perf cs-etm: Prevent and warn on underflows during timestamp calculation.

When a zero timestamp is encountered, warn once. This is to make
hardware or configuration issues visible. Also suggest that the issue
can be worked around with the --itrace=Z option.

When an underflow with a non-zero timestamp occurs, warn every time.
This is an unexpected scenario, and with increasing timestamps, it's
unlikely that it would occur more than once, therefore it should be
ok to warn every time.

Only try to calculate the timestamp by subtracting the instruction
count if neither of the above cases are true. This makes attempting
to decode files with zero timestamps in non-timeless mode
more consistent. Currently it can half work if the timestamp wraps
around and becomes non-zero, although the behavior is undefined and
unpredictable.

Signed-off-by: James Clark <james.clark@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org>
Cc: Al Grant <al.grant@arm.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Cc: Branislav Rankov <branislav.rankov@arm.com>
Cc: Denis Nikitin <denik@chromium.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Cc: Mike Leach <mike.leach@linaro.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Suzuki Poulouse <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: coresight@lists.linaro.org
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20210517131741.3027-4-james.clark@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools/perf/util/cs-etm-decoder/cs-etm-decoder.c

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
  * Author: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
  */
 
+#include <asm/bug.h>
 #include <linux/coresight-pmu.h>
 #include <linux/err.h>
 #include <linux/list.h>
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include "cs-etm.h"
 #include "cs-etm-decoder.h"
+#include "debug.h"
 #include "intlist.h"
 
 /* use raw logging */
@@ -294,7 +296,8 @@ cs_etm_decoder__do_soft_timestamp(struct cs_etm_queue *etmq,
 static ocsd_datapath_resp_t
 cs_etm_decoder__do_hard_timestamp(struct cs_etm_queue *etmq,
 				  const ocsd_generic_trace_elem *elem,
-				  const uint8_t trace_chan_id)
+				  const uint8_t trace_chan_id,
+				  const ocsd_trc_index_t indx)
 {
 	struct cs_etm_packet_queue *packet_queue;
 
@@ -313,14 +316,33 @@ cs_etm_decoder__do_hard_timestamp(struct cs_etm_queue *etmq,
 		return OCSD_RESP_CONT;
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * This is the first timestamp we've seen since the beginning of traces
-	 * or a discontinuity.  Since timestamps packets are generated *after*
-	 * range packets have been generated, we need to estimate the time at
-	 * which instructions started by subtracting the number of instructions
-	 * executed to the timestamp.
-	 */
-	packet_queue->cs_timestamp = elem->timestamp - packet_queue->instr_count;
+
+	if (!elem->timestamp) {
+		/*
+		 * Zero timestamps can be seen due to misconfiguration or hardware bugs.
+		 * Warn once, and don't try to subtract instr_count as it would result in an
+		 * underflow.
+		 */
+		packet_queue->cs_timestamp = 0;
+		WARN_ONCE(true, "Zero Coresight timestamp found at Idx:%" OCSD_TRC_IDX_STR
+				". Decoding may be improved with --itrace=Z...\n", indx);
+	} else if (packet_queue->instr_count > elem->timestamp) {
+		/*
+		 * Sanity check that the elem->timestamp - packet_queue->instr_count would not
+		 * result in an underflow. Warn and clamp at 0 if it would.
+		 */
+		packet_queue->cs_timestamp = 0;
+		pr_err("Timestamp calculation underflow at Idx:%" OCSD_TRC_IDX_STR "\n", indx);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * This is the first timestamp we've seen since the beginning of traces
+		 * or a discontinuity.  Since timestamps packets are generated *after*
+		 * range packets have been generated, we need to estimate the time at
+		 * which instructions started by subtracting the number of instructions
+		 * executed to the timestamp.
+		 */
+		packet_queue->cs_timestamp = elem->timestamp - packet_queue->instr_count;
+	}
 	packet_queue->next_cs_timestamp = elem->timestamp;
 	packet_queue->instr_count = 0;
 
@@ -542,7 +564,7 @@ cs_etm_decoder__set_tid(struct cs_etm_queue *etmq,
 
 static ocsd_datapath_resp_t cs_etm_decoder__gen_trace_elem_printer(
 				const void *context,
-				const ocsd_trc_index_t indx __maybe_unused,
+				const ocsd_trc_index_t indx,
 				const u8 trace_chan_id __maybe_unused,
 				const ocsd_generic_trace_elem *elem)
 {
@@ -579,7 +601,8 @@ static ocsd_datapath_resp_t cs_etm_decoder__gen_trace_elem_printer(
 		break;
 	case OCSD_GEN_TRC_ELEM_TIMESTAMP:
 		resp = cs_etm_decoder__do_hard_timestamp(etmq, elem,
-							 trace_chan_id);
+							 trace_chan_id,
+							 indx);
 		break;
 	case OCSD_GEN_TRC_ELEM_PE_CONTEXT:
 		resp = cs_etm_decoder__set_tid(etmq, packet_queue,