Documentation/llvm: refresh docs

Recent fixes for an embargoed hardware security vulnerability failed to
link with ld.lld (LLVM's linker).  [0]  To be fair, our documentation
mentions ``CC=clang`` foremost with ``LLVM=1`` being buried "below the
fold."

We want to encourage the use of ``LLVM=1`` rather than just
``CC=clang``. Make that suggestion "above the fold" and "front and
center" in our docs.

While here, the following additional changes were made:
- remove the bit about CROSS_COMPILE setting --target=, that's no longer
  true.
- Add ARCH=loongarch to the list of maintained targets (though we're
  still working on getting defconfig building cleanly at the moment;
  we're pretty close).
- Bump ARCH=powerpc from CC=clang to LLVM=1 status.
- Promote ARCH=riscv from being Maintained to being Supported. Android
  is working towards supporting RISC-V, and we have excellent support
  from multiple companies in this regard.
- Note that the toolchain distribution on kernel.org has been built with
  profile data from kernel builds.
- Note how to use ccache with clang.

Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1907 [0]
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
This commit is contained in:
Nick Desaulniers 2023-08-25 10:38:01 -07:00 коммит произвёл Masahiro Yamada
Родитель 1ef061a4e2
Коммит a3c6bfba44
1 изменённых файлов: 80 добавлений и 44 удалений

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@ -25,50 +25,38 @@ objects <https://www.aosabook.org/en/llvm.html>`_. Clang is a front-end to LLVM
that supports C and the GNU C extensions required by the kernel, and is
pronounced "klang," not "see-lang."
Clang
-----
Building with LLVM
------------------
The compiler used can be swapped out via ``CC=`` command line argument to ``make``.
``CC=`` should be set when selecting a config and during a build. ::
Invoke ``make`` via::
make CC=clang defconfig
make LLVM=1
make CC=clang
to compile for the host target. For cross compiling::
Cross Compiling
---------------
make LLVM=1 ARCH=arm64
A single Clang compiler binary will typically contain all supported backends,
which can help simplify cross compiling. ::
The LLVM= argument
------------------
make ARCH=arm64 CC=clang CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
``CROSS_COMPILE`` is not used to prefix the Clang compiler binary, instead
``CROSS_COMPILE`` is used to set a command line flag: ``--target=<triple>``. For
example: ::
clang --target=aarch64-linux-gnu foo.c
LLVM Utilities
--------------
LLVM has substitutes for GNU binutils utilities. They can be enabled individually.
The full list of supported make variables::
LLVM has substitutes for GNU binutils utilities. They can be enabled
individually. The full list of supported make variables::
make CC=clang LD=ld.lld AR=llvm-ar NM=llvm-nm STRIP=llvm-strip \
OBJCOPY=llvm-objcopy OBJDUMP=llvm-objdump READELF=llvm-readelf \
HOSTCC=clang HOSTCXX=clang++ HOSTAR=llvm-ar HOSTLD=ld.lld
To simplify the above command, Kbuild supports the ``LLVM`` variable::
make LLVM=1
``LLVM=1`` expands to the above.
If your LLVM tools are not available in your PATH, you can supply their
location using the LLVM variable with a trailing slash::
make LLVM=/path/to/llvm/
which will use ``/path/to/llvm/clang``, ``/path/to/llvm/ld.lld``, etc.
which will use ``/path/to/llvm/clang``, ``/path/to/llvm/ld.lld``, etc. The
following may also be used::
PATH=/path/to/llvm:$PATH make LLVM=1
If your LLVM tools have a version suffix and you want to test with that
explicit version rather than the unsuffixed executables like ``LLVM=1``, you
@ -78,31 +66,72 @@ can pass the suffix using the ``LLVM`` variable::
which will use ``clang-14``, ``ld.lld-14``, etc.
To support combinations of out of tree paths with version suffixes, we
recommend::
PATH=/path/to/llvm/:$PATH make LLVM=-14
``LLVM=0`` is not the same as omitting ``LLVM`` altogether, it will behave like
``LLVM=1``. If you only wish to use certain LLVM utilities, use their respective
make variables.
``LLVM=1``. If you only wish to use certain LLVM utilities, use their
respective make variables.
The integrated assembler is enabled by default. You can pass ``LLVM_IAS=0`` to
disable it.
The same value used for ``LLVM=`` should be set for each invocation of ``make``
if configuring and building via distinct commands. ``LLVM=`` should also be set
as an environment variable when running scripts that will eventually run
``make``.
Omitting CROSS_COMPILE
Cross Compiling
---------------
A single Clang compiler binary (and corresponding LLVM utilities) will
typically contain all supported back ends, which can help simplify cross
compiling especially when ``LLVM=1`` is used. If you use only LLVM tools,
``CROSS_COMPILE`` or target-triple-prefixes become unnecessary. Example::
make LLVM=1 ARCH=arm64
As an example of mixing LLVM and GNU utilities, for a target like ``ARCH=s390``
which does not yet have ``ld.lld`` or ``llvm-objcopy`` support, you could
invoke ``make`` via::
make LLVM=1 ARCH=s390 LD=s390x-linux-gnu-ld.bfd \
OBJCOPY=s390x-linux-gnu-objcopy
This example will invoke ``s390x-linux-gnu-ld.bfd`` as the linker and
``s390x-linux-gnu-objcopy``, so ensure those are reachable in your ``$PATH``.
``CROSS_COMPILE`` is not used to prefix the Clang compiler binary (or
corresponding LLVM utilities) as is the case for GNU utilities when ``LLVM=1``
is not set.
The LLVM_IAS= argument
----------------------
As explained above, ``CROSS_COMPILE`` is used to set ``--target=<triple>``.
Clang can assemble assembler code. You can pass ``LLVM_IAS=0`` to disable this
behavior and have Clang invoke the corresponding non-integrated assembler
instead. Example::
If ``CROSS_COMPILE`` is not specified, the ``--target=<triple>`` is inferred
from ``ARCH``.
make LLVM=1 LLVM_IAS=0
That means if you use only LLVM tools, ``CROSS_COMPILE`` becomes unnecessary.
``CROSS_COMPILE`` is necessary when cross compiling and ``LLVM_IAS=0``
is used in order to set ``--prefix=`` for the compiler to find the
corresponding non-integrated assembler (typically, you don't want to use the
system assembler when targeting another architecture). Example::
For example, to cross-compile the arm64 kernel::
make LLVM=1 ARCH=arm LLVM_IAS=0 CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
make ARCH=arm64 LLVM=1
If ``LLVM_IAS=0`` is specified, ``CROSS_COMPILE`` is also used to derive
``--prefix=<path>`` to search for the GNU assembler and linker. ::
Ccache
------
make ARCH=arm64 LLVM=1 LLVM_IAS=0 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
``ccache`` can be used with ``clang`` to improve subsequent builds, (though
KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP_ should be set to a deterministic value between builds
in order to avoid 100% cache misses, see Reproducible_builds_ for more info):
KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP='' make LLVM=1 CC="ccache clang"
.. _KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP: kbuild.html#kbuild-build-timestamp
.. _Reproducible_builds: reproducible-builds.html#timestamps
Supported Architectures
-----------------------
@ -135,14 +164,17 @@ yet. Bug reports are always welcome at the issue tracker below!
* - hexagon
- Maintained
- ``LLVM=1``
* - loongarch
- Maintained
- ``LLVM=1``
* - mips
- Maintained
- ``LLVM=1``
* - powerpc
- Maintained
- ``CC=clang``
- ``LLVM=1``
* - riscv
- Maintained
- Supported
- ``LLVM=1``
* - s390
- Maintained
@ -171,7 +203,11 @@ Getting Help
Getting LLVM
-------------
We provide prebuilt stable versions of LLVM on `kernel.org <https://kernel.org/pub/tools/llvm/>`_.
We provide prebuilt stable versions of LLVM on `kernel.org
<https://kernel.org/pub/tools/llvm/>`_. These have been optimized with profile
data for building Linux kernels, which should improve kernel build times
relative to other distributions of LLVM.
Below are links that may be useful for building LLVM from source or procuring
it through a distribution's package manager.