#define DATA_MAIN .data
#define SDATA_MAIN .sdata
#define RODATA_MAIN .rodata
#define BSS_MAIN .bss
#define SBSS_MAIN .sbss
#endif
/*
* GCC 4.5 and later have a 32 bytes section alignment for structures.
* Except GCC 4.9, that feels the need to align on 64 bytes.
*/
#if __GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ == 9
#define STRUCT_ALIGNMENT 64
#else
#define STRUCT_ALIGNMENT 32
#endif
#define STRUCT_ALIGN() . = ALIGN(STRUCT_ALIGNMENT)
/*
* The order of the sched class addresses are important, as they are
* used to determine the order of the priority of each sched class in
* relation to each other.
*/
#define SCHED_DATA \
STRUCT_ALIGN(); \
__begin_sched_classes = .; \
*(__idle_sched_class) \
*(__fair_sched_class) \
*(__rt_sched_class) \
*(__dl_sched_class) \
*(__stop_sched_class) \
__end_sched_classes = .;
/* The actual configuration determine if the init/exit sections
* are handled as text/data or they can be discarded (which
* often happens at runtime)
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
#define CPU_KEEP(sec) *(.cpu##sec)
#define CPU_DISCARD(sec)
#else
#define CPU_KEEP(sec)
#define CPU_DISCARD(sec) *(.cpu##sec)
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG)
#define MEM_KEEP(sec) *(.mem##sec)
#define MEM_DISCARD(sec)
#else
#define MEM_KEEP(sec)
#define MEM_DISCARD(sec) *(.mem##sec)
#endif
ftrace: create __mcount_loc section This patch creates a section in the kernel called "__mcount_loc". This will hold a list of pointers to the mcount relocation for each call site of mcount. For example: objdump -dr init/main.o [...] Disassembly of section .text: 0000000000000000 <do_one_initcall>: 0: 55 push %rbp [...] 000000000000017b <init_post>: 17b: 55 push %rbp 17c: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp 17f: 53 push %rbx 180: 48 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%rsp 184: e8 00 00 00 00 callq 189 <init_post+0xe> 185: R_X86_64_PC32 mcount+0xfffffffffffffffc [...] We will add a section to point to each function call. .section __mcount_loc,"a",@progbits [...] .quad .text + 0x185 [...] The offset to of the mcount call site in init_post is an offset from the start of the section, and not the start of the function init_post. The mcount relocation is at the call site 0x185 from the start of the .text section. .text + 0x185 == init_post + 0xa We need a way to add this __mcount_loc section in a way that we do not lose the relocations after final link. The .text section here will be attached to all other .text sections after final link and the offsets will be meaningless. We need to keep track of where these .text sections are. To do this, we use the start of the first function in the section. do_one_initcall. We can make a tmp.s file with this function as a reference to the start of the .text section. .section __mcount_loc,"a",@progbits [...] .quad do_one_initcall + 0x185 [...] Then we can compile the tmp.s into a tmp.o gcc -c tmp.s -o tmp.o And link it into back into main.o. ld -r main.o tmp.o -o tmp_main.o mv tmp_main.o main.o But we have a problem. What happens if the first function in a section is not exported, and is a static function. The linker will not let the tmp.o use it. This case exists in main.o as well. Disassembly of section .init.text: 0000000000000000 <set_reset_devices>: 0: 55 push %rbp 1: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp 4: e8 00 00 00 00 callq 9 <set_reset_devices+0x9> 5: R_X86_64_PC32 mcount+0xfffffffffffffffc The first function in .init.text is a static function. 00000000000000a8 t __setup_set_reset_devices 000000000000105f t __setup_str_set_reset_devices 0000000000000000 t set_reset_devices The lowercase 't' means that set_reset_devices is local and is not exported. If we simply try to link the tmp.o with the set_reset_devices we end up with two symbols: one local and one global. .section __mcount_loc,"a",@progbits .quad set_reset_devices + 0x10 00000000000000a8 t __setup_set_reset_devices 000000000000105f t __setup_str_set_reset_devices 0000000000000000 t set_reset_devices U set_reset_devices We still have an undefined reference to set_reset_devices, and if we try to compile the kernel, we will end up with an undefined reference to set_reset_devices, or even worst, it could be exported someplace else, and then we will have a reference to the wrong location. To handle this case, we make an intermediate step using objcopy. We convert set_reset_devices into a global exported symbol before linking it with tmp.o and set it back afterwards. 00000000000000a8 t __setup_set_reset_devices 000000000000105f t __setup_str_set_reset_devices 0000000000000000 T set_reset_devices 00000000000000a8 t __setup_set_reset_devices 000000000000105f t __setup_str_set_reset_devices 0000000000000000 T set_reset_devices 00000000000000a8 t __setup_set_reset_devices 000000000000105f t __setup_str_set_reset_devices 0000000000000000 t set_reset_devices Now we have a section in main.o called __mcount_loc that we can place somewhere in the kernel using vmlinux.ld.S and access it to convert all these locations that call mcount into nops before starting SMP and thus, eliminating the need to do this with kstop_machine. Note, A well documented perl script (scripts/recordmcount.pl) is used to do all this in one location. Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-08-14 23:45:07 +04:00
#ifdef CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD
module/ftrace: handle patchable-function-entry When using patchable-function-entry, the compiler will record the callsites into a section named "__patchable_function_entries" rather than "__mcount_loc". Let's abstract this difference behind a new FTRACE_CALLSITE_SECTION, so that architectures don't have to handle this explicitly (e.g. with custom module linker scripts). As parisc currently handles this explicitly, it is fixed up accordingly, with its custom linker script removed. Since FTRACE_CALLSITE_SECTION is only defined when DYNAMIC_FTRACE is selected, the parisc module loading code is updated to only use the definition in that case. When DYNAMIC_FTRACE is not selected, modules shouldn't have this section, so this removes some redundant work in that case. To make sure that this is keep up-to-date for modules and the main kernel, a comment is added to vmlinux.lds.h, with the existing ifdeffery simplified for legibility. I built parisc generic-{32,64}bit_defconfig with DYNAMIC_FTRACE enabled, and verified that the section made it into the .ko files for modules. Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Acked-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Torsten Duwe <duwe@suse.de> Tested-by: Amit Daniel Kachhap <amit.kachhap@arm.com> Tested-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@stackframe.org> Tested-by: Torsten Duwe <duwe@suse.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: James E.J. Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com> Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org> Cc: linux-parisc@vger.kernel.org
2019-10-16 20:17:11 +03:00
/*
* The ftrace call sites are logged to a section whose name depends on the
* compiler option used. A given kernel image will only use one, AKA
* FTRACE_CALLSITE_SECTION. We capture all of them here to avoid header
* dependencies for FTRACE_CALLSITE_SECTION's definition.
New tracing features: - PERAMAENT flag to ftrace_ops when attaching a callback to a function As /proc/sys/kernel/ftrace_enabled when set to zero will disable all attached callbacks in ftrace, this has a detrimental impact on live kernel tracing, as it disables all that it patched. If a ftrace_ops is registered to ftrace with the PERMANENT flag set, it will prevent ftrace_enabled from being disabled, and if ftrace_enabled is already disabled, it will prevent a ftrace_ops with PREMANENT flag set from being registered. - New register_ftrace_direct(). As eBPF would like to register its own trampolines to be called by the ftrace nop locations directly, without going through the ftrace trampoline, this function has been added. This allows for eBPF trampolines to live along side of ftrace, perf, kprobe and live patching. It also utilizes the ftrace enabled_functions file that keeps track of functions that have been modified in the kernel, to allow for security auditing. - Allow for kernel internal use of ftrace instances. Subsystems in the kernel can now create and destroy their own tracing instances which allows them to have their own tracing buffer, and be able to record events without worrying about other users from writing over their data. - New seq_buf_hex_dump() that lets users use the hex_dump() in their seq_buf usage. - Notifications now added to tracing_max_latency to allow user space to know when a new max latency is hit by one of the latency tracers. - Wider spread use of generic compare operations for use of bsearch and friends. - More synthetic event fields may be defined (32 up from 16) - Use of xarray for architectures with sparse system calls, for the system call trace events. This along with small clean ups and fixes. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iIoEABYIADIWIQRRSw7ePDh/lE+zeZMp5XQQmuv6qgUCXdwv4BQccm9zdGVkdEBn b29kbWlzLm9yZwAKCRAp5XQQmuv6qnB5AP91vsdHQjwE1+/UWG/cO+qFtKvn2QJK QmBRIJNH/s+1TAD/fAOhgw+ojSK3o/qc+NpvPTEW9AEwcJL1wacJUn+XbQc= =ztql -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'trace-v5.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace Pull tracing updates from Steven Rostedt: "New tracing features: - New PERMANENT flag to ftrace_ops when attaching a callback to a function. As /proc/sys/kernel/ftrace_enabled when set to zero will disable all attached callbacks in ftrace, this has a detrimental impact on live kernel tracing, as it disables all that it patched. If a ftrace_ops is registered to ftrace with the PERMANENT flag set, it will prevent ftrace_enabled from being disabled, and if ftrace_enabled is already disabled, it will prevent a ftrace_ops with PREMANENT flag set from being registered. - New register_ftrace_direct(). As eBPF would like to register its own trampolines to be called by the ftrace nop locations directly, without going through the ftrace trampoline, this function has been added. This allows for eBPF trampolines to live along side of ftrace, perf, kprobe and live patching. It also utilizes the ftrace enabled_functions file that keeps track of functions that have been modified in the kernel, to allow for security auditing. - Allow for kernel internal use of ftrace instances. Subsystems in the kernel can now create and destroy their own tracing instances which allows them to have their own tracing buffer, and be able to record events without worrying about other users from writing over their data. - New seq_buf_hex_dump() that lets users use the hex_dump() in their seq_buf usage. - Notifications now added to tracing_max_latency to allow user space to know when a new max latency is hit by one of the latency tracers. - Wider spread use of generic compare operations for use of bsearch and friends. - More synthetic event fields may be defined (32 up from 16) - Use of xarray for architectures with sparse system calls, for the system call trace events. This along with small clean ups and fixes" * tag 'trace-v5.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace: (51 commits) tracing: Enable syscall optimization for MIPS tracing: Use xarray for syscall trace events tracing: Sample module to demonstrate kernel access to Ftrace instances. tracing: Adding new functions for kernel access to Ftrace instances tracing: Fix Kconfig indentation ring-buffer: Fix typos in function ring_buffer_producer ftrace: Use BIT() macro ftrace: Return ENOTSUPP when DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_DIRECT_CALLS is not configured ftrace: Rename ftrace_graph_stub to ftrace_stub_graph ftrace: Add a helper function to modify_ftrace_direct() to allow arch optimization ftrace: Add helper find_direct_entry() to consolidate code ftrace: Add another check for match in register_ftrace_direct() ftrace: Fix accounting bug with direct->count in register_ftrace_direct() ftrace/selftests: Fix spelling mistake "wakeing" -> "waking" tracing: Increase SYNTH_FIELDS_MAX for synthetic_events ftrace/samples: Add a sample module that implements modify_ftrace_direct() ftrace: Add modify_ftrace_direct() tracing: Add missing "inline" in stub function of latency_fsnotify() tracing: Remove stray tab in TRACE_EVAL_MAP_FILE's help text tracing: Use seq_buf_hex_dump() to dump buffers ...
2019-11-27 22:42:01 +03:00
*
* Need to also make ftrace_stub_graph point to ftrace_stub
* so that the same stub location may have different protocols
* and not mess up with C verifiers.
module/ftrace: handle patchable-function-entry When using patchable-function-entry, the compiler will record the callsites into a section named "__patchable_function_entries" rather than "__mcount_loc". Let's abstract this difference behind a new FTRACE_CALLSITE_SECTION, so that architectures don't have to handle this explicitly (e.g. with custom module linker scripts). As parisc currently handles this explicitly, it is fixed up accordingly, with its custom linker script removed. Since FTRACE_CALLSITE_SECTION is only defined when DYNAMIC_FTRACE is selected, the parisc module loading code is updated to only use the definition in that case. When DYNAMIC_FTRACE is not selected, modules shouldn't have this section, so this removes some redundant work in that case. To make sure that this is keep up-to-date for modules and the main kernel, a comment is added to vmlinux.lds.h, with the existing ifdeffery simplified for legibility. I built parisc generic-{32,64}bit_defconfig with DYNAMIC_FTRACE enabled, and verified that the section made it into the .ko files for modules. Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Acked-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Torsten Duwe <duwe@suse.de> Tested-by: Amit Daniel Kachhap <amit.kachhap@arm.com> Tested-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@stackframe.org> Tested-by: Torsten Duwe <duwe@suse.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: James E.J. Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com> Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org> Cc: linux-parisc@vger.kernel.org
2019-10-16 20:17:11 +03:00
*/
#define MCOUNT_REC() . = ALIGN(8); \
__start_mcount_loc = .; \
KEEP(*(__mcount_loc)) \
module/ftrace: handle patchable-function-entry When using patchable-function-entry, the compiler will record the callsites into a section named "__patchable_function_entries" rather than "__mcount_loc". Let's abstract this difference behind a new FTRACE_CALLSITE_SECTION, so that architectures don't have to handle this explicitly (e.g. with custom module linker scripts). As parisc currently handles this explicitly, it is fixed up accordingly, with its custom linker script removed. Since FTRACE_CALLSITE_SECTION is only defined when DYNAMIC_FTRACE is selected, the parisc module loading code is updated to only use the definition in that case. When DYNAMIC_FTRACE is not selected, modules shouldn't have this section, so this removes some redundant work in that case. To make sure that this is keep up-to-date for modules and the main kernel, a comment is added to vmlinux.lds.h, with the existing ifdeffery simplified for legibility. I built parisc generic-{32,64}bit_defconfig with DYNAMIC_FTRACE enabled, and verified that the section made it into the .ko files for modules. Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Acked-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Torsten Duwe <duwe@suse.de> Tested-by: Amit Daniel Kachhap <amit.kachhap@arm.com> Tested-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@stackframe.org> Tested-by: Torsten Duwe <duwe@suse.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: James E.J. Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com> Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org> Cc: linux-parisc@vger.kernel.org
2019-10-16 20:17:11 +03:00
KEEP(*(__patchable_function_entries)) \
__stop_mcount_loc = .; \
ftrace_stub_graph = ftrace_stub;
ftrace: create __mcount_loc section This patch creates a section in the kernel called "__mcount_loc". This will hold a list of pointers to the mcount relocation for each call site of mcount. For example: objdump -dr init/main.o [...] Disassembly of section .text: 0000000000000000 <do_one_initcall>: 0: 55 push %rbp [...] 000000000000017b <init_post>: 17b: 55 push %rbp 17c: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp 17f: 53 push %rbx 180: 48 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%rsp 184: e8 00 00 00 00 callq 189 <init_post+0xe> 185: R_X86_64_PC32 mcount+0xfffffffffffffffc [...] We will add a section to point to each function call. .section __mcount_loc,"a",@progbits [...] .quad .text + 0x185 [...] The offset to of the mcount call site in init_post is an offset from the start of the section, and not the start of the function init_post. The mcount relocation is at the call site 0x185 from the start of the .text section. .text + 0x185 == init_post + 0xa We need a way to add this __mcount_loc section in a way that we do not lose the relocations after final link. The .text section here will be attached to all other .text sections after final link and the offsets will be meaningless. We need to keep track of where these .text sections are. To do this, we use the start of the first function in the section. do_one_initcall. We can make a tmp.s file with this function as a reference to the start of the .text section. .section __mcount_loc,"a",@progbits [...] .quad do_one_initcall + 0x185 [...] Then we can compile the tmp.s into a tmp.o gcc -c tmp.s -o tmp.o And link it into back into main.o. ld -r main.o tmp.o -o tmp_main.o mv tmp_main.o main.o But we have a problem. What happens if the first function in a section is not exported, and is a static function. The linker will not let the tmp.o use it. This case exists in main.o as well. Disassembly of section .init.text: 0000000000000000 <set_reset_devices>: 0: 55 push %rbp 1: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp 4: e8 00 00 00 00 callq 9 <set_reset_devices+0x9> 5: R_X86_64_PC32 mcount+0xfffffffffffffffc The first function in .init.text is a static function. 00000000000000a8 t __setup_set_reset_devices 000000000000105f t __setup_str_set_reset_devices 0000000000000000 t set_reset_devices The lowercase 't' means that set_reset_devices is local and is not exported. If we simply try to link the tmp.o with the set_reset_devices we end up with two symbols: one local and one global. .section __mcount_loc,"a",@progbits .quad set_reset_devices + 0x10 00000000000000a8 t __setup_set_reset_devices 000000000000105f t __setup_str_set_reset_devices 0000000000000000 t set_reset_devices U set_reset_devices We still have an undefined reference to set_reset_devices, and if we try to compile the kernel, we will end up with an undefined reference to set_reset_devices, or even worst, it could be exported someplace else, and then we will have a reference to the wrong location. To handle this case, we make an intermediate step using objcopy. We convert set_reset_devices into a global exported symbol before linking it with tmp.o and set it back afterwards. 00000000000000a8 t __setup_set_reset_devices 000000000000105f t __setup_str_set_reset_devices 0000000000000000 T set_reset_devices 00000000000000a8 t __setup_set_reset_devices 000000000000105f t __setup_str_set_reset_devices 0000000000000000 T set_reset_devices 00000000000000a8 t __setup_set_reset_devices 000000000000105f t __setup_str_set_reset_devices 0000000000000000 t set_reset_devices Now we have a section in main.o called __mcount_loc that we can place somewhere in the kernel using vmlinux.ld.S and access it to convert all these locations that call mcount into nops before starting SMP and thus, eliminating the need to do this with kstop_machine. Note, A well documented perl script (scripts/recordmcount.pl) is used to do all this in one location. Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-08-14 23:45:07 +04:00
#else
# ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER
# define MCOUNT_REC() ftrace_stub_graph = ftrace_stub;
# else
# define MCOUNT_REC()
# endif
ftrace: create __mcount_loc section This patch creates a section in the kernel called "__mcount_loc". This will hold a list of pointers to the mcount relocation for each call site of mcount. For example: objdump -dr init/main.o [...] Disassembly of section .text: 0000000000000000 <do_one_initcall>: 0: 55 push %rbp [...] 000000000000017b <init_post>: 17b: 55 push %rbp 17c: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp 17f: 53 push %rbx 180: 48 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%rsp 184: e8 00 00 00 00 callq 189 <init_post+0xe> 185: R_X86_64_PC32 mcount+0xfffffffffffffffc [...] We will add a section to point to each function call. .section __mcount_loc,"a",@progbits [...] .quad .text + 0x185 [...] The offset to of the mcount call site in init_post is an offset from the start of the section, and not the start of the function init_post. The mcount relocation is at the call site 0x185 from the start of the .text section. .text + 0x185 == init_post + 0xa We need a way to add this __mcount_loc section in a way that we do not lose the relocations after final link. The .text section here will be attached to all other .text sections after final link and the offsets will be meaningless. We need to keep track of where these .text sections are. To do this, we use the start of the first function in the section. do_one_initcall. We can make a tmp.s file with this function as a reference to the start of the .text section. .section __mcount_loc,"a",@progbits [...] .quad do_one_initcall + 0x185 [...] Then we can compile the tmp.s into a tmp.o gcc -c tmp.s -o tmp.o And link it into back into main.o. ld -r main.o tmp.o -o tmp_main.o mv tmp_main.o main.o But we have a problem. What happens if the first function in a section is not exported, and is a static function. The linker will not let the tmp.o use it. This case exists in main.o as well. Disassembly of section .init.text: 0000000000000000 <set_reset_devices>: 0: 55 push %rbp 1: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp 4: e8 00 00 00 00 callq 9 <set_reset_devices+0x9> 5: R_X86_64_PC32 mcount+0xfffffffffffffffc The first function in .init.text is a static function. 00000000000000a8 t __setup_set_reset_devices 000000000000105f t __setup_str_set_reset_devices 0000000000000000 t set_reset_devices The lowercase 't' means that set_reset_devices is local and is not exported. If we simply try to link the tmp.o with the set_reset_devices we end up with two symbols: one local and one global. .section __mcount_loc,"a",@progbits .quad set_reset_devices + 0x10 00000000000000a8 t __setup_set_reset_devices 000000000000105f t __setup_str_set_reset_devices 0000000000000000 t set_reset_devices U set_reset_devices We still have an undefined reference to set_reset_devices, and if we try to compile the kernel, we will end up with an undefined reference to set_reset_devices, or even worst, it could be exported someplace else, and then we will have a reference to the wrong location. To handle this case, we make an intermediate step using objcopy. We convert set_reset_devices into a global exported symbol before linking it with tmp.o and set it back afterwards. 00000000000000a8 t __setup_set_reset_devices 000000000000105f t __setup_str_set_reset_devices 0000000000000000 T set_reset_devices 00000000000000a8 t __setup_set_reset_devices 000000000000105f t __setup_str_set_reset_devices 0000000000000000 T set_reset_devices 00000000000000a8 t __setup_set_reset_devices 000000000000105f t __setup_str_set_reset_devices 0000000000000000 t set_reset_devices Now we have a section in main.o called __mcount_loc that we can place somewhere in the kernel using vmlinux.ld.S and access it to convert all these locations that call mcount into nops before starting SMP and thus, eliminating the need to do this with kstop_machine. Note, A well documented perl script (scripts/recordmcount.pl) is used to do all this in one location. Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-08-14 23:45:07 +04:00
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_BRANCH_PROFILING
#define LIKELY_PROFILE() __start_annotated_branch_profile = .; \
KEEP(*(_ftrace_annotated_branch)) \
__stop_annotated_branch_profile = .;
tracing: profile likely and unlikely annotations Impact: new unlikely/likely profiler Andrew Morton recently suggested having an in-kernel way to profile likely and unlikely macros. This patch achieves that goal. When configured, every(*) likely and unlikely macro gets a counter attached to it. When the condition is hit, the hit and misses of that condition are recorded. These numbers can later be retrieved by: /debugfs/tracing/profile_likely - All likely markers /debugfs/tracing/profile_unlikely - All unlikely markers. # cat /debug/tracing/profile_unlikely | head correct incorrect % Function File Line ------- --------- - -------- ---- ---- 2167 0 0 do_arch_prctl process_64.c 832 0 0 0 do_arch_prctl process_64.c 804 2670 0 0 IS_ERR err.h 34 71230 5693 7 __switch_to process_64.c 673 76919 0 0 __switch_to process_64.c 639 43184 33743 43 __switch_to process_64.c 624 12740 64181 83 __switch_to process_64.c 594 12740 64174 83 __switch_to process_64.c 590 # cat /debug/tracing/profile_unlikely | \ awk '{ if ($3 > 25) print $0; }' |head -20 44963 35259 43 __switch_to process_64.c 624 12762 67454 84 __switch_to process_64.c 594 12762 67447 84 __switch_to process_64.c 590 1478 595 28 syscall_get_error syscall.h 51 0 2821 100 syscall_trace_leave ptrace.c 1567 0 1 100 native_smp_prepare_cpus smpboot.c 1237 86338 265881 75 calc_delta_fair sched_fair.c 408 210410 108540 34 calc_delta_mine sched.c 1267 0 54550 100 sched_info_queued sched_stats.h 222 51899 66435 56 pick_next_task_fair sched_fair.c 1422 6 10 62 yield_task_fair sched_fair.c 982 7325 2692 26 rt_policy sched.c 144 0 1270 100 pre_schedule_rt sched_rt.c 1261 1268 48073 97 pick_next_task_rt sched_rt.c 884 0 45181 100 sched_info_dequeued sched_stats.h 177 0 15 100 sched_move_task sched.c 8700 0 15 100 sched_move_task sched.c 8690 53167 33217 38 schedule sched.c 4457 0 80208 100 sched_info_switch sched_stats.h 270 30585 49631 61 context_switch sched.c 2619 # cat /debug/tracing/profile_likely | awk '{ if ($3 > 25) print $0; }' 39900 36577 47 pick_next_task sched.c 4397 20824 15233 42 switch_mm mmu_context_64.h 18 0 7 100 __cancel_work_timer workqueue.c 560 617 66484 99 clocksource_adjust timekeeping.c 456 0 346340 100 audit_syscall_exit auditsc.c 1570 38 347350 99 audit_get_context auditsc.c 732 0 345244 100 audit_syscall_entry auditsc.c 1541 38 1017 96 audit_free auditsc.c 1446 0 1090 100 audit_alloc auditsc.c 862 2618 1090 29 audit_alloc auditsc.c 858 0 6 100 move_masked_irq migration.c 9 1 198 99 probe_sched_wakeup trace_sched_switch.c 58 2 2 50 probe_wakeup trace_sched_wakeup.c 227 0 2 100 probe_wakeup_sched_switch trace_sched_wakeup.c 144 4514 2090 31 __grab_cache_page filemap.c 2149 12882 228786 94 mapping_unevictable pagemap.h 50 4 11 73 __flush_cpu_slab slub.c 1466 627757 330451 34 slab_free slub.c 1731 2959 61245 95 dentry_lru_del_init dcache.c 153 946 1217 56 load_elf_binary binfmt_elf.c 904 102 82 44 disk_put_part genhd.h 206 1 1 50 dst_gc_task dst.c 82 0 19 100 tcp_mss_split_point tcp_output.c 1126 As you can see by the above, there's a bit of work to do in rethinking the use of some unlikelys and likelys. Note: the unlikely case had 71 hits that were more than 25%. Note: After submitting my first version of this patch, Andrew Morton showed me a version written by Daniel Walker, where I picked up the following ideas from: 1) Using __builtin_constant_p to avoid profiling fixed values. 2) Using __FILE__ instead of instruction pointers. 3) Using the preprocessor to stop all profiling of likely annotations from vsyscall_64.c. Thanks to Andrew Morton, Arjan van de Ven, Theodore Tso and Ingo Molnar for their feed back on this patch. (*) Not ever unlikely is recorded, those that are used by vsyscalls (a few of them) had to have profiling disabled. Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Theodore Tso <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-11-12 08:14:39 +03:00
#else
#define LIKELY_PROFILE()
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PROFILE_ALL_BRANCHES
#define BRANCH_PROFILE() __start_branch_profile = .; \
KEEP(*(_ftrace_branch)) \
__stop_branch_profile = .;
#else
#define BRANCH_PROFILE()
#endif
kprobes: Introduce NOKPROBE_SYMBOL() macro to maintain kprobes blacklist Introduce NOKPROBE_SYMBOL() macro which builds a kprobes blacklist at kernel build time. The usage of this macro is similar to EXPORT_SYMBOL(), placed after the function definition: NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(function); Since this macro will inhibit inlining of static/inline functions, this patch also introduces a nokprobe_inline macro for static/inline functions. In this case, we must use NOKPROBE_SYMBOL() for the inline function caller. When CONFIG_KPROBES=y, the macro stores the given function address in the "_kprobe_blacklist" section. Since the data structures are not fully initialized by the macro (because there is no "size" information), those are re-initialized at boot time by using kallsyms. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140417081705.26341.96719.stgit@ltc230.yrl.intra.hitachi.co.jp Cc: Alok Kataria <akataria@vmware.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Christopher Li <sparse@chrisli.org> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Jan-Simon Möller <dl9pf@gmx.de> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-sparse@vger.kernel.org Cc: virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2014-04-17 12:17:05 +04:00
#ifdef CONFIG_KPROBES
#define KPROBE_BLACKLIST() . = ALIGN(8); \
__start_kprobe_blacklist = .; \
KEEP(*(_kprobe_blacklist)) \
__stop_kprobe_blacklist = .;
kprobes: Introduce NOKPROBE_SYMBOL() macro to maintain kprobes blacklist Introduce NOKPROBE_SYMBOL() macro which builds a kprobes blacklist at kernel build time. The usage of this macro is similar to EXPORT_SYMBOL(), placed after the function definition: NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(function); Since this macro will inhibit inlining of static/inline functions, this patch also introduces a nokprobe_inline macro for static/inline functions. In this case, we must use NOKPROBE_SYMBOL() for the inline function caller. When CONFIG_KPROBES=y, the macro stores the given function address in the "_kprobe_blacklist" section. Since the data structures are not fully initialized by the macro (because there is no "size" information), those are re-initialized at boot time by using kallsyms. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140417081705.26341.96719.stgit@ltc230.yrl.intra.hitachi.co.jp Cc: Alok Kataria <akataria@vmware.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Christopher Li <sparse@chrisli.org> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Jan-Simon Möller <dl9pf@gmx.de> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-sparse@vger.kernel.org Cc: virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2014-04-17 12:17:05 +04:00
#else
#define KPROBE_BLACKLIST()
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_ERROR_INJECTION
#define ERROR_INJECT_WHITELIST() STRUCT_ALIGN(); \
__start_error_injection_whitelist = .; \
KEEP(*(_error_injection_whitelist)) \
__stop_error_injection_whitelist = .;
#else
#define ERROR_INJECT_WHITELIST()
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_EVENT_TRACING
tracing: Replace trace_event struct array with pointer array Currently the trace_event structures are placed in the _ftrace_events section, and at link time, the linker makes one large array of all the trace_event structures. On boot up, this array is read (much like the initcall sections) and the events are processed. The problem is that there is no guarantee that gcc will place complex structures nicely together in an array format. Two structures in the same file may be placed awkwardly, because gcc has no clue that they are suppose to be in an array. A hack was used previous to force the alignment to 4, to pack the structures together. But this caused alignment issues with other architectures (sparc). Instead of packing the structures into an array, the structures' addresses are now put into the _ftrace_event section. As pointers are always the natural alignment, gcc should always pack them tightly together (otherwise initcall, extable, etc would also fail). By having the pointers to the structures in the section, we can still iterate the trace_events without causing unnecessary alignment problems with other architectures, or depending on the current behaviour of gcc that will likely change in the future just to tick us kernel developers off a little more. The _ftrace_event section is also moved into the .init.data section as it is now only needed at boot up. Suggested-by: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2011-01-27 17:15:30 +03:00
#define FTRACE_EVENTS() . = ALIGN(8); \
__start_ftrace_events = .; \
KEEP(*(_ftrace_events)) \
__stop_ftrace_events = .; \
__start_ftrace_eval_maps = .; \
KEEP(*(_ftrace_eval_map)) \
__stop_ftrace_eval_maps = .;
#else
#define FTRACE_EVENTS()
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
#define TRACE_PRINTKS() __start___trace_bprintk_fmt = .; \
KEEP(*(__trace_printk_fmt)) /* Trace_printk fmt' pointer */ \
__stop___trace_bprintk_fmt = .;
#define TRACEPOINT_STR() __start___tracepoint_str = .; \
KEEP(*(__tracepoint_str)) /* Trace_printk fmt' pointer */ \
__stop___tracepoint_str = .;
#else
#define TRACE_PRINTKS()
tracing: Add __tracepoint_string() to export string pointers There are several tracepoints (mostly in RCU), that reference a string pointer and uses the print format of "%s" to display the string that exists in the kernel, instead of copying the actual string to the ring buffer (saves time and ring buffer space). But this has an issue with userspace tools that read the binary buffers that has the address of the string but has no access to what the string itself is. The end result is just output that looks like: rcu_dyntick: ffffffff818adeaa 1 0 rcu_dyntick: ffffffff818adeb5 0 140000000000000 rcu_dyntick: ffffffff818adeb5 0 140000000000000 rcu_utilization: ffffffff8184333b rcu_utilization: ffffffff8184333b The above is pretty useless when read by the userspace tools. Ideally we would want something that looks like this: rcu_dyntick: Start 1 0 rcu_dyntick: End 0 140000000000000 rcu_dyntick: Start 140000000000000 0 rcu_callback: rcu_preempt rhp=0xffff880037aff710 func=put_cred_rcu 0/4 rcu_callback: rcu_preempt rhp=0xffff880078961980 func=file_free_rcu 0/5 rcu_dyntick: End 0 1 The trace_printk() which also only stores the address of the string format instead of recording the string into the buffer itself, exports the mapping of kernel addresses to format strings via the printk_format file in the debugfs tracing directory. The tracepoint strings can use this same method and output the format to the same file and the userspace tools will be able to decipher the address without any modification. The tracepoint strings need its own section to save the strings because the trace_printk section will cause the trace_printk() buffers to be allocated if anything exists within the section. trace_printk() is only used for debugging and should never exist in the kernel, we can not use the trace_printk sections. Add a new tracepoint_str section that will also be examined by the output of the printk_format file. Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2013-07-13 01:07:27 +04:00
#define TRACEPOINT_STR()
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FTRACE_SYSCALLS
tracing: Replace syscall_meta_data struct array with pointer array Currently the syscall_meta structures for the syscall tracepoints are placed in the __syscall_metadata section, and at link time, the linker makes one large array of all these syscall metadata structures. On boot up, this array is read (much like the initcall sections) and the syscall data is processed. The problem is that there is no guarantee that gcc will place complex structures nicely together in an array format. Two structures in the same file may be placed awkwardly, because gcc has no clue that they are suppose to be in an array. A hack was used previous to force the alignment to 4, to pack the structures together. But this caused alignment issues with other architectures (sparc). Instead of packing the structures into an array, the structures' addresses are now put into the __syscall_metadata section. As pointers are always the natural alignment, gcc should always pack them tightly together (otherwise initcall, extable, etc would also fail). By having the pointers to the structures in the section, we can still iterate the trace_events without causing unnecessary alignment problems with other architectures, or depending on the current behaviour of gcc that will likely change in the future just to tick us kernel developers off a little more. The __syscall_metadata section is also moved into the .init.data section as it is now only needed at boot up. Suggested-by: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2011-02-03 01:06:09 +03:00
#define TRACE_SYSCALLS() . = ALIGN(8); \
__start_syscalls_metadata = .; \
KEEP(*(__syscalls_metadata)) \
__stop_syscalls_metadata = .;
#else
#define TRACE_SYSCALLS()
#endif
bpf: introduce BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT Introduce BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT bpf program type to access kernel internal arguments of the tracepoints in their raw form. >From bpf program point of view the access to the arguments look like: struct bpf_raw_tracepoint_args { __u64 args[0]; }; int bpf_prog(struct bpf_raw_tracepoint_args *ctx) { // program can read args[N] where N depends on tracepoint // and statically verified at program load+attach time } kprobe+bpf infrastructure allows programs access function arguments. This feature allows programs access raw tracepoint arguments. Similar to proposed 'dynamic ftrace events' there are no abi guarantees to what the tracepoints arguments are and what their meaning is. The program needs to type cast args properly and use bpf_probe_read() helper to access struct fields when argument is a pointer. For every tracepoint __bpf_trace_##call function is prepared. In assembler it looks like: (gdb) disassemble __bpf_trace_xdp_exception Dump of assembler code for function __bpf_trace_xdp_exception: 0xffffffff81132080 <+0>: mov %ecx,%ecx 0xffffffff81132082 <+2>: jmpq 0xffffffff811231f0 <bpf_trace_run3> where TRACE_EVENT(xdp_exception, TP_PROTO(const struct net_device *dev, const struct bpf_prog *xdp, u32 act), The above assembler snippet is casting 32-bit 'act' field into 'u64' to pass into bpf_trace_run3(), while 'dev' and 'xdp' args are passed as-is. All of ~500 of __bpf_trace_*() functions are only 5-10 byte long and in total this approach adds 7k bytes to .text. This approach gives the lowest possible overhead while calling trace_xdp_exception() from kernel C code and transitioning into bpf land. Since tracepoint+bpf are used at speeds of 1M+ events per second this is valuable optimization. The new BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN sys_bpf command is introduced that returns anon_inode FD of 'bpf-raw-tracepoint' object. The user space looks like: // load bpf prog with BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT type prog_fd = bpf_prog_load(...); // receive anon_inode fd for given bpf_raw_tracepoint with prog attached raw_tp_fd = bpf_raw_tracepoint_open("xdp_exception", prog_fd); Ctrl-C of tracing daemon or cmdline tool that uses this feature will automatically detach bpf program, unload it and unregister tracepoint probe. On the kernel side the __bpf_raw_tp_map section of pointers to tracepoint definition and to __bpf_trace_*() probe function is used to find a tracepoint with "xdp_exception" name and corresponding __bpf_trace_xdp_exception() probe function which are passed to tracepoint_probe_register() to connect probe with tracepoint. Addition of bpf_raw_tracepoint doesn't interfere with ftrace and perf tracepoint mechanisms. perf_event_open() can be used in parallel on the same tracepoint. Multiple bpf_raw_tracepoint_open("xdp_exception", prog_fd) are permitted. Each with its own bpf program. The kernel will execute all tracepoint probes and all attached bpf programs. In the future bpf_raw_tracepoints can be extended with query/introspection logic. __bpf_raw_tp_map section logic was contributed by Steven Rostedt Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
2018-03-28 22:05:37 +03:00
#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS
#define BPF_RAW_TP() STRUCT_ALIGN(); \
__start__bpf_raw_tp = .; \
bpf: introduce BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT Introduce BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT bpf program type to access kernel internal arguments of the tracepoints in their raw form. >From bpf program point of view the access to the arguments look like: struct bpf_raw_tracepoint_args { __u64 args[0]; }; int bpf_prog(struct bpf_raw_tracepoint_args *ctx) { // program can read args[N] where N depends on tracepoint // and statically verified at program load+attach time } kprobe+bpf infrastructure allows programs access function arguments. This feature allows programs access raw tracepoint arguments. Similar to proposed 'dynamic ftrace events' there are no abi guarantees to what the tracepoints arguments are and what their meaning is. The program needs to type cast args properly and use bpf_probe_read() helper to access struct fields when argument is a pointer. For every tracepoint __bpf_trace_##call function is prepared. In assembler it looks like: (gdb) disassemble __bpf_trace_xdp_exception Dump of assembler code for function __bpf_trace_xdp_exception: 0xffffffff81132080 <+0>: mov %ecx,%ecx 0xffffffff81132082 <+2>: jmpq 0xffffffff811231f0 <bpf_trace_run3> where TRACE_EVENT(xdp_exception, TP_PROTO(const struct net_device *dev, const struct bpf_prog *xdp, u32 act), The above assembler snippet is casting 32-bit 'act' field into 'u64' to pass into bpf_trace_run3(), while 'dev' and 'xdp' args are passed as-is. All of ~500 of __bpf_trace_*() functions are only 5-10 byte long and in total this approach adds 7k bytes to .text. This approach gives the lowest possible overhead while calling trace_xdp_exception() from kernel C code and transitioning into bpf land. Since tracepoint+bpf are used at speeds of 1M+ events per second this is valuable optimization. The new BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN sys_bpf command is introduced that returns anon_inode FD of 'bpf-raw-tracepoint' object. The user space looks like: // load bpf prog with BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT type prog_fd = bpf_prog_load(...); // receive anon_inode fd for given bpf_raw_tracepoint with prog attached raw_tp_fd = bpf_raw_tracepoint_open("xdp_exception", prog_fd); Ctrl-C of tracing daemon or cmdline tool that uses this feature will automatically detach bpf program, unload it and unregister tracepoint probe. On the kernel side the __bpf_raw_tp_map section of pointers to tracepoint definition and to __bpf_trace_*() probe function is used to find a tracepoint with "xdp_exception" name and corresponding __bpf_trace_xdp_exception() probe function which are passed to tracepoint_probe_register() to connect probe with tracepoint. Addition of bpf_raw_tracepoint doesn't interfere with ftrace and perf tracepoint mechanisms. perf_event_open() can be used in parallel on the same tracepoint. Multiple bpf_raw_tracepoint_open("xdp_exception", prog_fd) are permitted. Each with its own bpf program. The kernel will execute all tracepoint probes and all attached bpf programs. In the future bpf_raw_tracepoints can be extended with query/introspection logic. __bpf_raw_tp_map section logic was contributed by Steven Rostedt Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
2018-03-28 22:05:37 +03:00
KEEP(*(__bpf_raw_tp_map)) \
__stop__bpf_raw_tp = .;
bpf: introduce BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT Introduce BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT bpf program type to access kernel internal arguments of the tracepoints in their raw form. >From bpf program point of view the access to the arguments look like: struct bpf_raw_tracepoint_args { __u64 args[0]; }; int bpf_prog(struct bpf_raw_tracepoint_args *ctx) { // program can read args[N] where N depends on tracepoint // and statically verified at program load+attach time } kprobe+bpf infrastructure allows programs access function arguments. This feature allows programs access raw tracepoint arguments. Similar to proposed 'dynamic ftrace events' there are no abi guarantees to what the tracepoints arguments are and what their meaning is. The program needs to type cast args properly and use bpf_probe_read() helper to access struct fields when argument is a pointer. For every tracepoint __bpf_trace_##call function is prepared. In assembler it looks like: (gdb) disassemble __bpf_trace_xdp_exception Dump of assembler code for function __bpf_trace_xdp_exception: 0xffffffff81132080 <+0>: mov %ecx,%ecx 0xffffffff81132082 <+2>: jmpq 0xffffffff811231f0 <bpf_trace_run3> where TRACE_EVENT(xdp_exception, TP_PROTO(const struct net_device *dev, const struct bpf_prog *xdp, u32 act), The above assembler snippet is casting 32-bit 'act' field into 'u64' to pass into bpf_trace_run3(), while 'dev' and 'xdp' args are passed as-is. All of ~500 of __bpf_trace_*() functions are only 5-10 byte long and in total this approach adds 7k bytes to .text. This approach gives the lowest possible overhead while calling trace_xdp_exception() from kernel C code and transitioning into bpf land. Since tracepoint+bpf are used at speeds of 1M+ events per second this is valuable optimization. The new BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN sys_bpf command is introduced that returns anon_inode FD of 'bpf-raw-tracepoint' object. The user space looks like: // load bpf prog with BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT type prog_fd = bpf_prog_load(...); // receive anon_inode fd for given bpf_raw_tracepoint with prog attached raw_tp_fd = bpf_raw_tracepoint_open("xdp_exception", prog_fd); Ctrl-C of tracing daemon or cmdline tool that uses this feature will automatically detach bpf program, unload it and unregister tracepoint probe. On the kernel side the __bpf_raw_tp_map section of pointers to tracepoint definition and to __bpf_trace_*() probe function is used to find a tracepoint with "xdp_exception" name and corresponding __bpf_trace_xdp_exception() probe function which are passed to tracepoint_probe_register() to connect probe with tracepoint. Addition of bpf_raw_tracepoint doesn't interfere with ftrace and perf tracepoint mechanisms. perf_event_open() can be used in parallel on the same tracepoint. Multiple bpf_raw_tracepoint_open("xdp_exception", prog_fd) are permitted. Each with its own bpf program. The kernel will execute all tracepoint probes and all attached bpf programs. In the future bpf_raw_tracepoints can be extended with query/introspection logic. __bpf_raw_tp_map section logic was contributed by Steven Rostedt Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
2018-03-28 22:05:37 +03:00
#else
#define BPF_RAW_TP()
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_EARLYCON
earlycon: Use a pointer table to fix __earlycon_table stride Commit 99492c39f39f ("earlycon: Fix __earlycon_table stride") tried to fix __earlycon_table stride by forcing the earlycon_id struct alignment to 32 and asking the linker to 32-byte align the __earlycon_table symbol. This fix was based on commit 07fca0e57fca92 ("tracing: Properly align linker defined symbols") which tried a similar fix for the tracing subsystem. However, this fix doesn't quite work because there is no guarantee that gcc will place structures packed into an array format. In fact, gcc 4.9 chooses to 64-byte align these structs by inserting additional padding between the entries because it has no clue that they are supposed to be in an array. If we are unlucky, the linker will assign symbol "__earlycon_table" to a 32-byte aligned address which does not correspond to the 64-byte aligned contents of section "__earlycon_table". To address this same problem, the fix to the tracing system was subsequently re-implemented using a more robust table of pointers approach by commits: 3d56e331b653 ("tracing: Replace syscall_meta_data struct array with pointer array") 654986462939 ("tracepoints: Fix section alignment using pointer array") e4a9ea5ee7c8 ("tracing: Replace trace_event struct array with pointer array") Let's use this same "array of pointers to structs" approach for EARLYCON_TABLE. Fixes: 99492c39f39f ("earlycon: Fix __earlycon_table stride") Signed-off-by: Daniel Kurtz <djkurtz@chromium.org> Suggested-by: Aaron Durbin <adurbin@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org> Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <groeck@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Guenter Roeck <groeck@chromium.org> Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2018-04-07 02:21:53 +03:00
#define EARLYCON_TABLE() . = ALIGN(8); \
__earlycon_table = .; \
KEEP(*(__earlycon_table)) \
__earlycon_table_end = .;
#else
#define EARLYCON_TABLE()
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
#define LSM_TABLE() . = ALIGN(8); \
__start_lsm_info = .; \
KEEP(*(.lsm_info.init)) \
__end_lsm_info = .;
#define EARLY_LSM_TABLE() . = ALIGN(8); \
__start_early_lsm_info = .; \
KEEP(*(.early_lsm_info.init)) \
__end_early_lsm_info = .;
#else
#define LSM_TABLE()
#define EARLY_LSM_TABLE()
#endif
#define ___OF_TABLE(cfg, name) _OF_TABLE_##cfg(name)
#define __OF_TABLE(cfg, name) ___OF_TABLE(cfg, name)
#define OF_TABLE(cfg, name) __OF_TABLE(IS_ENABLED(cfg), name)
#define _OF_TABLE_0(name)
#define _OF_TABLE_1(name) \
irqchip: add basic infrastructure With the recent creation of the drivers/irqchip/ directory, it is desirable to move irq controller drivers here. At the moment, the only driver here is irq-bcm2835, the driver for the irq controller found in the ARM BCM2835 SoC, present in Rasberry Pi systems. This irq controller driver was exporting its initialization function and its irq handling function through a header file in <linux/irqchip/bcm2835.h>. When proposing to also move another irq controller driver in drivers/irqchip, Rob Herring raised the very valid point that moving things to drivers/irqchip was good in order to remove more stuff from arch/arm, but if it means adding gazillions of headers files in include/linux/irqchip/, it would not be very nice. So, upon the suggestion of Rob Herring and Arnd Bergmann, this commit introduces a small infrastructure that defines a central irqchip_init() function in drivers/irqchip/irqchip.c, which is meant to be called as the ->init_irq() callback of ARM platforms. This function calls of_irq_init() with an array of match strings and init functions generated from a special linker section. Note that the irq controller driver initialization function is responsible for setting the global handle_arch_irq() variable, so that ARM platforms no longer have to define the ->handle_irq field in their DT_MACHINE structure. A global header, <linux/irqchip.h> is also added to expose the single irqchip_init() function to the reset of the kernel. A further commit moves the BCM2835 irq controller driver to this new small infrastructure, therefore removing the include/linux/irqchip/ directory. Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com> Reviewed-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org> Reviewed-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com> Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> [rob.herring: reword commit message to reflect use of linker sections.] Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com>
2012-11-21 02:00:52 +04:00
. = ALIGN(8); \
__##name##_of_table = .; \
KEEP(*(__##name##_of_table)) \
KEEP(*(__##name##_of_table_end))
#define TIMER_OF_TABLES() OF_TABLE(CONFIG_TIMER_OF, timer)
#define IRQCHIP_OF_MATCH_TABLE() OF_TABLE(CONFIG_IRQCHIP, irqchip)
#define CLK_OF_TABLES() OF_TABLE(CONFIG_COMMON_CLK, clk)
#define RESERVEDMEM_OF_TABLES() OF_TABLE(CONFIG_OF_RESERVED_MEM, reservedmem)
#define CPU_METHOD_OF_TABLES() OF_TABLE(CONFIG_SMP, cpu_method)
#define CPUIDLE_METHOD_OF_TABLES() OF_TABLE(CONFIG_CPU_IDLE, cpuidle_method)
#ifdef CONFIG_ACPI
#define ACPI_PROBE_TABLE(name) \
. = ALIGN(8); \
__##name##_acpi_probe_table = .; \
KEEP(*(__##name##_acpi_probe_table)) \
__##name##_acpi_probe_table_end = .;
#else
#define ACPI_PROBE_TABLE(name)
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_THERMAL
#define THERMAL_TABLE(name) \
. = ALIGN(8); \
__##name##_thermal_table = .; \
KEEP(*(__##name##_thermal_table)) \
__##name##_thermal_table_end = .;
#else
#define THERMAL_TABLE(name)
#endif
powercap/drivers/dtpm: Add API for dynamic thermal power management On the embedded world, the complexity of the SoC leads to an increasing number of hotspots which need to be monitored and mitigated as a whole in order to prevent the temperature to go above the normative and legally stated 'skin temperature'. Another aspect is to sustain the performance for a given power budget, for example virtual reality where the user can feel dizziness if the GPU performance is capped while a big CPU is processing something else. Or reduce the battery charging because the dissipated power is too high compared with the power consumed by other devices. The userspace is the most adequate place to dynamically act on the different devices by limiting their power given an application profile: it has the knowledge of the platform. These userspace daemons are in charge of the Dynamic Thermal Power Management (DTPM). Nowadays, the dtpm daemons are abusing the thermal framework as they act on the cooling device state to force a specific and arbitrary state without taking care of the governor decisions. Given the closed loop of some governors that can confuse the logic or directly enter in a decision conflict. As the number of cooling device support is limited today to the CPU and the GPU, the dtpm daemons have little control on the power dissipation of the system. The out of tree solutions are hacking around here and there in the drivers, in the frameworks to have control on the devices. The common solution is to declare them as cooling devices. There is no unification of the power limitation unit, opaque states are used. This patch provides a way to create a hierarchy of constraints using the powercap framework. The devices which are registered as power limit-able devices are represented in this hierarchy as a tree. They are linked together with intermediate nodes which are just there to propagate the constraint to the children. The leaves of the tree are the real devices, the intermediate nodes are virtual, aggregating the children constraints and power characteristics. Each node have a weight on a 2^10 basis, in order to reflect the percentage of power distribution of the children's node. This percentage is used to dispatch the power limit to the children. The weight is computed against the max power of the siblings. This simple approach allows to do a fair distribution of the power limit. Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Lukasz Luba <lukasz.luba@arm.com> Tested-by: Lukasz Luba <lukasz.luba@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
2020-12-08 19:41:44 +03:00
#ifdef CONFIG_DTPM
#define DTPM_TABLE() \
. = ALIGN(8); \
__dtpm_table = .; \
KEEP(*(__dtpm_table)) \
__dtpm_table_end = .;
#else
#define DTPM_TABLE()
#endif
#define KERNEL_DTB() \
STRUCT_ALIGN(); \
__dtb_start = .; \
KEEP(*(.dtb.init.rodata)) \
__dtb_end = .;
/*
* .data section
*/
#define DATA_DATA \
mtd: only use __xipram annotation when XIP_KERNEL is set When XIP_KERNEL is enabled, some functions are defined in the .data ELF section because we require them to be in RAM whenever we communicate with the flash chip. However this causes problems when FTRACE is enabled and gcc emits calls to __gnu_mcount_nc in the function prolog: drivers/built-in.o: In function `cfi_chip_setup': :(.data+0x272fc): relocation truncated to fit: R_ARM_CALL against symbol `__gnu_mcount_nc' defined in .text section in arch/arm/kernel/built-in.o drivers/built-in.o: In function `cfi_probe_chip': :(.data+0x27de8): relocation truncated to fit: R_ARM_CALL against symbol `__gnu_mcount_nc' defined in .text section in arch/arm/kernel/built-in.o /tmp/ccY172rP.s: Assembler messages: /tmp/ccY172rP.s:70: Warning: ignoring changed section attributes for .data /tmp/ccY172rP.s: Error: 1 warning, treating warnings as errors make[5]: *** [drivers/mtd/chips/cfi_probe.o] Error 1 /tmp/ccK4rjeO.s: Assembler messages: /tmp/ccK4rjeO.s:421: Warning: ignoring changed section attributes for .data /tmp/ccK4rjeO.s: Error: 1 warning, treating warnings as errors make[5]: *** [drivers/mtd/chips/cfi_util.o] Error 1 /tmp/ccUvhCYR.s: Assembler messages: /tmp/ccUvhCYR.s:1895: Warning: ignoring changed section attributes for .data /tmp/ccUvhCYR.s: Error: 1 warning, treating warnings as errors Specifically, this does not work because the .data section is not marked executable, which leads LD to not generate trampolines for long calls. This moves the __xipram functions into their own .xiptext section instead. The section is still placed next to .data and located in RAM but is marked executable, which avoids the build errors. Also, we only need to place the XIP functions into a separate section if both CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL and CONFIG_MTD_XIP are set: When only MTD_XIP is used, the whole kernel is still in RAM and we do not need to worry about pulling out the rug under it. When only XIP_KERNEL but not MTD_XIP is set, the kernel is in some form of ROM, but we never write to it. Note that MTD_XIP has been broken on ARM since around 2011 or 2012. I have sent another patch[2] to fix compilation, which I plan to merge through arm-soc unless there are objections. The obvious alternative to that would be to completely rip out the MTD_XIP support from the kernel, since obviously nobody has been using it in a long while. Link: [1] https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/8109771/ Link: [2] https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/9855225/ Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@free-electrons.com>
2017-07-21 23:26:25 +03:00
*(.xiptext) \
*(DATA_MAIN) \
Introduce new section reference annotations tags: __ref, __refdata, __refconst Today we have the following annotations for functions/data referencing __init/__exit functions / data: __init_refok => for init functions __initdata_refok => for init data __exit_refok => for exit functions There is really no difference between the __init and __exit versions and simplify it and to introduce a shorter annotation the following new annotations are introduced: __ref => for functions (code) that references __*init / __*exit __refdata => for variables __refconst => for const variables Whit this annotation is it more obvious what the annotation is for and there is no longer the arbitary division between __init and __exit code. The mechanishm is the same as before - a special section is created which is made part of the usual sections in the linker script. We will start to see annotations like this: -static struct pci_serial_quirk pci_serial_quirks[] = { +static const struct pci_serial_quirk pci_serial_quirks[] __refconst = { ----------------- -static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata cpuid_class_cpu_notifier = +static struct notifier_block cpuid_class_cpu_notifier __refdata = ---------------- -static int threshold_cpu_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb, +static int __ref threshold_cpu_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb, [The above is just random samples]. Note: No modifications were needed in modpost to support the new sections due to the newly introduced blacklisting. Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2008-01-28 22:21:15 +03:00
*(.ref.data) \
vmlinux.lds.h: gather .data..shared_aligned sections in DATA_DATA With the recent change "net: remove time limit in process_backlog()", the softnet_data variable changed from "DEFINE_PER_CPU()" to "DEFINE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED()" which moved it from the .data section to the .data.shared_align section. I'm not saying this patch is wrong, just that is what caused me to notice this larger problem. No one else in the kernel is using this aligned macro variant, so I imagine that's why no one has noticed yet. Since .data..shared_align isn't declared in any vmlinux files that I can see, the linker just places it last. This "just works" for most people, but when building a ROM kernel on Blackfin systems, it causes section overlap errors: bfin-uclinux-ld.real: section .init.data [00000000202e06b8 -> 00000000202e48b7] overlaps section .data.shared_aligned [00000000202e06b8 -> 00000000202e0723] I imagine other arches which support the ROM config option and thus do funky placement would see similar issues ... On x86, it is stuck in a dedicated section at the end: [8] .data PROGBITS ffffffff810ec000 2ec0000303a8 00 WA 0 0 4096 [9] .data.shared_alig PROGBITS ffffffff8111c3c0 31c3c00000c8 00 WA 0 0 64 So make sure we include this section in the DATA_DATA macro so that it is placed in the right location. Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Alan Jenkins <alan-jenkins@tuffmail.co.uk> Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com> Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-10-27 01:22:29 +04:00
*(.data..shared_aligned) /* percpu related */ \
MEM_KEEP(init.data*) \
MEM_KEEP(exit.data*) \
*(.data.unlikely) \
__start_once = .; \
*(.data.once) \
__end_once = .; \
tracepoints: Fix section alignment using pointer array Make the tracepoints more robust, making them solid enough to handle compiler changes by not relying on anything based on compiler-specific behavior with respect to structure alignment. Implement an approach proposed by David Miller: use an array of const pointers to refer to the individual structures, and export this pointer array through the linker script rather than the structures per se. It will consume 32 extra bytes per tracepoint (24 for structure padding and 8 for the pointers), but are less likely to break due to compiler changes. History: commit 7e066fb8 tracepoints: add DECLARE_TRACE() and DEFINE_TRACE() added the aligned(32) type and variable attribute to the tracepoint structures to deal with gcc happily aligning statically defined structures on 32-byte multiples. One attempt was to use a 8-byte alignment for tracepoint structures by applying both the variable and type attribute to tracepoint structures definitions and declarations. It worked fine with gcc 4.5.1, but broke with gcc 4.4.4 and 4.4.5. The reason is that the "aligned" attribute only specify the _minimum_ alignment for a structure, leaving both the compiler and the linker free to align on larger multiples. Because tracepoint.c expects the structures to be placed as an array within each section, up-alignment cause NULL-pointer exceptions due to the extra unexpected padding. (this patch applies on top of -tip) Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> LKML-Reference: <20110126222622.GA10794@Krystal> CC: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> CC: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> CC: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> CC: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> CC: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> CC: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2011-01-27 01:26:22 +03:00
STRUCT_ALIGN(); \
tracing: Kernel Tracepoints Implementation of kernel tracepoints. Inspired from the Linux Kernel Markers. Allows complete typing verification by declaring both tracing statement inline functions and probe registration/unregistration static inline functions within the same macro "DEFINE_TRACE". No format string is required. See the tracepoint Documentation and Samples patches for usage examples. Taken from the documentation patch : "A tracepoint placed in code provides a hook to call a function (probe) that you can provide at runtime. A tracepoint can be "on" (a probe is connected to it) or "off" (no probe is attached). When a tracepoint is "off" it has no effect, except for adding a tiny time penalty (checking a condition for a branch) and space penalty (adding a few bytes for the function call at the end of the instrumented function and adds a data structure in a separate section). When a tracepoint is "on", the function you provide is called each time the tracepoint is executed, in the execution context of the caller. When the function provided ends its execution, it returns to the caller (continuing from the tracepoint site). You can put tracepoints at important locations in the code. They are lightweight hooks that can pass an arbitrary number of parameters, which prototypes are described in a tracepoint declaration placed in a header file." Addition and removal of tracepoints is synchronized by RCU using the scheduler (and preempt_disable) as guarantees to find a quiescent state (this is really RCU "classic"). The update side uses rcu_barrier_sched() with call_rcu_sched() and the read/execute side uses "preempt_disable()/preempt_enable()". We make sure the previous array containing probes, which has been scheduled for deletion by the rcu callback, is indeed freed before we proceed to the next update. It therefore limits the rate of modification of a single tracepoint to one update per RCU period. The objective here is to permit fast batch add/removal of probes on _different_ tracepoints. Changelog : - Use #name ":" #proto as string to identify the tracepoint in the tracepoint table. This will make sure not type mismatch happens due to connexion of a probe with the wrong type to a tracepoint declared with the same name in a different header. - Add tracepoint_entry_free_old. - Change __TO_TRACE to get rid of the 'i' iterator. Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> : Tested on x86-64. Performance impact of a tracepoint : same as markers, except that it adds about 70 bytes of instructions in an unlikely branch of each instrumented function (the for loop, the stack setup and the function call). It currently adds a memory read, a test and a conditional branch at the instrumentation site (in the hot path). Immediate values will eventually change this into a load immediate, test and branch, which removes the memory read which will make the i-cache impact smaller (changing the memory read for a load immediate removes 3-4 bytes per site on x86_32 (depending on mov prefixes), or 7-8 bytes on x86_64, it also saves the d-cache hit). About the performance impact of tracepoints (which is comparable to markers), even without immediate values optimizations, tests done by Hideo Aoki on ia64 show no regression. His test case was using hackbench on a kernel where scheduler instrumentation (about 5 events in code scheduler code) was added. Quoting Hideo Aoki about Markers : I evaluated overhead of kernel marker using linux-2.6-sched-fixes git tree, which includes several markers for LTTng, using an ia64 server. While the immediate trace mark feature isn't implemented on ia64, there is no major performance regression. So, I think that we don't have any issues to propose merging marker point patches into Linus's tree from the viewpoint of performance impact. I prepared two kernels to evaluate. The first one was compiled without CONFIG_MARKERS. The second one was enabled CONFIG_MARKERS. I downloaded the original hackbench from the following URL: http://devresources.linux-foundation.org/craiger/hackbench/src/hackbench.c I ran hackbench 5 times in each condition and calculated the average and difference between the kernels. The parameter of hackbench: every 50 from 50 to 800 The number of CPUs of the server: 2, 4, and 8 Below is the results. As you can see, major performance regression wasn't found in any case. Even if number of processes increases, differences between marker-enabled kernel and marker- disabled kernel doesn't increase. Moreover, if number of CPUs increases, the differences doesn't increase either. Curiously, marker-enabled kernel is better than marker-disabled kernel in more than half cases, although I guess it comes from the difference of memory access pattern. * 2 CPUs Number of | without | with | diff | diff | processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] | -------------------------------------------------------------- 50 | 4.811 | 4.872 | +0.061 | +1.27 | 100 | 9.854 | 10.309 | +0.454 | +4.61 | 150 | 15.602 | 15.040 | -0.562 | -3.6 | 200 | 20.489 | 20.380 | -0.109 | -0.53 | 250 | 25.798 | 25.652 | -0.146 | -0.56 | 300 | 31.260 | 30.797 | -0.463 | -1.48 | 350 | 36.121 | 35.770 | -0.351 | -0.97 | 400 | 42.288 | 42.102 | -0.186 | -0.44 | 450 | 47.778 | 47.253 | -0.526 | -1.1 | 500 | 51.953 | 52.278 | +0.325 | +0.63 | 550 | 58.401 | 57.700 | -0.701 | -1.2 | 600 | 63.334 | 63.222 | -0.112 | -0.18 | 650 | 68.816 | 68.511 | -0.306 | -0.44 | 700 | 74.667 | 74.088 | -0.579 | -0.78 | 750 | 78.612 | 79.582 | +0.970 | +1.23 | 800 | 85.431 | 85.263 | -0.168 | -0.2 | -------------------------------------------------------------- * 4 CPUs Number of | without | with | diff | diff | processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] | -------------------------------------------------------------- 50 | 2.586 | 2.584 | -0.003 | -0.1 | 100 | 5.254 | 5.283 | +0.030 | +0.56 | 150 | 8.012 | 8.074 | +0.061 | +0.76 | 200 | 11.172 | 11.000 | -0.172 | -1.54 | 250 | 13.917 | 14.036 | +0.119 | +0.86 | 300 | 16.905 | 16.543 | -0.362 | -2.14 | 350 | 19.901 | 20.036 | +0.135 | +0.68 | 400 | 22.908 | 23.094 | +0.186 | +0.81 | 450 | 26.273 | 26.101 | -0.172 | -0.66 | 500 | 29.554 | 29.092 | -0.461 | -1.56 | 550 | 32.377 | 32.274 | -0.103 | -0.32 | 600 | 35.855 | 35.322 | -0.533 | -1.49 | 650 | 39.192 | 38.388 | -0.804 | -2.05 | 700 | 41.744 | 41.719 | -0.025 | -0.06 | 750 | 45.016 | 44.496 | -0.520 | -1.16 | 800 | 48.212 | 47.603 | -0.609 | -1.26 | -------------------------------------------------------------- * 8 CPUs Number of | without | with | diff | diff | processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] | -------------------------------------------------------------- 50 | 2.094 | 2.072 | -0.022 | -1.07 | 100 | 4.162 | 4.273 | +0.111 | +2.66 | 150 | 6.485 | 6.540 | +0.055 | +0.84 | 200 | 8.556 | 8.478 | -0.078 | -0.91 | 250 | 10.458 | 10.258 | -0.200 | -1.91 | 300 | 12.425 | 12.750 | +0.325 | +2.62 | 350 | 14.807 | 14.839 | +0.032 | +0.22 | 400 | 16.801 | 16.959 | +0.158 | +0.94 | 450 | 19.478 | 19.009 | -0.470 | -2.41 | 500 | 21.296 | 21.504 | +0.208 | +0.98 | 550 | 23.842 | 23.979 | +0.137 | +0.57 | 600 | 26.309 | 26.111 | -0.198 | -0.75 | 650 | 28.705 | 28.446 | -0.259 | -0.9 | 700 | 31.233 | 31.394 | +0.161 | +0.52 | 750 | 34.064 | 33.720 | -0.344 | -1.01 | 800 | 36.320 | 36.114 | -0.206 | -0.57 | -------------------------------------------------------------- Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Acked-by: 'Peter Zijlstra' <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-07-18 20:16:16 +04:00
*(__tracepoints) \
/* implement dynamic printk debug */ \
. = ALIGN(8); \
__start___dyndbg = .; \
KEEP(*(__dyndbg)) \
__stop___dyndbg = .; \
LIKELY_PROFILE() \
BRANCH_PROFILE() \
tracing: Add __tracepoint_string() to export string pointers There are several tracepoints (mostly in RCU), that reference a string pointer and uses the print format of "%s" to display the string that exists in the kernel, instead of copying the actual string to the ring buffer (saves time and ring buffer space). But this has an issue with userspace tools that read the binary buffers that has the address of the string but has no access to what the string itself is. The end result is just output that looks like: rcu_dyntick: ffffffff818adeaa 1 0 rcu_dyntick: ffffffff818adeb5 0 140000000000000 rcu_dyntick: ffffffff818adeb5 0 140000000000000 rcu_utilization: ffffffff8184333b rcu_utilization: ffffffff8184333b The above is pretty useless when read by the userspace tools. Ideally we would want something that looks like this: rcu_dyntick: Start 1 0 rcu_dyntick: End 0 140000000000000 rcu_dyntick: Start 140000000000000 0 rcu_callback: rcu_preempt rhp=0xffff880037aff710 func=put_cred_rcu 0/4 rcu_callback: rcu_preempt rhp=0xffff880078961980 func=file_free_rcu 0/5 rcu_dyntick: End 0 1 The trace_printk() which also only stores the address of the string format instead of recording the string into the buffer itself, exports the mapping of kernel addresses to format strings via the printk_format file in the debugfs tracing directory. The tracepoint strings can use this same method and output the format to the same file and the userspace tools will be able to decipher the address without any modification. The tracepoint strings need its own section to save the strings because the trace_printk section will cause the trace_printk() buffers to be allocated if anything exists within the section. trace_printk() is only used for debugging and should never exist in the kernel, we can not use the trace_printk sections. Add a new tracepoint_str section that will also be examined by the output of the printk_format file. Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2013-07-13 01:07:27 +04:00
TRACE_PRINTKS() \
bpf: introduce BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT Introduce BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT bpf program type to access kernel internal arguments of the tracepoints in their raw form. >From bpf program point of view the access to the arguments look like: struct bpf_raw_tracepoint_args { __u64 args[0]; }; int bpf_prog(struct bpf_raw_tracepoint_args *ctx) { // program can read args[N] where N depends on tracepoint // and statically verified at program load+attach time } kprobe+bpf infrastructure allows programs access function arguments. This feature allows programs access raw tracepoint arguments. Similar to proposed 'dynamic ftrace events' there are no abi guarantees to what the tracepoints arguments are and what their meaning is. The program needs to type cast args properly and use bpf_probe_read() helper to access struct fields when argument is a pointer. For every tracepoint __bpf_trace_##call function is prepared. In assembler it looks like: (gdb) disassemble __bpf_trace_xdp_exception Dump of assembler code for function __bpf_trace_xdp_exception: 0xffffffff81132080 <+0>: mov %ecx,%ecx 0xffffffff81132082 <+2>: jmpq 0xffffffff811231f0 <bpf_trace_run3> where TRACE_EVENT(xdp_exception, TP_PROTO(const struct net_device *dev, const struct bpf_prog *xdp, u32 act), The above assembler snippet is casting 32-bit 'act' field into 'u64' to pass into bpf_trace_run3(), while 'dev' and 'xdp' args are passed as-is. All of ~500 of __bpf_trace_*() functions are only 5-10 byte long and in total this approach adds 7k bytes to .text. This approach gives the lowest possible overhead while calling trace_xdp_exception() from kernel C code and transitioning into bpf land. Since tracepoint+bpf are used at speeds of 1M+ events per second this is valuable optimization. The new BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN sys_bpf command is introduced that returns anon_inode FD of 'bpf-raw-tracepoint' object. The user space looks like: // load bpf prog with BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT type prog_fd = bpf_prog_load(...); // receive anon_inode fd for given bpf_raw_tracepoint with prog attached raw_tp_fd = bpf_raw_tracepoint_open("xdp_exception", prog_fd); Ctrl-C of tracing daemon or cmdline tool that uses this feature will automatically detach bpf program, unload it and unregister tracepoint probe. On the kernel side the __bpf_raw_tp_map section of pointers to tracepoint definition and to __bpf_trace_*() probe function is used to find a tracepoint with "xdp_exception" name and corresponding __bpf_trace_xdp_exception() probe function which are passed to tracepoint_probe_register() to connect probe with tracepoint. Addition of bpf_raw_tracepoint doesn't interfere with ftrace and perf tracepoint mechanisms. perf_event_open() can be used in parallel on the same tracepoint. Multiple bpf_raw_tracepoint_open("xdp_exception", prog_fd) are permitted. Each with its own bpf program. The kernel will execute all tracepoint probes and all attached bpf programs. In the future bpf_raw_tracepoints can be extended with query/introspection logic. __bpf_raw_tp_map section logic was contributed by Steven Rostedt Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
2018-03-28 22:05:37 +03:00
BPF_RAW_TP() \
tracing: Add __tracepoint_string() to export string pointers There are several tracepoints (mostly in RCU), that reference a string pointer and uses the print format of "%s" to display the string that exists in the kernel, instead of copying the actual string to the ring buffer (saves time and ring buffer space). But this has an issue with userspace tools that read the binary buffers that has the address of the string but has no access to what the string itself is. The end result is just output that looks like: rcu_dyntick: ffffffff818adeaa 1 0 rcu_dyntick: ffffffff818adeb5 0 140000000000000 rcu_dyntick: ffffffff818adeb5 0 140000000000000 rcu_utilization: ffffffff8184333b rcu_utilization: ffffffff8184333b The above is pretty useless when read by the userspace tools. Ideally we would want something that looks like this: rcu_dyntick: Start 1 0 rcu_dyntick: End 0 140000000000000 rcu_dyntick: Start 140000000000000 0 rcu_callback: rcu_preempt rhp=0xffff880037aff710 func=put_cred_rcu 0/4 rcu_callback: rcu_preempt rhp=0xffff880078961980 func=file_free_rcu 0/5 rcu_dyntick: End 0 1 The trace_printk() which also only stores the address of the string format instead of recording the string into the buffer itself, exports the mapping of kernel addresses to format strings via the printk_format file in the debugfs tracing directory. The tracepoint strings can use this same method and output the format to the same file and the userspace tools will be able to decipher the address without any modification. The tracepoint strings need its own section to save the strings because the trace_printk section will cause the trace_printk() buffers to be allocated if anything exists within the section. trace_printk() is only used for debugging and should never exist in the kernel, we can not use the trace_printk sections. Add a new tracepoint_str section that will also be examined by the output of the printk_format file. Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2013-07-13 01:07:27 +04:00
TRACEPOINT_STR()
/*
* Data section helpers
*/
#define NOSAVE_DATA \
. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \
__nosave_begin = .; \
*(.data..nosave) \
. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \
__nosave_end = .;
#define PAGE_ALIGNED_DATA(page_align) \
. = ALIGN(page_align); \
*(.data..page_aligned) \
. = ALIGN(page_align);
#define READ_MOSTLY_DATA(align) \
. = ALIGN(align); \
*(.data..read_mostly) \
. = ALIGN(align);
#define CACHELINE_ALIGNED_DATA(align) \
. = ALIGN(align); \
*(.data..cacheline_aligned)
#define INIT_TASK_DATA(align) \
. = ALIGN(align); \
__start_init_task = .; \
init_thread_union = .; \
init_stack = .; \
KEEP(*(.data..init_task)) \
KEEP(*(.data..init_thread_info)) \
. = __start_init_task + THREAD_SIZE; \
__end_init_task = .;
#define JUMP_TABLE_DATA \
. = ALIGN(8); \
__start___jump_table = .; \
KEEP(*(__jump_table)) \
__stop___jump_table = .;
#define STATIC_CALL_DATA \
. = ALIGN(8); \
__start_static_call_sites = .; \
KEEP(*(.static_call_sites)) \
__stop_static_call_sites = .; \
__start_static_call_tramp_key = .; \
KEEP(*(.static_call_tramp_key)) \
__stop_static_call_tramp_key = .;
/*
* Allow architectures to handle ro_after_init data on their
* own by defining an empty RO_AFTER_INIT_DATA.
*/
#ifndef RO_AFTER_INIT_DATA
#define RO_AFTER_INIT_DATA \
. = ALIGN(8); \
__start_ro_after_init = .; \
*(.data..ro_after_init) \
JUMP_TABLE_DATA \
STATIC_CALL_DATA \
__end_ro_after_init = .;
#endif
/*
* Read only Data
*/
#define RO_DATA(align) \
. = ALIGN((align)); \
.rodata : AT(ADDR(.rodata) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
__start_rodata = .; \
*(.rodata) *(.rodata.*) \
SCHED_DATA \
RO_AFTER_INIT_DATA /* Read only after init */ \
tracepoints: Fix section alignment using pointer array Make the tracepoints more robust, making them solid enough to handle compiler changes by not relying on anything based on compiler-specific behavior with respect to structure alignment. Implement an approach proposed by David Miller: use an array of const pointers to refer to the individual structures, and export this pointer array through the linker script rather than the structures per se. It will consume 32 extra bytes per tracepoint (24 for structure padding and 8 for the pointers), but are less likely to break due to compiler changes. History: commit 7e066fb8 tracepoints: add DECLARE_TRACE() and DEFINE_TRACE() added the aligned(32) type and variable attribute to the tracepoint structures to deal with gcc happily aligning statically defined structures on 32-byte multiples. One attempt was to use a 8-byte alignment for tracepoint structures by applying both the variable and type attribute to tracepoint structures definitions and declarations. It worked fine with gcc 4.5.1, but broke with gcc 4.4.4 and 4.4.5. The reason is that the "aligned" attribute only specify the _minimum_ alignment for a structure, leaving both the compiler and the linker free to align on larger multiples. Because tracepoint.c expects the structures to be placed as an array within each section, up-alignment cause NULL-pointer exceptions due to the extra unexpected padding. (this patch applies on top of -tip) Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> LKML-Reference: <20110126222622.GA10794@Krystal> CC: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> CC: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> CC: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> CC: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> CC: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> CC: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2011-01-27 01:26:22 +03:00
. = ALIGN(8); \
__start___tracepoints_ptrs = .; \
KEEP(*(__tracepoints_ptrs)) /* Tracepoints: pointer array */ \
__stop___tracepoints_ptrs = .; \
tracing: Kernel Tracepoints Implementation of kernel tracepoints. Inspired from the Linux Kernel Markers. Allows complete typing verification by declaring both tracing statement inline functions and probe registration/unregistration static inline functions within the same macro "DEFINE_TRACE". No format string is required. See the tracepoint Documentation and Samples patches for usage examples. Taken from the documentation patch : "A tracepoint placed in code provides a hook to call a function (probe) that you can provide at runtime. A tracepoint can be "on" (a probe is connected to it) or "off" (no probe is attached). When a tracepoint is "off" it has no effect, except for adding a tiny time penalty (checking a condition for a branch) and space penalty (adding a few bytes for the function call at the end of the instrumented function and adds a data structure in a separate section). When a tracepoint is "on", the function you provide is called each time the tracepoint is executed, in the execution context of the caller. When the function provided ends its execution, it returns to the caller (continuing from the tracepoint site). You can put tracepoints at important locations in the code. They are lightweight hooks that can pass an arbitrary number of parameters, which prototypes are described in a tracepoint declaration placed in a header file." Addition and removal of tracepoints is synchronized by RCU using the scheduler (and preempt_disable) as guarantees to find a quiescent state (this is really RCU "classic"). The update side uses rcu_barrier_sched() with call_rcu_sched() and the read/execute side uses "preempt_disable()/preempt_enable()". We make sure the previous array containing probes, which has been scheduled for deletion by the rcu callback, is indeed freed before we proceed to the next update. It therefore limits the rate of modification of a single tracepoint to one update per RCU period. The objective here is to permit fast batch add/removal of probes on _different_ tracepoints. Changelog : - Use #name ":" #proto as string to identify the tracepoint in the tracepoint table. This will make sure not type mismatch happens due to connexion of a probe with the wrong type to a tracepoint declared with the same name in a different header. - Add tracepoint_entry_free_old. - Change __TO_TRACE to get rid of the 'i' iterator. Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> : Tested on x86-64. Performance impact of a tracepoint : same as markers, except that it adds about 70 bytes of instructions in an unlikely branch of each instrumented function (the for loop, the stack setup and the function call). It currently adds a memory read, a test and a conditional branch at the instrumentation site (in the hot path). Immediate values will eventually change this into a load immediate, test and branch, which removes the memory read which will make the i-cache impact smaller (changing the memory read for a load immediate removes 3-4 bytes per site on x86_32 (depending on mov prefixes), or 7-8 bytes on x86_64, it also saves the d-cache hit). About the performance impact of tracepoints (which is comparable to markers), even without immediate values optimizations, tests done by Hideo Aoki on ia64 show no regression. His test case was using hackbench on a kernel where scheduler instrumentation (about 5 events in code scheduler code) was added. Quoting Hideo Aoki about Markers : I evaluated overhead of kernel marker using linux-2.6-sched-fixes git tree, which includes several markers for LTTng, using an ia64 server. While the immediate trace mark feature isn't implemented on ia64, there is no major performance regression. So, I think that we don't have any issues to propose merging marker point patches into Linus's tree from the viewpoint of performance impact. I prepared two kernels to evaluate. The first one was compiled without CONFIG_MARKERS. The second one was enabled CONFIG_MARKERS. I downloaded the original hackbench from the following URL: http://devresources.linux-foundation.org/craiger/hackbench/src/hackbench.c I ran hackbench 5 times in each condition and calculated the average and difference between the kernels. The parameter of hackbench: every 50 from 50 to 800 The number of CPUs of the server: 2, 4, and 8 Below is the results. As you can see, major performance regression wasn't found in any case. Even if number of processes increases, differences between marker-enabled kernel and marker- disabled kernel doesn't increase. Moreover, if number of CPUs increases, the differences doesn't increase either. Curiously, marker-enabled kernel is better than marker-disabled kernel in more than half cases, although I guess it comes from the difference of memory access pattern. * 2 CPUs Number of | without | with | diff | diff | processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] | -------------------------------------------------------------- 50 | 4.811 | 4.872 | +0.061 | +1.27 | 100 | 9.854 | 10.309 | +0.454 | +4.61 | 150 | 15.602 | 15.040 | -0.562 | -3.6 | 200 | 20.489 | 20.380 | -0.109 | -0.53 | 250 | 25.798 | 25.652 | -0.146 | -0.56 | 300 | 31.260 | 30.797 | -0.463 | -1.48 | 350 | 36.121 | 35.770 | -0.351 | -0.97 | 400 | 42.288 | 42.102 | -0.186 | -0.44 | 450 | 47.778 | 47.253 | -0.526 | -1.1 | 500 | 51.953 | 52.278 | +0.325 | +0.63 | 550 | 58.401 | 57.700 | -0.701 | -1.2 | 600 | 63.334 | 63.222 | -0.112 | -0.18 | 650 | 68.816 | 68.511 | -0.306 | -0.44 | 700 | 74.667 | 74.088 | -0.579 | -0.78 | 750 | 78.612 | 79.582 | +0.970 | +1.23 | 800 | 85.431 | 85.263 | -0.168 | -0.2 | -------------------------------------------------------------- * 4 CPUs Number of | without | with | diff | diff | processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] | -------------------------------------------------------------- 50 | 2.586 | 2.584 | -0.003 | -0.1 | 100 | 5.254 | 5.283 | +0.030 | +0.56 | 150 | 8.012 | 8.074 | +0.061 | +0.76 | 200 | 11.172 | 11.000 | -0.172 | -1.54 | 250 | 13.917 | 14.036 | +0.119 | +0.86 | 300 | 16.905 | 16.543 | -0.362 | -2.14 | 350 | 19.901 | 20.036 | +0.135 | +0.68 | 400 | 22.908 | 23.094 | +0.186 | +0.81 | 450 | 26.273 | 26.101 | -0.172 | -0.66 | 500 | 29.554 | 29.092 | -0.461 | -1.56 | 550 | 32.377 | 32.274 | -0.103 | -0.32 | 600 | 35.855 | 35.322 | -0.533 | -1.49 | 650 | 39.192 | 38.388 | -0.804 | -2.05 | 700 | 41.744 | 41.719 | -0.025 | -0.06 | 750 | 45.016 | 44.496 | -0.520 | -1.16 | 800 | 48.212 | 47.603 | -0.609 | -1.26 | -------------------------------------------------------------- * 8 CPUs Number of | without | with | diff | diff | processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] | -------------------------------------------------------------- 50 | 2.094 | 2.072 | -0.022 | -1.07 | 100 | 4.162 | 4.273 | +0.111 | +2.66 | 150 | 6.485 | 6.540 | +0.055 | +0.84 | 200 | 8.556 | 8.478 | -0.078 | -0.91 | 250 | 10.458 | 10.258 | -0.200 | -1.91 | 300 | 12.425 | 12.750 | +0.325 | +2.62 | 350 | 14.807 | 14.839 | +0.032 | +0.22 | 400 | 16.801 | 16.959 | +0.158 | +0.94 | 450 | 19.478 | 19.009 | -0.470 | -2.41 | 500 | 21.296 | 21.504 | +0.208 | +0.98 | 550 | 23.842 | 23.979 | +0.137 | +0.57 | 600 | 26.309 | 26.111 | -0.198 | -0.75 | 650 | 28.705 | 28.446 | -0.259 | -0.9 | 700 | 31.233 | 31.394 | +0.161 | +0.52 | 750 | 34.064 | 33.720 | -0.344 | -1.01 | 800 | 36.320 | 36.114 | -0.206 | -0.57 | -------------------------------------------------------------- Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Acked-by: 'Peter Zijlstra' <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-07-18 20:16:16 +04:00
*(__tracepoints_strings)/* Tracepoints: strings */ \
} \
\
.rodata1 : AT(ADDR(.rodata1) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
*(.rodata1) \
} \
\
/* PCI quirks */ \
.pci_fixup : AT(ADDR(.pci_fixup) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
__start_pci_fixups_early = .; \
KEEP(*(.pci_fixup_early)) \
__end_pci_fixups_early = .; \
__start_pci_fixups_header = .; \
KEEP(*(.pci_fixup_header)) \
__end_pci_fixups_header = .; \
__start_pci_fixups_final = .; \
KEEP(*(.pci_fixup_final)) \
__end_pci_fixups_final = .; \
__start_pci_fixups_enable = .; \
KEEP(*(.pci_fixup_enable)) \
__end_pci_fixups_enable = .; \
__start_pci_fixups_resume = .; \
KEEP(*(.pci_fixup_resume)) \
__end_pci_fixups_resume = .; \
__start_pci_fixups_resume_early = .; \
KEEP(*(.pci_fixup_resume_early)) \
__end_pci_fixups_resume_early = .; \
__start_pci_fixups_suspend = .; \
KEEP(*(.pci_fixup_suspend)) \
__end_pci_fixups_suspend = .; \
__start_pci_fixups_suspend_late = .; \
KEEP(*(.pci_fixup_suspend_late)) \
__end_pci_fixups_suspend_late = .; \
} \
\
/* Built-in firmware blobs */ \
.builtin_fw : AT(ADDR(.builtin_fw) - LOAD_OFFSET) ALIGN(8) { \
__start_builtin_fw = .; \
KEEP(*(.builtin_fw)) \
__end_builtin_fw = .; \
} \
\
TRACEDATA \
\
/* Kernel symbol table: Normal symbols */ \
__ksymtab : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
__start___ksymtab = .; \
KEEP(*(SORT(___ksymtab+*))) \
__stop___ksymtab = .; \
} \
\
/* Kernel symbol table: GPL-only symbols */ \
__ksymtab_gpl : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab_gpl) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
__start___ksymtab_gpl = .; \
KEEP(*(SORT(___ksymtab_gpl+*))) \
__stop___ksymtab_gpl = .; \
} \
\
/* Kernel symbol table: Normal symbols */ \
__kcrctab : AT(ADDR(__kcrctab) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
__start___kcrctab = .; \
KEEP(*(SORT(___kcrctab+*))) \
__stop___kcrctab = .; \
} \
\
/* Kernel symbol table: GPL-only symbols */ \
__kcrctab_gpl : AT(ADDR(__kcrctab_gpl) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
__start___kcrctab_gpl = .; \
KEEP(*(SORT(___kcrctab_gpl+*))) \
__stop___kcrctab_gpl = .; \
} \
\
/* Kernel symbol table: strings */ \
__ksymtab_strings : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab_strings) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
*(__ksymtab_strings) \
} \
\
/* __*init sections */ \
__init_rodata : AT(ADDR(__init_rodata) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
Introduce new section reference annotations tags: __ref, __refdata, __refconst Today we have the following annotations for functions/data referencing __init/__exit functions / data: __init_refok => for init functions __initdata_refok => for init data __exit_refok => for exit functions There is really no difference between the __init and __exit versions and simplify it and to introduce a shorter annotation the following new annotations are introduced: __ref => for functions (code) that references __*init / __*exit __refdata => for variables __refconst => for const variables Whit this annotation is it more obvious what the annotation is for and there is no longer the arbitary division between __init and __exit code. The mechanishm is the same as before - a special section is created which is made part of the usual sections in the linker script. We will start to see annotations like this: -static struct pci_serial_quirk pci_serial_quirks[] = { +static const struct pci_serial_quirk pci_serial_quirks[] __refconst = { ----------------- -static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata cpuid_class_cpu_notifier = +static struct notifier_block cpuid_class_cpu_notifier __refdata = ---------------- -static int threshold_cpu_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb, +static int __ref threshold_cpu_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb, [The above is just random samples]. Note: No modifications were needed in modpost to support the new sections due to the newly introduced blacklisting. Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2008-01-28 22:21:15 +03:00
*(.ref.rodata) \
MEM_KEEP(init.rodata) \
MEM_KEEP(exit.rodata) \
} \
\
/* Built-in module parameters. */ \
__param : AT(ADDR(__param) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
__start___param = .; \
KEEP(*(__param)) \
__stop___param = .; \
} \
\
/* Built-in module versions. */ \
__modver : AT(ADDR(__modver) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
__start___modver = .; \
KEEP(*(__modver)) \
__stop___modver = .; \
} \
\
RO_EXCEPTION_TABLE \
NOTES \
bpf: Support llvm-objcopy for vmlinux BTF Simplify gen_btf logic to make it work with llvm-objcopy. The existing 'file format' and 'architecture' parsing logic is brittle and does not work with llvm-objcopy/llvm-objdump. 'file format' output of llvm-objdump>=11 will match GNU objdump, but 'architecture' (bfdarch) may not. .BTF in .tmp_vmlinux.btf is non-SHF_ALLOC. Add the SHF_ALLOC flag because it is part of vmlinux image used for introspection. C code can reference the section via linker script defined __start_BTF and __stop_BTF. This fixes a small problem that previous .BTF had the SHF_WRITE flag (objcopy -I binary -O elf* synthesized .data). Additionally, `objcopy -I binary` synthesized symbols _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_start and _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_stop (not used elsewhere) are replaced with more commonplace __start_BTF and __stop_BTF. Add 2>/dev/null because GNU objcopy (but not llvm-objcopy) warns "empty loadable segment detected at vaddr=0xffffffff81000000, is this intentional?" We use a dd command to change the e_type field in the ELF header from ET_EXEC to ET_REL so that lld will accept .btf.vmlinux.bin.o. Accepting ET_EXEC as an input file is an extremely rare GNU ld feature that lld does not intend to support, because this is error-prone. The output section description .BTF in include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h avoids potential subtle orphan section placement issues and suppresses --orphan-handling=warn warnings. Fixes: df786c9b9476 ("bpf: Force .BTF section start to zero when dumping from vmlinux") Fixes: cb0cc635c7a9 ("powerpc: Include .BTF section") Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Tested-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com> Tested-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Reviewed-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> (powerpc) Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/871 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200318222746.173648-1-maskray@google.com
2020-03-19 01:27:46 +03:00
BTF \
\
. = ALIGN((align)); \
__end_rodata = .;
add support for Clang CFI This change adds support for Clang’s forward-edge Control Flow Integrity (CFI) checking. With CONFIG_CFI_CLANG, the compiler injects a runtime check before each indirect function call to ensure the target is a valid function with the correct static type. This restricts possible call targets and makes it more difficult for an attacker to exploit bugs that allow the modification of stored function pointers. For more details, see: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ControlFlowIntegrity.html Clang requires CONFIG_LTO_CLANG to be enabled with CFI to gain visibility to possible call targets. Kernel modules are supported with Clang’s cross-DSO CFI mode, which allows checking between independently compiled components. With CFI enabled, the compiler injects a __cfi_check() function into the kernel and each module for validating local call targets. For cross-module calls that cannot be validated locally, the compiler calls the global __cfi_slowpath_diag() function, which determines the target module and calls the correct __cfi_check() function. This patch includes a slowpath implementation that uses __module_address() to resolve call targets, and with CONFIG_CFI_CLANG_SHADOW enabled, a shadow map that speeds up module look-ups by ~3x. Clang implements indirect call checking using jump tables and offers two methods of generating them. With canonical jump tables, the compiler renames each address-taken function to <function>.cfi and points the original symbol to a jump table entry, which passes __cfi_check() validation. This isn’t compatible with stand-alone assembly code, which the compiler doesn’t instrument, and would result in indirect calls to assembly code to fail. Therefore, we default to using non-canonical jump tables instead, where the compiler generates a local jump table entry <function>.cfi_jt for each address-taken function, and replaces all references to the function with the address of the jump table entry. Note that because non-canonical jump table addresses are local to each component, they break cross-module function address equality. Specifically, the address of a global function will be different in each module, as it's replaced with the address of a local jump table entry. If this address is passed to a different module, it won’t match the address of the same function taken there. This may break code that relies on comparing addresses passed from other components. CFI checking can be disabled in a function with the __nocfi attribute. Additionally, CFI can be disabled for an entire compilation unit by filtering out CC_FLAGS_CFI. By default, CFI failures result in a kernel panic to stop a potential exploit. CONFIG_CFI_PERMISSIVE enables a permissive mode, where the kernel prints out a rate-limited warning instead, and allows execution to continue. This option is helpful for locating type mismatches, but should only be enabled during development. Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210408182843.1754385-2-samitolvanen@google.com
2021-04-08 21:28:26 +03:00
/*
* .text..L.cfi.jumptable.* contain Control-Flow Integrity (CFI)
* jump table entries.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_CFI_CLANG
#define TEXT_CFI_JT \
. = ALIGN(PMD_SIZE); \
__cfi_jt_start = .; \
*(.text..L.cfi.jumptable .text..L.cfi.jumptable.*) \
. = ALIGN(PMD_SIZE); \
__cfi_jt_end = .;
#else
#define TEXT_CFI_JT
#endif
/*
* Non-instrumentable text section
*/
#define NOINSTR_TEXT \
ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \
__noinstr_text_start = .; \
*(.noinstr.text) \
__noinstr_text_end = .;
/*
* .text section. Map to function alignment to avoid address changes
* during second ld run in second ld pass when generating System.map
*
* TEXT_MAIN here will match .text.fixup and .text.unlikely if dead
* code elimination is enabled, so these sections should be converted
* to use ".." first.
*/
#define TEXT_TEXT \
ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \
vmlinux.lds.h: Add PGO and AutoFDO input sections Basically, consider .text.{hot|unlikely|unknown}.* part of .text, too. When compiling with profiling information (collected via PGO instrumentations or AutoFDO sampling), Clang will separate code into .text.hot, .text.unlikely, or .text.unknown sections based on profiling information. After D79600 (clang-11), these sections will have a trailing `.` suffix, ie. .text.hot., .text.unlikely., .text.unknown.. When using -ffunction-sections together with profiling infomation, either explicitly (FGKASLR) or implicitly (LTO), code may be placed in sections following the convention: .text.hot.<foo>, .text.unlikely.<bar>, .text.unknown.<baz> where <foo>, <bar>, and <baz> are functions. (This produces one section per function; we generally try to merge these all back via linker script so that we don't have 50k sections). For the above cases, we need to teach our linker scripts that such sections might exist and that we'd explicitly like them grouped together, otherwise we can wind up with code outside of the _stext/_etext boundaries that might not be mapped properly for some architectures, resulting in boot failures. If the linker script is not told about possible input sections, then where the section is placed as output is a heuristic-laiden mess that's non-portable between linkers (ie. BFD and LLD), and has resulted in many hard to debug bugs. Kees Cook is working on cleaning this up by adding --orphan-handling=warn linker flag used in ARCH=powerpc to additional architectures. In the case of linker scripts, borrowing from the Zen of Python: explicit is better than implicit. Also, ld.bfd's internal linker script considers .text.hot AND .text.hot.* to be part of .text, as well as .text.unlikely and .text.unlikely.*. I didn't see support for .text.unknown.*, and didn't see Clang producing such code in our kernel builds, but I see code in LLVM that can produce such section names if profiling information is missing. That may point to a larger issue with generating or collecting profiles, but I would much rather be safe and explicit than have to debug yet another issue related to orphan section placement. Reported-by: Jian Cai <jiancai@google.com> Suggested-by: Fāng-ruì Sòng <maskray@google.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Tested-by: Luis Lozano <llozano@google.com> Tested-by: Manoj Gupta <manojgupta@google.com> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://sourceware.org/git/?p=binutils-gdb.git;a=commitdiff;h=add44f8d5c5c05e08b11e033127a744d61c26aee Link: https://sourceware.org/git/?p=binutils-gdb.git;a=commitdiff;h=1de778ed23ce7492c523d5850c6c6dbb34152655 Link: https://reviews.llvm.org/D79600 Link: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1084760 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200821194310.3089815-7-keescook@chromium.org Debugged-by: Luis Lozano <llozano@google.com>
2020-08-21 22:42:47 +03:00
*(.text.hot .text.hot.*) \
*(TEXT_MAIN .text.fixup) \
*(.text.unlikely .text.unlikely.*) \
*(.text.unknown .text.unknown.*) \
NOINSTR_TEXT \
locking/refcounts, x86/asm: Use unique .text section for refcount exceptions Using .text.unlikely for refcount exceptions isn't safe because gcc may move entire functions into .text.unlikely (e.g. in6_dev_dev()), which would cause any uses of a protected refcount_t function to stay inline with the function, triggering the protection unconditionally: .section .text.unlikely,"ax",@progbits .type in6_dev_get, @function in6_dev_getx: .LFB4673: .loc 2 4128 0 .cfi_startproc ... lock; incl 480(%rbx) js 111f .pushsection .text.unlikely 111: lea 480(%rbx), %rcx 112: .byte 0x0f, 0xff .popsection 113: This creates a unique .text..refcount section and adds an additional test to the exception handler to WARN in the case of having none of OF, SF, nor ZF set so we can see things like this more easily in the future. The double dot for the section name keeps it out of the TEXT_MAIN macro namespace, to avoid collisions and so it can be put at the end with text.unlikely to keep the cold code together. See commit: cb87481ee89db ("kbuild: linker script do not match C names unless LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION is configured") ... which matches C names: [a-zA-Z0-9_] but not ".". Reported-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Cc: Elena <elena.reshetova@intel.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: linux-arch <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org> Fixes: 7a46ec0e2f48 ("locking/refcounts, x86/asm: Implement fast refcount overflow protection") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1504382986-49301-2-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-09-02 23:09:45 +03:00
*(.text..refcount) \
Introduce new section reference annotations tags: __ref, __refdata, __refconst Today we have the following annotations for functions/data referencing __init/__exit functions / data: __init_refok => for init functions __initdata_refok => for init data __exit_refok => for exit functions There is really no difference between the __init and __exit versions and simplify it and to introduce a shorter annotation the following new annotations are introduced: __ref => for functions (code) that references __*init / __*exit __refdata => for variables __refconst => for const variables Whit this annotation is it more obvious what the annotation is for and there is no longer the arbitary division between __init and __exit code. The mechanishm is the same as before - a special section is created which is made part of the usual sections in the linker script. We will start to see annotations like this: -static struct pci_serial_quirk pci_serial_quirks[] = { +static const struct pci_serial_quirk pci_serial_quirks[] __refconst = { ----------------- -static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata cpuid_class_cpu_notifier = +static struct notifier_block cpuid_class_cpu_notifier __refdata = ---------------- -static int threshold_cpu_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb, +static int __ref threshold_cpu_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb, [The above is just random samples]. Note: No modifications were needed in modpost to support the new sections due to the newly introduced blacklisting. Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2008-01-28 22:21:15 +03:00
*(.ref.text) \
add support for Clang CFI This change adds support for Clang’s forward-edge Control Flow Integrity (CFI) checking. With CONFIG_CFI_CLANG, the compiler injects a runtime check before each indirect function call to ensure the target is a valid function with the correct static type. This restricts possible call targets and makes it more difficult for an attacker to exploit bugs that allow the modification of stored function pointers. For more details, see: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ControlFlowIntegrity.html Clang requires CONFIG_LTO_CLANG to be enabled with CFI to gain visibility to possible call targets. Kernel modules are supported with Clang’s cross-DSO CFI mode, which allows checking between independently compiled components. With CFI enabled, the compiler injects a __cfi_check() function into the kernel and each module for validating local call targets. For cross-module calls that cannot be validated locally, the compiler calls the global __cfi_slowpath_diag() function, which determines the target module and calls the correct __cfi_check() function. This patch includes a slowpath implementation that uses __module_address() to resolve call targets, and with CONFIG_CFI_CLANG_SHADOW enabled, a shadow map that speeds up module look-ups by ~3x. Clang implements indirect call checking using jump tables and offers two methods of generating them. With canonical jump tables, the compiler renames each address-taken function to <function>.cfi and points the original symbol to a jump table entry, which passes __cfi_check() validation. This isn’t compatible with stand-alone assembly code, which the compiler doesn’t instrument, and would result in indirect calls to assembly code to fail. Therefore, we default to using non-canonical jump tables instead, where the compiler generates a local jump table entry <function>.cfi_jt for each address-taken function, and replaces all references to the function with the address of the jump table entry. Note that because non-canonical jump table addresses are local to each component, they break cross-module function address equality. Specifically, the address of a global function will be different in each module, as it's replaced with the address of a local jump table entry. If this address is passed to a different module, it won’t match the address of the same function taken there. This may break code that relies on comparing addresses passed from other components. CFI checking can be disabled in a function with the __nocfi attribute. Additionally, CFI can be disabled for an entire compilation unit by filtering out CC_FLAGS_CFI. By default, CFI failures result in a kernel panic to stop a potential exploit. CONFIG_CFI_PERMISSIVE enables a permissive mode, where the kernel prints out a rate-limited warning instead, and allows execution to continue. This option is helpful for locating type mismatches, but should only be enabled during development. Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210408182843.1754385-2-samitolvanen@google.com
2021-04-08 21:28:26 +03:00
TEXT_CFI_JT \
MEM_KEEP(init.text*) \
MEM_KEEP(exit.text*) \
/* sched.text is aling to function alignment to secure we have same
* address even at second ld pass when generating System.map */
#define SCHED_TEXT \
ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \
__sched_text_start = .; \
*(.sched.text) \
__sched_text_end = .;
/* spinlock.text is aling to function alignment to secure we have same
* address even at second ld pass when generating System.map */
#define LOCK_TEXT \
ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \
__lock_text_start = .; \
*(.spinlock.text) \
__lock_text_end = .;
#define CPUIDLE_TEXT \
ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \
__cpuidle_text_start = .; \
*(.cpuidle.text) \
__cpuidle_text_end = .;
#define KPROBES_TEXT \
ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \
__kprobes_text_start = .; \
*(.kprobes.text) \
__kprobes_text_end = .;
x86: Separate out entry text section Put x86 entry code into a separate link section: .entry.text. Separating the entry text section seems to have performance benefits - caused by more efficient instruction cache usage. Running hackbench with perf stat --repeat showed that the change compresses the icache footprint. The icache load miss rate went down by about 15%: before patch: 19417627 L1-icache-load-misses ( +- 0.147% ) after patch: 16490788 L1-icache-load-misses ( +- 0.180% ) The motivation of the patch was to fix a particular kprobes bug that relates to the entry text section, the performance advantage was discovered accidentally. Whole perf output follows: - results for current tip tree: Performance counter stats for './hackbench/hackbench 10' (500 runs): 19417627 L1-icache-load-misses ( +- 0.147% ) 2676914223 instructions # 0.497 IPC ( +- 0.079% ) 5389516026 cycles ( +- 0.144% ) 0.206267711 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.138% ) - results for current tip tree with the patch applied: Performance counter stats for './hackbench/hackbench 10' (500 runs): 16490788 L1-icache-load-misses ( +- 0.180% ) 2717734941 instructions # 0.502 IPC ( +- 0.079% ) 5414756975 cycles ( +- 0.148% ) 0.206747566 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.137% ) Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk> Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Cc: masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com Cc: ananth@in.ibm.com Cc: davem@davemloft.net Cc: 2nddept-manager@sdl.hitachi.co.jp LKML-Reference: <20110307181039.GB15197@jolsa.redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-03-07 21:10:39 +03:00
#define ENTRY_TEXT \
ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \
__entry_text_start = .; \
x86: Separate out entry text section Put x86 entry code into a separate link section: .entry.text. Separating the entry text section seems to have performance benefits - caused by more efficient instruction cache usage. Running hackbench with perf stat --repeat showed that the change compresses the icache footprint. The icache load miss rate went down by about 15%: before patch: 19417627 L1-icache-load-misses ( +- 0.147% ) after patch: 16490788 L1-icache-load-misses ( +- 0.180% ) The motivation of the patch was to fix a particular kprobes bug that relates to the entry text section, the performance advantage was discovered accidentally. Whole perf output follows: - results for current tip tree: Performance counter stats for './hackbench/hackbench 10' (500 runs): 19417627 L1-icache-load-misses ( +- 0.147% ) 2676914223 instructions # 0.497 IPC ( +- 0.079% ) 5389516026 cycles ( +- 0.144% ) 0.206267711 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.138% ) - results for current tip tree with the patch applied: Performance counter stats for './hackbench/hackbench 10' (500 runs): 16490788 L1-icache-load-misses ( +- 0.180% ) 2717734941 instructions # 0.502 IPC ( +- 0.079% ) 5414756975 cycles ( +- 0.148% ) 0.206747566 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.137% ) Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk> Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Cc: masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com Cc: ananth@in.ibm.com Cc: davem@davemloft.net Cc: 2nddept-manager@sdl.hitachi.co.jp LKML-Reference: <20110307181039.GB15197@jolsa.redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-03-07 21:10:39 +03:00
*(.entry.text) \
__entry_text_end = .;
x86: Separate out entry text section Put x86 entry code into a separate link section: .entry.text. Separating the entry text section seems to have performance benefits - caused by more efficient instruction cache usage. Running hackbench with perf stat --repeat showed that the change compresses the icache footprint. The icache load miss rate went down by about 15%: before patch: 19417627 L1-icache-load-misses ( +- 0.147% ) after patch: 16490788 L1-icache-load-misses ( +- 0.180% ) The motivation of the patch was to fix a particular kprobes bug that relates to the entry text section, the performance advantage was discovered accidentally. Whole perf output follows: - results for current tip tree: Performance counter stats for './hackbench/hackbench 10' (500 runs): 19417627 L1-icache-load-misses ( +- 0.147% ) 2676914223 instructions # 0.497 IPC ( +- 0.079% ) 5389516026 cycles ( +- 0.144% ) 0.206267711 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.138% ) - results for current tip tree with the patch applied: Performance counter stats for './hackbench/hackbench 10' (500 runs): 16490788 L1-icache-load-misses ( +- 0.180% ) 2717734941 instructions # 0.502 IPC ( +- 0.079% ) 5414756975 cycles ( +- 0.148% ) 0.206747566 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.137% ) Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk> Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Cc: masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com Cc: ananth@in.ibm.com Cc: davem@davemloft.net Cc: 2nddept-manager@sdl.hitachi.co.jp LKML-Reference: <20110307181039.GB15197@jolsa.redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-03-07 21:10:39 +03:00
#define IRQENTRY_TEXT \
ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \
__irqentry_text_start = .; \
*(.irqentry.text) \
__irqentry_text_end = .;
#define SOFTIRQENTRY_TEXT \
ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \
__softirqentry_text_start = .; \
*(.softirqentry.text) \
__softirqentry_text_end = .;
#define STATIC_CALL_TEXT \
ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \
__static_call_text_start = .; \
*(.static_call.text) \
__static_call_text_end = .;
/* Section used for early init (in .S files) */
#define HEAD_TEXT KEEP(*(.head.text))
#define HEAD_TEXT_SECTION \
.head.text : AT(ADDR(.head.text) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
HEAD_TEXT \
}
/*
* Exception table
*/
#define EXCEPTION_TABLE(align) \
. = ALIGN(align); \
__ex_table : AT(ADDR(__ex_table) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
__start___ex_table = .; \
KEEP(*(__ex_table)) \
__stop___ex_table = .; \
}
bpf: Support llvm-objcopy for vmlinux BTF Simplify gen_btf logic to make it work with llvm-objcopy. The existing 'file format' and 'architecture' parsing logic is brittle and does not work with llvm-objcopy/llvm-objdump. 'file format' output of llvm-objdump>=11 will match GNU objdump, but 'architecture' (bfdarch) may not. .BTF in .tmp_vmlinux.btf is non-SHF_ALLOC. Add the SHF_ALLOC flag because it is part of vmlinux image used for introspection. C code can reference the section via linker script defined __start_BTF and __stop_BTF. This fixes a small problem that previous .BTF had the SHF_WRITE flag (objcopy -I binary -O elf* synthesized .data). Additionally, `objcopy -I binary` synthesized symbols _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_start and _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_stop (not used elsewhere) are replaced with more commonplace __start_BTF and __stop_BTF. Add 2>/dev/null because GNU objcopy (but not llvm-objcopy) warns "empty loadable segment detected at vaddr=0xffffffff81000000, is this intentional?" We use a dd command to change the e_type field in the ELF header from ET_EXEC to ET_REL so that lld will accept .btf.vmlinux.bin.o. Accepting ET_EXEC as an input file is an extremely rare GNU ld feature that lld does not intend to support, because this is error-prone. The output section description .BTF in include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h avoids potential subtle orphan section placement issues and suppresses --orphan-handling=warn warnings. Fixes: df786c9b9476 ("bpf: Force .BTF section start to zero when dumping from vmlinux") Fixes: cb0cc635c7a9 ("powerpc: Include .BTF section") Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Tested-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com> Tested-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Reviewed-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> (powerpc) Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/871 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200318222746.173648-1-maskray@google.com
2020-03-19 01:27:46 +03:00
/*
* .BTF
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF
#define BTF \
.BTF : AT(ADDR(.BTF) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
__start_BTF = .; \
KEEP(*(.BTF)) \
bpf: Support llvm-objcopy for vmlinux BTF Simplify gen_btf logic to make it work with llvm-objcopy. The existing 'file format' and 'architecture' parsing logic is brittle and does not work with llvm-objcopy/llvm-objdump. 'file format' output of llvm-objdump>=11 will match GNU objdump, but 'architecture' (bfdarch) may not. .BTF in .tmp_vmlinux.btf is non-SHF_ALLOC. Add the SHF_ALLOC flag because it is part of vmlinux image used for introspection. C code can reference the section via linker script defined __start_BTF and __stop_BTF. This fixes a small problem that previous .BTF had the SHF_WRITE flag (objcopy -I binary -O elf* synthesized .data). Additionally, `objcopy -I binary` synthesized symbols _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_start and _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_stop (not used elsewhere) are replaced with more commonplace __start_BTF and __stop_BTF. Add 2>/dev/null because GNU objcopy (but not llvm-objcopy) warns "empty loadable segment detected at vaddr=0xffffffff81000000, is this intentional?" We use a dd command to change the e_type field in the ELF header from ET_EXEC to ET_REL so that lld will accept .btf.vmlinux.bin.o. Accepting ET_EXEC as an input file is an extremely rare GNU ld feature that lld does not intend to support, because this is error-prone. The output section description .BTF in include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h avoids potential subtle orphan section placement issues and suppresses --orphan-handling=warn warnings. Fixes: df786c9b9476 ("bpf: Force .BTF section start to zero when dumping from vmlinux") Fixes: cb0cc635c7a9 ("powerpc: Include .BTF section") Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Tested-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com> Tested-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Reviewed-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> (powerpc) Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/871 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200318222746.173648-1-maskray@google.com
2020-03-19 01:27:46 +03:00
__stop_BTF = .; \
} \
. = ALIGN(4); \
.BTF_ids : AT(ADDR(.BTF_ids) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
*(.BTF_ids) \
bpf: Support llvm-objcopy for vmlinux BTF Simplify gen_btf logic to make it work with llvm-objcopy. The existing 'file format' and 'architecture' parsing logic is brittle and does not work with llvm-objcopy/llvm-objdump. 'file format' output of llvm-objdump>=11 will match GNU objdump, but 'architecture' (bfdarch) may not. .BTF in .tmp_vmlinux.btf is non-SHF_ALLOC. Add the SHF_ALLOC flag because it is part of vmlinux image used for introspection. C code can reference the section via linker script defined __start_BTF and __stop_BTF. This fixes a small problem that previous .BTF had the SHF_WRITE flag (objcopy -I binary -O elf* synthesized .data). Additionally, `objcopy -I binary` synthesized symbols _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_start and _binary__btf_vmlinux_bin_stop (not used elsewhere) are replaced with more commonplace __start_BTF and __stop_BTF. Add 2>/dev/null because GNU objcopy (but not llvm-objcopy) warns "empty loadable segment detected at vaddr=0xffffffff81000000, is this intentional?" We use a dd command to change the e_type field in the ELF header from ET_EXEC to ET_REL so that lld will accept .btf.vmlinux.bin.o. Accepting ET_EXEC as an input file is an extremely rare GNU ld feature that lld does not intend to support, because this is error-prone. The output section description .BTF in include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h avoids potential subtle orphan section placement issues and suppresses --orphan-handling=warn warnings. Fixes: df786c9b9476 ("bpf: Force .BTF section start to zero when dumping from vmlinux") Fixes: cb0cc635c7a9 ("powerpc: Include .BTF section") Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Tested-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com> Tested-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Reviewed-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> (powerpc) Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/871 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200318222746.173648-1-maskray@google.com
2020-03-19 01:27:46 +03:00
}
#else
#define BTF
#endif
/*
* Init task
*/
#define INIT_TASK_DATA_SECTION(align) \
. = ALIGN(align); \
.data..init_task : AT(ADDR(.data..init_task) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
INIT_TASK_DATA(align) \
}
#ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
gcov: fix __ctors_start alignment The ctors section for each object file is eight byte aligned (on 64 bit). However the __ctors_start symbol starts at an arbitrary address dependent on the size of the previous sections. Therefore the linker may add some zeroes after __ctors_start to make sure the ctors contents are properly aligned. However the extra zeroes at the beginning aren't expected by the code. When walking the functions pointers contained in there and extra zeroes are added this may result in random jumps. So make sure that the __ctors_start symbol is always aligned as well. Fixes this crash on an allyesconfig on s390: [ 0.582482] Kernel BUG at 0000000000000012 [verbose debug info unavailable] [ 0.582489] illegal operation: 0001 [#1] SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC [ 0.582496] Modules linked in: [ 0.582501] CPU: 0 Tainted: G W 2.6.31-rc1-dirty #273 [ 0.582506] Process swapper (pid: 1, task: 000000003f218000, ksp: 000000003f2238e8) [ 0.582510] Krnl PSW : 0704200180000000 0000000000000012 (0x12) [ 0.582518] R:0 T:1 IO:1 EX:1 Key:0 M:1 W:0 P:0 AS:0 CC:2 PM:0 EA:3 [ 0.582524] Krnl GPRS: 0000000000036727 0000000000000010 0000000000000001 0000000000000001 [ 0.582529] 00000000001dfefa 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000040 [ 0.582534] 0000000001fff0f0 0000000001790628 0000000002296048 0000000002296048 [ 0.582540] 00000000020c438e 0000000001786000 0000000002014a66 000000003f223e60 [ 0.582553] Krnl Code:>0000000000000012: 0000 unknown [ 0.582559] 0000000000000014: 0000 unknown [ 0.582564] 0000000000000016: 0000 unknown [ 0.582570] 0000000000000018: 0000 unknown [ 0.582575] 000000000000001a: 0000 unknown [ 0.582580] 000000000000001c: 0000 unknown [ 0.582585] 000000000000001e: 0000 unknown [ 0.582591] 0000000000000020: 0000 unknown [ 0.582596] Call Trace: [ 0.582599] ([<0000000002014a46>] kernel_init+0x622/0x7a0) [ 0.582607] [<0000000000113e22>] kernel_thread_starter+0x6/0xc [ 0.582615] [<0000000000113e1c>] kernel_thread_starter+0x0/0xc [ 0.582621] INFO: lockdep is turned off. [ 0.582624] Last Breaking-Event-Address: [ 0.582627] [<0000000002014a64>] kernel_init+0x640/0x7a0 Cc: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-06-30 22:41:13 +04:00
#define KERNEL_CTORS() . = ALIGN(8); \
__ctors_start = .; \
KEEP(*(SORT(.ctors.*))) \
KEEP(*(.ctors)) \
KEEP(*(SORT(.init_array.*))) \
KEEP(*(.init_array)) \
__ctors_end = .;
#else
#define KERNEL_CTORS()
#endif
/* init and exit section handling */
#define INIT_DATA \
KEEP(*(SORT(___kentry+*))) \
*(.init.data init.data.*) \
MEM_DISCARD(init.data*) \
KERNEL_CTORS() \
MCOUNT_REC() \
*(.init.rodata .init.rodata.*) \
tracing: Replace trace_event struct array with pointer array Currently the trace_event structures are placed in the _ftrace_events section, and at link time, the linker makes one large array of all the trace_event structures. On boot up, this array is read (much like the initcall sections) and the events are processed. The problem is that there is no guarantee that gcc will place complex structures nicely together in an array format. Two structures in the same file may be placed awkwardly, because gcc has no clue that they are suppose to be in an array. A hack was used previous to force the alignment to 4, to pack the structures together. But this caused alignment issues with other architectures (sparc). Instead of packing the structures into an array, the structures' addresses are now put into the _ftrace_event section. As pointers are always the natural alignment, gcc should always pack them tightly together (otherwise initcall, extable, etc would also fail). By having the pointers to the structures in the section, we can still iterate the trace_events without causing unnecessary alignment problems with other architectures, or depending on the current behaviour of gcc that will likely change in the future just to tick us kernel developers off a little more. The _ftrace_event section is also moved into the .init.data section as it is now only needed at boot up. Suggested-by: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2011-01-27 17:15:30 +03:00
FTRACE_EVENTS() \
tracing: Replace syscall_meta_data struct array with pointer array Currently the syscall_meta structures for the syscall tracepoints are placed in the __syscall_metadata section, and at link time, the linker makes one large array of all these syscall metadata structures. On boot up, this array is read (much like the initcall sections) and the syscall data is processed. The problem is that there is no guarantee that gcc will place complex structures nicely together in an array format. Two structures in the same file may be placed awkwardly, because gcc has no clue that they are suppose to be in an array. A hack was used previous to force the alignment to 4, to pack the structures together. But this caused alignment issues with other architectures (sparc). Instead of packing the structures into an array, the structures' addresses are now put into the __syscall_metadata section. As pointers are always the natural alignment, gcc should always pack them tightly together (otherwise initcall, extable, etc would also fail). By having the pointers to the structures in the section, we can still iterate the trace_events without causing unnecessary alignment problems with other architectures, or depending on the current behaviour of gcc that will likely change in the future just to tick us kernel developers off a little more. The __syscall_metadata section is also moved into the .init.data section as it is now only needed at boot up. Suggested-by: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2011-02-03 01:06:09 +03:00
TRACE_SYSCALLS() \
kprobes: Introduce NOKPROBE_SYMBOL() macro to maintain kprobes blacklist Introduce NOKPROBE_SYMBOL() macro which builds a kprobes blacklist at kernel build time. The usage of this macro is similar to EXPORT_SYMBOL(), placed after the function definition: NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(function); Since this macro will inhibit inlining of static/inline functions, this patch also introduces a nokprobe_inline macro for static/inline functions. In this case, we must use NOKPROBE_SYMBOL() for the inline function caller. When CONFIG_KPROBES=y, the macro stores the given function address in the "_kprobe_blacklist" section. Since the data structures are not fully initialized by the macro (because there is no "size" information), those are re-initialized at boot time by using kallsyms. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140417081705.26341.96719.stgit@ltc230.yrl.intra.hitachi.co.jp Cc: Alok Kataria <akataria@vmware.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Christopher Li <sparse@chrisli.org> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Jan-Simon Möller <dl9pf@gmx.de> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-sparse@vger.kernel.org Cc: virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2014-04-17 12:17:05 +04:00
KPROBE_BLACKLIST() \
ERROR_INJECT_WHITELIST() \
MEM_DISCARD(init.rodata) \
CLK_OF_TABLES() \
RESERVEDMEM_OF_TABLES() \
TIMER_OF_TABLES() \
CPU_METHOD_OF_TABLES() \
CPUIDLE_METHOD_OF_TABLES() \
irqchip: add basic infrastructure With the recent creation of the drivers/irqchip/ directory, it is desirable to move irq controller drivers here. At the moment, the only driver here is irq-bcm2835, the driver for the irq controller found in the ARM BCM2835 SoC, present in Rasberry Pi systems. This irq controller driver was exporting its initialization function and its irq handling function through a header file in <linux/irqchip/bcm2835.h>. When proposing to also move another irq controller driver in drivers/irqchip, Rob Herring raised the very valid point that moving things to drivers/irqchip was good in order to remove more stuff from arch/arm, but if it means adding gazillions of headers files in include/linux/irqchip/, it would not be very nice. So, upon the suggestion of Rob Herring and Arnd Bergmann, this commit introduces a small infrastructure that defines a central irqchip_init() function in drivers/irqchip/irqchip.c, which is meant to be called as the ->init_irq() callback of ARM platforms. This function calls of_irq_init() with an array of match strings and init functions generated from a special linker section. Note that the irq controller driver initialization function is responsible for setting the global handle_arch_irq() variable, so that ARM platforms no longer have to define the ->handle_irq field in their DT_MACHINE structure. A global header, <linux/irqchip.h> is also added to expose the single irqchip_init() function to the reset of the kernel. A further commit moves the BCM2835 irq controller driver to this new small infrastructure, therefore removing the include/linux/irqchip/ directory. Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com> Reviewed-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org> Reviewed-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com> Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> [rob.herring: reword commit message to reflect use of linker sections.] Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com>
2012-11-21 02:00:52 +04:00
KERNEL_DTB() \
IRQCHIP_OF_MATCH_TABLE() \
ACPI_PROBE_TABLE(irqchip) \
ACPI_PROBE_TABLE(timer) \
THERMAL_TABLE(governor) \
powercap/drivers/dtpm: Add API for dynamic thermal power management On the embedded world, the complexity of the SoC leads to an increasing number of hotspots which need to be monitored and mitigated as a whole in order to prevent the temperature to go above the normative and legally stated 'skin temperature'. Another aspect is to sustain the performance for a given power budget, for example virtual reality where the user can feel dizziness if the GPU performance is capped while a big CPU is processing something else. Or reduce the battery charging because the dissipated power is too high compared with the power consumed by other devices. The userspace is the most adequate place to dynamically act on the different devices by limiting their power given an application profile: it has the knowledge of the platform. These userspace daemons are in charge of the Dynamic Thermal Power Management (DTPM). Nowadays, the dtpm daemons are abusing the thermal framework as they act on the cooling device state to force a specific and arbitrary state without taking care of the governor decisions. Given the closed loop of some governors that can confuse the logic or directly enter in a decision conflict. As the number of cooling device support is limited today to the CPU and the GPU, the dtpm daemons have little control on the power dissipation of the system. The out of tree solutions are hacking around here and there in the drivers, in the frameworks to have control on the devices. The common solution is to declare them as cooling devices. There is no unification of the power limitation unit, opaque states are used. This patch provides a way to create a hierarchy of constraints using the powercap framework. The devices which are registered as power limit-able devices are represented in this hierarchy as a tree. They are linked together with intermediate nodes which are just there to propagate the constraint to the children. The leaves of the tree are the real devices, the intermediate nodes are virtual, aggregating the children constraints and power characteristics. Each node have a weight on a 2^10 basis, in order to reflect the percentage of power distribution of the children's node. This percentage is used to dispatch the power limit to the children. The weight is computed against the max power of the siblings. This simple approach allows to do a fair distribution of the power limit. Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Lukasz Luba <lukasz.luba@arm.com> Tested-by: Lukasz Luba <lukasz.luba@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
2020-12-08 19:41:44 +03:00
DTPM_TABLE() \
EARLYCON_TABLE() \
LSM_TABLE() \
EARLY_LSM_TABLE() \
KUNIT_TABLE()
#define INIT_TEXT \
*(.init.text .init.text.*) \
vmlinux.lds: account for destructor sections If CONFIG_KASAN is enabled and gcc is configured with --disable-initfini-array and/or gold linker is used, gcc emits .ctors/.dtors and .text.startup/.text.exit sections instead of .init_array/.fini_array. .dtors section is not explicitly accounted in the linker script and messes vvar/percpu layout. We want: ffffffff822bfd80 D _edata ffffffff822c0000 D __vvar_beginning_hack ffffffff822c0000 A __vvar_page ffffffff822c0080 0000000000000098 D vsyscall_gtod_data ffffffff822c1000 A __init_begin ffffffff822c1000 D init_per_cpu__irq_stack_union ffffffff822c1000 A __per_cpu_load ffffffff822d3000 D init_per_cpu__gdt_page We got: ffffffff8279a600 D _edata ffffffff8279b000 A __vvar_page ffffffff8279c000 A __init_begin ffffffff8279c000 D init_per_cpu__irq_stack_union ffffffff8279c000 A __per_cpu_load ffffffff8279e000 D __vvar_beginning_hack ffffffff8279e080 0000000000000098 D vsyscall_gtod_data ffffffff827ae000 D init_per_cpu__gdt_page This happens because __vvar_page and .vvar get different addresses in arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S: . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); __vvar_page = .; .vvar : AT(ADDR(.vvar) - LOAD_OFFSET) { /* work around gold bug 13023 */ __vvar_beginning_hack = .; Discard .dtors/.fini_array/.text.exit, since we don't call dtors. Merge .text.startup into init text. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467386363-120030-1-git-send-email-dvyukov@google.com Signed-off-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Reviewed-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.0+] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-14 22:07:29 +03:00
*(.text.startup) \
MEM_DISCARD(init.text*)
#define EXIT_DATA \
*(.exit.data .exit.data.*) \
*(.fini_array .fini_array.*) \
*(.dtors .dtors.*) \
MEM_DISCARD(exit.data*) \
MEM_DISCARD(exit.rodata*)
#define EXIT_TEXT \
*(.exit.text) \
vmlinux.lds: account for destructor sections If CONFIG_KASAN is enabled and gcc is configured with --disable-initfini-array and/or gold linker is used, gcc emits .ctors/.dtors and .text.startup/.text.exit sections instead of .init_array/.fini_array. .dtors section is not explicitly accounted in the linker script and messes vvar/percpu layout. We want: ffffffff822bfd80 D _edata ffffffff822c0000 D __vvar_beginning_hack ffffffff822c0000 A __vvar_page ffffffff822c0080 0000000000000098 D vsyscall_gtod_data ffffffff822c1000 A __init_begin ffffffff822c1000 D init_per_cpu__irq_stack_union ffffffff822c1000 A __per_cpu_load ffffffff822d3000 D init_per_cpu__gdt_page We got: ffffffff8279a600 D _edata ffffffff8279b000 A __vvar_page ffffffff8279c000 A __init_begin ffffffff8279c000 D init_per_cpu__irq_stack_union ffffffff8279c000 A __per_cpu_load ffffffff8279e000 D __vvar_beginning_hack ffffffff8279e080 0000000000000098 D vsyscall_gtod_data ffffffff827ae000 D init_per_cpu__gdt_page This happens because __vvar_page and .vvar get different addresses in arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S: . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); __vvar_page = .; .vvar : AT(ADDR(.vvar) - LOAD_OFFSET) { /* work around gold bug 13023 */ __vvar_beginning_hack = .; Discard .dtors/.fini_array/.text.exit, since we don't call dtors. Merge .text.startup into init text. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467386363-120030-1-git-send-email-dvyukov@google.com Signed-off-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Reviewed-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.0+] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-14 22:07:29 +03:00
*(.text.exit) \
MEM_DISCARD(exit.text)
#define EXIT_CALL \
*(.exitcall.exit)
/*
* bss (Block Started by Symbol) - uninitialized data
* zeroed during startup
*/
vmlinux.lds.h: restructure BSS linker script macros The BSS section macros in vmlinux.lds.h currently place the .sbss input section outside the bounds of [__bss_start, __bss_end]. On all architectures except for microblaze that handle both .sbss and __bss_start/__bss_end, this is wrong: the .sbss input section is within the range [__bss_start, __bss_end]. Relatedly, the example code at the top of the file actually has __bss_start/__bss_end defined twice; I believe the right fix here is to define them in the BSS_SECTION macro but not in the BSS macro. Another problem with the current macros is that several architectures have an ALIGN(4) or some other small number just before __bss_stop in their linker scripts. The BSS_SECTION macro currently hardcodes this to 4; while it should really be an argument. It also ignores its sbss_align argument; fix that. mn10300 is the only user at present of any of the macros touched by this patch. It looks like mn10300 actually was incorrectly converted to use the new BSS() macro (the alignment of 4 prior to conversion was a __bss_stop alignment, but the argument to the BSS macro is a start alignment). So fix this as well. I'd like acks from Sam and David on this one. Also CCing Paul, since he has a patch from me which will need to be updated to use BSS_SECTION(0, PAGE_SIZE, 4) once this gets merged. Signed-off-by: Tim Abbott <tabbott@ksplice.com> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2009-07-13 02:23:33 +04:00
#define SBSS(sbss_align) \
. = ALIGN(sbss_align); \
.sbss : AT(ADDR(.sbss) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
*(.dynsbss) \
*(SBSS_MAIN) \
*(.scommon) \
}
/*
* Allow archectures to redefine BSS_FIRST_SECTIONS to add extra
* sections to the front of bss.
*/
#ifndef BSS_FIRST_SECTIONS
#define BSS_FIRST_SECTIONS
#endif
#define BSS(bss_align) \
. = ALIGN(bss_align); \
.bss : AT(ADDR(.bss) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
BSS_FIRST_SECTIONS \
. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \
*(.bss..page_aligned) \
. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \
*(.dynbss) \
*(BSS_MAIN) \
*(COMMON) \
}
/*
* DWARF debug sections.
* Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to
* the beginning of the section so we begin them at 0.
*/
#define DWARF_DEBUG \
/* DWARF 1 */ \
.debug 0 : { *(.debug) } \
.line 0 : { *(.line) } \
/* GNU DWARF 1 extensions */ \
.debug_srcinfo 0 : { *(.debug_srcinfo) } \
.debug_sfnames 0 : { *(.debug_sfnames) } \
/* DWARF 1.1 and DWARF 2 */ \
.debug_aranges 0 : { *(.debug_aranges) } \
.debug_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_pubnames) } \
/* DWARF 2 */ \
.debug_info 0 : { *(.debug_info \
.gnu.linkonce.wi.*) } \
.debug_abbrev 0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) } \
.debug_line 0 : { *(.debug_line) } \
.debug_frame 0 : { *(.debug_frame) } \
.debug_str 0 : { *(.debug_str) } \
.debug_loc 0 : { *(.debug_loc) } \
.debug_macinfo 0 : { *(.debug_macinfo) } \
.debug_pubtypes 0 : { *(.debug_pubtypes) } \
/* DWARF 3 */ \
.debug_ranges 0 : { *(.debug_ranges) } \
/* SGI/MIPS DWARF 2 extensions */ \
.debug_weaknames 0 : { *(.debug_weaknames) } \
.debug_funcnames 0 : { *(.debug_funcnames) } \
.debug_typenames 0 : { *(.debug_typenames) } \
.debug_varnames 0 : { *(.debug_varnames) } \
/* GNU DWARF 2 extensions */ \
.debug_gnu_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_gnu_pubnames) } \
.debug_gnu_pubtypes 0 : { *(.debug_gnu_pubtypes) } \
/* DWARF 4 */ \
.debug_types 0 : { *(.debug_types) } \
/* DWARF 5 */ \
.debug_addr 0 : { *(.debug_addr) } \
.debug_line_str 0 : { *(.debug_line_str) } \
.debug_loclists 0 : { *(.debug_loclists) } \
.debug_macro 0 : { *(.debug_macro) } \
.debug_names 0 : { *(.debug_names) } \
.debug_rnglists 0 : { *(.debug_rnglists) } \
.debug_str_offsets 0 : { *(.debug_str_offsets) }
/* Stabs debugging sections. */
#define STABS_DEBUG \
.stab 0 : { *(.stab) } \
.stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) } \
.stab.excl 0 : { *(.stab.excl) } \
.stab.exclstr 0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) } \
.stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) } \
.stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) }
/* Required sections not related to debugging. */
#define ELF_DETAILS \
.comment 0 : { *(.comment) } \
.symtab 0 : { *(.symtab) } \
.strtab 0 : { *(.strtab) } \
.shstrtab 0 : { *(.shstrtab) }
#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG
[PATCH] Generic BUG implementation This patch adds common handling for kernel BUGs, for use by architectures as they wish. The code is derived from arch/powerpc. The advantages of having common BUG handling are: - consistent BUG reporting across architectures - shared implementation of out-of-line file/line data - implement CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE consistently This means that in inline impact of BUG is just the illegal instruction itself, which is an improvement for i386 and x86-64. A BUG is represented in the instruction stream as an illegal instruction, which has file/line information associated with it. This extra information is stored in the __bug_table section in the ELF file. When the kernel gets an illegal instruction, it first confirms it might possibly be from a BUG (ie, in kernel mode, the right illegal instruction). It then calls report_bug(). This searches __bug_table for a matching instruction pointer, and if found, prints the corresponding file/line information. If report_bug() determines that it wasn't a BUG which caused the trap, it returns BUG_TRAP_TYPE_NONE. Some architectures (powerpc) implement WARN using the same mechanism; if the illegal instruction was the result of a WARN, then report_bug(Q) returns CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE; otherwise it returns BUG_TRAP_TYPE_BUG. lib/bug.c keeps a list of loaded modules which can be searched for __bug_table entries. The architecture must call module_bug_finalize()/module_bug_cleanup() from its corresponding module_finalize/cleanup functions. Unsetting CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE will reduce the kernel size by some amount. At the very least, filename and line information will not be recorded for each but, but architectures may decide to store no extra information per BUG at all. Unfortunately, gcc doesn't have a general way to mark an asm() as noreturn, so architectures will generally have to include an infinite loop (or similar) in the BUG code, so that gcc knows execution won't continue beyond that point. gcc does have a __builtin_trap() operator which may be useful to achieve the same effect, unfortunately it cannot be used to actually implement the BUG itself, because there's no way to get the instruction's address for use in generating the __bug_table entry. [randy.dunlap@oracle.com: Handle BUG=n, GENERIC_BUG=n to prevent build errors] [bunk@stusta.de: include/linux/bug.h must always #include <linux/module.h] Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> Cc: Hugh Dickens <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-08 13:36:19 +03:00
#define BUG_TABLE \
. = ALIGN(8); \
__bug_table : AT(ADDR(__bug_table) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
__start___bug_table = .; \
KEEP(*(__bug_table)) \
__stop___bug_table = .; \
[PATCH] Generic BUG implementation This patch adds common handling for kernel BUGs, for use by architectures as they wish. The code is derived from arch/powerpc. The advantages of having common BUG handling are: - consistent BUG reporting across architectures - shared implementation of out-of-line file/line data - implement CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE consistently This means that in inline impact of BUG is just the illegal instruction itself, which is an improvement for i386 and x86-64. A BUG is represented in the instruction stream as an illegal instruction, which has file/line information associated with it. This extra information is stored in the __bug_table section in the ELF file. When the kernel gets an illegal instruction, it first confirms it might possibly be from a BUG (ie, in kernel mode, the right illegal instruction). It then calls report_bug(). This searches __bug_table for a matching instruction pointer, and if found, prints the corresponding file/line information. If report_bug() determines that it wasn't a BUG which caused the trap, it returns BUG_TRAP_TYPE_NONE. Some architectures (powerpc) implement WARN using the same mechanism; if the illegal instruction was the result of a WARN, then report_bug(Q) returns CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE; otherwise it returns BUG_TRAP_TYPE_BUG. lib/bug.c keeps a list of loaded modules which can be searched for __bug_table entries. The architecture must call module_bug_finalize()/module_bug_cleanup() from its corresponding module_finalize/cleanup functions. Unsetting CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE will reduce the kernel size by some amount. At the very least, filename and line information will not be recorded for each but, but architectures may decide to store no extra information per BUG at all. Unfortunately, gcc doesn't have a general way to mark an asm() as noreturn, so architectures will generally have to include an infinite loop (or similar) in the BUG code, so that gcc knows execution won't continue beyond that point. gcc does have a __builtin_trap() operator which may be useful to achieve the same effect, unfortunately it cannot be used to actually implement the BUG itself, because there's no way to get the instruction's address for use in generating the __bug_table entry. [randy.dunlap@oracle.com: Handle BUG=n, GENERIC_BUG=n to prevent build errors] [bunk@stusta.de: include/linux/bug.h must always #include <linux/module.h] Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> Cc: Hugh Dickens <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-08 13:36:19 +03:00
}
#else
#define BUG_TABLE
#endif
[PATCH] Generic BUG implementation This patch adds common handling for kernel BUGs, for use by architectures as they wish. The code is derived from arch/powerpc. The advantages of having common BUG handling are: - consistent BUG reporting across architectures - shared implementation of out-of-line file/line data - implement CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE consistently This means that in inline impact of BUG is just the illegal instruction itself, which is an improvement for i386 and x86-64. A BUG is represented in the instruction stream as an illegal instruction, which has file/line information associated with it. This extra information is stored in the __bug_table section in the ELF file. When the kernel gets an illegal instruction, it first confirms it might possibly be from a BUG (ie, in kernel mode, the right illegal instruction). It then calls report_bug(). This searches __bug_table for a matching instruction pointer, and if found, prints the corresponding file/line information. If report_bug() determines that it wasn't a BUG which caused the trap, it returns BUG_TRAP_TYPE_NONE. Some architectures (powerpc) implement WARN using the same mechanism; if the illegal instruction was the result of a WARN, then report_bug(Q) returns CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE; otherwise it returns BUG_TRAP_TYPE_BUG. lib/bug.c keeps a list of loaded modules which can be searched for __bug_table entries. The architecture must call module_bug_finalize()/module_bug_cleanup() from its corresponding module_finalize/cleanup functions. Unsetting CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE will reduce the kernel size by some amount. At the very least, filename and line information will not be recorded for each but, but architectures may decide to store no extra information per BUG at all. Unfortunately, gcc doesn't have a general way to mark an asm() as noreturn, so architectures will generally have to include an infinite loop (or similar) in the BUG code, so that gcc knows execution won't continue beyond that point. gcc does have a __builtin_trap() operator which may be useful to achieve the same effect, unfortunately it cannot be used to actually implement the BUG itself, because there's no way to get the instruction's address for use in generating the __bug_table entry. [randy.dunlap@oracle.com: Handle BUG=n, GENERIC_BUG=n to prevent build errors] [bunk@stusta.de: include/linux/bug.h must always #include <linux/module.h] Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> Cc: Hugh Dickens <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-08 13:36:19 +03:00
#ifdef CONFIG_UNWINDER_ORC
#define ORC_UNWIND_TABLE \
. = ALIGN(4); \
.orc_unwind_ip : AT(ADDR(.orc_unwind_ip) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
__start_orc_unwind_ip = .; \
KEEP(*(.orc_unwind_ip)) \
__stop_orc_unwind_ip = .; \
} \
. = ALIGN(2); \
.orc_unwind : AT(ADDR(.orc_unwind) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
__start_orc_unwind = .; \
KEEP(*(.orc_unwind)) \
__stop_orc_unwind = .; \
} \
. = ALIGN(4); \
.orc_lookup : AT(ADDR(.orc_lookup) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
orc_lookup = .; \
. += (((SIZEOF(.text) + LOOKUP_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / \
LOOKUP_BLOCK_SIZE) + 1) * 4; \
orc_lookup_end = .; \
}
#else
#define ORC_UNWIND_TABLE
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PM_TRACE
#define TRACEDATA \
. = ALIGN(4); \
.tracedata : AT(ADDR(.tracedata) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
__tracedata_start = .; \
KEEP(*(.tracedata)) \
__tracedata_end = .; \
}
#else
#define TRACEDATA
#endif
#define NOTES \
.notes : AT(ADDR(.notes) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
__start_notes = .; \
KEEP(*(.note.*)) \
__stop_notes = .; \
} NOTES_HEADERS \
NOTES_HEADERS_RESTORE
#define INIT_SETUP(initsetup_align) \
. = ALIGN(initsetup_align); \
__setup_start = .; \
KEEP(*(.init.setup)) \
__setup_end = .;
#define INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(level) \
__initcall##level##_start = .; \
KEEP(*(.initcall##level##.init)) \
KEEP(*(.initcall##level##s.init)) \
#define INIT_CALLS \
__initcall_start = .; \
KEEP(*(.initcallearly.init)) \
INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(0) \
INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(1) \
INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(2) \
INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(3) \
INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(4) \
INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(5) \
INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(rootfs) \
INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(6) \
INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(7) \
__initcall_end = .;
#define CON_INITCALL \
__con_initcall_start = .; \
KEEP(*(.con_initcall.init)) \
__con_initcall_end = .;
/* Alignment must be consistent with (kunit_suite *) in include/kunit/test.h */
#define KUNIT_TABLE() \
. = ALIGN(8); \
__kunit_suites_start = .; \
KEEP(*(.kunit_test_suites)) \
__kunit_suites_end = .;
#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
#define INIT_RAM_FS \
. = ALIGN(4); \
__initramfs_start = .; \
KEEP(*(.init.ramfs)) \
initramfs: fix initramfs size calculation The size of a built-in initramfs is calculated in init/initramfs.c by "__initramfs_end - __initramfs_start". Those symbols are defined in the linker script include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h: #define INIT_RAM_FS \ . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \ VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__initramfs_start) = .; \ *(.init.ramfs) \ VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__initramfs_end) = .; If the initramfs file has an odd number of bytes, the "__initramfs_end" symbol points to an odd address, for example, the symbols in the System.map might look like: 0000000000572000 T __initramfs_start 00000000005bcd05 T __initramfs_end <-- odd address At least on s390 this causes a problem: Certain s390 instructions, especially instructions for loading addresses (larl) or branch addresses must be on even addresses. The compiler loads the symbol addresses with the "larl" instruction. This instruction sets the last bit to 0 and, therefore, for odd size files, the calculated size is one byte less than it should be: 0000000000540a9c <populate_rootfs>: 540a9c: eb cf f0 78 00 24 stmg %r12,%r15,120(%r15), 540aa2: c0 10 00 01 8a af larl %r1,572000 <__initramfs_start> 540aa8: c0 c0 00 03 e1 2e larl %r12,5bcd04 <initramfs_end> (Instead of 5bcd05) ... 540abe: 1b c1 sr %r12,%r1 To fix the problem, this patch introduces the global variable __initramfs_size, which is calculated in the "usr/initramfs_data.S" file. The populate_rootfs() function can then use the start marker of the .init.ramfs section and the value of __initramfs_size for loading the initramfs. Because the start marker and size is sufficient, the __initramfs_end symbol is no longer needed and is removed. Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com> Acked-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz> Acked-by: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2010-09-18 02:24:11 +04:00
. = ALIGN(8); \
KEEP(*(.init.ramfs.info))
#else
#define INIT_RAM_FS
#endif
/*
* Memory encryption operates on a page basis. Since we need to clear
* the memory encryption mask for this section, it needs to be aligned
* on a page boundary and be a page-size multiple in length.
*
* Note: We use a separate section so that only this section gets
* decrypted to avoid exposing more than we wish.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
#define PERCPU_DECRYPTED_SECTION \
. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \
*(.data..decrypted) \
*(.data..percpu..decrypted) \
. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
#else
#define PERCPU_DECRYPTED_SECTION
#endif
/*
* Default discarded sections.
*
* Some archs want to discard exit text/data at runtime rather than
* link time due to cross-section references such as alt instructions,
* bug table, eh_frame, etc. DISCARDS must be the last of output
* section definitions so that such archs put those in earlier section
* definitions.
*/
#ifdef RUNTIME_DISCARD_EXIT
#define EXIT_DISCARDS
#else
#define EXIT_DISCARDS \
EXIT_TEXT \
EXIT_DATA
#endif
/*
vmlinux.lds.h: Define SANTIZER_DISCARDS with CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL=y clang produces .eh_frame sections when CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL is enabled, even when -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables is in KBUILD_CFLAGS: $ make CC=clang vmlinux ... ld: warning: orphan section `.eh_frame' from `init/main.o' being placed in section `.eh_frame' ld: warning: orphan section `.eh_frame' from `init/version.o' being placed in section `.eh_frame' ld: warning: orphan section `.eh_frame' from `init/do_mounts.o' being placed in section `.eh_frame' ld: warning: orphan section `.eh_frame' from `init/do_mounts_initrd.o' being placed in section `.eh_frame' ld: warning: orphan section `.eh_frame' from `init/initramfs.o' being placed in section `.eh_frame' ld: warning: orphan section `.eh_frame' from `init/calibrate.o' being placed in section `.eh_frame' ld: warning: orphan section `.eh_frame' from `init/init_task.o' being placed in section `.eh_frame' ... $ rg "GCOV_KERNEL|GCOV_PROFILE_ALL" .config CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL=y CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_GCOV_PROFILE_ALL=y CONFIG_GCOV_PROFILE_ALL=y This was already handled for a couple of other options in commit d812db78288d ("vmlinux.lds.h: Avoid KASAN and KCSAN's unwanted sections") and there is an open LLVM bug for this issue. Take advantage of that section for this config as well so that there are no more orphan warnings. Link: https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46478 Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1069 Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com> Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Fixes: d812db78288d ("vmlinux.lds.h: Avoid KASAN and KCSAN's unwanted sections") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210130004650.2682422-1-nathan@kernel.org
2021-01-30 03:46:51 +03:00
* Clang's -fprofile-arcs, -fsanitize=kernel-address, and
* -fsanitize=thread produce unwanted sections (.eh_frame
* and .init_array.*), but CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS wants to
* keep any .init_array.* sections.
* https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46478
*/
add support for Clang CFI This change adds support for Clang’s forward-edge Control Flow Integrity (CFI) checking. With CONFIG_CFI_CLANG, the compiler injects a runtime check before each indirect function call to ensure the target is a valid function with the correct static type. This restricts possible call targets and makes it more difficult for an attacker to exploit bugs that allow the modification of stored function pointers. For more details, see: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ControlFlowIntegrity.html Clang requires CONFIG_LTO_CLANG to be enabled with CFI to gain visibility to possible call targets. Kernel modules are supported with Clang’s cross-DSO CFI mode, which allows checking between independently compiled components. With CFI enabled, the compiler injects a __cfi_check() function into the kernel and each module for validating local call targets. For cross-module calls that cannot be validated locally, the compiler calls the global __cfi_slowpath_diag() function, which determines the target module and calls the correct __cfi_check() function. This patch includes a slowpath implementation that uses __module_address() to resolve call targets, and with CONFIG_CFI_CLANG_SHADOW enabled, a shadow map that speeds up module look-ups by ~3x. Clang implements indirect call checking using jump tables and offers two methods of generating them. With canonical jump tables, the compiler renames each address-taken function to <function>.cfi and points the original symbol to a jump table entry, which passes __cfi_check() validation. This isn’t compatible with stand-alone assembly code, which the compiler doesn’t instrument, and would result in indirect calls to assembly code to fail. Therefore, we default to using non-canonical jump tables instead, where the compiler generates a local jump table entry <function>.cfi_jt for each address-taken function, and replaces all references to the function with the address of the jump table entry. Note that because non-canonical jump table addresses are local to each component, they break cross-module function address equality. Specifically, the address of a global function will be different in each module, as it's replaced with the address of a local jump table entry. If this address is passed to a different module, it won’t match the address of the same function taken there. This may break code that relies on comparing addresses passed from other components. CFI checking can be disabled in a function with the __nocfi attribute. Additionally, CFI can be disabled for an entire compilation unit by filtering out CC_FLAGS_CFI. By default, CFI failures result in a kernel panic to stop a potential exploit. CONFIG_CFI_PERMISSIVE enables a permissive mode, where the kernel prints out a rate-limited warning instead, and allows execution to continue. This option is helpful for locating type mismatches, but should only be enabled during development. Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210408182843.1754385-2-samitolvanen@google.com
2021-04-08 21:28:26 +03:00
#if defined(CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL) || defined(CONFIG_KASAN_GENERIC) || defined(CONFIG_KCSAN) || \
defined(CONFIG_CFI_CLANG)
# ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
# define SANITIZER_DISCARDS \
*(.eh_frame)
# else
# define SANITIZER_DISCARDS \
*(.init_array) *(.init_array.*) \
*(.eh_frame)
# endif
#else
# define SANITIZER_DISCARDS
#endif
#define COMMON_DISCARDS \
SANITIZER_DISCARDS \
*(.discard) \
*(.discard.*) \
*(.modinfo) \
/* ld.bfd warns about .gnu.version* even when not emitted */ \
*(.gnu.version*) \
2009-06-24 10:13:38 +04:00
#define DISCARDS \
/DISCARD/ : { \
EXIT_DISCARDS \
EXIT_CALL \
COMMON_DISCARDS \
2009-06-24 10:13:38 +04:00
}
/**
* PERCPU_INPUT - the percpu input sections
* @cacheline: cacheline size
*
* The core percpu section names and core symbols which do not rely
* directly upon load addresses.
*
* @cacheline is used to align subsections to avoid false cacheline
* sharing between subsections for different purposes.
*/
#define PERCPU_INPUT(cacheline) \
__per_cpu_start = .; \
*(.data..percpu..first) \
. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \
*(.data..percpu..page_aligned) \
. = ALIGN(cacheline); \
*(.data..percpu..read_mostly) \
. = ALIGN(cacheline); \
*(.data..percpu) \
*(.data..percpu..shared_aligned) \
PERCPU_DECRYPTED_SECTION \
__per_cpu_end = .;
/**
* PERCPU_VADDR - define output section for percpu area
* @cacheline: cacheline size
* @vaddr: explicit base address (optional)
* @phdr: destination PHDR (optional)
*
* Macro which expands to output section for percpu area.
*
* @cacheline is used to align subsections to avoid false cacheline
* sharing between subsections for different purposes.
*
* If @vaddr is not blank, it specifies explicit base address and all
* percpu symbols will be offset from the given address. If blank,
* @vaddr always equals @laddr + LOAD_OFFSET.
*
* @phdr defines the output PHDR to use if not blank. Be warned that
* output PHDR is sticky. If @phdr is specified, the next output
* section in the linker script will go there too. @phdr should have
* a leading colon.
*
* Note that this macros defines __per_cpu_load as an absolute symbol.
* If there is no need to put the percpu section at a predetermined
* address, use PERCPU_SECTION.
*/
#define PERCPU_VADDR(cacheline, vaddr, phdr) \
__per_cpu_load = .; \
.data..percpu vaddr : AT(__per_cpu_load - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
PERCPU_INPUT(cacheline) \
} phdr \
. = __per_cpu_load + SIZEOF(.data..percpu);
/**
* PERCPU_SECTION - define output section for percpu area, simple version
* @cacheline: cacheline size
*
* Align to PAGE_SIZE and outputs output section for percpu area. This
* macro doesn't manipulate @vaddr or @phdr and __per_cpu_load and
* __per_cpu_start will be identical.
*
* This macro is equivalent to ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); PERCPU_VADDR(@cacheline,,)
* except that __per_cpu_load is defined as a relative symbol against
* .data..percpu which is required for relocatable x86_32 configuration.
*/
#define PERCPU_SECTION(cacheline) \
. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \
.data..percpu : AT(ADDR(.data..percpu) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
__per_cpu_load = .; \
PERCPU_INPUT(cacheline) \
}
/*
* Definition of the high level *_SECTION macros
* They will fit only a subset of the architectures
*/
/*
* Writeable data.
* All sections are combined in a single .data section.
* The sections following CONSTRUCTORS are arranged so their
* typical alignment matches.
* A cacheline is typical/always less than a PAGE_SIZE so
* the sections that has this restriction (or similar)
* is located before the ones requiring PAGE_SIZE alignment.
* NOSAVE_DATA starts and ends with a PAGE_SIZE alignment which
* matches the requirement of PAGE_ALIGNED_DATA.
*
* use 0 as page_align if page_aligned data is not used */
#define RW_DATA(cacheline, pagealigned, inittask) \
. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \
.data : AT(ADDR(.data) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
INIT_TASK_DATA(inittask) \
NOSAVE_DATA \
PAGE_ALIGNED_DATA(pagealigned) \
CACHELINE_ALIGNED_DATA(cacheline) \
READ_MOSTLY_DATA(cacheline) \
DATA_DATA \
CONSTRUCTORS \
} \
BUG_TABLE \
#define INIT_TEXT_SECTION(inittext_align) \
. = ALIGN(inittext_align); \
.init.text : AT(ADDR(.init.text) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
_sinittext = .; \
INIT_TEXT \
_einittext = .; \
}
#define INIT_DATA_SECTION(initsetup_align) \
.init.data : AT(ADDR(.init.data) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
INIT_DATA \
INIT_SETUP(initsetup_align) \
INIT_CALLS \
CON_INITCALL \
INIT_RAM_FS \
}
vmlinux.lds.h: restructure BSS linker script macros The BSS section macros in vmlinux.lds.h currently place the .sbss input section outside the bounds of [__bss_start, __bss_end]. On all architectures except for microblaze that handle both .sbss and __bss_start/__bss_end, this is wrong: the .sbss input section is within the range [__bss_start, __bss_end]. Relatedly, the example code at the top of the file actually has __bss_start/__bss_end defined twice; I believe the right fix here is to define them in the BSS_SECTION macro but not in the BSS macro. Another problem with the current macros is that several architectures have an ALIGN(4) or some other small number just before __bss_stop in their linker scripts. The BSS_SECTION macro currently hardcodes this to 4; while it should really be an argument. It also ignores its sbss_align argument; fix that. mn10300 is the only user at present of any of the macros touched by this patch. It looks like mn10300 actually was incorrectly converted to use the new BSS() macro (the alignment of 4 prior to conversion was a __bss_stop alignment, but the argument to the BSS macro is a start alignment). So fix this as well. I'd like acks from Sam and David on this one. Also CCing Paul, since he has a patch from me which will need to be updated to use BSS_SECTION(0, PAGE_SIZE, 4) once this gets merged. Signed-off-by: Tim Abbott <tabbott@ksplice.com> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2009-07-13 02:23:33 +04:00
#define BSS_SECTION(sbss_align, bss_align, stop_align) \
. = ALIGN(sbss_align); \
__bss_start = .; \
vmlinux.lds.h: restructure BSS linker script macros The BSS section macros in vmlinux.lds.h currently place the .sbss input section outside the bounds of [__bss_start, __bss_end]. On all architectures except for microblaze that handle both .sbss and __bss_start/__bss_end, this is wrong: the .sbss input section is within the range [__bss_start, __bss_end]. Relatedly, the example code at the top of the file actually has __bss_start/__bss_end defined twice; I believe the right fix here is to define them in the BSS_SECTION macro but not in the BSS macro. Another problem with the current macros is that several architectures have an ALIGN(4) or some other small number just before __bss_stop in their linker scripts. The BSS_SECTION macro currently hardcodes this to 4; while it should really be an argument. It also ignores its sbss_align argument; fix that. mn10300 is the only user at present of any of the macros touched by this patch. It looks like mn10300 actually was incorrectly converted to use the new BSS() macro (the alignment of 4 prior to conversion was a __bss_stop alignment, but the argument to the BSS macro is a start alignment). So fix this as well. I'd like acks from Sam and David on this one. Also CCing Paul, since he has a patch from me which will need to be updated to use BSS_SECTION(0, PAGE_SIZE, 4) once this gets merged. Signed-off-by: Tim Abbott <tabbott@ksplice.com> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2009-07-13 02:23:33 +04:00
SBSS(sbss_align) \
BSS(bss_align) \
vmlinux.lds.h: restructure BSS linker script macros The BSS section macros in vmlinux.lds.h currently place the .sbss input section outside the bounds of [__bss_start, __bss_end]. On all architectures except for microblaze that handle both .sbss and __bss_start/__bss_end, this is wrong: the .sbss input section is within the range [__bss_start, __bss_end]. Relatedly, the example code at the top of the file actually has __bss_start/__bss_end defined twice; I believe the right fix here is to define them in the BSS_SECTION macro but not in the BSS macro. Another problem with the current macros is that several architectures have an ALIGN(4) or some other small number just before __bss_stop in their linker scripts. The BSS_SECTION macro currently hardcodes this to 4; while it should really be an argument. It also ignores its sbss_align argument; fix that. mn10300 is the only user at present of any of the macros touched by this patch. It looks like mn10300 actually was incorrectly converted to use the new BSS() macro (the alignment of 4 prior to conversion was a __bss_stop alignment, but the argument to the BSS macro is a start alignment). So fix this as well. I'd like acks from Sam and David on this one. Also CCing Paul, since he has a patch from me which will need to be updated to use BSS_SECTION(0, PAGE_SIZE, 4) once this gets merged. Signed-off-by: Tim Abbott <tabbott@ksplice.com> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2009-07-13 02:23:33 +04:00
. = ALIGN(stop_align); \
__bss_stop = .;