kbuild: make *config usage docs
Create a kconfig user assistance guide, with a few tips and hints about using menuconfig, xconfig, and gconfig. Mostly contains user interface, environment variables, and search topics, along with mini.config/custom.config usage. Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
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Randy Dunlap
Sam Ravnborg
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Коммит
2af238e455
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@ -4,5 +4,7 @@ kconfig-language.txt
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- specification of Config Language, the language in Kconfig files
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makefiles.txt
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- developer information for linux kernel makefiles
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kconfig.txt
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- usage help for make *config
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modules.txt
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- how to build modules and to install them
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@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
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This file contains some assistance for using "make *config".
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Use "make help" to list all of the possible configuration targets.
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The xconfig ('qconf') and menuconfig ('mconf') programs also
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have embedded help text. Be sure to check it for navigation,
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search, and other general help text.
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======================================================================
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General
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--------------------------------------------------
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New kernel releases often introduce new config symbols. Often more
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important, new kernel releases may rename config symbols. When
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this happens, using a previously working .config file and running
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"make oldconfig" won't necessarily produce a working new kernel
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for you, so you may find that you need to see what NEW kernel
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symbols have been introduced.
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To see a list of new config symbols when using "make oldconfig", use
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cp user/some/old.config .config
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yes "" | make oldconfig >conf.new
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and the config program will list as (NEW) any new symbols that have
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unknown values. Of course, the .config file is also updated with
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new (default) values, so you can use:
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grep "(NEW)" conf.new
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to see the new config symbols or you can 'diff' the previous and
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new .config files to see the differences:
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diff .config.old .config | less
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(Yes, we need something better here.)
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======================================================================
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menuconfig
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--------------------------------------------------
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SEARCHING for CONFIG symbols
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Searching in menuconfig:
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The Search function searches for kernel configuration symbol
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names, so you have to know something close to what you are
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looking for.
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Example:
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/hotplug
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This lists all config symbols that contain "hotplug",
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e.g., HOTPLUG, HOTPLUG_CPU, MEMORY_HOTPLUG.
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For search help, enter / followed TAB-TAB-TAB (to highlight
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<Help>) and Enter. This will tell you that you can also use
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regular expressions (regexes) in the search string, so if you
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are not interested in MEMORY_HOTPLUG, you could try
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/^hotplug
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______________________________________________________________________
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Color Themes for 'menuconfig'
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It is possible to select different color themes using the variable
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MENUCONFIG_COLOR. To select a theme use:
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make MENUCONFIG_COLOR=<theme> menuconfig
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Available themes are:
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mono => selects colors suitable for monochrome displays
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blackbg => selects a color scheme with black background
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classic => theme with blue background. The classic look
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bluetitle => a LCD friendly version of classic. (default)
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______________________________________________________________________
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Environment variables in 'menuconfig'
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KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG
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--------------------------------------------------
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(partially based on lkml email from/by Rob Landley, re: miniconfig)
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--------------------------------------------------
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The allyesconfig/allmodconfig/allnoconfig/randconfig variants can
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also use the environment variable KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG as a flag or a
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filename that contains config symbols that the user requires to be
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set to a specific value. If KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG is used without a
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filename, "make *config" checks for a file named
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"all{yes/mod/no/random}.config" (corresponding to the *config command
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that was used) for symbol values that are to be forced. If this file
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is not found, it checks for a file named "all.config" to contain forced
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values.
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This enables you to create "miniature" config (miniconfig) or custom
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config files containing just the config symbols that you are interested
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in. Then the kernel config system generates the full .config file,
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including dependencies of your miniconfig file, based on the miniconfig
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file.
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This 'KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG' file is a config file which contains
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(usually a subset of all) preset config symbols. These variable
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settings are still subject to normal dependency checks.
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Examples:
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KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=custom-notebook.config make allnoconfig
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or
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KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config make allnoconfig
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or
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make KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config allnoconfig
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These examples will disable most options (allnoconfig) but enable or
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disable the options that are explicitly listed in the specified
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mini-config files.
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KCONFIG_NOSILENTUPDATE
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--------------------------------------------------
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If this variable has a non-blank value, it prevents silent kernel
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config udpates (requires explicit updates).
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KCONFIG_CONFIG
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--------------------------------------------------
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This environment variable can be used to specify a default kernel config
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file name to override the default name of ".config".
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KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG
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--------------------------------------------------
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If you set KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG in the environment, Kconfig will not
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break symlinks when .config is a symlink to somewhere else.
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KCONFIG_NOTIMESTAMP
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--------------------------------------------------
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If this environment variable exists and is non-null, the timestamp line
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in generated .config files is omitted.
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KCONFIG_AUTOCONFIG
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--------------------------------------------------
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This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
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"auto.conf" file. Its default value is "include/config/auto.conf".
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KCONFIG_AUTOHEADER
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--------------------------------------------------
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This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
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"autoconf.h" (header) file. Its default value is "include/linux/autoconf.h".
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______________________________________________________________________
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menuconfig User Interface Options
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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MENUCONFIG_MODE
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--------------------------------------------------
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This mode shows all sub-menus in one large tree.
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Example:
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MENUCONFIG_MODE=single_menu make menuconfig
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======================================================================
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xconfig
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--------------------------------------------------
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Searching in xconfig:
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The Search function searches for kernel configuration symbol
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names, so you have to know something close to what you are
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looking for.
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Example:
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Ctrl-F hotplug
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or
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Menu: File, Search, hotplug
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lists all config symbol entries that contain "hotplug" in
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the symbol name. In this Search dialog, you may change the
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config setting for any of the entries that are not grayed out.
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You can also enter a different search string without having
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to return to the main menu.
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======================================================================
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gconfig
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--------------------------------------------------
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Searching in gconfig:
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None (gconfig isn't maintained as well as xconfig or menuconfig);
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however, gconfig does have a few more viewing choices than
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xconfig does.
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###
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30
README
30
README
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@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ DOCUMENTATION:
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- The Documentation/DocBook/ subdirectory contains several guides for
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kernel developers and users. These guides can be rendered in a
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number of formats: PostScript (.ps), PDF, and HTML, among others.
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After installation, "make psdocs", "make pdfdocs", or "make htmldocs"
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will render the documentation in the requested format.
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number of formats: PostScript (.ps), PDF, HTML, & man-pages, among others.
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After installation, "make psdocs", "make pdfdocs", "make htmldocs",
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or "make mandocs" will render the documentation in the requested format.
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INSTALLING the kernel:
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INSTALLING the kernel source:
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- If you install the full sources, put the kernel tarball in a
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directory where you have permissions (eg. your home directory) and
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@ -187,13 +187,8 @@ CONFIGURING the kernel:
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"make randconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol
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values to random values.
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The allyesconfig/allmodconfig/allnoconfig/randconfig variants can
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also use the environment variable KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG to specify a
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filename that contains config options that the user requires to be
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set to a specific value. If KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=filename is not used,
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"make *config" checks for a file named "all{yes/mod/no/random}.config"
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for symbol values that are to be forced. If this file is not found,
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it checks for a file named "all.config" to contain forced values.
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You can find more information on using the Linux kernel config tools
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in Documentation/kbuild/make-configs.txt.
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NOTES on "make config":
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- having unnecessary drivers will make the kernel bigger, and can
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@ -231,6 +226,19 @@ COMPILING the kernel:
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- If you configured any of the parts of the kernel as `modules', you
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will also have to do "make modules_install".
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- Verbose kernel compile/build output:
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Normally the kernel build system runs in a fairly quiet mode (but not
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totally silent). However, sometimes you or other kernel developers need
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to see compile, link, or other commands exactly as they are executed.
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For this, use "verbose" build mode. This is done by inserting
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"V=1" in the "make" command. E.g.:
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make V=1 all
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To have the build system also tell the reason for the rebuild of each
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target, use "V=2". The default is "V=0".
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- Keep a backup kernel handy in case something goes wrong. This is
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especially true for the development releases, since each new release
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contains new code which has not been debugged. Make sure you keep a
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