perf docs: Add info on AMD raw event encoding

AMD processors have events with event select codes and unit masks larger
than a byte. The core PMU, for example, uses 12-bit event select codes
split between bits 0-7 and 32-35 of the PERF_CTL MSRs as can be seen
from /sys/bus/event_sources/devices/cpu/format/*.

The Processor Programming Reference (PPR) lists the event codes as
unified 12-bit hexadecimal values instead and the split between the bits
is not apparent to someone who is not aware of the layout of the
PERF_CTL MSRs.

8-bit event select codes continue to work as the layout matches that of
the PERF_CTL MSRs i.e. bits 0-7 for event select and 8-15 for unit mask.

This adds more details in the perf man pages about using
/sys/bus/event_sources/devices/*/format/* for determining the correct
raw event encoding scheme.

E.g. the "op_cache_hit_miss.op_cache_hit" event with code 0x28f and
umask 0x03 can be programmed using its symbolic name as:

  $ sudo perf --debug perf-event-open stat -e op_cache_hit_miss.op_cache_hit sleep 1
  ------------------------------------------------------------
  perf_event_attr:
    type                             4
    size                             128
    config                           0x20000038f
    sample_type                      IDENTIFIER
    read_format                      TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED|TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING
    disabled                         1
    inherit                          1
    enable_on_exec                   1
    exclude_guest                    1
  ------------------------------------------------------------
  [...]

One might use a simple eventsel+umask combination based on what the
current man pages say and incorrectly program the event as:

  $ sudo perf --debug perf-event-open stat -e r0328f sleep 1
  ------------------------------------------------------------
  perf_event_attr:
    type                             4
    size                             128
    config                           0x328f
    sample_type                      IDENTIFIER
    read_format                      TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED|TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING
    disabled                         1
    inherit                          1
    enable_on_exec                   1
    exclude_guest                    1
  ------------------------------------------------------------
  [...]

When it should have been based on the format from sysfs:

  $ cat /sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/format/event
  config:0-7,32-35

  $ sudo perf --debug perf-event-open stat -e r20000038f sleep 1
  ------------------------------------------------------------
  perf_event_attr:
    type                             4
    size                             128
    config                           0x20000038f
    sample_type                      IDENTIFIER
    read_format                      TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED|TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING
    disabled                         1
    inherit                          1
    enable_on_exec                   1
    exclude_guest                    1
  ------------------------------------------------------------
  [...]

Reviewed-by: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sandipan Das <sandipan.das@amd.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Ananth Narayan <ananth.narayan@amd.com>
Cc: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@amd.com>
Cc: Ravi Bangoria <ravi.bangoria@amd.com>
Cc: Robert Richter <rrichter@amd.com>
Cc: Santosh Shukla <santosh.shukla@amd.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211123084613.243792-1-sandipan.das@amd.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools/perf/Documentation/perf-list.txt

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ RAW HARDWARE EVENT DESCRIPTOR
 Even when an event is not available in a symbolic form within perf right now,
 it can be encoded in a per processor specific way.
 
-For instance For x86 CPUs NNN represents the raw register encoding with the
+For instance on x86 CPUs, N is a hexadecimal value that represents the raw register encoding with the
 layout of IA32_PERFEVTSELx MSRs (see [Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual Volume 3B: System Programming Guide] Figure 30-1 Layout
 of IA32_PERFEVTSELx MSRs) or AMD's PerfEvtSeln (see [AMD64 Architecture Programmer’s Manual Volume 2: System Programming], Page 344,
 Figure 13-7 Performance Event-Select Register (PerfEvtSeln)).
@@ -126,6 +126,38 @@ It's also possible to use pmu syntax:
  perf record -e cpu/r1a8/ ...
  perf record -e cpu/r0x1a8/ ...
 
+Some processors, like those from AMD, support event codes and unit masks
+larger than a byte. In such cases, the bits corresponding to the event
+configuration parameters can be seen with:
+
+  cat /sys/bus/event_source/devices/<pmu>/format/<config>
+
+Example:
+
+If the AMD docs for an EPYC 7713 processor describe an event as:
+
+  Event  Umask  Event Mask
+  Num.   Value  Mnemonic                        Description
+
+  28FH     03H  op_cache_hit_miss.op_cache_hit  Counts Op Cache micro-tag
+                                                hit events.
+
+raw encoding of 0x0328F cannot be used since the upper nibble of the
+EventSelect bits have to be specified via bits 32-35 as can be seen with:
+
+  cat /sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/format/event
+
+raw encoding of 0x20000038F should be used instead:
+
+ perf stat -e r20000038f -a sleep 1
+ perf record -e r20000038f ...
+
+It's also possible to use pmu syntax:
+
+ perf record -e r20000038f -a sleep 1
+ perf record -e cpu/r20000038f/ ...
+ perf record -e cpu/r0x20000038f/ ...
+
 You should refer to the processor specific documentation for getting these
 details. Some of them are referenced in the SEE ALSO section below.
 

tools/perf/Documentation/perf-record.txt

@@ -30,8 +30,10 @@ OPTIONS
 
         - a symbolic event name	(use 'perf list' to list all events)
 
-        - a raw PMU event (eventsel+umask) in the form of rNNN where NNN is a
-	  hexadecimal event descriptor.
+        - a raw PMU event in the form of rN where N is a hexadecimal value
+          that represents the raw register encoding with the layout of the
+          event control registers as described by entries in
+          /sys/bus/event_sources/devices/cpu/format/*.
 
         - a symbolic or raw PMU event followed by an optional colon
 	  and a list of event modifiers, e.g., cpu-cycles:p.  See the

tools/perf/Documentation/perf-stat.txt

@@ -36,8 +36,10 @@ report::
 
 	- a symbolic event name (use 'perf list' to list all events)
 
-	- a raw PMU event (eventsel+umask) in the form of rNNN where NNN is a
-	  hexadecimal event descriptor.
+	- a raw PMU event in the form of rN where N is a hexadecimal value
+	  that represents the raw register encoding with the layout of the
+	  event control registers as described by entries in
+	  /sys/bus/event_sources/devices/cpu/format/*.
 
         - a symbolic or raw PMU event followed by an optional colon
 	  and a list of event modifiers, e.g., cpu-cycles:p.  See the

tools/perf/Documentation/perf-top.txt

@@ -38,9 +38,10 @@ Default is to monitor all CPUS.
 -e <event>::
 --event=<event>::
 	Select the PMU event. Selection can be a symbolic event name
-	(use 'perf list' to list all events) or a raw PMU
-	event (eventsel+umask) in the form of rNNN where NNN is a
-	hexadecimal event descriptor.
+	(use 'perf list' to list all events) or a raw PMU event in the form
+	of rN where N is a hexadecimal value that represents the raw register
+	encoding with the layout of the event control registers as described
+	by entries in /sys/bus/event_sources/devices/cpu/format/*.
 
 -E <entries>::
 --entries=<entries>::