Btrfs: improve performance on fsync of files with multiple hardlinks

Commit 41bd606769 ("Btrfs: fix fsync of files with multiple hard links
in new directories") introduced a path that makes fsync fallback to a full
transaction commit in order to avoid losing hard links and new ancestors
of the fsynced inode. That path is triggered only when the inode has more
than one hard link and either has a new hard link created in the current
transaction or the inode was evicted and reloaded in the current
transaction.

That path ends up getting triggered very often (hundreds of times) during
the course of pgbench benchmarks, resulting in performance drops of about
20%.

This change restores the performance by not triggering the full transaction
commit in those cases, and instead iterate the fs/subvolume tree in search
of all possible new ancestors, for all hard links, to log them.

Reported-by: Zhao Yuhu <zyuhu@suse.com>
Tested-by: James Wang <jnwang@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

fs/btrfs/btrfs_inode.h

@@ -147,12 +147,6 @@ struct btrfs_inode {
 	 */
 	u64 last_unlink_trans;
 
-	/*
-	 * Track the transaction id of the last transaction used to create a
-	 * hard link for the inode. This is used by the log tree (fsync).
-	 */
-	u64 last_link_trans;
-
 	/*
 	 * Number of bytes outstanding that are going to need csums.  This is
 	 * used in ENOSPC accounting.

fs/btrfs/inode.c

@@ -3689,21 +3689,6 @@ cache_index:
 	 * inode is not a directory, logging its parent unnecessarily.
 	 */
 	BTRFS_I(inode)->last_unlink_trans = BTRFS_I(inode)->last_trans;
-	/*
-	 * Similar reasoning for last_link_trans, needs to be set otherwise
-	 * for a case like the following:
-	 *
-	 * mkdir A
-	 * touch foo
-	 * ln foo A/bar
-	 * echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
-	 * fsync foo
-	 * <power failure>
-	 *
-	 * Would result in link bar and directory A not existing after the power
-	 * failure.
-	 */
-	BTRFS_I(inode)->last_link_trans = BTRFS_I(inode)->last_trans;
 
 	path->slots[0]++;
 	if (inode->i_nlink != 1 ||
@@ -6655,7 +6640,6 @@ static int btrfs_link(struct dentry *old_dentry, struct inode *dir,
 			if (err)
 				goto fail;
 		}
-		BTRFS_I(inode)->last_link_trans = trans->transid;
 		d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
 		ret = btrfs_log_new_name(trans, BTRFS_I(inode), NULL, parent,
 					 true, NULL);
@@ -9192,7 +9176,6 @@ struct inode *btrfs_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
 	ei->index_cnt = (u64)-1;
 	ei->dir_index = 0;
 	ei->last_unlink_trans = 0;
-	ei->last_link_trans = 0;
 	ei->last_log_commit = 0;
 
 	spin_lock_init(&ei->lock);

fs/btrfs/tree-log.c

@@ -5832,6 +5832,190 @@ out:
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int log_new_ancestors(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
+			     struct btrfs_root *root,
+			     struct btrfs_path *path,
+			     struct btrfs_log_ctx *ctx)
+{
+	struct btrfs_key found_key;
+
+	btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(path->nodes[0], &found_key, path->slots[0]);
+
+	while (true) {
+		struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
+		const u64 last_committed = fs_info->last_trans_committed;
+		struct extent_buffer *leaf = path->nodes[0];
+		int slot = path->slots[0];
+		struct btrfs_key search_key;
+		struct inode *inode;
+		int ret = 0;
+
+		btrfs_release_path(path);
+
+		search_key.objectid = found_key.offset;
+		search_key.type = BTRFS_INODE_ITEM_KEY;
+		search_key.offset = 0;
+		inode = btrfs_iget(fs_info->sb, &search_key, root, NULL);
+		if (IS_ERR(inode))
+			return PTR_ERR(inode);
+
+		if (BTRFS_I(inode)->generation > last_committed)
+			ret = btrfs_log_inode(trans, root, BTRFS_I(inode),
+					      LOG_INODE_EXISTS,
+					      0, LLONG_MAX, ctx);
+		iput(inode);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+
+		if (search_key.objectid == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID)
+			break;
+
+		search_key.type = BTRFS_INODE_REF_KEY;
+		ret = btrfs_search_slot(NULL, root, &search_key, path, 0, 0);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return ret;
+
+		leaf = path->nodes[0];
+		slot = path->slots[0];
+		if (slot >= btrfs_header_nritems(leaf)) {
+			ret = btrfs_next_leaf(root, path);
+			if (ret < 0)
+				return ret;
+			else if (ret > 0)
+				return -ENOENT;
+			leaf = path->nodes[0];
+			slot = path->slots[0];
+		}
+
+		btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &found_key, slot);
+		if (found_key.objectid != search_key.objectid ||
+		    found_key.type != BTRFS_INODE_REF_KEY)
+			return -ENOENT;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int log_new_ancestors_fast(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
+				  struct btrfs_inode *inode,
+				  struct dentry *parent,
+				  struct btrfs_log_ctx *ctx)
+{
+	struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
+	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
+	struct dentry *old_parent = NULL;
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->vfs_inode.i_sb;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	while (true) {
+		if (!parent || d_really_is_negative(parent) ||
+		    sb != parent->d_sb)
+			break;
+
+		inode = BTRFS_I(d_inode(parent));
+		if (root != inode->root)
+			break;
+
+		if (inode->generation > fs_info->last_trans_committed) {
+			ret = btrfs_log_inode(trans, root, inode,
+					LOG_INODE_EXISTS, 0, LLONG_MAX, ctx);
+			if (ret)
+				break;
+		}
+		if (IS_ROOT(parent))
+			break;
+
+		parent = dget_parent(parent);
+		dput(old_parent);
+		old_parent = parent;
+	}
+	dput(old_parent);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int log_all_new_ancestors(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
+				 struct btrfs_inode *inode,
+				 struct dentry *parent,
+				 struct btrfs_log_ctx *ctx)
+{
+	struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
+	const u64 ino = btrfs_ino(inode);
+	struct btrfs_path *path;
+	struct btrfs_key search_key;
+	int ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * For a single hard link case, go through a fast path that does not
+	 * need to iterate the fs/subvolume tree.
+	 */
+	if (inode->vfs_inode.i_nlink < 2)
+		return log_new_ancestors_fast(trans, inode, parent, ctx);
+
+	path = btrfs_alloc_path();
+	if (!path)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	search_key.objectid = ino;
+	search_key.type = BTRFS_INODE_REF_KEY;
+	search_key.offset = 0;
+again:
+	ret = btrfs_search_slot(NULL, root, &search_key, path, 0, 0);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto out;
+	if (ret == 0)
+		path->slots[0]++;
+
+	while (true) {
+		struct extent_buffer *leaf = path->nodes[0];
+		int slot = path->slots[0];
+		struct btrfs_key found_key;
+
+		if (slot >= btrfs_header_nritems(leaf)) {
+			ret = btrfs_next_leaf(root, path);
+			if (ret < 0)
+				goto out;
+			else if (ret > 0)
+				break;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &found_key, slot);
+		if (found_key.objectid != ino ||
+		    found_key.type > BTRFS_INODE_EXTREF_KEY)
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * Don't deal with extended references because they are rare
+		 * cases and too complex to deal with (we would need to keep
+		 * track of which subitem we are processing for each item in
+		 * this loop, etc). So just return some error to fallback to
+		 * a transaction commit.
+		 */
+		if (found_key.type == BTRFS_INODE_EXTREF_KEY) {
+			ret = -EMLINK;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Logging ancestors needs to do more searches on the fs/subvol
+		 * tree, so it releases the path as needed to avoid deadlocks.
+		 * Keep track of the last inode ref key and resume from that key
+		 * after logging all new ancestors for the current hard link.
+		 */
+		memcpy(&search_key, &found_key, sizeof(search_key));
+
+		ret = log_new_ancestors(trans, root, path, ctx);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+		btrfs_release_path(path);
+		goto again;
+	}
+	ret = 0;
+out:
+	btrfs_free_path(path);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 /*
  * helper function around btrfs_log_inode to make sure newly created
  * parent directories also end up in the log.  A minimal inode and backref
@@ -5849,11 +6033,9 @@ static int btrfs_log_inode_parent(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 	struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
 	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
 	struct super_block *sb;
-	struct dentry *old_parent = NULL;
 	int ret = 0;
 	u64 last_committed = fs_info->last_trans_committed;
 	bool log_dentries = false;
-	struct btrfs_inode *orig_inode = inode;
 
 	sb = inode->vfs_inode.i_sb;
 
@@ -5959,54 +6141,20 @@ static int btrfs_log_inode_parent(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 	 * and has a link count of 2.
 	 */
 	if (inode->last_unlink_trans > last_committed) {
-		ret = btrfs_log_all_parents(trans, orig_inode, ctx);
+		ret = btrfs_log_all_parents(trans, inode, ctx);
 		if (ret)
 			goto end_trans;
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * If a new hard link was added to the inode in the current transaction
-	 * and its link count is now greater than 1, we need to fallback to a
-	 * transaction commit, otherwise we can end up not logging all its new
-	 * parents for all the hard links. Here just from the dentry used to
-	 * fsync, we can not visit the ancestor inodes for all the other hard
-	 * links to figure out if any is new, so we fallback to a transaction
-	 * commit (instead of adding a lot of complexity of scanning a btree,
-	 * since this scenario is not a common use case).
-	 */
-	if (inode->vfs_inode.i_nlink > 1 &&
-	    inode->last_link_trans > last_committed) {
-		ret = -EMLINK;
+	ret = log_all_new_ancestors(trans, inode, parent, ctx);
+	if (ret)
 		goto end_trans;
-	}
 
-	while (1) {
-		if (!parent || d_really_is_negative(parent) || sb != parent->d_sb)
-			break;
-
-		inode = BTRFS_I(d_inode(parent));
-		if (root != inode->root)
-			break;
-
-		if (inode->generation > last_committed) {
-			ret = btrfs_log_inode(trans, root, inode,
-					LOG_INODE_EXISTS, 0, LLONG_MAX, ctx);
-			if (ret)
-				goto end_trans;
-		}
-		if (IS_ROOT(parent))
-			break;
-
-		parent = dget_parent(parent);
-		dput(old_parent);
-		old_parent = parent;
-	}
 	if (log_dentries)
-		ret = log_new_dir_dentries(trans, root, orig_inode, ctx);
+		ret = log_new_dir_dentries(trans, root, inode, ctx);
 	else
 		ret = 0;
 end_trans:
-	dput(old_parent);
 	if (ret < 0) {
 		btrfs_set_log_full_commit(trans);
 		ret = 1;