ext4: reduce lock contention in __ext4_new_inode

While running number of creating file threads concurrently,
we found heavy lock contention on group spinlock:

FUNC                           TOTAL_TIME(us)       COUNT        AVG(us)
ext4_create                    1707443399           1440000      1185.72
_raw_spin_lock                 1317641501           180899929    7.28
jbd2__journal_start            287821030            1453950      197.96
jbd2_journal_get_write_access  33441470             73077185     0.46
ext4_add_nondir                29435963             1440000      20.44
ext4_add_entry                 26015166             1440049      18.07
ext4_dx_add_entry              25729337             1432814      17.96
ext4_mark_inode_dirty          12302433             5774407      2.13

most of cpu time blames to _raw_spin_lock, here is some testing
numbers with/without patch.

Test environment:
Server : SuperMicro Sever (2 x E5-2690 v3@2.60GHz, 128GB 2133MHz
         DDR4 Memory, 8GbFC)
Storage : 2 x RAID1 (DDN SFA7700X, 4 x Toshiba PX02SMU020 200GB
          Read Intensive SSD)

format command:
        mkfs.ext4 -J size=4096

test command:
        mpirun -np 48 mdtest -n 30000 -d /ext4/mdtest.out -F -C \
                -r -i 1 -v -p 10 -u #first run to load inode

        mpirun -np 48 mdtest -n 30000 -d /ext4/mdtest.out -F -C \
                -r -i 3 -v -p 10 -u

Kernel version: 4.13.0-rc3

Test  1,440,000 files with 48 directories by 48 processes:

Without patch:

File Creation   File removal
79,033          289,569 ops/per second
81,463          285,359
79,875          288,475

With patch:
File Creation   File removal
810669		301694
812805		302711
813965		297670

Creation performance is improved more than 10X with large
journal size. The main problem here is we test bitmap
and do some check and journal operations which could be
slept, then we test and set with lock hold, this could
be racy, and make 'inode' steal by other process.

However, after first try, we could confirm handle has
been started and inode bitmap journaled too, then
we could find and set bit with lock hold directly, this
will mostly gurateee success with second try.

Tested-by: Shuichi Ihara <sihara@ddn.com>
Signed-off-by: Wang Shilong <wshilong@ddn.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

fs/ext4/ialloc.c

@@ -730,6 +730,27 @@ out:
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int find_inode_bit(struct super_block *sb, ext4_group_t group,
+			  struct buffer_head *bitmap, unsigned long *ino)
+{
+next:
+	*ino = ext4_find_next_zero_bit((unsigned long *)
+				       bitmap->b_data,
+				       EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb), *ino);
+	if (*ino >= EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb))
+		return 0;
+
+	if ((EXT4_SB(sb)->s_journal == NULL) &&
+	    recently_deleted(sb, group, *ino)) {
+		*ino = *ino + 1;
+		if (*ino < EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb))
+			goto next;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
 /*
  * There are two policies for allocating an inode.  If the new inode is
  * a directory, then a forward search is made for a block group with both
@@ -910,21 +931,16 @@ got_group:
 		}
 
 repeat_in_this_group:
-		ino = ext4_find_next_zero_bit((unsigned long *)
-					      inode_bitmap_bh->b_data,
-					      EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb), ino);
-		if (ino >= EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb))
+		ret2 = find_inode_bit(sb, group, inode_bitmap_bh, &ino);
+		if (!ret2)
 			goto next_group;
-		if (group == 0 && (ino+1) < EXT4_FIRST_INO(sb)) {
+
+		if (group == 0 && (ino + 1) < EXT4_FIRST_INO(sb)) {
 			ext4_error(sb, "reserved inode found cleared - "
 				   "inode=%lu", ino + 1);
 			goto next_group;
 		}
-		if ((EXT4_SB(sb)->s_journal == NULL) &&
-		    recently_deleted(sb, group, ino)) {
-			ino++;
-			goto next_inode;
-		}
+
 		if (!handle) {
 			BUG_ON(nblocks <= 0);
 			handle = __ext4_journal_start_sb(dir->i_sb, line_no,
@@ -944,11 +960,23 @@ repeat_in_this_group:
 		}
 		ext4_lock_group(sb, group);
 		ret2 = ext4_test_and_set_bit(ino, inode_bitmap_bh->b_data);
+		if (ret2) {
+			/* Someone already took the bit. Repeat the search
+			 * with lock held.
+			 */
+			ret2 = find_inode_bit(sb, group, inode_bitmap_bh, &ino);
+			if (ret2) {
+				ext4_set_bit(ino, inode_bitmap_bh->b_data);
+				ret2 = 0;
+			} else {
+				ret2 = 1; /* we didn't grab the inode */
+			}
+		}
 		ext4_unlock_group(sb, group);
 		ino++;		/* the inode bitmap is zero-based */
 		if (!ret2)
 			goto got; /* we grabbed the inode! */
-next_inode:
+
 		if (ino < EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb))
 			goto repeat_in_this_group;
 next_group: