rcu: Add full-sized polling for get_state()

The get_state_synchronize_rcu() API compresses the combined expedited and
normal grace-period states into a single unsigned long, which conserves
storage, but can miss grace periods in certain cases involving overlapping
normal and expedited grace periods.  Missing the occasional grace period
is usually not a problem, but there are use cases that care about each
and every grace period.

This commit therefore adds the next member of the full-state RCU
grace-period polling API, namely the get_state_synchronize_rcu_full()
function.  This uses up to three times the storage (rcu_gp_oldstate
structure instead of unsigned long), but is guaranteed not to miss
grace periods.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

include/linux/rcutiny.h

@@ -19,6 +19,12 @@ struct rcu_gp_oldstate {
 };
 
 unsigned long get_state_synchronize_rcu(void);
+
+static inline void get_state_synchronize_rcu_full(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp)
+{
+	rgosp->rgos_norm = get_state_synchronize_rcu();
+}
+
 unsigned long start_poll_synchronize_rcu(void);
 bool poll_state_synchronize_rcu(unsigned long oldstate);
 

include/linux/rcutree.h

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ struct rcu_gp_oldstate {
 unsigned long start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited(void);
 void cond_synchronize_rcu_expedited(unsigned long oldstate);
 unsigned long get_state_synchronize_rcu(void);
+void get_state_synchronize_rcu_full(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
 unsigned long start_poll_synchronize_rcu(void);
 bool poll_state_synchronize_rcu(unsigned long oldstate);
 bool poll_state_synchronize_rcu_full(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);

kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c

@@ -335,6 +335,7 @@ struct rcu_torture_ops {
 	bool (*poll_gp_state_exp)(unsigned long oldstate);
 	void (*cond_sync_exp)(unsigned long oldstate);
 	unsigned long (*get_gp_state)(void);
+	void (*get_gp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
 	unsigned long (*get_gp_completed)(void);
 	void (*get_gp_completed_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
 	unsigned long (*start_gp_poll)(void);
@@ -504,6 +505,7 @@ static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_ops = {
 	.sync			= synchronize_rcu,
 	.exp_sync		= synchronize_rcu_expedited,
 	.get_gp_state		= get_state_synchronize_rcu,
+	.get_gp_state_full	= get_state_synchronize_rcu_full,
 	.get_gp_completed	= get_completed_synchronize_rcu,
 	.get_gp_completed_full	= get_completed_synchronize_rcu_full,
 	.start_gp_poll		= start_poll_synchronize_rcu,
@@ -1293,12 +1295,12 @@ rcu_torture_writer(void *arg)
 				break;
 			case RTWS_EXP_SYNC:
 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_EXP_SYNC;
-				if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
-					cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
+				if (cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)
+					cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&cookie_full);
 				cur_ops->exp_sync();
 				cur_ops->exp_sync();
-				if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
-					WARN_ON_ONCE(!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie));
+				if (cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)
+					WARN_ON_ONCE(!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&cookie_full));
 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
 				break;
 			case RTWS_COND_GET:

kernel/rcu/tree.c

@@ -1755,6 +1755,8 @@ static noinline void rcu_gp_cleanup(void)
 			dump_blkd_tasks(rnp, 10);
 		WARN_ON_ONCE(rnp->qsmask);
 		WRITE_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq, new_gp_seq);
+		if (!rnp->parent)
+			smp_mb(); // Order against failing poll_state_synchronize_rcu_full().
 		rdp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data);
 		if (rnp == rdp->mynode)
 			needgp = __note_gp_changes(rnp, rdp) || needgp;
@@ -3556,6 +3558,37 @@ unsigned long get_state_synchronize_rcu(void)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_state_synchronize_rcu);
 
+/**
+ * get_state_synchronize_rcu_full - Snapshot RCU state, both normal and expedited
+ * @rgosp: location to place combined normal/expedited grace-period state
+ *
+ * Places the normal and expedited grace-period states in @rgosp.  This
+ * state value can be passed to a later call to cond_synchronize_rcu_full()
+ * or poll_state_synchronize_rcu_full() to determine whether or not a
+ * grace period (whether normal or expedited) has elapsed in the meantime.
+ * The rcu_gp_oldstate structure takes up twice the memory of an unsigned
+ * long, but is guaranteed to see all grace periods.  In contrast, the
+ * combined state occupies less memory, but can sometimes fail to take
+ * grace periods into account.
+ *
+ * This does not guarantee that the needed grace period will actually
+ * start.
+ */
+void get_state_synchronize_rcu_full(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp)
+{
+	struct rcu_node *rnp = rcu_get_root();
+
+	/*
+	 * Any prior manipulation of RCU-protected data must happen
+	 * before the loads from ->gp_seq and ->expedited_sequence.
+	 */
+	smp_mb();  /* ^^^ */
+	rgosp->rgos_norm = rcu_seq_snap(&rnp->gp_seq);
+	rgosp->rgos_exp = rcu_seq_snap(&rcu_state.expedited_sequence);
+	rgosp->rgos_polled = rcu_seq_snap(&rcu_state.gp_seq_polled);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_state_synchronize_rcu_full);
+
 /**
  * start_poll_synchronize_rcu - Snapshot and start RCU grace period
  *