ext4: import superblocks chapter from wiki page

Import the chapter about superblocks from the on-disk format wiki
page into the kernel documentation.

Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

Documentation/filesystems/ext4/ondisk/globals.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+Global Structures
+=================
+
+The filesystem is sharded into a number of block groups, each of which
+have static metadata at fixed locations.
+
+.. include:: super.rst

Documentation/filesystems/ext4/ondisk/index.rst

@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ Data Structures and Algorithms
 ==============================
 .. include:: about.rst
 .. include:: overview.rst
+.. include:: globals.rst

Documentation/filesystems/ext4/ondisk/super.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,773 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+Super Block
+-----------
+
+The superblock records various information about the enclosing
+filesystem, such as block counts, inode counts, supported features,
+maintenance information, and more.
+
+If the sparse\_super feature flag is set, redundant copies of the
+superblock and group descriptors are kept only in the groups whose group
+number is either 0 or a power of 3, 5, or 7. If the flag is not set,
+redundant copies are kept in all groups.
+
+The superblock checksum is calculated against the superblock structure,
+which includes the FS UUID.
+
+The ext4 superblock is laid out as follows in
+``struct ext4_super_block``:
+
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 1 1 1 77
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Offset
+     - Size
+     - Name
+     - Description
+   * - 0x0
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_inodes\_count
+     - Total inode count.
+   * - 0x4
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_blocks\_count\_lo
+     - Total block count.
+   * - 0x8
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_r\_blocks\_count\_lo
+     - This number of blocks can only be allocated by the super-user.
+   * - 0xC
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_free\_blocks\_count\_lo
+     - Free block count.
+   * - 0x10
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_free\_inodes\_count
+     - Free inode count.
+   * - 0x14
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_first\_data\_block
+     - First data block. This must be at least 1 for 1k-block filesystems and
+       is typically 0 for all other block sizes.
+   * - 0x18
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_log\_block\_size
+     - Block size is 2 ^ (10 + s\_log\_block\_size).
+   * - 0x1C
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_log\_cluster\_size
+     - Cluster size is (2 ^ s\_log\_cluster\_size) blocks if bigalloc is
+       enabled. Otherwise s\_log\_cluster\_size must equal s\_log\_block\_size.
+   * - 0x20
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_blocks\_per\_group
+     - Blocks per group.
+   * - 0x24
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_clusters\_per\_group
+     - Clusters per group, if bigalloc is enabled. Otherwise
+       s\_clusters\_per\_group must equal s\_blocks\_per\_group.
+   * - 0x28
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_inodes\_per\_group
+     - Inodes per group.
+   * - 0x2C
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_mtime
+     - Mount time, in seconds since the epoch.
+   * - 0x30
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_wtime
+     - Write time, in seconds since the epoch.
+   * - 0x34
+     - \_\_le16
+     - s\_mnt\_count
+     - Number of mounts since the last fsck.
+   * - 0x36
+     - \_\_le16
+     - s\_max\_mnt\_count
+     - Number of mounts beyond which a fsck is needed.
+   * - 0x38
+     - \_\_le16
+     - s\_magic
+     - Magic signature, 0xEF53
+   * - 0x3A
+     - \_\_le16
+     - s\_state
+     - File system state. See super_state_ for more info.
+   * - 0x3C
+     - \_\_le16
+     - s\_errors
+     - Behaviour when detecting errors. See super_errors_ for more info.
+   * - 0x3E
+     - \_\_le16
+     - s\_minor\_rev\_level
+     - Minor revision level.
+   * - 0x40
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_lastcheck
+     - Time of last check, in seconds since the epoch.
+   * - 0x44
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_checkinterval
+     - Maximum time between checks, in seconds.
+   * - 0x48
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_creator\_os
+     - Creator OS. See the table super_creator_ for more info.
+   * - 0x4C
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_rev\_level
+     - Revision level. See the table super_revision_ for more info.
+   * - 0x50
+     - \_\_le16
+     - s\_def\_resuid
+     - Default uid for reserved blocks.
+   * - 0x52
+     - \_\_le16
+     - s\_def\_resgid
+     - Default gid for reserved blocks.
+   * -
+     -
+     -
+     - These fields are for EXT4_DYNAMIC_REV superblocks only.
+       
+       Note: the difference between the compatible feature set and the
+       incompatible feature set is that if there is a bit set in the
+       incompatible feature set that the kernel doesn't know about, it should
+       refuse to mount the filesystem.
+       
+       e2fsck's requirements are more strict; if it doesn't know
+       about a feature in either the compatible or incompatible feature set, it
+       must abort and not try to meddle with things it doesn't understand...
+   * - 0x54
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_first\_ino
+     - First non-reserved inode.
+   * - 0x58
+     - \_\_le16
+     - s\_inode\_size
+     - Size of inode structure, in bytes.
+   * - 0x5A
+     - \_\_le16
+     - s\_block\_group\_nr
+     - Block group # of this superblock.
+   * - 0x5C
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_feature\_compat
+     - Compatible feature set flags. Kernel can still read/write this fs even
+       if it doesn't understand a flag; fsck should not do that. See the
+       super_compat_ table for more info.
+   * - 0x60
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_feature\_incompat
+     - Incompatible feature set. If the kernel or fsck doesn't understand one
+       of these bits, it should stop. See the super_incompat_ table for more
+       info.
+   * - 0x64
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_feature\_ro\_compat
+     - Readonly-compatible feature set. If the kernel doesn't understand one of
+       these bits, it can still mount read-only. See the super_rocompat_ table
+       for more info.
+   * - 0x68
+     - \_\_u8
+     - s\_uuid[16]
+     - 128-bit UUID for volume.
+   * - 0x78
+     - char
+     - s\_volume\_name[16]
+     - Volume label.
+   * - 0x88
+     - char
+     - s\_last\_mounted[64]
+     - Directory where filesystem was last mounted.
+   * - 0xC8
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_algorithm\_usage\_bitmap
+     - For compression (Not used in e2fsprogs/Linux)
+   * -
+     -
+     -
+     - Performance hints.  Directory preallocation should only happen if the
+       EXT4_FEATURE_COMPAT_DIR_PREALLOC flag is on.
+   * - 0xCC
+     - \_\_u8
+     - s\_prealloc\_blocks
+     - #. of blocks to try to preallocate for ... files? (Not used in
+       e2fsprogs/Linux)
+   * - 0xCD
+     - \_\_u8
+     - s\_prealloc\_dir\_blocks
+     - #. of blocks to preallocate for directories. (Not used in
+       e2fsprogs/Linux)
+   * - 0xCE
+     - \_\_le16
+     - s\_reserved\_gdt\_blocks
+     - Number of reserved GDT entries for future filesystem expansion.
+   * -
+     -
+     -
+     - Journalling support is valid only if EXT4_FEATURE_COMPAT_HAS_JOURNAL is
+       set.
+   * - 0xD0
+     - \_\_u8
+     - s\_journal\_uuid[16]
+     - UUID of journal superblock
+   * - 0xE0
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_journal\_inum
+     - inode number of journal file.
+   * - 0xE4
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_journal\_dev
+     - Device number of journal file, if the external journal feature flag is
+       set.
+   * - 0xE8
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_last\_orphan
+     - Start of list of orphaned inodes to delete.
+   * - 0xEC
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_hash\_seed[4]
+     - HTREE hash seed.
+   * - 0xFC
+     - \_\_u8
+     - s\_def\_hash\_version
+     - Default hash algorithm to use for directory hashes. See super_def_hash_
+       for more info.
+   * - 0xFD
+     - \_\_u8
+     - s\_jnl\_backup\_type
+     - If this value is 0 or EXT3\_JNL\_BACKUP\_BLOCKS (1), then the
+       ``s_jnl_blocks`` field contains a duplicate copy of the inode's
+       ``i_block[]`` array and ``i_size``.
+   * - 0xFE
+     - \_\_le16
+     - s\_desc\_size
+     - Size of group descriptors, in bytes, if the 64bit incompat feature flag
+       is set.
+   * - 0x100
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_default\_mount\_opts
+     - Default mount options. See the super_mountopts_ table for more info.
+   * - 0x104
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_first\_meta\_bg
+     - First metablock block group, if the meta\_bg feature is enabled.
+   * - 0x108
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_mkfs\_time
+     - When the filesystem was created, in seconds since the epoch.
+   * - 0x10C
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_jnl\_blocks[17]
+     - Backup copy of the journal inode's ``i_block[]`` array in the first 15
+       elements and i\_size\_high and i\_size in the 16th and 17th elements,
+       respectively.
+   * -
+     -
+     -
+     - 64bit support is valid only if EXT4_FEATURE_COMPAT_64BIT is set.
+   * - 0x150
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_blocks\_count\_hi
+     - High 32-bits of the block count.
+   * - 0x154
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_r\_blocks\_count\_hi
+     - High 32-bits of the reserved block count.
+   * - 0x158
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_free\_blocks\_count\_hi
+     - High 32-bits of the free block count.
+   * - 0x15C
+     - \_\_le16
+     - s\_min\_extra\_isize
+     - All inodes have at least # bytes.
+   * - 0x15E
+     - \_\_le16
+     - s\_want\_extra\_isize
+     - New inodes should reserve # bytes.
+   * - 0x160
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_flags
+     - Miscellaneous flags. See the super_flags_ table for more info.
+   * - 0x164
+     - \_\_le16
+     - s\_raid\_stride
+     - RAID stride. This is the number of logical blocks read from or written
+       to the disk before moving to the next disk. This affects the placement
+       of filesystem metadata, which will hopefully make RAID storage faster.
+   * - 0x166
+     - \_\_le16
+     - s\_mmp\_interval
+     - #. seconds to wait in multi-mount prevention (MMP) checking. In theory,
+       MMP is a mechanism to record in the superblock which host and device
+       have mounted the filesystem, in order to prevent multiple mounts. This
+       feature does not seem to be implemented...
+   * - 0x168
+     - \_\_le64
+     - s\_mmp\_block
+     - Block # for multi-mount protection data.
+   * - 0x170
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_raid\_stripe\_width
+     - RAID stripe width. This is the number of logical blocks read from or
+       written to the disk before coming back to the current disk. This is used
+       by the block allocator to try to reduce the number of read-modify-write
+       operations in a RAID5/6.
+   * - 0x174
+     - \_\_u8
+     - s\_log\_groups\_per\_flex
+     - Size of a flexible block group is 2 ^ ``s_log_groups_per_flex``.
+   * - 0x175
+     - \_\_u8
+     - s\_checksum\_type
+     - Metadata checksum algorithm type. The only valid value is 1 (crc32c).
+   * - 0x176
+     - \_\_le16
+     - s\_reserved\_pad
+     -
+   * - 0x178
+     - \_\_le64
+     - s\_kbytes\_written
+     - Number of KiB written to this filesystem over its lifetime.
+   * - 0x180
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_snapshot\_inum
+     - inode number of active snapshot. (Not used in e2fsprogs/Linux.)
+   * - 0x184
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_snapshot\_id
+     - Sequential ID of active snapshot. (Not used in e2fsprogs/Linux.)
+   * - 0x188
+     - \_\_le64
+     - s\_snapshot\_r\_blocks\_count
+     - Number of blocks reserved for active snapshot's future use. (Not used in
+       e2fsprogs/Linux.)
+   * - 0x190
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_snapshot\_list
+     - inode number of the head of the on-disk snapshot list. (Not used in
+       e2fsprogs/Linux.)
+   * - 0x194
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_error\_count
+     - Number of errors seen.
+   * - 0x198
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_first\_error\_time
+     - First time an error happened, in seconds since the epoch.
+   * - 0x19C
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_first\_error\_ino
+     - inode involved in first error.
+   * - 0x1A0
+     - \_\_le64
+     - s\_first\_error\_block
+     - Number of block involved of first error.
+   * - 0x1A8
+     - \_\_u8
+     - s\_first\_error\_func[32]
+     - Name of function where the error happened.
+   * - 0x1C8
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_first\_error\_line
+     - Line number where error happened.
+   * - 0x1CC
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_last\_error\_time
+     - Time of most recent error, in seconds since the epoch.
+   * - 0x1D0
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_last\_error\_ino
+     - inode involved in most recent error.
+   * - 0x1D4
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_last\_error\_line
+     - Line number where most recent error happened.
+   * - 0x1D8
+     - \_\_le64
+     - s\_last\_error\_block
+     - Number of block involved in most recent error.
+   * - 0x1E0
+     - \_\_u8
+     - s\_last\_error\_func[32]
+     - Name of function where the most recent error happened.
+   * - 0x200
+     - \_\_u8
+     - s\_mount\_opts[64]
+     - ASCIIZ string of mount options.
+   * - 0x240
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_usr\_quota\_inum
+     - Inode number of user `quota <quota>`__ file.
+   * - 0x244
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_grp\_quota\_inum
+     - Inode number of group `quota <quota>`__ file.
+   * - 0x248
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_overhead\_blocks
+     - Overhead blocks/clusters in fs. (Huh? This field is always zero, which
+       means that the kernel calculates it dynamically.)
+   * - 0x24C
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_backup\_bgs[2]
+     - Block groups containing superblock backups (if sparse\_super2)
+   * - 0x254
+     - \_\_u8
+     - s\_encrypt\_algos[4]
+     - Encryption algorithms in use. There can be up to four algorithms in use
+       at any time; valid algorithm codes are given in the super_encrypt_ table
+       below.
+   * - 0x258
+     - \_\_u8
+     - s\_encrypt\_pw\_salt[16]
+     - Salt for the string2key algorithm for encryption.
+   * - 0x268
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_lpf\_ino
+     - Inode number of lost+found
+   * - 0x26C
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_prj\_quota\_inum
+     - Inode that tracks project quotas.
+   * - 0x270
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_checksum\_seed
+     - Checksum seed used for metadata\_csum calculations. This value is
+       crc32c(~0, $orig\_fs\_uuid).
+   * - 0x274
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_reserved[98]
+     - Padding to the end of the block.
+   * - 0x3FC
+     - \_\_le32
+     - s\_checksum
+     - Superblock checksum.
+
+.. _super_state:
+
+The superblock state is some combination of the following:
+
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 1 79
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Value
+     - Description
+   * - 0x0001
+     - Cleanly umounted
+   * - 0x0002
+     - Errors detected
+   * - 0x0004
+     - Orphans being recovered
+
+.. _super_errors:
+
+The superblock error policy is one of the following:
+
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 1 79
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Value
+     - Description
+   * - 1
+     - Continue
+   * - 2
+     - Remount read-only
+   * - 3
+     - Panic
+
+.. _super_creator:
+
+The filesystem creator is one of the following:
+
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 1 79
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Value
+     - Description
+   * - 0
+     - Linux
+   * - 1
+     - Hurd
+   * - 2
+     - Masix
+   * - 3
+     - FreeBSD
+   * - 4
+     - Lites
+
+.. _super_revision:
+
+The superblock revision is one of the following:
+
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 1 79
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Value
+     - Description
+   * - 0
+     - Original format
+   * - 1
+     - v2 format w/ dynamic inode sizes
+
+Note that ``EXT4_DYNAMIC_REV`` refers to a revision 1 or newer filesystem.
+
+.. _super_compat:
+
+The superblock compatible features field is a combination of any of the
+following:
+
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 1 79
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Value
+     - Description
+   * - 0x1
+     - Directory preallocation (COMPAT\_DIR\_PREALLOC).
+   * - 0x2
+     - “imagic inodes”. Not clear from the code what this does
+       (COMPAT\_IMAGIC\_INODES).
+   * - 0x4
+     - Has a journal (COMPAT\_HAS\_JOURNAL).
+   * - 0x8
+     - Supports extended attributes (COMPAT\_EXT\_ATTR).
+   * - 0x10
+     - Has reserved GDT blocks for filesystem expansion
+       (COMPAT\_RESIZE\_INODE). Requires RO\_COMPAT\_SPARSE\_SUPER.
+   * - 0x20
+     - Has directory indices (COMPAT\_DIR\_INDEX).
+   * - 0x40
+     - “Lazy BG”. Not in Linux kernel, seems to have been for uninitialized
+       block groups? (COMPAT\_LAZY\_BG)
+   * - 0x80
+     - “Exclude inode”. Not used. (COMPAT\_EXCLUDE\_INODE).
+   * - 0x100
+     - “Exclude bitmap”. Seems to be used to indicate the presence of
+       snapshot-related exclude bitmaps? Not defined in kernel or used in
+       e2fsprogs (COMPAT\_EXCLUDE\_BITMAP).
+   * - 0x200
+     - Sparse Super Block, v2. If this flag is set, the SB field s\_backup\_bgs
+       points to the two block groups that contain backup superblocks
+       (COMPAT\_SPARSE\_SUPER2).
+
+.. _super_incompat:
+
+The superblock incompatible features field is a combination of any of the
+following:
+
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 1 79
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Value
+     - Description
+   * - 0x1
+     - Compression (INCOMPAT\_COMPRESSION).
+   * - 0x2
+     - Directory entries record the file type. See ext4\_dir\_entry\_2 below
+       (INCOMPAT\_FILETYPE).
+   * - 0x4
+     - Filesystem needs recovery (INCOMPAT\_RECOVER).
+   * - 0x8
+     - Filesystem has a separate journal device (INCOMPAT\_JOURNAL\_DEV).
+   * - 0x10
+     - Meta block groups. See the earlier discussion of this feature
+       (INCOMPAT\_META\_BG).
+   * - 0x40
+     - Files in this filesystem use extents (INCOMPAT\_EXTENTS).
+   * - 0x80
+     - Enable a filesystem size of 2^64 blocks (INCOMPAT\_64BIT).
+   * - 0x100
+     - Multiple mount protection. Not implemented (INCOMPAT\_MMP).
+   * - 0x200
+     - Flexible block groups. See the earlier discussion of this feature
+       (INCOMPAT\_FLEX\_BG).
+   * - 0x400
+     - Inodes can be used to store large extended attribute values
+       (INCOMPAT\_EA\_INODE).
+   * - 0x1000
+     - Data in directory entry (INCOMPAT\_DIRDATA). (Not implemented?)
+   * - 0x2000
+     - Metadata checksum seed is stored in the superblock. This feature enables
+       the administrator to change the UUID of a metadata\_csum filesystem
+       while the filesystem is mounted; without it, the checksum definition
+       requires all metadata blocks to be rewritten (INCOMPAT\_CSUM\_SEED).
+   * - 0x4000
+     - Large directory >2GB or 3-level htree (INCOMPAT\_LARGEDIR). Prior to
+       this feature, directories could not be larger than 4GiB and could not
+       have an htree more than 2 levels deep. If this feature is enabled,
+       directories can be larger than 4GiB and have a maximum htree depth of 3.
+   * - 0x8000
+     - Data in inode (INCOMPAT\_INLINE\_DATA).
+   * - 0x10000
+     - Encrypted inodes are present on the filesystem. (INCOMPAT\_ENCRYPT).
+
+.. _super_rocompat:
+
+The superblock read-only compatible features field is a combination of any of
+the following:
+
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 1 79
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Value
+     - Description
+   * - 0x1
+     - Sparse superblocks. See the earlier discussion of this feature
+       (RO\_COMPAT\_SPARSE\_SUPER).
+   * - 0x2
+     - This filesystem has been used to store a file greater than 2GiB
+       (RO\_COMPAT\_LARGE\_FILE).
+   * - 0x4
+     - Not used in kernel or e2fsprogs (RO\_COMPAT\_BTREE\_DIR).
+   * - 0x8
+     - This filesystem has files whose sizes are represented in units of
+       logical blocks, not 512-byte sectors. This implies a very large file
+       indeed! (RO\_COMPAT\_HUGE\_FILE)
+   * - 0x10
+     - Group descriptors have checksums. In addition to detecting corruption,
+       this is useful for lazy formatting with uninitialized groups
+       (RO\_COMPAT\_GDT\_CSUM).
+   * - 0x20
+     - Indicates that the old ext3 32,000 subdirectory limit no longer applies
+       (RO\_COMPAT\_DIR\_NLINK). A directory's i\_links\_count will be set to 1
+       if it is incremented past 64,999.
+   * - 0x40
+     - Indicates that large inodes exist on this filesystem
+       (RO\_COMPAT\_EXTRA\_ISIZE).
+   * - 0x80
+     - This filesystem has a snapshot (RO\_COMPAT\_HAS\_SNAPSHOT).
+   * - 0x100
+     - `Quota <Quota>`__ (RO\_COMPAT\_QUOTA).
+   * - 0x200
+     - This filesystem supports “bigalloc”, which means that file extents are
+       tracked in units of clusters (of blocks) instead of blocks
+       (RO\_COMPAT\_BIGALLOC).
+   * - 0x400
+     - This filesystem supports metadata checksumming.
+       (RO\_COMPAT\_METADATA\_CSUM; implies RO\_COMPAT\_GDT\_CSUM, though
+       GDT\_CSUM must not be set)
+   * - 0x800
+     - Filesystem supports replicas. This feature is neither in the kernel nor
+       e2fsprogs. (RO\_COMPAT\_REPLICA)
+   * - 0x1000
+     - Read-only filesystem image; the kernel will not mount this image
+       read-write and most tools will refuse to write to the image.
+       (RO\_COMPAT\_READONLY)
+   * - 0x2000
+     - Filesystem tracks project quotas. (RO\_COMPAT\_PROJECT)
+
+.. _super_def_hash:
+
+The ``s_def_hash_version`` field is one of the following:
+
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 1 79
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Value
+     - Description
+   * - 0x0
+     - Legacy.
+   * - 0x1
+     - Half MD4.
+   * - 0x2
+     - Tea.
+   * - 0x3
+     - Legacy, unsigned.
+   * - 0x4
+     - Half MD4, unsigned.
+   * - 0x5
+     - Tea, unsigned.
+
+.. _super_mountopts:
+
+The ``s_default_mount_opts`` field is any combination of the following:
+
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 1 79
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Value
+     - Description
+   * - 0x0001
+     - Print debugging info upon (re)mount. (EXT4\_DEFM\_DEBUG)
+   * - 0x0002
+     - New files take the gid of the containing directory (instead of the fsgid
+       of the current process). (EXT4\_DEFM\_BSDGROUPS)
+   * - 0x0004
+     - Support userspace-provided extended attributes. (EXT4\_DEFM\_XATTR\_USER)
+   * - 0x0008
+     - Support POSIX access control lists (ACLs). (EXT4\_DEFM\_ACL)
+   * - 0x0010
+     - Do not support 32-bit UIDs. (EXT4\_DEFM\_UID16)
+   * - 0x0020
+     - All data and metadata are commited to the journal.
+       (EXT4\_DEFM\_JMODE\_DATA)
+   * - 0x0040
+     - All data are flushed to the disk before metadata are committed to the
+       journal. (EXT4\_DEFM\_JMODE\_ORDERED)
+   * - 0x0060
+     - Data ordering is not preserved; data may be written after the metadata
+       has been written. (EXT4\_DEFM\_JMODE\_WBACK)
+   * - 0x0100
+     - Disable write flushes. (EXT4\_DEFM\_NOBARRIER)
+   * - 0x0200
+     - Track which blocks in a filesystem are metadata and therefore should not
+       be used as data blocks. This option will be enabled by default on 3.18,
+       hopefully. (EXT4\_DEFM\_BLOCK\_VALIDITY)
+   * - 0x0400
+     - Enable DISCARD support, where the storage device is told about blocks
+       becoming unused. (EXT4\_DEFM\_DISCARD)
+   * - 0x0800
+     - Disable delayed allocation. (EXT4\_DEFM\_NODELALLOC)
+
+.. _super_flags:
+
+The ``s_flags`` field is any combination of the following:
+
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 1 79
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Value
+     - Description
+   * - 0x0001
+     - Signed directory hash in use.
+   * - 0x0002
+     - Unsigned directory hash in use.
+   * - 0x0004
+     - To test development code.
+
+.. _super_encrypt:
+
+The ``s_encrypt_algos`` list can contain any of the following:
+
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 1 79
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Value
+     - Description
+   * - 0
+     - Invalid algorithm (ENCRYPTION\_MODE\_INVALID).
+   * - 1
+     - 256-bit AES in XTS mode (ENCRYPTION\_MODE\_AES\_256\_XTS).
+   * - 2
+     - 256-bit AES in GCM mode (ENCRYPTION\_MODE\_AES\_256\_GCM).
+   * - 3
+     - 256-bit AES in CBC mode (ENCRYPTION\_MODE\_AES\_256\_CBC).
+
+Total size of the superblock is 1024 bytes.