Merge branch 'master' into next

.gitignore

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # subdirectories here. Add them in the ".gitignore" file
 # in that subdirectory instead.
 #
-# NOTE! Please use 'git-ls-files -i --exclude-standard'
+# NOTE! Please use 'git ls-files -i --exclude-standard'
 # command after changing this file, to see if there are
 # any tracked files which get ignored after the change.
 #
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 *.elf
 *.bin
 *.gz
+*.lzma
+*.patch
 
 #
 # Top-level generic files
@@ -62,6 +64,12 @@ series
 cscope.*
 ncscope.*
 
+# gnu global files
+GPATH
+GRTAGS
+GSYMS
+GTAGS
+
 *.orig
 *~
 \#*#

CREDITS

@@ -1253,6 +1253,10 @@ S: 8124 Constitution Apt. 7
 S: Sterling Heights, Michigan 48313
 S: USA
 
+N: Wolfgang Grandegger
+E: wg@grandegger.com
+D: Controller Area Network (device drivers)
+
 N: William Greathouse
 E: wgreathouse@smva.com
 E: wgreathouse@myfavoritei.com

Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block

@@ -60,3 +60,62 @@ Description:
 		Indicates whether the block layer should automatically
 		generate checksums for write requests bound for
 		devices that support receiving integrity metadata.
+
+What:		/sys/block/<disk>/alignment_offset
+Date:		April 2009
+Contact:	Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+		Storage devices may report a physical block size that is
+		bigger than the logical block size (for instance a drive
+		with 4KB physical sectors exposing 512-byte logical
+		blocks to the operating system).  This parameter
+		indicates how many bytes the beginning of the device is
+		offset from the disk's natural alignment.
+
+What:		/sys/block/<disk>/<partition>/alignment_offset
+Date:		April 2009
+Contact:	Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+		Storage devices may report a physical block size that is
+		bigger than the logical block size (for instance a drive
+		with 4KB physical sectors exposing 512-byte logical
+		blocks to the operating system).  This parameter
+		indicates how many bytes the beginning of the partition
+		is offset from the disk's natural alignment.
+
+What:		/sys/block/<disk>/queue/logical_block_size
+Date:		May 2009
+Contact:	Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+		This is the smallest unit the storage device can
+		address.  It is typically 512 bytes.
+
+What:		/sys/block/<disk>/queue/physical_block_size
+Date:		May 2009
+Contact:	Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+		This is the smallest unit the storage device can write
+		without resorting to read-modify-write operation.  It is
+		usually the same as the logical block size but may be
+		bigger.  One example is SATA drives with 4KB sectors
+		that expose a 512-byte logical block size to the
+		operating system.
+
+What:		/sys/block/<disk>/queue/minimum_io_size
+Date:		April 2009
+Contact:	Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+		Storage devices may report a preferred minimum I/O size,
+		which is the smallest request the device can perform
+		without incurring a read-modify-write penalty.  For disk
+		drives this is often the physical block size.  For RAID
+		arrays it is often the stripe chunk size.
+
+What:		/sys/block/<disk>/queue/optimal_io_size
+Date:		April 2009
+Contact:	Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+		Storage devices may report an optimal I/O size, which is
+		the device's preferred unit of receiving I/O.  This is
+		rarely reported for disk drives.  For RAID devices it is
+		usually the stripe width or the internal block size.

Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-cciss

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+Where:		/sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/model
+Date:		March 2009
+Kernel Version: 2.6.30
+Contact:	iss_storagedev@hp.com
+Description:	Displays the SCSI INQUIRY page 0 model for logical drive
+		Y of controller X.
+
+Where:		/sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/rev
+Date:		March 2009
+Kernel Version: 2.6.30
+Contact:	iss_storagedev@hp.com
+Description:	Displays the SCSI INQUIRY page 0 revision for logical
+		drive Y of controller X.
+
+Where:		/sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/unique_id
+Date:		March 2009
+Kernel Version: 2.6.30
+Contact:	iss_storagedev@hp.com
+Description:	Displays the SCSI INQUIRY page 83 serial number for logical
+		drive Y of controller X.
+
+Where:		/sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/vendor
+Date:		March 2009
+Kernel Version: 2.6.30
+Contact:	iss_storagedev@hp.com
+Description:	Displays the SCSI INQUIRY page 0 vendor for logical drive
+		Y of controller X.
+
+Where:		/sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/block:cciss!cXdY
+Date:		March 2009
+Kernel Version: 2.6.30
+Contact:	iss_storagedev@hp.com
+Description:	A symbolic link to /sys/block/cciss!cXdY

Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-ext4

@@ -79,3 +79,13 @@ Description:
 		This file is read-only and shows the number of
 		kilobytes of data that have been written to this
 		filesystem since it was mounted.
+
+What:		/sys/fs/ext4/<disk>/inode_goal
+Date:		June 2008
+Contact:	"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
+Description:
+		Tuning parameter which (if non-zero) controls the goal
+		inode used by the inode allocator in p0reference to
+		all other allocation hueristics.  This is intended for
+		debugging use only, and should be 0 on production
+		systems.

Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-pps

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+What:		/sys/class/pps/
+Date:		February 2008
+Contact:	Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+		The /sys/class/pps/ directory will contain files and
+		directories that will provide a unified interface to
+		the PPS sources.
+
+What:		/sys/class/pps/ppsX/
+Date:		February 2008
+Contact:	Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+		The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/ directory is related to X-th
+		PPS source into the system. Each directory will
+		contain files to manage and control its PPS source.
+
+What:		/sys/class/pps/ppsX/assert
+Date:		February 2008
+Contact:	Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+		The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/assert file reports the assert events
+		and the assert sequence number of the X-th source in the form:
+
+			<secs>.<nsec>#<sequence>
+
+		If the source has no assert events the content of this file
+		is empty.
+
+What:		/sys/class/pps/ppsX/clear
+Date:		February 2008
+Contact:	Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+		The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/clear file reports the clear events
+		and the clear sequence number of the X-th source in the form:
+
+			<secs>.<nsec>#<sequence>
+
+		If the source has no clear events the content of this file
+		is empty.
+
+What:		/sys/class/pps/ppsX/mode
+Date:		February 2008
+Contact:	Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+		The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/mode file reports the functioning
+		mode of the X-th source in hexadecimal encoding.
+
+		Please, refer to linux/include/linux/pps.h for further
+		info.
+
+What:		/sys/class/pps/ppsX/echo
+Date:		February 2008
+Contact:	Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+		The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/echo file reports if the X-th does
+		or does not support an "echo" function.
+
+What:		/sys/class/pps/ppsX/name
+Date:		February 2008
+Contact:	Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+		The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/name file reports the name of the
+		X-th source.
+
+What:		/sys/class/pps/ppsX/path
+Date:		February 2008
+Contact:	Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+		The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/path file reports the path name of
+		the device connected with the X-th source.
+
+		If the source is not connected with any device the content
+		of this file is empty.

Documentation/Changes

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ hardware, for example, you probably needn't concern yourself with
 isdn4k-utils.
 
 o  Gnu C                  3.2                     # gcc --version
-o  Gnu make               3.79.1                  # make --version
+o  Gnu make               3.80                    # make --version
 o  binutils               2.12                    # ld -v
 o  util-linux             2.10o                   # fdformat --version
 o  module-init-tools      0.9.10                  # depmod -V
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ o  procps                 3.2.0                   # ps --version
 o  oprofile               0.9                     # oprofiled --version
 o  udev                   081                     # udevinfo -V
 o  grub                   0.93                    # grub --version
+o  mcelog		  0.6
 
 Kernel compilation
 ==================
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ computer.
 Make
 ----
 
-You will need Gnu make 3.79.1 or later to build the kernel.
+You will need Gnu make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
 
 Binutils
 --------
@@ -71,6 +72,13 @@ assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile
 your kernel.  This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
 release of binutils.
 
+Perl
+----
+
+You will need perl 5 and the following modules: Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
+File::Basename, and File::Find to build the kernel.
+
+
 System utilities
 ================
 
@@ -276,6 +284,16 @@ before running exportfs or mountd.  It is recommended that all NFS
 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
 that is possible.
 
+mcelog
+------
+
+In Linux 2.6.31+ the i386 kernel needs to run the mcelog utility
+as a regular cronjob similar to the x86-64 kernel to process and log
+machine check events when CONFIG_X86_NEW_MCE is enabled. Machine check
+events are errors reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
+All x86-64 kernels since 2.6.4 require the mcelog utility to
+process machine checks.
+
 Getting updated software
 ========================
 
@@ -365,6 +383,10 @@ FUSE
 ----
 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
 
+mcelog
+------
+o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/cpu/mce/mcelog/>
+
 Networking
 **********
 

Documentation/CodingStyle

@@ -698,8 +698,8 @@ very often is not. Abundant use of the inline keyword leads to a much bigger
 kernel, which in turn slows the system as a whole down, due to a bigger
 icache footprint for the CPU and simply because there is less memory
 available for the pagecache. Just think about it; a pagecache miss causes a
-disk seek, which easily takes 5 miliseconds. There are a LOT of cpu cycles
+disk seek, which easily takes 5 milliseconds. There are a LOT of cpu cycles
-that can go into these 5 miliseconds.
+that can go into these 5 milliseconds.
 
 A reasonable rule of thumb is to not put inline at functions that have more
 than 3 lines of code in them. An exception to this rule are the cases where

Documentation/DMA-API.txt

@@ -676,8 +676,8 @@ this directory the following files can currently be found:
 	dma-api/all_errors	This file contains a numeric value. If this
 				value is not equal to zero the debugging code
 				will print a warning for every error it finds
-				into the kernel log. Be carefull with this
+				into the kernel log. Be careful with this
-				option. It can easily flood your logs.
+				option, as it can easily flood your logs.
 
 	dma-api/disabled	This read-only file contains the character 'Y'
 				if the debugging code is disabled. This can

Documentation/DocBook/debugobjects.tmpl

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
       number of errors are printk'ed including a full stack trace.
     </para>
     <para>
-      The statistics are available via debugfs/debug_objects/stats.
+      The statistics are available via /sys/kernel/debug/debug_objects/stats.
       They provide information about the number of warnings and the
       number of successful fixups along with information about the
       usage of the internal tracking objects and the state of the

Documentation/DocBook/mac80211.tmpl

@@ -145,7 +145,6 @@ usage should require reading the full document.
         interface in STA mode at first!
       </para>
 !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_if_init_conf
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_if_conf
     </chapter>
 
     <chapter id="rx-tx">

Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.txt

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ to another chain) checking the final 'nulls' value if
 the lookup met the end of chain. If final 'nulls' value
 is not the slot number, then we must restart the lookup at
 the beginning. If the object was moved to the same chain,
-then the reader doesnt care : It might eventually
+then the reader doesn't care : It might eventually
 scan the list again without harm.
 
 

Documentation/SM501.txt

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Copyright 2006, 2007 Simtec Electronics
 
 The Silicon Motion SM501 multimedia companion chip is a multifunction device
 which may provide numerous interfaces including USB host controller USB gadget,
-Asyncronous Serial ports, Audio functions and a dual display video interface.
+asynchronous serial ports, audio functions, and a dual display video interface.
 The device may be connected by PCI or local bus with varying functions enabled.
 
 Core

Documentation/Smack.txt

@@ -184,8 +184,9 @@ length. Single character labels using special characters, that being anything
 other than a letter or digit, are reserved for use by the Smack development
 team. Smack labels are unstructured, case sensitive, and the only operation
 ever performed on them is comparison for equality. Smack labels cannot
-contain unprintable characters or the "/" (slash) character. Smack labels
+contain unprintable characters, the "/" (slash), the "\" (backslash), the "'"
-cannot begin with a '-', which is reserved for special options.
+(quote) and '"' (double-quote) characters.
+Smack labels cannot begin with a '-', which is reserved for special options.
 
 There are some predefined labels:
 
@@ -523,3 +524,18 @@ Smack supports some mount options:
 
 These mount options apply to all file system types.
 
+Smack auditing
+
+If you want Smack auditing of security events, you need to set CONFIG_AUDIT
+in your kernel configuration.
+By default, all denied events will be audited. You can change this behavior by
+writing a single character to the /smack/logging file :
+0 : no logging
+1 : log denied (default)
+2 : log accepted
+3 : log denied & accepted
+
+Events are logged as 'key=value' pairs, for each event you at least will get
+the subjet, the object, the rights requested, the action, the kernel function
+that triggered the event, plus other pairs depending on the type of event
+audited.

Documentation/SubmittingPatches

@@ -91,6 +91,10 @@ Be as specific as possible.  The WORST descriptions possible include
 things like "update driver X", "bug fix for driver X", or "this patch
 includes updates for subsystem X.  Please apply."
 
+The maintainer will thank you if you write your patch description in a
+form which can be easily pulled into Linux's source code management
+system, git, as a "commit log".  See #15, below.
+
 If your description starts to get long, that's a sign that you probably
 need to split up your patch.  See #3, next.
 
@@ -183,8 +187,9 @@ Even if the maintainer did not respond in step #4, make sure to ALWAYS
 copy the maintainer when you change their code.
 
 For small patches you may want to CC the Trivial Patch Monkey
-trivial@kernel.org managed by Jesper Juhl; which collects "trivial"
+trivial@kernel.org which collects "trivial" patches. Have a look
-patches. Trivial patches must qualify for one of the following rules:
+into the MAINTAINERS file for its current manager.
+Trivial patches must qualify for one of the following rules:
  Spelling fixes in documentation
  Spelling fixes which could break grep(1)
  Warning fixes (cluttering with useless warnings is bad)
@@ -196,7 +201,6 @@ patches. Trivial patches must qualify for one of the following rules:
  since people copy, as long as it's trivial)
  Any fix by the author/maintainer of the file (ie. patch monkey
  in re-transmission mode)
-URL: <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/juhl/trivial/>
 
 
 
@@ -405,7 +409,14 @@ person it names.  This tag documents that potentially interested parties
 have been included in the discussion
 
 
-14) Using Tested-by: and Reviewed-by:
+14) Using Reported-by:, Tested-by: and Reviewed-by:
+
+If this patch fixes a problem reported by somebody else, consider adding a
+Reported-by: tag to credit the reporter for their contribution.  Please
+note that this tag should not be added without the reporter's permission,
+especially if the problem was not reported in a public forum.  That said,
+if we diligently credit our bug reporters, they will, hopefully, be
+inspired to help us again in the future.
 
 A Tested-by: tag indicates that the patch has been successfully tested (in
 some environment) by the person named.  This tag informs maintainers that
@@ -444,7 +455,7 @@ offer a Reviewed-by tag for a patch.  This tag serves to give credit to
 reviewers and to inform maintainers of the degree of review which has been
 done on the patch.  Reviewed-by: tags, when supplied by reviewers known to
 understand the subject area and to perform thorough reviews, will normally
-increase the liklihood of your patch getting into the kernel.
+increase the likelihood of your patch getting into the kernel.
 
 
 15) The canonical patch format
@@ -485,12 +496,33 @@ phrase" should not be a filename.  Do not use the same "summary
 phrase" for every patch in a whole patch series (where a "patch
 series" is an ordered sequence of multiple, related patches).
 
-Bear in mind that the "summary phrase" of your email becomes
+Bear in mind that the "summary phrase" of your email becomes a
-a globally-unique identifier for that patch.  It propagates
+globally-unique identifier for that patch.  It propagates all the way
-all the way into the git changelog.  The "summary phrase" may
+into the git changelog.  The "summary phrase" may later be used in
-later be used in developer discussions which refer to the patch.
+developer discussions which refer to the patch.  People will want to
-People will want to google for the "summary phrase" to read
+google for the "summary phrase" to read discussion regarding that
-discussion regarding that patch.
+patch.  It will also be the only thing that people may quickly see
+when, two or three months later, they are going through perhaps
+thousands of patches using tools such as "gitk" or "git log
+--oneline".
+
+For these reasons, the "summary" must be no more than 70-75
+characters, and it must describe both what the patch changes, as well
+as why the patch might be necessary.  It is challenging to be both
+succinct and descriptive, but that is what a well-written summary
+should do.
+
+The "summary phrase" may be prefixed by tags enclosed in square
+brackets: "Subject: [PATCH tag] <summary phrase>".  The tags are not
+considered part of the summary phrase, but describe how the patch
+should be treated.  Common tags might include a version descriptor if
+the multiple versions of the patch have been sent out in response to
+comments (i.e., "v1, v2, v3"), or "RFC" to indicate a request for
+comments.  If there are four patches in a patch series the individual
+patches may be numbered like this: 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4.  This assures
+that developers understand the order in which the patches should be
+applied and that they have reviewed or applied all of the patches in
+the patch series.
 
 A couple of example Subjects:
 
@@ -510,19 +542,31 @@ the patch author in the changelog.
 The explanation body will be committed to the permanent source
 changelog, so should make sense to a competent reader who has long
 since forgotten the immediate details of the discussion that might
-have led to this patch.
+have led to this patch.  Including symptoms of the failure which the
+patch addresses (kernel log messages, oops messages, etc.) is
+especially useful for people who might be searching the commit logs
+looking for the applicable patch.  If a patch fixes a compile failure,
+it may not be necessary to include _all_ of the compile failures; just
+enough that it is likely that someone searching for the patch can find
+it.  As in the "summary phrase", it is important to be both succinct as
+well as descriptive.
 
 The "---" marker line serves the essential purpose of marking for patch
 handling tools where the changelog message ends.
 
 One good use for the additional comments after the "---" marker is for
-a diffstat, to show what files have changed, and the number of inserted
+a diffstat, to show what files have changed, and the number of
-and deleted lines per file.  A diffstat is especially useful on bigger
+inserted and deleted lines per file.  A diffstat is especially useful
-patches.  Other comments relevant only to the moment or the maintainer,
+on bigger patches.  Other comments relevant only to the moment or the
-not suitable for the permanent changelog, should also go here.
+maintainer, not suitable for the permanent changelog, should also go
-Use diffstat options "-p 1 -w 70" so that filenames are listed from the
+here.  A good example of such comments might be "patch changelogs"
-top of the kernel source tree and don't use too much horizontal space
+which describe what has changed between the v1 and v2 version of the
-(easily fit in 80 columns, maybe with some indentation).
+patch.
+
+If you are going to include a diffstat after the "---" marker, please
+use diffstat options "-p 1 -w 70" so that filenames are listed from
+the top of the kernel source tree and don't use too much horizontal
+space (easily fit in 80 columns, maybe with some indentation).
 
 See more details on the proper patch format in the following
 references.

Documentation/accounting/getdelays.c

@@ -246,7 +246,8 @@ void print_ioacct(struct taskstats *t)
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
-	int c, rc, rep_len, aggr_len, len2, cmd_type;
+	int c, rc, rep_len, aggr_len, len2;
+	int cmd_type = TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_UNSPEC;
 	__u16 id;
 	__u32 mypid;
 

Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/GPIO.txt

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ PIN Numbers
 -----------
 
   Each pin has an unique number associated with it in regs-gpio.h,
-  eg S3C2410_GPA0 or S3C2410_GPF1. These defines are used to tell
+  eg S3C2410_GPA(0) or S3C2410_GPF(1). These defines are used to tell
   the GPIO functions which pin is to be used.
 
 
@@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ Configuring a pin
 
   Eg:
 
-     s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPA0, S3C2410_GPA0_ADDR0);
+     s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPA(0), S3C2410_GPA0_ADDR0);
-     s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPE8, S3C2410_GPE8_SDDAT1);
+     s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPE(8), S3C2410_GPE8_SDDAT1);
 
-   which would turn GPA0 into the lowest Address line A0, and set
+   which would turn GPA(0) into the lowest Address line A0, and set
-   GPE8 to be connected to the SDIO/MMC controller's SDDAT1 line.
+   GPE(8) to be connected to the SDIO/MMC controller's SDDAT1 line.
 
 
 Reading the current configuration

Documentation/atomic_ops.txt

@@ -229,10 +229,10 @@ kernel.  It is the use of atomic counters to implement reference
 counting, and it works such that once the counter falls to zero it can
 be guaranteed that no other entity can be accessing the object:
 
-static void obj_list_add(struct obj *obj)
+static void obj_list_add(struct obj *obj, struct list_head *head)
 {
 	obj->active = 1;
-	list_add(&obj->list);
+	list_add(&obj->list, head);
 }
 
 static void obj_list_del(struct obj *obj)

Documentation/block/biodoc.txt

@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ a virtual address mapping (unlike the earlier scheme of virtual address
 do not have a corresponding kernel virtual address space mapping) and
 low-memory pages.
 
-Note: Please refer to Documentation/PCI/PCI-DMA-mapping.txt for a discussion
+Note: Please refer to Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt for a discussion
 on PCI high mem DMA aspects and mapping of scatter gather lists, and support
 for 64 bit PCI.
 

Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ same criteria as reads.
 front_merges	(bool)
 ------------
 
-Sometimes it happens that a request enters the io scheduler that is contigious
+Sometimes it happens that a request enters the io scheduler that is contiguous
 with a request that is already on the queue. Either it fits in the back of that
 request, or it fits at the front. That is called either a back merge candidate
 or a front merge candidate. Due to the way files are typically laid out,

Documentation/braille-console.txt

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ parameter.
 
 For simplicity, only one braille console can be enabled, other uses of
 console=brl,... will be discarded.  Also note that it does not interfere with
-the console selection mecanism described in serial-console.txt
+the console selection mechanism described in serial-console.txt
 
 For now, only the VisioBraille device is supported.
 

Documentation/cdrom/packet-writing.txt

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ Using the pktcdvd debugfs interface
 
 To read pktcdvd device infos in human readable form, do:
 
-	# cat /debug/pktcdvd/pktcdvd[0-7]/info
+	# cat /sys/kernel/debug/pktcdvd/pktcdvd[0-7]/info
 
 For a description of the debugfs interface look into the file:
 

Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt

@@ -152,14 +152,19 @@ When swap is accounted, following files are added.
 
 usage of mem+swap is limited by memsw.limit_in_bytes.
 
-Note: why 'mem+swap' rather than swap.
+* why 'mem+swap' rather than swap.
 The global LRU(kswapd) can swap out arbitrary pages. Swap-out means
 to move account from memory to swap...there is no change in usage of
-mem+swap.
+mem+swap. In other words, when we want to limit the usage of swap without
+affecting global LRU, mem+swap limit is better than just limiting swap from
+OS point of view.
 
-In other words, when we want to limit the usage of swap without affecting
+* What happens when a cgroup hits memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes
-global LRU, mem+swap limit is better than just limiting swap from OS point
+When a cgroup his memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes, it's useless to do swap-out
-of view.
+in this cgroup. Then, swap-out will not be done by cgroup routine and file
+caches are dropped. But as mentioned above, global LRU can do swapout memory
+from it for sanity of the system's memory management state. You can't forbid
+it by cgroup.
 
 2.5 Reclaim
 
@@ -204,6 +209,7 @@ We can alter the memory limit:
 
 NOTE: We can use a suffix (k, K, m, M, g or G) to indicate values in kilo,
 mega or gigabytes.
+NOTE: We can write "-1" to reset the *.limit_in_bytes(unlimited).
 
 # cat /cgroups/0/memory.limit_in_bytes
 4194304

Documentation/connector/cn_test.c

@@ -41,6 +41,12 @@ void cn_test_callback(void *data)
 	       msg->seq, msg->ack, msg->len, (char *)msg->data);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Do not remove this function even if no one is using it as
+ * this is an example of how to get notifications about new
+ * connector user registration
+ */
+#if 0
 static int cn_test_want_notify(void)
 {
 	struct cn_ctl_msg *ctl;
@@ -117,6 +123,7 @@ nlmsg_failure:
 	kfree_skb(skb);
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
+#endif
 
 static u32 cn_test_timer_counter;
 static void cn_test_timer_func(unsigned long __data)

Documentation/cpu-freq/cpu-drivers.txt

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ actual frequency must be determined using the following rules:
 - if relation==CPUFREQ_REL_H, try to select a new_freq lower than or equal
   target_freq. ("H for highest, but no higher than")
 
-Here again the frequency table helper might assist you - see section 3
+Here again the frequency table helper might assist you - see section 2
 for details.
 
 

Documentation/cpu-freq/governors.txt

@@ -119,10 +119,6 @@ want the kernel to look at the CPU usage and to make decisions on
 what to do about the frequency.  Typically this is set to values of
 around '10000' or more. It's default value is (cmp. with users-guide.txt):
 transition_latency * 1000
-The lowest value you can set is:
-transition_latency * 100 or it may get restricted to a value where it
-makes not sense for the kernel anymore to poll that often which depends
-on your HZ config variable (HZ=1000: max=20000us, HZ=250: max=5000).
 Be aware that transition latency is in ns and sampling_rate is in us, so you
 get the same sysfs value by default.
 Sampling rate should always get adjusted considering the transition latency
@@ -131,14 +127,20 @@ in the bash (as said, 1000 is default), do:
 echo `$(($(cat cpuinfo_transition_latency) * 750 / 1000)) \
     >ondemand/sampling_rate
 
-show_sampling_rate_(min|max): THIS INTERFACE IS DEPRECATED, DON'T USE IT.
+show_sampling_rate_min:
-You can use wider ranges now and the general
+The sampling rate is limited by the HW transition latency:
-cpuinfo_transition_latency variable (cmp. with user-guide.txt) can be
+transition_latency * 100
-used to obtain exactly the same info:
+Or by kernel restrictions:
-show_sampling_rate_min = transtition_latency * 500    / 1000
+If CONFIG_NO_HZ is set, the limit is 10ms fixed.
-show_sampling_rate_max = transtition_latency * 500000 / 1000
+If CONFIG_NO_HZ is not set or no_hz=off boot parameter is used, the
-(divided by 1000 is to illustrate that sampling rate is in us and
+limits depend on the CONFIG_HZ option:
-transition latency is exported ns).
+HZ=1000: min=20000us  (20ms)
+HZ=250:  min=80000us  (80ms)
+HZ=100:  min=200000us (200ms)
+The highest value of kernel and HW latency restrictions is shown and
+used as the minimum sampling rate.
+
+show_sampling_rate_max: THIS INTERFACE IS DEPRECATED, DON'T USE IT.
 
 up_threshold: defines what the average CPU usage between the samplings
 of 'sampling_rate' needs to be for the kernel to make a decision on

Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ Contents:
 
 3. How to change the CPU cpufreq policy and/or speed
 3.1 Preferred interface: sysfs
-3.2 Deprecated interfaces
 
 
 

Documentation/dell_rbu.txt

@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ Do the steps below to download the BIOS image.
 
 The /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/ entries will remain till the following is
 done.
-echo -1 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading.
+echo -1 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
 Until this step is completed the driver cannot be unloaded.
-Also echoing either mono ,packet or init in to image_type will free up the
+Also echoing either mono, packet or init in to image_type will free up the
 memory allocated by the driver.
 
 If a user by accident executes steps 1 and 3 above without executing step 2;

Documentation/development-process/5.Posting

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ which takes quite a bit of time and thought after the "real work" has been
 done.  When done properly, though, it is time well spent.
 
 
-5.4: PATCH FORMATTING
+5.4: PATCH FORMATTING AND CHANGELOGS
 
 So now you have a perfect series of patches for posting, but the work is
 not done quite yet.  Each patch needs to be formatted into a message which
@@ -146,8 +146,33 @@ that end, each patch will be composed of the following:
  - One or more tag lines, with, at a minimum, one Signed-off-by: line from
    the author of the patch.  Tags will be described in more detail below.
 
-The above three items should, normally, be the text used when committing
+The items above, together, form the changelog for the patch.  Writing good
-the change to a revision control system.  They are followed by:
+changelogs is a crucial but often-neglected art; it's worth spending
+another moment discussing this issue.  When writing a changelog, you should
+bear in mind that a number of different people will be reading your words.
+These include subsystem maintainers and reviewers who need to decide
+whether the patch should be included, distributors and other maintainers
+trying to decide whether a patch should be backported to other kernels, bug
+hunters wondering whether the patch is responsible for a problem they are
+chasing, users who want to know how the kernel has changed, and more.  A
+good changelog conveys the needed information to all of these people in the
+most direct and concise way possible.
+
+To that end, the summary line should describe the effects of and motivation
+for the change as well as possible given the one-line constraint.  The
+detailed description can then amplify on those topics and provide any
+needed additional information.  If the patch fixes a bug, cite the commit
+which introduced the bug if possible.  If a problem is associated with
+specific log or compiler output, include that output to help others
+searching for a solution to the same problem.  If the change is meant to
+support other changes coming in later patch, say so.  If internal APIs are
+changed, detail those changes and how other developers should respond.  In
+general, the more you can put yourself into the shoes of everybody who will
+be reading your changelog, the better that changelog (and the kernel as a
+whole) will be.
+
+Needless to say, the changelog should be the text used when committing the
+change to a revision control system.  It will be followed by:
 
  - The patch itself, in the unified ("-u") patch format.  Using the "-p"
    option to diff will associate function names with changes, making the

Documentation/driver-model/device.txt

@@ -162,3 +162,35 @@ device_remove_file(dev,&dev_attr_power);
 
 The file name will be 'power' with a mode of 0644 (-rw-r--r--).
 
+Word of warning:  While the kernel allows device_create_file() and
+device_remove_file() to be called on a device at any time, userspace has
+strict expectations on when attributes get created.  When a new device is
+registered in the kernel, a uevent is generated to notify userspace (like
+udev) that a new device is available.  If attributes are added after the
+device is registered, then userspace won't get notified and userspace will
+not know about the new attributes.
+
+This is important for device driver that need to publish additional
+attributes for a device at driver probe time.  If the device driver simply
+calls device_create_file() on the device structure passed to it, then
+userspace will never be notified of the new attributes.  Instead, it should
+probably use class_create() and class->dev_attrs to set up a list of
+desired attributes in the modules_init function, and then in the .probe()
+hook, and then use device_create() to create a new device as a child
+of the probed device.  The new device will generate a new uevent and
+properly advertise the new attributes to userspace.
+
+For example, if a driver wanted to add the following attributes:
+struct device_attribute mydriver_attribs[] = {
+	__ATTR(port_count, 0444, port_count_show),
+	__ATTR(serial_number, 0444, serial_number_show),
+	NULL
+};
+
+Then in the module init function is would do:
+	mydriver_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "my_attrs");
+	mydriver_class.dev_attr = mydriver_attribs;
+
+And assuming 'dev' is the struct device passed into the probe hook, the driver
+probe function would do something like:
+	create_device(&mydriver_class, dev, chrdev, &private_data, "my_name");

Documentation/driver-model/devres.txt

@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ For example, you can do something like the following.
 
   void my_midlayer_destroy_something()
   {
-	devres_release_group(dev, my_midlayer_create_soemthing);
+	devres_release_group(dev, my_midlayer_create_something);
   }
 
 

Documentation/dvb/get_dvb_firmware

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ sub tda10045 {
 
 sub tda10046 {
 	my $sourcefile = "TT_PCI_2.19h_28_11_2006.zip";
-	my $url = "http://technotrend-online.com/download/software/219/$sourcefile";
+	my $url = "http://www.tt-download.com/download/updates/219/$sourcefile";
 	my $hash = "6a7e1e2f2644b162ff0502367553c72d";
 	my $outfile = "dvb-fe-tda10046.fw";
 	my $tmpdir = tempdir(DIR => "/tmp", CLEANUP => 1);
@@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ sub tda10046 {
 }
 
 sub tda10046lifeview {
-    my $sourcefile = "Drv_2.11.02.zip";
+    my $sourcefile = "7%5Cdrv_2.11.02.zip";
-    my $url = "http://www.lifeview.com.tw/drivers/pci_card/FlyDVB-T/$sourcefile";
+    my $url = "http://www.lifeview.hk/dbimages/document/$sourcefile";
     my $hash = "1ea24dee4eea8fe971686981f34fd2e0";
     my $outfile = "dvb-fe-tda10046.fw";
     my $tmpdir = tempdir(DIR => "/tmp", CLEANUP => 1);
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ sub nxt2002 {
 
 sub nxt2004 {
     my $sourcefile = "AVerTVHD_MCE_A180_Drv_v1.2.2.16.zip";
-    my $url = "http://www.aver.com/support/Drivers/$sourcefile";
+    my $url = "http://www.avermedia-usa.com/support/Drivers/$sourcefile";
     my $hash = "111cb885b1e009188346d72acfed024c";
     my $outfile = "dvb-fe-nxt2004.fw";
     my $tmpdir = tempdir(DIR => "/tmp", CLEANUP => 1);

Documentation/edac.txt

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ first time, it was renamed to 'EDAC'.
 The bluesmoke project at sourceforge.net is now utilized as a 'staging area'
 for EDAC development, before it is sent upstream to kernel.org
 
-At the bluesmoke/EDAC project site, is a series of quilt patches against
+At the bluesmoke/EDAC project site is a series of quilt patches against
-recent kernels, stored in a SVN respository. For easier downloading, there
+recent kernels, stored in a SVN repository. For easier downloading, there
 is also a tarball snapshot available.
 
 ============================================================================
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ the vendor should tie the parity status bits to 0 if they do not intend
 to generate parity.  Some vendors do not do this, and thus the parity bit
 can "float" giving false positives.
 
-In the kernel there is a pci device attribute located in sysfs that is
+In the kernel there is a PCI device attribute located in sysfs that is
 checked by the EDAC PCI scanning code. If that attribute is set,
-PCI parity/error scannining is skipped for that device. The attribute
+PCI parity/error scanning is skipped for that device. The attribute
 is:
 
 	broken_parity_status

Documentation/fault-injection/fault-injection.txt

@@ -29,16 +29,16 @@ o debugfs entries
 fault-inject-debugfs kernel module provides some debugfs entries for runtime
 configuration of fault-injection capabilities.
 
-- /debug/fail*/probability:
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/probability:
 
 	likelihood of failure injection, in percent.
 	Format: <percent>
 
 	Note that one-failure-per-hundred is a very high error rate
 	for some testcases.  Consider setting probability=100 and configure
-	/debug/fail*/interval for such testcases.
+	/sys/kernel/debug/fail*/interval for such testcases.
 
-- /debug/fail*/interval:
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/interval:
 
 	specifies the interval between failures, for calls to
 	should_fail() that pass all the other tests.
@@ -46,18 +46,18 @@ configuration of fault-injection capabilities.
 	Note that if you enable this, by setting interval>1, you will
 	probably want to set probability=100.
 
-- /debug/fail*/times:
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/times:
 
 	specifies how many times failures may happen at most.
 	A value of -1 means "no limit".
 
-- /debug/fail*/space:
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/space:
 
 	specifies an initial resource "budget", decremented by "size"
 	on each call to should_fail(,size).  Failure injection is
 	suppressed until "space" reaches zero.
 
-- /debug/fail*/verbose
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/verbose
 
 	Format: { 0 | 1 | 2 }
 	specifies the verbosity of the messages when failure is
@@ -65,17 +65,17 @@ configuration of fault-injection capabilities.
 	log line per failure; '2' will print a call trace too -- useful
 	to debug the problems revealed by fault injection.
 
-- /debug/fail*/task-filter:
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/task-filter:
 
 	Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
 	A value of 'N' disables filtering by process (default).
 	Any positive value limits failures to only processes indicated by
 	/proc/<pid>/make-it-fail==1.
 
-- /debug/fail*/require-start:
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/require-start:
-- /debug/fail*/require-end:
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/require-end:
-- /debug/fail*/reject-start:
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/reject-start:
-- /debug/fail*/reject-end:
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/reject-end:
 
 	specifies the range of virtual addresses tested during
 	stacktrace walking.  Failure is injected only if some caller
@@ -84,26 +84,26 @@ configuration of fault-injection capabilities.
 	Default required range is [0,ULONG_MAX) (whole of virtual address space).
 	Default rejected range is [0,0).
 
-- /debug/fail*/stacktrace-depth:
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/stacktrace-depth:
 
 	specifies the maximum stacktrace depth walked during search
 	for a caller within [require-start,require-end) OR
 	[reject-start,reject-end).
 
-- /debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-highmem:
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-highmem:
 
 	Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
 	default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' won't inject failures into
 	highmem/user allocations.
 
-- /debug/failslab/ignore-gfp-wait:
+- /sys/kernel/debug/failslab/ignore-gfp-wait:
-- /debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-wait:
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-wait:
 
 	Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
 	default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' will inject failures
 	only into non-sleep allocations (GFP_ATOMIC allocations).
 
-- /debug/fail_page_alloc/min-order:
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/min-order:
 
 	specifies the minimum page allocation order to be injected
 	failures.
@@ -166,13 +166,13 @@ o Inject slab allocation failures into module init/exit code
 #!/bin/bash
 
 FAILTYPE=failslab
-echo Y > /debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
+echo Y > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
-echo 10 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
+echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
-echo 100 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
+echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
-echo -1 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/times
+echo -1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/times
-echo 0 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/space
+echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/space
-echo 2 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
+echo 2 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
-echo 1 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
+echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
 
 faulty_system()
 {
@@ -217,20 +217,20 @@ then
 	exit 1
 fi
 
-cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.text > /debug/$FAILTYPE/require-start
+cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.text > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/require-start
-cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.data > /debug/$FAILTYPE/require-end
+cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.data > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/require-end
 
-echo N > /debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
+echo N > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
-echo 10 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
+echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
-echo 100 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
+echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
-echo -1 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/times
+echo -1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/times
-echo 0 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/space
+echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/space
-echo 2 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
+echo 2 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
-echo 1 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
+echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
-echo 1 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-highmem
+echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-highmem
-echo 10 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/stacktrace-depth
+echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/stacktrace-depth
 
-trap "echo 0 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/probability" SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
+trap "echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability" SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
 
 echo "Injecting errors into the module $module... (interrupt to stop)"
 sleep 1000000

Documentation/fb/sh7760fb.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 SH7760/SH7763 integrated LCDC Framebuffer driver
 ================================================
 
-0. Overwiew
+0. Overview
 -----------
 The SH7760/SH7763 have an integrated LCD Display controller (LCDC) which
 supports (in theory) resolutions ranging from 1x1 to 1024x1024,

Documentation/fb/vesafb.txt

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ There is no way to change the vesafb video mode and/or timings after
 booting linux.  If you are not happy with the 60 Hz refresh rate, you
 have these options:
 
- * configure and load the DOS-Tools for your the graphics board (if
+ * configure and load the DOS-Tools for the graphics board (if
    available) and boot linux with loadlin.
  * use a native driver (matroxfb/atyfb) instead if vesafb.  If none
    is available, write a new one!

Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt

@@ -6,6 +6,20 @@ be removed from this file.
 
 ---------------------------
 
+What:	IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM
+Check:	IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM
+When:	July 2009
+
+Why:	Many of IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM users are technically bogus as entropy
+	sources in the kernel's current entropy model. To resolve this, every
+	input point to the kernel's entropy pool needs to better document the
+	type of entropy source it actually is. This will be replaced with
+	additional add_*_randomness functions in drivers/char/random.c
+
+Who:	Robin Getz <rgetz@blackfin.uclinux.org> & Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
+
+---------------------------
+
 What:	The ieee80211_regdom module parameter
 When:	March 2010 / desktop catchup
 
@@ -437,3 +451,20 @@ Why:	Superseded by tdfxfb. I2C/DDC support used to live in a separate
 	driver but this caused driver conflicts.
 Who:	Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
 	Krzysztof Helt <krzysztof.h1@wp.pl>
+
+---------------------------
+
+What:	CONFIG_RFKILL_INPUT
+When:	2.6.33
+Why:	Should be implemented in userspace, policy daemon.
+Who:	Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
+
+----------------------------
+
+What:	CONFIG_X86_OLD_MCE
+When:	2.6.32
+Why:	Remove the old legacy 32bit machine check code. This has been
+	superseded by the newer machine check code from the 64bit port,
+	but the old version has been kept around for easier testing. Note this
+	doesn't impact the old P5 and WinChip machine check handlers.
+Who:	Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>

Documentation/filesystems/Locking

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ readpages:		no
 write_begin:		no	locks the page		yes
 write_end:		no	yes, unlocks		yes
 perform_write:		no	n/a			yes
-bmap:			yes
+bmap:			no
 invalidatepage:		no	yes
 releasepage:		no	yes
 direct_IO:		no

Documentation/filesystems/autofs4-mount-control.txt

@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ The call requires an initialized struct autofs_dev_ioctl. There are two
 possible variations. Both use the path field set to the path of the mount
 point to check and the size field adjusted appropriately. One uses the
 ioctlfd field to identify a specific mount point to check while the other
-variation uses the path and optionaly arg1 set to an autofs mount type.
+variation uses the path and optionally arg1 set to an autofs mount type.
 The call returns 1 if this is a mount point and sets arg1 to the device
 number of the mount and field arg2 to the relevant super block magic
 number (described below) or 0 if it isn't a mountpoint. In both cases

Documentation/filesystems/caching/netfs-api.txt

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ This has the following fields:
      have index children.
 
      If this function is not supplied or if it returns NULL then the first
-     cache in the parent's list will be chosed, or failing that, the first
+     cache in the parent's list will be chosen, or failing that, the first
      cache in the master list.
 
  (4) A function to retrieve an object's key from the netfs [mandatory].

Documentation/filesystems/debugfs.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+Copyright 2009 Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
+
+Debugfs exists as a simple way for kernel developers to make information
+available to user space.  Unlike /proc, which is only meant for information
+about a process, or sysfs, which has strict one-value-per-file rules,
+debugfs has no rules at all.  Developers can put any information they want
+there.  The debugfs filesystem is also intended to not serve as a stable
+ABI to user space; in theory, there are no stability constraints placed on
+files exported there.  The real world is not always so simple, though [1];
+even debugfs interfaces are best designed with the idea that they will need
+to be maintained forever.
+
+Debugfs is typically mounted with a command like:
+
+    mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug
+
+(Or an equivalent /etc/fstab line). 
+
+Note that the debugfs API is exported GPL-only to modules.
+
+Code using debugfs should include <linux/debugfs.h>.  Then, the first order
+of business will be to create at least one directory to hold a set of
+debugfs files:
+
+    struct dentry *debugfs_create_dir(const char *name, struct dentry *parent);
+
+This call, if successful, will make a directory called name underneath the
+indicated parent directory.  If parent is NULL, the directory will be
+created in the debugfs root.  On success, the return value is a struct
+dentry pointer which can be used to create files in the directory (and to
+clean it up at the end).  A NULL return value indicates that something went
+wrong.  If ERR_PTR(-ENODEV) is returned, that is an indication that the
+kernel has been built without debugfs support and none of the functions
+described below will work.
+
+The most general way to create a file within a debugfs directory is with:
+
+    struct dentry *debugfs_create_file(const char *name, mode_t mode,
+				       struct dentry *parent, void *data,
+				       const struct file_operations *fops);
+
+Here, name is the name of the file to create, mode describes the access
+permissions the file should have, parent indicates the directory which
+should hold the file, data will be stored in the i_private field of the
+resulting inode structure, and fops is a set of file operations which
+implement the file's behavior.  At a minimum, the read() and/or write()
+operations should be provided; others can be included as needed.  Again,
+the return value will be a dentry pointer to the created file, NULL for
+error, or ERR_PTR(-ENODEV) if debugfs support is missing.
+
+In a number of cases, the creation of a set of file operations is not
+actually necessary; the debugfs code provides a number of helper functions
+for simple situations.  Files containing a single integer value can be
+created with any of:
+
+    struct dentry *debugfs_create_u8(const char *name, mode_t mode,
+				     struct dentry *parent, u8 *value);
+    struct dentry *debugfs_create_u16(const char *name, mode_t mode,
+				      struct dentry *parent, u16 *value);
+    struct dentry *debugfs_create_u32(const char *name, mode_t mode,
+				      struct dentry *parent, u32 *value);
+    struct dentry *debugfs_create_u64(const char *name, mode_t mode,
+				      struct dentry *parent, u64 *value);
+
+These files support both reading and writing the given value; if a specific
+file should not be written to, simply set the mode bits accordingly.  The
+values in these files are in decimal; if hexadecimal is more appropriate,
+the following functions can be used instead:
+
+    struct dentry *debugfs_create_x8(const char *name, mode_t mode,
+				     struct dentry *parent, u8 *value);
+    struct dentry *debugfs_create_x16(const char *name, mode_t mode,
+				      struct dentry *parent, u16 *value);
+    struct dentry *debugfs_create_x32(const char *name, mode_t mode,
+				      struct dentry *parent, u32 *value);
+
+Note that there is no debugfs_create_x64().
+
+These functions are useful as long as the developer knows the size of the
+value to be exported.  Some types can have different widths on different
+architectures, though, complicating the situation somewhat.  There is a
+function meant to help out in one special case:
+
+    struct dentry *debugfs_create_size_t(const char *name, mode_t mode,
+				         struct dentry *parent, 
+					 size_t *value);
+
+As might be expected, this function will create a debugfs file to represent
+a variable of type size_t.
+
+Boolean values can be placed in debugfs with:
+
+    struct dentry *debugfs_create_bool(const char *name, mode_t mode,
+				       struct dentry *parent, u32 *value);
+
+A read on the resulting file will yield either Y (for non-zero values) or
+N, followed by a newline.  If written to, it will accept either upper- or
+lower-case values, or 1 or 0.  Any other input will be silently ignored.
+
+Finally, a block of arbitrary binary data can be exported with:
+
+    struct debugfs_blob_wrapper {
+	void *data;
+	unsigned long size;
+    };
+
+    struct dentry *debugfs_create_blob(const char *name, mode_t mode,
+				       struct dentry *parent,
+				       struct debugfs_blob_wrapper *blob);
+
+A read of this file will return the data pointed to by the
+debugfs_blob_wrapper structure.  Some drivers use "blobs" as a simple way
+to return several lines of (static) formatted text output.  This function
+can be used to export binary information, but there does not appear to be
+any code which does so in the mainline.  Note that all files created with
+debugfs_create_blob() are read-only.
+
+There are a couple of other directory-oriented helper functions:
+
+    struct dentry *debugfs_rename(struct dentry *old_dir, 
+    				  struct dentry *old_dentry,
+		                  struct dentry *new_dir, 
+				  const char *new_name);
+
+    struct dentry *debugfs_create_symlink(const char *name, 
+                                          struct dentry *parent,
+				      	  const char *target);
+
+A call to debugfs_rename() will give a new name to an existing debugfs
+file, possibly in a different directory.  The new_name must not exist prior
+to the call; the return value is old_dentry with updated information.
+Symbolic links can be created with debugfs_create_symlink().
+
+There is one important thing that all debugfs users must take into account:
+there is no automatic cleanup of any directories created in debugfs.  If a
+module is unloaded without explicitly removing debugfs entries, the result
+will be a lot of stale pointers and no end of highly antisocial behavior.
+So all debugfs users - at least those which can be built as modules - must
+be prepared to remove all files and directories they create there.  A file
+can be removed with:
+
+    void debugfs_remove(struct dentry *dentry);
+
+The dentry value can be NULL, in which case nothing will be removed.
+
+Once upon a time, debugfs users were required to remember the dentry
+pointer for every debugfs file they created so that all files could be
+cleaned up.  We live in more civilized times now, though, and debugfs users
+can call:
+
+    void debugfs_remove_recursive(struct dentry *dentry);
+
+If this function is passed a pointer for the dentry corresponding to the
+top-level directory, the entire hierarchy below that directory will be
+removed.
+
+Notes:
+	[1] http://lwn.net/Articles/309298/

Documentation/filesystems/ext2.txt

@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ an upper limit on the block size imposed by the page size of the kernel,
 so 8kB blocks are only allowed on Alpha systems (and other architectures
 which support larger pages).
 
-There is an upper limit of 32768 subdirectories in a single directory.
+There is an upper limit of 32000 subdirectories in a single directory.
 
 There is a "soft" upper limit of about 10-15k files in a single directory
 with the current linear linked-list directory implementation.  This limit

Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt

@@ -235,6 +235,10 @@ minixdf			Make 'df' act like Minix.
 
 debug			Extra debugging information is sent to syslog.
 
+abort			Simulate the effects of calling ext4_abort() for
+			debugging purposes.  This is normally used while
+			remounting a filesystem which is already mounted.
+
 errors=remount-ro	Remount the filesystem read-only on an error.
 errors=continue		Keep going on a filesystem error.
 errors=panic		Panic and halt the machine if an error occurs.
@@ -294,7 +298,7 @@ max_batch_time=usec	Maximum amount of time ext4 should wait for
 			amount of time (on average) that it takes to
 			finish committing a transaction.  Call this time
 			the "commit time".  If the time that the
-			transactoin has been running is less than the
+			transaction has been running is less than the
 			commit time, ext4 will try sleeping for the
 			commit time to see if other operations will join
 			the transaction.   The commit time is capped by
@@ -328,7 +332,7 @@ noauto_da_alloc		replacing existing files via patterns such as
 			journal commit, in the default data=ordered
 			mode, the data blocks of the new file are forced
 			to disk before the rename() operation is
-			commited.  This provides roughly the same level
+			committed.  This provides roughly the same level
 			of guarantees as ext3, and avoids the
 			"zero-length" problem that can happen when a
 			system crashes before the delayed allocation
@@ -358,7 +362,7 @@ written to the journal first, and then to its final location.
 In the event of a crash, the journal can be replayed, bringing both data and
 metadata into a consistent state.  This mode is the slowest except when data
 needs to be read from and written to disk at the same time where it
-outperforms all others modes.  Curently ext4 does not have delayed
+outperforms all others modes.  Currently ext4 does not have delayed
 allocation support if this data journalling mode is selected.
 
 References

Documentation/filesystems/fiemap.txt

@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ fiemap_check_flags() helper:
 
 int fiemap_check_flags(struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo, u32 fs_flags);
 
-The struct fieinfo should be passed in as recieved from ioctl_fiemap(). The
+The struct fieinfo should be passed in as received from ioctl_fiemap(). The
 set of fiemap flags which the fs understands should be passed via fs_flags. If
 fiemap_check_flags finds invalid user flags, it will place the bad values in
 fieinfo->fi_flags and return -EBADR. If the file system gets -EBADR, from

Documentation/filesystems/gfs2-glocks.txt

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ go_lock          | Called for the first local holder of a lock
 go_unlock        | Called on the final local unlock of a lock
 go_dump          | Called to print content of object for debugfs file, or on
                  | error to dump glock to the log.
-go_type;         | The type of the glock, LM_TYPE_.....
+go_type          | The type of the glock, LM_TYPE_.....
 go_min_hold_time | The minimum hold time
 
 The minimum hold time for each lock is the time after a remote lock

Documentation/filesystems/gfs2.txt

@@ -11,18 +11,15 @@ their I/O so file system consistency is maintained.  One of the nifty
 features of GFS is perfect consistency -- changes made to the file system
 on one machine show up immediately on all other machines in the cluster.
 
-GFS uses interchangable inter-node locking mechanisms.  Different lock
+GFS uses interchangable inter-node locking mechanisms, the currently
-modules can plug into GFS and each file system selects the appropriate
+supported mechanisms are:
-lock module at mount time.  Lock modules include:
 
   lock_nolock -- allows gfs to be used as a local file system
 
   lock_dlm -- uses a distributed lock manager (dlm) for inter-node locking
   The dlm is found at linux/fs/dlm/
 
-In addition to interfacing with an external locking manager, a gfs lock
+Lock_dlm depends on user space cluster management systems found
-module is responsible for interacting with external cluster management
-systems.  Lock_dlm depends on user space cluster management systems found
 at the URL above.
 
 To use gfs as a local file system, no external clustering systems are
@@ -31,13 +28,19 @@ needed, simply:
   $ mkfs -t gfs2 -p lock_nolock -j 1 /dev/block_device
   $ mount -t gfs2 /dev/block_device /dir
 
-GFS2 is not on-disk compatible with previous versions of GFS.
+If you are using Fedora, you need to install the gfs2-utils package
+and, for lock_dlm, you will also need to install the cman package
+and write a cluster.conf as per the documentation.
+
+GFS2 is not on-disk compatible with previous versions of GFS, but it
+is pretty close.
 
 The following man pages can be found at the URL above:
-  gfs2_fsck	to repair a filesystem
+  fsck.gfs2	to repair a filesystem
   gfs2_grow	to expand a filesystem online
   gfs2_jadd	to add journals to a filesystem online
   gfs2_tool	to manipulate, examine and tune a filesystem
   gfs2_quota	to examine and change quota values in a filesystem
+  gfs2_convert	to convert a gfs filesystem to gfs2 in-place
   mount.gfs2	to help mount(8) mount a filesystem
   mkfs.gfs2	to make a filesystem

Documentation/filesystems/isofs.txt

@@ -23,8 +23,13 @@ Mount options unique to the isofs filesystem.
   map=off       Do not map non-Rock Ridge filenames to lower case
   map=normal    Map non-Rock Ridge filenames to lower case
   map=acorn     As map=normal but also apply Acorn extensions if present
-  mode=xxx      Sets the permissions on files to xxx
+  mode=xxx      Sets the permissions on files to xxx unless Rock Ridge
-  dmode=xxx     Sets the permissions on directories to xxx
+		extensions set the permissions otherwise
+  dmode=xxx     Sets the permissions on directories to xxx unless Rock Ridge
+		extensions set the permissions otherwise
+  overriderockperm Set permissions on files and directories according to
+		'mode' and 'dmode' even though Rock Ridge extensions are
+		present.
   nojoliet      Ignore Joliet extensions if they are present.
   norock        Ignore Rock Ridge extensions if they are present.
   hide		Completely strip hidden files from the file system.

Documentation/filesystems/nfs-rdma.txt

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Installation
     $ sudo cp utils/mount/mount.nfs /sbin/mount.nfs
 
     In this location, mount.nfs will be invoked automatically for NFS mounts
-    by the system mount commmand.
+    by the system mount command.
 
     NOTE: mount.nfs and therefore nfs-utils-1.1.2 or greater is only needed
     on the NFS client machine. You do not need this specific version of

Documentation/filesystems/nilfs2.txt

@@ -39,9 +39,8 @@ Features which NILFS2 does not support yet:
 	- extended attributes
 	- POSIX ACLs
 	- quotas
-	- writable snapshots
+	- fsck
-	- remote backup (CDP)
+	- resize
-	- data integrity
 	- defragmentation
 
 Mount options

Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt

@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@
                   Bodo Bauer <bb@ricochet.net>
 
 2.4.x update	  Jorge Nerin <comandante@zaralinux.com>      November 14 2000
-move /proc/sys	  Shen Feng <shen@cn.fujitsu.com>		    April 1 2009
+move /proc/sys	  Shen Feng <shen@cn.fujitsu.com>		  April 1 2009
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Version 1.3                                              Kernel version 2.2.12
 					      Kernel version 2.4.0-test11-pre4
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+fixes/update part 1.1  Stefani Seibold <stefani@seibold.net>       June 9 2009
 
 Table of Contents
 -----------------
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ The link  self  points  to  the  process reading the file system. Each process
 subdirectory has the entries listed in Table 1-1.
 
 
-Table 1-1: Process specific entries in /proc 
+Table 1-1: Process specific entries in /proc
 ..............................................................................
  File		Content
  clear_refs	Clears page referenced bits shown in smaps output
@@ -134,46 +135,103 @@ Table 1-1: Process specific entries in /proc
  status		Process status in human readable form
  wchan		If CONFIG_KALLSYMS is set, a pre-decoded wchan
  stack		Report full stack trace, enable via CONFIG_STACKTRACE
- smaps		Extension based on maps, the rss size for each mapped file
+ smaps		a extension based on maps, showing the memory consumption of
+		each mapping
 ..............................................................................
 
 For example, to get the status information of a process, all you have to do is
 read the file /proc/PID/status:
 
-  >cat /proc/self/status 
+  >cat /proc/self/status
-  Name:   cat 
+  Name:   cat
-  State:  R (running) 
+  State:  R (running)
-  Pid:    5452 
+  Tgid:   5452
-  PPid:   743 
+  Pid:    5452
+  PPid:   743
   TracerPid:      0						(2.4)
-  Uid:    501     501     501     501 
+  Uid:    501     501     501     501
-  Gid:    100     100     100     100 
+  Gid:    100     100     100     100
-  Groups: 100 14 16 
+  FDSize: 256
-  VmSize:     1112 kB 
+  Groups: 100 14 16
-  VmLck:         0 kB 
+  VmPeak:     5004 kB
-  VmRSS:       348 kB 
+  VmSize:     5004 kB
-  VmData:       24 kB 
+  VmLck:         0 kB
-  VmStk:        12 kB 
+  VmHWM:       476 kB
-  VmExe:         8 kB 
+  VmRSS:       476 kB
-  VmLib:      1044 kB 
+  VmData:      156 kB
-  SigPnd: 0000000000000000 
+  VmStk:        88 kB
-  SigBlk: 0000000000000000 
+  VmExe:        68 kB
-  SigIgn: 0000000000000000 
+  VmLib:      1412 kB
-  SigCgt: 0000000000000000 
+  VmPTE:        20 kb
-  CapInh: 00000000fffffeff 
+  Threads:        1
-  CapPrm: 0000000000000000 
+  SigQ:   0/28578
-  CapEff: 0000000000000000 
+  SigPnd: 0000000000000000
-
+  ShdPnd: 0000000000000000
+  SigBlk: 0000000000000000
+  SigIgn: 0000000000000000
+  SigCgt: 0000000000000000
+  CapInh: 00000000fffffeff
+  CapPrm: 0000000000000000
+  CapEff: 0000000000000000
+  CapBnd: ffffffffffffffff
+  voluntary_ctxt_switches:        0
+  nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches:     1
 
 This shows you nearly the same information you would get if you viewed it with
 the ps  command.  In  fact,  ps  uses  the  proc  file  system  to  obtain its
-information. The  statm  file  contains  more  detailed  information about the
+information.  But you get a more detailed  view of the  process by reading the
-process memory usage. Its seven fields are explained in Table 1-2.  The stat
+file /proc/PID/status. It fields are described in table 1-2.
-file contains details information about the process itself.  Its fields are
-explained in Table 1-3.
 
+The  statm  file  contains  more  detailed  information about the process
+memory usage. Its seven fields are explained in Table 1-3.  The stat file
+contains details information about the process itself.  Its fields are
+explained in Table 1-4.
 
-Table 1-2: Contents of the statm files (as of 2.6.8-rc3)
+Table 1-2: Contents of the statm files (as of 2.6.30-rc7)
+..............................................................................
+ Field                       Content
+ Name                        filename of the executable
+ State                       state (R is running, S is sleeping, D is sleeping
+                             in an uninterruptible wait, Z is zombie,
+			     T is traced or stopped)
+ Tgid                        thread group ID
+ Pid                         process id
+ PPid                        process id of the parent process
+ TracerPid                   PID of process tracing this process (0 if not)
+ Uid                         Real, effective, saved set, and  file system UIDs
+ Gid                         Real, effective, saved set, and  file system GIDs
+ FDSize                      number of file descriptor slots currently allocated
+ Groups                      supplementary group list
+ VmPeak                      peak virtual memory size
+ VmSize                      total program size
+ VmLck                       locked memory size
+ VmHWM                       peak resident set size ("high water mark")
+ VmRSS                       size of memory portions
+ VmData                      size of data, stack, and text segments
+ VmStk                       size of data, stack, and text segments
+ VmExe                       size of text segment
+ VmLib                       size of shared library code
+ VmPTE                       size of page table entries
+ Threads                     number of threads
+ SigQ                        number of signals queued/max. number for queue
+ SigPnd                      bitmap of pending signals for the thread
+ ShdPnd                      bitmap of shared pending signals for the process
+ SigBlk                      bitmap of blocked signals
+ SigIgn                      bitmap of ignored signals
+ SigCgt                      bitmap of catched signals
+ CapInh                      bitmap of inheritable capabilities
+ CapPrm                      bitmap of permitted capabilities
+ CapEff                      bitmap of effective capabilities
+ CapBnd                      bitmap of capabilities bounding set
+ Cpus_allowed                mask of CPUs on which this process may run
+ Cpus_allowed_list           Same as previous, but in "list format"
+ Mems_allowed                mask of memory nodes allowed to this process
+ Mems_allowed_list           Same as previous, but in "list format"
+ voluntary_ctxt_switches     number of voluntary context switches
+ nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches  number of non voluntary context switches
+..............................................................................
+
+Table 1-3: Contents of the statm files (as of 2.6.8-rc3)
 ..............................................................................
  Field    Content
  size     total program size (pages)		(same as VmSize in status)
@@ -188,7 +246,7 @@ Table 1-2: Contents of the statm files (as of 2.6.8-rc3)
 ..............................................................................
 
 
-Table 1-3: Contents of the stat files (as of 2.6.22-rc3)
+Table 1-4: Contents of the stat files (as of 2.6.30-rc7)
 ..............................................................................
  Field          Content
   pid           process id
@@ -222,10 +280,10 @@ Table 1-3: Contents of the stat files (as of 2.6.22-rc3)
   start_stack   address of the start of the stack
   esp           current value of ESP
   eip           current value of EIP
-  pending       bitmap of pending signals (obsolete)
+  pending       bitmap of pending signals
-  blocked       bitmap of blocked signals (obsolete)
+  blocked       bitmap of blocked signals
-  sigign        bitmap of ignored signals (obsolete)
+  sigign        bitmap of ignored signals
-  sigcatch      bitmap of catched signals (obsolete)
+  sigcatch      bitmap of catched signals
   wchan         address where process went to sleep
   0             (place holder)
   0             (place holder)
@@ -234,19 +292,99 @@ Table 1-3: Contents of the stat files (as of 2.6.22-rc3)
   rt_priority   realtime priority
   policy        scheduling policy (man sched_setscheduler)
   blkio_ticks   time spent waiting for block IO
+  gtime         guest time of the task in jiffies
+  cgtime        guest time of the task children in jiffies
 ..............................................................................
 
+The /proc/PID/map file containing the currently mapped memory regions and
+their access permissions.
+
+The format is:
+
+address           perms offset  dev   inode      pathname
+
+08048000-08049000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 8312       /opt/test
+08049000-0804a000 rw-p 00001000 03:00 8312       /opt/test
+0804a000-0806b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0          [heap]
+a7cb1000-a7cb2000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
+a7cb2000-a7eb2000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
+a7eb2000-a7eb3000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
+a7eb3000-a7ed5000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
+a7ed5000-a8008000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 4222       /lib/libc.so.6
+a8008000-a800a000 r--p 00133000 03:00 4222       /lib/libc.so.6
+a800a000-a800b000 rw-p 00135000 03:00 4222       /lib/libc.so.6
+a800b000-a800e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
+a800e000-a8022000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 14462      /lib/libpthread.so.0
+a8022000-a8023000 r--p 00013000 03:00 14462      /lib/libpthread.so.0
+a8023000-a8024000 rw-p 00014000 03:00 14462      /lib/libpthread.so.0
+a8024000-a8027000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
+a8027000-a8043000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 8317       /lib/ld-linux.so.2
+a8043000-a8044000 r--p 0001b000 03:00 8317       /lib/ld-linux.so.2
+a8044000-a8045000 rw-p 0001c000 03:00 8317       /lib/ld-linux.so.2
+aff35000-aff4a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0          [stack]
+ffffe000-fffff000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0          [vdso]
+
+where "address" is the address space in the process that it occupies, "perms"
+is a set of permissions:
+
+ r = read
+ w = write
+ x = execute
+ s = shared
+ p = private (copy on write)
+
+"offset" is the offset into the mapping, "dev" is the device (major:minor), and
+"inode" is the inode  on that device.  0 indicates that  no inode is associated
+with the memory region, as the case would be with BSS (uninitialized data).
+The "pathname" shows the name associated file for this mapping.  If the mapping
+is not associated with a file:
+
+ [heap]                   = the heap of the program
+ [stack]                  = the stack of the main process
+ [vdso]                   = the "virtual dynamic shared object",
+                            the kernel system call handler
+
+ or if empty, the mapping is anonymous.
+
+
+The /proc/PID/smaps is an extension based on maps, showing the memory
+consumption for each of the process's mappings. For each of mappings there
+is a series of lines such as the following:
+
+08048000-080bc000 r-xp 00000000 03:02 13130      /bin/bash
+Size:               1084 kB
+Rss:                 892 kB
+Pss:                 374 kB
+Shared_Clean:        892 kB
+Shared_Dirty:          0 kB
+Private_Clean:         0 kB
+Private_Dirty:         0 kB
+Referenced:          892 kB
+Swap:                  0 kB
+KernelPageSize:        4 kB
+MMUPageSize:           4 kB
+
+The first  of these lines shows  the same information  as is displayed for the
+mapping in /proc/PID/maps.  The remaining lines show  the size of the mapping,
+the amount of the mapping that is currently resident in RAM, the "proportional
+set size” (divide each shared page by the number of processes sharing it), the
+number of clean and dirty shared pages in the mapping, and the number of clean
+and dirty private pages in the mapping.  The "Referenced" indicates the amount
+of memory currently marked as referenced or accessed.
+
+This file is only present if the CONFIG_MMU kernel configuration option is
+enabled.
 
 1.2 Kernel data
 ---------------
 
 Similar to  the  process entries, the kernel data files give information about
 the running kernel. The files used to obtain this information are contained in
-/proc and  are  listed  in Table 1-4. Not all of these will be present in your
+/proc and  are  listed  in Table 1-5. Not all of these will be present in your
 system. It  depends  on the kernel configuration and the loaded modules, which
 files are there, and which are missing.
 
-Table 1-4: Kernel info in /proc
+Table 1-5: Kernel info in /proc
 ..............................................................................
  File        Content                                           
  apm         Advanced power management info                    
@@ -283,6 +421,7 @@ Table 1-4: Kernel info in /proc
  rtc         Real time clock                                   
  scsi        SCSI info (see text)                              
  slabinfo    Slab pool info                                    
+ softirqs    softirq usage
  stat        Overall statistics                                
  swaps       Swap space utilization                            
  sys         See chapter 2                                     
@@ -366,7 +505,7 @@ just those considered 'most important'.  The new vectors are:
   RES, CAL, TLB -- rescheduling, call and TLB flush interrupts are
   sent from one CPU to another per the needs of the OS.  Typically,
   their statistics are used by kernel developers and interested users to
-  determine the occurance of interrupt of the given type.
+  determine the occurrence of interrupts of the given type.
 
 The above IRQ vectors are displayed only when relevent.  For example,
 the threshold vector does not exist on x86_64 platforms.  Others are
@@ -551,7 +690,7 @@ Committed_AS: The amount of memory presently allocated on the system.
               memory once that memory has been successfully allocated.
 VmallocTotal: total size of vmalloc memory area
  VmallocUsed: amount of vmalloc area which is used
-VmallocChunk: largest contigious block of vmalloc area which is free
+VmallocChunk: largest contiguous block of vmalloc area which is free
 
 ..............................................................................
 
@@ -597,6 +736,25 @@ on the kind of area :
 0xffffffffa0017000-0xffffffffa0022000   45056 sys_init_module+0xc27/0x1d00 ...
    pages=10 vmalloc N0=10
 
+..............................................................................
+
+softirqs:
+
+Provides counts of softirq handlers serviced since boot time, for each cpu.
+
+> cat /proc/softirqs
+                CPU0       CPU1       CPU2       CPU3
+      HI:          0          0          0          0
+   TIMER:      27166      27120      27097      27034
+  NET_TX:          0          0          0         17
+  NET_RX:         42          0          0         39
+   BLOCK:          0          0        107       1121
+ TASKLET:          0          0          0        290
+   SCHED:      27035      26983      26971      26746
+ HRTIMER:          0          0          0          0
+     RCU:       1678       1769       2178       2250
+
+
 1.3 IDE devices in /proc/ide
 ----------------------------
 
@@ -614,10 +772,10 @@ IDE devices:
 
 More detailed  information  can  be  found  in  the  controller  specific
 subdirectories. These  are  named  ide0,  ide1  and  so  on.  Each  of  these
-directories contains the files shown in table 1-5.
+directories contains the files shown in table 1-6.
 
 
-Table 1-5: IDE controller info in  /proc/ide/ide?
+Table 1-6: IDE controller info in  /proc/ide/ide?
 ..............................................................................
  File    Content                                 
  channel IDE channel (0 or 1)                    
@@ -627,11 +785,11 @@ Table 1-5: IDE controller info in  /proc/ide/ide?
 ..............................................................................
 
 Each device  connected  to  a  controller  has  a separate subdirectory in the
-controllers directory.  The  files  listed in table 1-6 are contained in these
+controllers directory.  The  files  listed in table 1-7 are contained in these
 directories.
 
 
-Table 1-6: IDE device information
+Table 1-7: IDE device information
 ..............................................................................
  File             Content                                    
  cache            The cache                                  
@@ -673,12 +831,12 @@ the drive parameters:
 1.4 Networking info in /proc/net
 --------------------------------
 
-The subdirectory  /proc/net  follows  the  usual  pattern. Table 1-6 shows the
+The subdirectory  /proc/net  follows  the  usual  pattern. Table 1-8 shows the
 additional values  you  get  for  IP  version 6 if you configure the kernel to
-support this. Table 1-7 lists the files and their meaning.
+support this. Table 1-9 lists the files and their meaning.
 
 
-Table 1-6: IPv6 info in /proc/net 
+Table 1-8: IPv6 info in /proc/net
 ..............................................................................
  File       Content                                               
  udp6       UDP sockets (IPv6)                                    
@@ -693,7 +851,7 @@ Table 1-6: IPv6 info in /proc/net
 ..............................................................................
 
 
-Table 1-7: Network info in /proc/net 
+Table 1-9: Network info in /proc/net
 ..............................................................................
  File          Content                                                         
  arp           Kernel  ARP table                                               
@@ -817,10 +975,10 @@ The directory  /proc/parport  contains information about the parallel ports of
 your system.  It  has  one  subdirectory  for  each port, named after the port
 number (0,1,2,...).
 
-These directories contain the four files shown in Table 1-8.
+These directories contain the four files shown in Table 1-10.
 
 
-Table 1-8: Files in /proc/parport 
+Table 1-10: Files in /proc/parport
 ..............................................................................
  File      Content                                                             
  autoprobe Any IEEE-1284 device ID information that has been acquired.         
@@ -838,10 +996,10 @@ Table 1-8: Files in /proc/parport
 
 Information about  the  available  and actually used tty's can be found in the
 directory /proc/tty.You'll  find  entries  for drivers and line disciplines in
-this directory, as shown in Table 1-9.
+this directory, as shown in Table 1-11.
 
 
-Table 1-9: Files in /proc/tty 
+Table 1-11: Files in /proc/tty
 ..............................................................................
  File          Content                                        
  drivers       list of drivers and their usage                
@@ -883,6 +1041,7 @@ since the system first booted.  For a quick look, simply cat the file:
   processes 2915
   procs_running 1
   procs_blocked 0
+  softirq 183433 0 21755 12 39 1137 231 21459 2263
 
 The very first  "cpu" line aggregates the  numbers in all  of the other "cpuN"
 lines.  These numbers identify the amount of time the CPU has spent performing
@@ -918,6 +1077,11 @@ CPUs.
 The   "procs_blocked" line gives  the  number of  processes currently blocked,
 waiting for I/O to complete.
 
+The "softirq" line gives counts of softirqs serviced since boot time, for each
+of the possible system softirqs. The first column is the total of all
+softirqs serviced; each subsequent column is the total for that particular
+softirq.
+
 
 1.9 Ext4 file system parameters
 ------------------------------
@@ -926,9 +1090,9 @@ Information about mounted ext4 file systems can be found in
 /proc/fs/ext4.  Each mounted filesystem will have a directory in
 /proc/fs/ext4 based on its device name (i.e., /proc/fs/ext4/hdc or
 /proc/fs/ext4/dm-0).   The files in each per-device directory are shown
-in Table 1-10, below.
+in Table 1-12, below.
 
-Table 1-10: Files in /proc/fs/ext4/<devname>
+Table 1-12: Files in /proc/fs/ext4/<devname>
 ..............................................................................
  File            Content                                        
  mb_groups       details of multiblock allocator buddy cache of free blocks
@@ -1003,11 +1167,13 @@ CHAPTER 3: PER-PROCESS PARAMETERS
 3.1 /proc/<pid>/oom_adj - Adjust the oom-killer score
 ------------------------------------------------------
 
-This file can be used to adjust the score used to select which processes
+This file can be used to adjust the score used to select which processes should
-should be killed in an  out-of-memory  situation.  Giving it a high score will
+be killed in an out-of-memory situation.  The oom_adj value is a characteristic
-increase the likelihood of this process being killed by the oom-killer.  Valid
+of the task's mm, so all threads that share an mm with pid will have the same
-values are in the range -16 to +15, plus the special value -17, which disables
+oom_adj value.  A high value will increase the likelihood of this process being
-oom-killing altogether for this process.
+killed by the oom-killer.  Valid values are in the range -16 to +15 as
+explained below and a special value of -17, which disables oom-killing
+altogether for threads sharing pid's mm.
 
 The process to be killed in an out-of-memory situation is selected among all others
 based on its badness score. This value equals the original memory size of the process
@@ -1021,6 +1187,9 @@ the parent's score if they do not share the same memory. Thus forking servers
 are the prime candidates to be killed. Having only one 'hungry' child will make
 parent less preferable than the child.
 
+/proc/<pid>/oom_adj cannot be changed for kthreads since they are immune from
+oom-killing already.
+
 /proc/<pid>/oom_score shows process' current badness score.
 
 The following heuristics are then applied:

Documentation/filesystems/sysfs-pci.txt

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ The 'rom' file is special in that it provides read-only access to the device's
 ROM file, if available.  It's disabled by default, however, so applications
 should write the string "1" to the file to enable it before attempting a read
 call, and disable it following the access by writing "0" to the file.  Note
-that the device must be enabled for a rom read to return data succesfully.
+that the device must be enabled for a rom read to return data successfully.
 In the event a driver is not bound to the device, it can be enabled using the
 'enable' file, documented above.
 

Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt

@@ -124,14 +124,19 @@ sys_immutable -- If set, ATTR_SYS attribute on FAT is handled as
 flush         -- If set, the filesystem will try to flush to disk more
 		 early than normal. Not set by default.
 
-rodir	      -- FAT has the ATTR_RO (read-only) attribute. But on Windows,
+rodir	      -- FAT has the ATTR_RO (read-only) attribute. On Windows,
-		 the ATTR_RO of the directory will be just ignored actually,
+		 the ATTR_RO of the directory will just be ignored,
-		 and is used by only applications as flag. E.g. it's setted
+		 and is used only by applications as a flag (e.g. it's set
-		 for the customized folder.
+		 for the customized folder).
 
 		 If you want to use ATTR_RO as read-only flag even for
 		 the directory, set this option.
 
+errors=panic|continue|remount-ro
+	      -- specify FAT behavior on critical errors: panic, continue
+		 without doing anything or remount the partition in
+		 read-only mode (default behavior).
+
 <bool>: 0,1,yes,no,true,false
 
 TODO

Documentation/firmware_class/README

@@ -77,7 +77,8 @@
    seconds for the whole load operation.
 
  - request_firmware_nowait() is also provided for convenience in
-   non-user contexts.
+   user contexts to request firmware asynchronously, but can't be called
+   in atomic contexts.
 
 
  about in-kernel persistence:

Documentation/gcov.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+Using gcov with the Linux kernel
+================================
+
+1. Introduction
+2. Preparation
+3. Customization
+4. Files
+5. Modules
+6. Separated build and test machines
+7. Troubleshooting
+Appendix A: sample script: gather_on_build.sh
+Appendix B: sample script: gather_on_test.sh
+
+
+1. Introduction
+===============
+
+gcov profiling kernel support enables the use of GCC's coverage testing
+tool gcov [1] with the Linux kernel. Coverage data of a running kernel
+is exported in gcov-compatible format via the "gcov" debugfs directory.
+To get coverage data for a specific file, change to the kernel build
+directory and use gcov with the -o option as follows (requires root):
+
+# cd /tmp/linux-out
+# gcov -o /sys/kernel/debug/gcov/tmp/linux-out/kernel spinlock.c
+
+This will create source code files annotated with execution counts
+in the current directory. In addition, graphical gcov front-ends such
+as lcov [2] can be used to automate the process of collecting data
+for the entire kernel and provide coverage overviews in HTML format.
+
+Possible uses:
+
+* debugging (has this line been reached at all?)
+* test improvement (how do I change my test to cover these lines?)
+* minimizing kernel configurations (do I need this option if the
+  associated code is never run?)
+
+--
+
+[1] http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Gcov.html
+[2] http://ltp.sourceforge.net/coverage/lcov.php
+
+
+2. Preparation
+==============
+
+Configure the kernel with:
+
+        CONFIG_DEBUGFS=y
+        CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL=y
+
+and to get coverage data for the entire kernel:
+
+        CONFIG_GCOV_PROFILE_ALL=y
+
+Note that kernels compiled with profiling flags will be significantly
+larger and run slower. Also CONFIG_GCOV_PROFILE_ALL may not be supported
+on all architectures.
+
+Profiling data will only become accessible once debugfs has been
+mounted:
+
+        mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug
+
+
+3. Customization
+================
+
+To enable profiling for specific files or directories, add a line
+similar to the following to the respective kernel Makefile:
+
+        For a single file (e.g. main.o):
+                GCOV_PROFILE_main.o := y
+
+        For all files in one directory:
+                GCOV_PROFILE := y
+
+To exclude files from being profiled even when CONFIG_GCOV_PROFILE_ALL
+is specified, use:
+
+                GCOV_PROFILE_main.o := n
+        and:
+                GCOV_PROFILE := n
+
+Only files which are linked to the main kernel image or are compiled as
+kernel modules are supported by this mechanism.
+
+
+4. Files
+========
+
+The gcov kernel support creates the following files in debugfs:
+
+        /sys/kernel/debug/gcov
+                Parent directory for all gcov-related files.
+
+        /sys/kernel/debug/gcov/reset
+                Global reset file: resets all coverage data to zero when
+                written to.
+
+        /sys/kernel/debug/gcov/path/to/compile/dir/file.gcda
+                The actual gcov data file as understood by the gcov
+                tool. Resets file coverage data to zero when written to.
+
+        /sys/kernel/debug/gcov/path/to/compile/dir/file.gcno
+                Symbolic link to a static data file required by the gcov
+                tool. This file is generated by gcc when compiling with
+                option -ftest-coverage.
+
+
+5. Modules
+==========
+
+Kernel modules may contain cleanup code which is only run during
+module unload time. The gcov mechanism provides a means to collect
+coverage data for such code by keeping a copy of the data associated
+with the unloaded module. This data remains available through debugfs.
+Once the module is loaded again, the associated coverage counters are
+initialized with the data from its previous instantiation.
+
+This behavior can be deactivated by specifying the gcov_persist kernel
+parameter:
+
+        gcov_persist=0
+
+At run-time, a user can also choose to discard data for an unloaded
+module by writing to its data file or the global reset file.
+
+
+6. Separated build and test machines
+====================================
+
+The gcov kernel profiling infrastructure is designed to work out-of-the
+box for setups where kernels are built and run on the same machine. In
+cases where the kernel runs on a separate machine, special preparations
+must be made, depending on where the gcov tool is used:
+
+a) gcov is run on the TEST machine
+
+The gcov tool version on the test machine must be compatible with the
+gcc version used for kernel build. Also the following files need to be
+copied from build to test machine:
+
+from the source tree:
+  - all C source files + headers
+
+from the build tree:
+  - all C source files + headers
+  - all .gcda and .gcno files
+  - all links to directories
+
+It is important to note that these files need to be placed into the
+exact same file system location on the test machine as on the build
+machine. If any of the path components is symbolic link, the actual
+directory needs to be used instead (due to make's CURDIR handling).
+
+b) gcov is run on the BUILD machine
+
+The following files need to be copied after each test case from test
+to build machine:
+
+from the gcov directory in sysfs:
+  - all .gcda files
+  - all links to .gcno files
+
+These files can be copied to any location on the build machine. gcov
+must then be called with the -o option pointing to that directory.
+
+Example directory setup on the build machine:
+
+  /tmp/linux:    kernel source tree
+  /tmp/out:      kernel build directory as specified by make O=
+  /tmp/coverage: location of the files copied from the test machine
+
+  [user@build] cd /tmp/out
+  [user@build] gcov -o /tmp/coverage/tmp/out/init main.c
+
+
+7. Troubleshooting
+==================
+
+Problem:  Compilation aborts during linker step.
+Cause:    Profiling flags are specified for source files which are not
+          linked to the main kernel or which are linked by a custom
+          linker procedure.
+Solution: Exclude affected source files from profiling by specifying
+          GCOV_PROFILE := n or GCOV_PROFILE_basename.o := n in the
+          corresponding Makefile.
+
+
+Appendix A: gather_on_build.sh
+==============================
+
+Sample script to gather coverage meta files on the build machine
+(see 6a):
+
+#!/bin/bash
+
+KSRC=$1
+KOBJ=$2
+DEST=$3
+
+if [ -z "$KSRC" ] || [ -z "$KOBJ" ] || [ -z "$DEST" ]; then
+  echo "Usage: $0 <ksrc directory> <kobj directory> <output.tar.gz>" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+KSRC=$(cd $KSRC; printf "all:\n\t@echo \${CURDIR}\n" | make -f -)
+KOBJ=$(cd $KOBJ; printf "all:\n\t@echo \${CURDIR}\n" | make -f -)
+
+find $KSRC $KOBJ \( -name '*.gcno' -o -name '*.[ch]' -o -type l \) -a \
+                 -perm /u+r,g+r | tar cfz $DEST -P -T -
+
+if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
+  echo "$DEST successfully created, copy to test system and unpack with:"
+  echo "  tar xfz $DEST -P"
+else
+  echo "Could not create file $DEST"
+fi
+
+
+Appendix B: gather_on_test.sh
+=============================
+
+Sample script to gather coverage data files on the test machine
+(see 6b):
+
+#!/bin/bash
+
+DEST=$1
+GCDA=/sys/kernel/debug/gcov
+
+if [ -z "$DEST" ] ; then
+  echo "Usage: $0 <output.tar.gz>" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+find $GCDA -name '*.gcno' -o -name '*.gcda' | tar cfz $DEST -T -
+
+if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
+  echo "$DEST successfully created, copy to build system and unpack with:"
+  echo "  tar xfz $DEST"
+else
+  echo "Could not create file $DEST"
+fi

Documentation/gpio.txt

@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ debugfs interface, since it provides control over GPIO direction and
 value instead of just showing a gpio state summary.  Plus, it could be
 present on production systems without debugging support.
 
-Given approprate hardware documentation for the system, userspace could
+Given appropriate hardware documentation for the system, userspace could
 know for example that GPIO #23 controls the write protect line used to
 protect boot loader segments in flash memory.  System upgrade procedures
 may need to temporarily remove that protection, first importing a GPIO,

Documentation/hwmon/f71882fg

@@ -2,14 +2,18 @@ Kernel driver f71882fg
 ======================
 
 Supported chips:
-  * Fintek F71882FG and F71883FG
+  * Fintek F71858FG
-    Prefix: 'f71882fg'
+    Prefix: 'f71858fg'
     Addresses scanned: none, address read from Super I/O config space
     Datasheet: Available from the Fintek website
   * Fintek F71862FG and F71863FG
     Prefix: 'f71862fg'
     Addresses scanned: none, address read from Super I/O config space
     Datasheet: Available from the Fintek website
+  * Fintek F71882FG and F71883FG
+    Prefix: 'f71882fg'
+    Addresses scanned: none, address read from Super I/O config space
+    Datasheet: Available from the Fintek website
   * Fintek F8000
     Prefix: 'f8000'
     Addresses scanned: none, address read from Super I/O config space
@@ -66,13 +70,13 @@ printed when loading the driver.
 
 Three different fan control modes are supported; the mode number is written
 to the pwm#_enable file. Note that not all modes are supported on all
-chips, and some modes may only be available in RPM / PWM mode on the F8000.
+chips, and some modes may only be available in RPM / PWM mode.
 Writing an unsupported mode will result in an invalid parameter error.
 
 * 1: Manual mode
   You ask for a specific PWM duty cycle / DC voltage or a specific % of
   fan#_full_speed by writing to the pwm# file. This mode is only
-  available on the F8000 if the fan channel is in RPM mode.
+  available on the F71858FG / F8000 if the fan channel is in RPM mode.
 
 * 2: Normal auto mode
   You can define a number of temperature/fan speed trip points, which % the

Documentation/hwmon/ibmaem

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ henceforth as AEM.
 Supported systems:
   * Any recent IBM System X server with AEM support.
     This includes the x3350, x3550, x3650, x3655, x3755, x3850 M2,
-    x3950 M2, and certain HS2x/LS2x/QS2x blades.  The IPMI host interface
+    x3950 M2, and certain HC10/HS2x/LS2x/QS2x blades.  The IPMI host interface
     driver ("ipmi-si") needs to be loaded for this driver to do anything.
     Prefix: 'ibmaem'
     Datasheet: Not available

Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ are interpreted as 0! For more on how written strings are interpreted see the
 [0-*]	denotes any positive number starting from 0
 [1-*]	denotes any positive number starting from 1
 RO	read only value
+WO	write only value
 RW	read/write value
 
 Read/write values may be read-only for some chips, depending on the
@@ -295,6 +296,24 @@ temp[1-*]_label	Suggested temperature channel label.
 		user-space.
 		RO
 
+temp[1-*]_lowest
+		Historical minimum temperature
+		Unit: millidegree Celsius
+		RO
+
+temp[1-*]_highest
+		Historical maximum temperature
+		Unit: millidegree Celsius
+		RO
+
+temp[1-*]_reset_history
+		Reset temp_lowest and temp_highest
+		WO
+
+temp_reset_history
+		Reset temp_lowest and temp_highest for all sensors
+		WO
+
 Some chips measure temperature using external thermistors and an ADC, and
 report the temperature measurement as a voltage. Converting this voltage
 back to a temperature (or the other way around for limits) requires

Documentation/hwmon/tmp401

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+Kernel driver tmp401
+====================
+
+Supported chips:
+  * Texas Instruments TMP401
+    Prefix: 'tmp401'
+    Addresses scanned: I2C 0x4c
+    Datasheet: http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/tmp401.html
+  * Texas Instruments TMP411
+    Prefix: 'tmp411'
+    Addresses scanned: I2C 0x4c
+    Datasheet: http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/tmp411.html
+
+Authors:
+         Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
+	 Andre Prendel <andre.prendel@gmx.de>
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+This driver implements support for Texas Instruments TMP401 and
+TMP411 chips. These chips implements one remote and one local
+temperature sensor. Temperature is measured in degrees
+Celsius. Resolution of the remote sensor is 0.0625 degree. Local
+sensor resolution can be set to 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 or 0.0625 degree (not
+supported by the driver so far, so using the default resolution of 0.5
+degree).
+
+The driver provides the common sysfs-interface for temperatures (see
+/Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface under Temperatures).
+
+The TMP411 chip is compatible with TMP401. It provides some additional
+features.
+
+* Minimum and Maximum temperature measured since power-on, chip-reset
+
+  Exported via sysfs attributes tempX_lowest and tempX_highest.
+
+* Reset of historical minimum/maximum temperature measurements
+
+  Exported via sysfs attribute temp_reset_history. Writing 1 to this
+  file triggers a reset.

Documentation/hwmon/w83627ehf

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ Supported chips:
     Addresses scanned: ISA address retrieved from Super I/O registers
     Datasheet:
         http://www.nuvoton.com.tw/NR/rdonlyres/7885623D-A487-4CF9-A47F-30C5F73D6FE6/0/W83627DHG.pdf
+  * Winbond W83627DHG-P
+    Prefix: 'w83627dhg'
+    Addresses scanned: ISA address retrieved from Super I/O registers
+    Datasheet: not available
   * Winbond W83667HG
     Prefix: 'w83667hg'
     Addresses scanned: ISA address retrieved from Super I/O registers
@@ -28,8 +32,8 @@ Description
 -----------
 
 This driver implements support for the Winbond W83627EHF, W83627EHG,
-W83627DHG and W83667HG super I/O chips. We will refer to them collectively
+W83627DHG, W83627DHG-P and W83667HG super I/O chips. We will refer to them
-as Winbond chips.
+collectively as Winbond chips.
 
 The chips implement three temperature sensors, five fan rotation
 speed sensors, ten analog voltage sensors (only nine for the 627DHG), one
@@ -135,3 +139,6 @@ done in the driver for all register addresses.
 The DHG also supports PECI, where the DHG queries Intel CPU temperatures, and
 the ICH8 southbridge gets that data via PECI from the DHG, so that the
 southbridge drives the fans. And the DHG supports SST, a one-wire serial bus.
+
+The DHG-P has an additional automatic fan speed control mode named Smart Fan
+(TM) III+. This mode is not yet supported by the driver.

Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ocores

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ platform_device with the base address and interrupt number. The
 dev.platform_data of the device should also point to a struct
 ocores_i2c_platform_data (see linux/i2c-ocores.h) describing the
 distance between registers and the input clock speed.
+There is also a possibility to attach a list of i2c_board_info which
+the i2c-ocores driver will add to the bus upon creation.
 
 E.G. something like:
 
@@ -36,9 +38,24 @@ static struct resource ocores_resources[] = {
 	},
 };
 
+/* optional board info */
+struct i2c_board_info ocores_i2c_board_info[] = {
+	{
+		I2C_BOARD_INFO("tsc2003", 0x48),
+		.platform_data = &tsc2003_platform_data,
+		.irq = TSC_IRQ
+	},
+	{
+		I2C_BOARD_INFO("adv7180", 0x42 >> 1),
+		.irq = ADV_IRQ
+	}
+};
+
 static struct ocores_i2c_platform_data myi2c_data = {
 	.regstep	= 2,		/* two bytes between registers */
 	.clock_khz	= 50000,	/* input clock of 50MHz */
+	.devices	= ocores_i2c_board_info, /* optional table of devices */
+	.num_devices	= ARRAY_SIZE(ocores_i2c_board_info), /* table size */
 };
 
 static struct platform_device myi2c = {

Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-viapro

@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ Supported adapters:
   * VIA Technologies, Inc. VX800/VX820
     Datasheet: available on http://linux.via.com.tw
 
+  * VIA Technologies, Inc. VX855/VX875
+    Datasheet: Availability unknown
+
 Authors:
 	Kyösti Mälkki <kmalkki@cc.hut.fi>,
 	Mark D. Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com>,
@@ -53,6 +56,7 @@ Your lspci -n listing must show one of these :
  device 1106:3287   (VT8251)
  device 1106:8324   (CX700)
  device 1106:8353   (VX800/VX820)
+ device 1106:8409   (VX855/VX875)
 
 If none of these show up, you should look in the BIOS for settings like
 enable ACPI / SMBus or even USB.

Documentation/ide/ide.txt

@@ -216,6 +216,8 @@ Other kernel parameters for ide_core are:
 
 * "noflush=[interface_number.device_number]" to disable flush requests
 
+* "nohpa=[interface_number.device_number]" to disable Host Protected Area
+
 * "noprobe=[interface_number.device_number]" to skip probing
 
 * "nowerr=[interface_number.device_number]" to ignore the WRERR_STAT bit

Documentation/ioctl/ioctl-number.txt

@@ -149,6 +149,8 @@ Code	Seq#	Include File		Comments
 'p'	40-7F	linux/nvram.h
 'p'	80-9F				user-space parport
 					<mailto:tim@cyberelk.net>
+'p'	a1-a4	linux/pps.h		LinuxPPS
+					<mailto:giometti@linux.it>
 'q'	00-1F	linux/serio.h
 'q'	80-FF				Internet PhoneJACK, Internet LineJACK
 					<http://www.quicknet.net>

Documentation/isdn/00-INDEX

@@ -22,16 +22,11 @@ README.gigaset
 	- info on the drivers for Siemens Gigaset ISDN adapters.
 README.icn
 	- info on the ICN-ISDN-card and its driver.
+>>>>>>> 93af7aca44f0e82e67bda10a0fb73d383edcc8bd:Documentation/isdn/00-INDEX
 README.HiSax
 	- info on the HiSax driver which replaces the old teles.
-README.hfc-pci
+README.audio
-	- info on hfc-pci based cards.
+	- info for running audio over ISDN.
-README.pcbit
-	- info on the PCBIT-D ISDN adapter and driver.
-README.syncppp
-	- info on running Sync PPP over ISDN.
-syncPPP.FAQ
-	- frequently asked questions about running PPP over ISDN.
 README.avmb1
 	- info on driver for AVM-B1 ISDN card.
 README.act2000
@@ -42,10 +37,28 @@ README.concap
 	- info on "CONCAP" encapsulation protocol interface used for X.25.
 README.diversion
 	- info on module for isdn diversion services.
+README.fax
+	- info for using Fax over ISDN.
+README.gigaset
+	- info on the drivers for Siemens Gigaset ISDN adapters
+README.hfc-pci
+	- info on hfc-pci based cards.
+README.hysdn
+        - info on driver for Hypercope active HYSDN cards
+README.icn
+	- info on the ICN-ISDN-card and its driver.
+README.mISDN
+	- info on the Modular ISDN subsystem (mISDN)
+README.pcbit
+	- info on the PCBIT-D ISDN adapter and driver.
 README.sc
 	- info on driver for Spellcaster cards.
+README.syncppp
+	- info on running Sync PPP over ISDN.
 README.x25
 	- info for running X.25 over ISDN.
+syncPPP.FAQ
+	- frequently asked questions about running PPP over ISDN.
 README.hysdn
 	- info on driver for Hypercope active HYSDN cards
 README.mISDN

Documentation/isdn/INTERFACE.CAPI

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ From then on, Kernel CAPI may call the registered callback functions for the
 device.
 
 If the device becomes unusable for any reason (shutdown, disconnect ...), the
-driver has to call capi_ctr_reseted(). This will prevent further calls to the
+driver has to call capi_ctr_down(). This will prevent further calls to the
 callback functions by Kernel CAPI.
 
 
@@ -114,20 +114,36 @@ char *driver_name
 int (*load_firmware)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, capiloaddata *ldata)
 	(optional) pointer to a callback function for sending firmware and
 	configuration data to the device
+	Return value: 0 on success, error code on error
+	Called in process context.
 
 void (*reset_ctr)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
-	pointer to a callback function for performing a reset on the device,
+	(optional) pointer to a callback function for performing a reset on
-	releasing all registered applications
+	the device, releasing all registered applications
+	Called in process context.
 
 void (*register_appl)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, u16 applid,
 			capi_register_params *rparam)
 void (*release_appl)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, u16 applid)
 	pointers to callback functions for registration and deregistration of
 	applications with the device
+	Calls to these functions are serialized by Kernel CAPI so that only
+	one call to any of them is active at any time.
 
 u16  (*send_message)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, struct sk_buff *skb)
 	pointer to a callback function for sending a CAPI message to the
 	device
+	Return value: CAPI error code
+	If the method returns 0 (CAPI_NOERROR) the driver has taken ownership
+	of the skb and the caller may no longer access it. If it returns a
+	non-zero (error) value then ownership of the skb returns to the caller
+	who may reuse or free it.
+	The return value should only be used to signal problems with respect
+	to accepting or queueing the message. Errors occurring during the
+	actual processing of the message should be signaled with an
+	appropriate reply message.
+	Calls to this function are not serialized by Kernel CAPI, ie. it must
+	be prepared to be re-entered.
 
 char *(*procinfo)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
 	pointer to a callback function returning the entry for the device in
@@ -138,6 +154,8 @@ read_proc_t *ctr_read_proc
 	system entry, /proc/capi/controllers/<n>; will be called with a
 	pointer to the device's capi_ctr structure as the last (data) argument
 
+Note: Callback functions are never called in interrupt context.
+
 - to be filled in before calling capi_ctr_ready():
 
 u8 manu[CAPI_MANUFACTURER_LEN]
@@ -153,6 +171,45 @@ u8 serial[CAPI_SERIAL_LEN]
 	value to return for CAPI_GET_SERIAL
 
 
+4.3 The _cmsg Structure
+
+(declared in <linux/isdn/capiutil.h>)
+
+The _cmsg structure stores the contents of a CAPI 2.0 message in an easily
+accessible form. It contains members for all possible CAPI 2.0 parameters, of
+which only those appearing in the message type currently being processed are
+actually used. Unused members should be set to zero.
+
+Members are named after the CAPI 2.0 standard names of the parameters they
+represent. See <linux/isdn/capiutil.h> for the exact spelling. Member data
+types are:
+
+u8          for CAPI parameters of type 'byte'
+
+u16         for CAPI parameters of type 'word'
+
+u32         for CAPI parameters of type 'dword'
+
+_cstruct    for CAPI parameters of type 'struct' not containing any
+	    variably-sized (struct) subparameters (eg. 'Called Party Number')
+	    The member is a pointer to a buffer containing the parameter in
+	    CAPI encoding (length + content). It may also be NULL, which will
+	    be taken to represent an empty (zero length) parameter.
+
+_cmstruct   for CAPI parameters of type 'struct' containing 'struct'
+	    subparameters ('Additional Info' and 'B Protocol')
+	    The representation is a single byte containing one of the values:
+	    CAPI_DEFAULT: the parameter is empty
+	    CAPI_COMPOSE: the values of the subparameters are stored
+	    individually in the corresponding _cmsg structure members
+
+Functions capi_cmsg2message() and capi_message2cmsg() are provided to convert
+messages between their transport encoding described in the CAPI 2.0 standard
+and their _cmsg structure representation. Note that capi_cmsg2message() does
+not know or check the size of its destination buffer. The caller must make
+sure it is big enough to accomodate the resulting CAPI message.
+
+
 5. Lower Layer Interface Functions
 
 (declared in <linux/isdn/capilli.h>)
@@ -166,7 +223,7 @@ int detach_capi_ctr(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
 	register/unregister a device (controller) with Kernel CAPI
 
 void capi_ctr_ready(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
-void capi_ctr_reseted(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
+void capi_ctr_down(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
 	signal controller ready/not ready
 
 void capi_ctr_suspend_output(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
@@ -211,3 +268,32 @@ CAPIMSG_CONTROL(m)	CAPIMSG_SETCONTROL(m, contr)	Controller/PLCI/NCCI
 							(u32)
 CAPIMSG_DATALEN(m)	CAPIMSG_SETDATALEN(m, len)	Data Length (u16)
 
+
+Library functions for working with _cmsg structures
+(from <linux/isdn/capiutil.h>):
+
+unsigned capi_cmsg2message(_cmsg *cmsg, u8 *msg)
+	Assembles a CAPI 2.0 message from the parameters in *cmsg, storing the
+	result in *msg.
+
+unsigned capi_message2cmsg(_cmsg *cmsg, u8 *msg)
+	Disassembles the CAPI 2.0 message in *msg, storing the parameters in
+	*cmsg.
+
+unsigned capi_cmsg_header(_cmsg *cmsg, u16 ApplId, u8 Command, u8 Subcommand,
+			  u16 Messagenumber, u32 Controller)
+	Fills the header part and address field of the _cmsg structure *cmsg
+	with the given values, zeroing the remainder of the structure so only
+	parameters with non-default values need to be changed before sending
+	the message.
+
+void capi_cmsg_answer(_cmsg *cmsg)
+	Sets the low bit of the Subcommand field in *cmsg, thereby converting
+	_REQ to _CONF and _IND to _RESP.
+
+char *capi_cmd2str(u8 Command, u8 Subcommand)
+	Returns the CAPI 2.0 message name corresponding to the given command
+	and subcommand values, as a static ASCII string. The return value may
+	be NULL if the command/subcommand is not one of those defined in the
+	CAPI 2.0 standard.
+

Documentation/isdn/README.gigaset

@@ -149,10 +149,8 @@ GigaSet 307x Device Driver
      configuration files and chat scripts in the gigaset-VERSION/ppp directory
      in the driver packages from http://sourceforge.net/projects/gigaset307x/.
      Please note that the USB drivers are not able to change the state of the
-     control lines (the M105 driver can be configured to use some undocumented
+     control lines. This means you must use "Stupid Mode" if you are using
-     control requests, if you really need the control lines, though). This means
+     wvdial or you should use the nocrtscts option of pppd.
-     you must use "Stupid Mode" if you are using wvdial or you should use the
-     nocrtscts option of pppd.
      You must also assure that the ppp_async module is loaded with the parameter
      flag_time=0. You can do this e.g. by adding a line like
 
@@ -190,20 +188,19 @@ GigaSet 307x Device Driver
      You can also use /sys/class/tty/ttyGxy/cidmode for changing the CID mode
      setting (ttyGxy is ttyGU0 or ttyGB0).
 
-2.6. M105 Undocumented USB Requests
+2.6. Unregistered Wireless Devices (M101/M105)
-     ------------------------------
+     -----------------------------------------
-
+     The main purpose of the ser_gigaset and usb_gigaset drivers is to allow
-     The Gigaset M105 USB data box understands a couple of useful, but
+     the M101 and M105 wireless devices to be used as ISDN devices for ISDN
-     undocumented USB commands. These requests are not used in normal
+     connections through a Gigaset base. Therefore they assume that the device
-     operation (for wireless access to the base), but are needed for access
+     is registered to a DECT base.
-     to the M105's own configuration mode (registration to the base, baudrate
-     and line format settings, device status queries) via the gigacontr
-     utility. Their use is controlled by the kernel configuration option
-     "Support for undocumented USB requests" (CONFIG_GIGASET_UNDOCREQ). If you
-     encounter error code -ENOTTY when trying to use some features of the
-     M105, try setting that option to "y" via 'make {x,menu}config' and
-     recompiling the driver.
 
+     If the M101/M105 device is not registered to a base, initialization of
+     the device fails, and a corresponding error message is logged by the
+     driver. In that situation, a restricted set of functions is available
+     which includes, in particular, those necessary for registering the device
+     to a base or for switching it between Fixed Part and Portable Part
+     modes.
 
 3.   Troubleshooting
      ---------------
@@ -234,11 +231,12 @@ GigaSet 307x Device Driver
         Select Unimodem mode for all DECT data adapters. (see section 2.4.)
 
      Problem:
-        You want to configure your USB DECT data adapter (M105) but gigacontr
+	Messages like this:
-        reports an error: "/dev/ttyGU0: Inappropriate ioctl for device".
+	    usb_gigaset 3-2:1.0: Could not initialize the device.
+	appear in your syslog.
      Solution:
-        Recompile the usb_gigaset driver with the kernel configuration option
+	Check whether your M10x wireless device is correctly registered to the
-        CONFIG_GIGASET_UNDOCREQ set to 'y'. (see section 2.6.)
+	Gigaset base. (see section 2.6.)
 
 3.2. Telling the driver to provide more information
      ----------------------------------------------

Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt

@@ -35,6 +35,79 @@ new .config files to see the differences:
 
 (Yes, we need something better here.)
 
+______________________________________________________________________
+Environment variables for '*config'
+
+KCONFIG_CONFIG
+--------------------------------------------------
+This environment variable can be used to specify a default kernel config
+file name to override the default name of ".config".
+
+KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG
+--------------------------------------------------
+If you set KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG in the environment, Kconfig will not
+break symlinks when .config is a symlink to somewhere else.
+
+KCONFIG_NOTIMESTAMP
+--------------------------------------------------
+If this environment variable exists and is non-null, the timestamp line
+in generated .config files is omitted.
+
+______________________________________________________________________
+Environment variables for '{allyes/allmod/allno/rand}config'
+
+KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG
+--------------------------------------------------
+(partially based on lkml email from/by Rob Landley, re: miniconfig)
+--------------------------------------------------
+The allyesconfig/allmodconfig/allnoconfig/randconfig variants can
+also use the environment variable KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG as a flag or a
+filename that contains config symbols that the user requires to be
+set to a specific value.  If KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG is used without a
+filename, "make *config" checks for a file named
+"all{yes/mod/no/random}.config" (corresponding to the *config command
+that was used) for symbol values that are to be forced.  If this file
+is not found, it checks for a file named "all.config" to contain forced
+values.
+
+This enables you to create "miniature" config (miniconfig) or custom
+config files containing just the config symbols that you are interested
+in.  Then the kernel config system generates the full .config file,
+including symbols of your miniconfig file.
+
+This 'KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG' file is a config file which contains
+(usually a subset of all) preset config symbols.  These variable
+settings are still subject to normal dependency checks.
+
+Examples:
+	KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=custom-notebook.config make allnoconfig
+or
+	KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config make allnoconfig
+or
+	make KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config allnoconfig
+
+These examples will disable most options (allnoconfig) but enable or
+disable the options that are explicitly listed in the specified
+mini-config files.
+
+______________________________________________________________________
+Environment variables for 'silentoldconfig'
+
+KCONFIG_NOSILENTUPDATE
+--------------------------------------------------
+If this variable has a non-blank value, it prevents silent kernel
+config udpates (requires explicit updates).
+
+KCONFIG_AUTOCONFIG
+--------------------------------------------------
+This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
+"auto.conf" file.  Its default value is "include/config/auto.conf".
+
+KCONFIG_AUTOHEADER
+--------------------------------------------------
+This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
+"autoconf.h" (header) file.  Its default value is "include/linux/autoconf.h".
+
 
 ======================================================================
 menuconfig
@@ -60,10 +133,11 @@ Searching in menuconfig:
 
 		/^hotplug
 
-
 ______________________________________________________________________
-Color Themes for 'menuconfig'
+User interface options for 'menuconfig'
 
+MENUCONFIG_COLOR
+--------------------------------------------------
 It is possible to select different color themes using the variable
 MENUCONFIG_COLOR.  To select a theme use:
 
@@ -75,83 +149,13 @@ Available themes are:
   classic    => theme with blue background. The classic look
   bluetitle  => a LCD friendly version of classic. (default)
 
-______________________________________________________________________
-Environment variables in 'menuconfig'
-
-KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG
---------------------------------------------------
-(partially based on lkml email from/by Rob Landley, re: miniconfig)
---------------------------------------------------
-The allyesconfig/allmodconfig/allnoconfig/randconfig variants can
-also use the environment variable KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG as a flag or a
-filename that contains config symbols that the user requires to be
-set to a specific value.  If KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG is used without a
-filename, "make *config" checks for a file named
-"all{yes/mod/no/random}.config" (corresponding to the *config command
-that was used) for symbol values that are to be forced.  If this file
-is not found, it checks for a file named "all.config" to contain forced
-values.
-
-This enables you to create "miniature" config (miniconfig) or custom
-config files containing just the config symbols that you are interested
-in.  Then the kernel config system generates the full .config file,
-including dependencies of your miniconfig file, based on the miniconfig
-file.
-
-This 'KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG' file is a config file which contains
-(usually a subset of all) preset config symbols.  These variable
-settings are still subject to normal dependency checks.
-
-Examples:
-	KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=custom-notebook.config make allnoconfig
-or
-	KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config make allnoconfig
-or
-	make KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config allnoconfig
-
-These examples will disable most options (allnoconfig) but enable or
-disable the options that are explicitly listed in the specified
-mini-config files.
-
-KCONFIG_NOSILENTUPDATE
---------------------------------------------------
-If this variable has a non-blank value, it prevents silent kernel
-config udpates (requires explicit updates).
-
-KCONFIG_CONFIG
---------------------------------------------------
-This environment variable can be used to specify a default kernel config
-file name to override the default name of ".config".
-
-KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG
---------------------------------------------------
-If you set KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG in the environment, Kconfig will not
-break symlinks when .config is a symlink to somewhere else.
-
-KCONFIG_NOTIMESTAMP
---------------------------------------------------
-If this environment variable exists and is non-null, the timestamp line
-in generated .config files is omitted.
-
-KCONFIG_AUTOCONFIG
---------------------------------------------------
-This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
-"auto.conf" file.  Its default value is "include/config/auto.conf".
-
-KCONFIG_AUTOHEADER
---------------------------------------------------
-This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
-"autoconf.h" (header) file.  Its default value is "include/linux/autoconf.h".
-
-______________________________________________________________________
-menuconfig User Interface Options
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 MENUCONFIG_MODE
 --------------------------------------------------
 This mode shows all sub-menus in one large tree.
 
 Example:
-	MENUCONFIG_MODE=single_menu make menuconfig
+	make MENUCONFIG_MODE=single_menu menuconfig
+
 
 ======================================================================
 xconfig

Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt

@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ following files:
 
 		KERNELDIR := /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build
 		all::
-			$(MAKE) -C $KERNELDIR M=`pwd` $@
+			$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=`pwd` $@
 
 		# Module specific targets
 		genbin:

Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ There are two possible methods of using Kdump.
 
 2) Or use the system kernel binary itself as dump-capture kernel and there is
    no need to build a separate dump-capture kernel. This is possible
-   only with the architecutres which support a relocatable kernel. As
+   only with the architectures which support a relocatable kernel. As
    of today, i386, x86_64, ppc64 and ia64 architectures support relocatable
    kernel.
 
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ Dump-capture kernel config options (Arch Dependent, ia64)
 ----------------------------------------------------------
 
 - No specific options are required to create a dump-capture kernel
-  for ia64, other than those specified in the arch idependent section
+  for ia64, other than those specified in the arch independent section
   above. This means that it is possible to use the system kernel
   as a dump-capture kernel if desired.
 

Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ parameter is applicable:
 	EFI	EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
 	EIDE	EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
 	FB	The frame buffer device is enabled.
+	GCOV	GCOV profiling is enabled.
 	HW	Appropriate hardware is enabled.
 	IA-64	IA-64 architecture is enabled.
 	IMA     Integrity measurement architecture is enabled.
@@ -491,6 +492,13 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 			Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable
 			some critical bits.
 
+	cmo_free_hint=	[PPC] Format: { yes | no }
+			Specify whether pages are marked as being inactive
+			when they are freed.  This is used in CMO environments
+			to determine OS memory pressure for page stealing by
+			a hypervisor.
+			Default: yes
+
 	code_bytes	[X86] How many bytes of object code to print
 			in an oops report.
 			Range: 0 - 8192
@@ -539,6 +547,10 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 			console=brl,ttyS0
 		For now, only VisioBraille is supported.
 
+	consoleblank=	[KNL] The console blank (screen saver) timeout in
+			seconds. Defaults to 10*60 = 10mins. A value of 0
+			disables the blank timer.
+
 	coredump_filter=
 			[KNL] Change the default value for
 			/proc/<pid>/coredump_filter.
@@ -785,6 +797,12 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 			Format: off | on
 			default: on
 
+	gcov_persist=	[GCOV] When non-zero (default), profiling data for
+			kernel modules is saved and remains accessible via
+			debugfs, even when the module is unloaded/reloaded.
+			When zero, profiling data is discarded and associated
+			debugfs files are removed at module unload time.
+
 	gdth=		[HW,SCSI]
 			See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
 
@@ -887,11 +905,8 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 
 	ide-core.nodma=	[HW] (E)IDE subsystem
 			Format: =0.0 to prevent dma on hda, =0.1 hdb =1.0 hdc
-			.vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .noprobe .nowerr .cdrom
+			.vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .nohpa .noprobe .nowerr
-			.chs .ignore_cable are additional options
+			.cdrom .chs .ignore_cable are additional options
-			See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
-
-	idebus=		[HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
 			See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
 
 	ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
@@ -928,6 +943,12 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 			Formt: { "sha1" | "md5" }
 			default: "sha1"
 
+	ima_tcb		[IMA]
+			Load a policy which meets the needs of the Trusted
+			Computing Base.  This means IMA will measure all
+			programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files
+			opened for read by uid=0.
+
 	in2000=		[HW,SCSI]
 			See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
 
@@ -1070,13 +1091,17 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 
 	kgdboc=		[HW] kgdb over consoles.
 			Requires a tty driver that supports console polling.
-			(only serial suported for now)
+			(only serial supported for now)
 			Format: <serial_device>[,baud]
 
 	kmac=		[MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address.
 			Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip
 			Ethernet adapter MAC address.
 
+	kmemleak=	[KNL] Boot-time kmemleak enable/disable
+			Valid arguments: on, off
+			Default: on
+
 	kstack=N	[X86] Print N words from the kernel stack
 			in oops dumps.
 
@@ -1395,7 +1420,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 			('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
 
 	mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
-			used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continous chunk
+			used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continuous chunk
 			that could hold holes aka. UC entries.
 
 	mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86]

Documentation/kmemcheck.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,773 @@
+GETTING STARTED WITH KMEMCHECK
+==============================
+
+Vegard Nossum <vegardno@ifi.uio.no>
+
+
+Contents
+========
+0. Introduction
+1. Downloading
+2. Configuring and compiling
+3. How to use
+3.1. Booting
+3.2. Run-time enable/disable
+3.3. Debugging
+3.4. Annotating false positives
+4. Reporting errors
+5. Technical description
+
+
+0. Introduction
+===============
+
+kmemcheck is a debugging feature for the Linux Kernel. More specifically, it
+is a dynamic checker that detects and warns about some uses of uninitialized
+memory.
+
+Userspace programmers might be familiar with Valgrind's memcheck. The main
+difference between memcheck and kmemcheck is that memcheck works for userspace
+programs only, and kmemcheck works for the kernel only. The implementations
+are of course vastly different. Because of this, kmemcheck is not as accurate
+as memcheck, but it turns out to be good enough in practice to discover real
+programmer errors that the compiler is not able to find through static
+analysis.
+
+Enabling kmemcheck on a kernel will probably slow it down to the extent that
+the machine will not be usable for normal workloads such as e.g. an
+interactive desktop. kmemcheck will also cause the kernel to use about twice
+as much memory as normal. For this reason, kmemcheck is strictly a debugging
+feature.
+
+
+1. Downloading
+==============
+
+kmemcheck can only be downloaded using git. If you want to write patches
+against the current code, you should use the kmemcheck development branch of
+the tip tree. It is also possible to use the linux-next tree, which also
+includes the latest version of kmemcheck.
+
+Assuming that you've already cloned the linux-2.6.git repository, all you
+have to do is add the -tip tree as a remote, like this:
+
+	$ git remote add tip git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip.git
+
+To actually download the tree, fetch the remote:
+
+	$ git fetch tip
+
+And to check out a new local branch with the kmemcheck code:
+
+	$ git checkout -b kmemcheck tip/kmemcheck
+
+General instructions for the -tip tree can be found here:
+http://people.redhat.com/mingo/tip.git/readme.txt
+
+
+2. Configuring and compiling
+============================
+
+kmemcheck only works for the x86 (both 32- and 64-bit) platform. A number of
+configuration variables must have specific settings in order for the kmemcheck
+menu to even appear in "menuconfig". These are:
+
+  o CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE=n
+
+	This option is located under "General setup" / "Optimize for size".
+
+	Without this, gcc will use certain optimizations that usually lead to
+	false positive warnings from kmemcheck. An example of this is a 16-bit
+	field in a struct, where gcc may load 32 bits, then discard the upper
+	16 bits. kmemcheck sees only the 32-bit load, and may trigger a
+	warning for the upper 16 bits (if they're uninitialized).
+
+  o CONFIG_SLAB=y or CONFIG_SLUB=y
+
+	This option is located under "General setup" / "Choose SLAB
+	allocator".
+
+  o CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER=n
+
+	This option is located under "Kernel hacking" / "Tracers" / "Kernel
+	Function Tracer"
+
+	When function tracing is compiled in, gcc emits a call to another
+	function at the beginning of every function. This means that when the
+	page fault handler is called, the ftrace framework will be called
+	before kmemcheck has had a chance to handle the fault. If ftrace then
+	modifies memory that was tracked by kmemcheck, the result is an
+	endless recursive page fault.
+
+  o CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC=n
+
+	This option is located under "Kernel hacking" / "Debug page memory
+	allocations".
+
+In addition, I highly recommend turning on CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y. This is also
+located under "Kernel hacking". With this, you will be able to get line number
+information from the kmemcheck warnings, which is extremely valuable in
+debugging a problem. This option is not mandatory, however, because it slows
+down the compilation process and produces a much bigger kernel image.
+
+Now the kmemcheck menu should be visible (under "Kernel hacking" / "kmemcheck:
+trap use of uninitialized memory"). Here follows a description of the
+kmemcheck configuration variables:
+
+  o CONFIG_KMEMCHECK
+
+	This must be enabled in order to use kmemcheck at all...
+
+  o CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_[DISABLED | ENABLED | ONESHOT]_BY_DEFAULT
+
+	This option controls the status of kmemcheck at boot-time. "Enabled"
+	will enable kmemcheck right from the start, "disabled" will boot the
+	kernel as normal (but with the kmemcheck code compiled in, so it can
+	be enabled at run-time after the kernel has booted), and "one-shot" is
+	a special mode which will turn kmemcheck off automatically after
+	detecting the first use of uninitialized memory.
+
+	If you are using kmemcheck to actively debug a problem, then you
+	probably want to choose "enabled" here.
+
+	The one-shot mode is mostly useful in automated test setups because it
+	can prevent floods of warnings and increase the chances of the machine
+	surviving in case something is really wrong. In other cases, the one-
+	shot mode could actually be counter-productive because it would turn
+	itself off at the very first error -- in the case of a false positive
+	too -- and this would come in the way of debugging the specific
+	problem you were interested in.
+
+	If you would like to use your kernel as normal, but with a chance to
+	enable kmemcheck in case of some problem, it might be a good idea to
+	choose "disabled" here. When kmemcheck is disabled, most of the run-
+	time overhead is not incurred, and the kernel will be almost as fast
+	as normal.
+
+  o CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_QUEUE_SIZE
+
+	Select the maximum number of error reports to store in an internal
+	(fixed-size) buffer. Since errors can occur virtually anywhere and in
+	any context, we need a temporary storage area which is guaranteed not
+	to generate any other page faults when accessed. The queue will be
+	emptied as soon as a tasklet may be scheduled. If the queue is full,
+	new error reports will be lost.
+
+	The default value of 64 is probably fine. If some code produces more
+	than 64 errors within an irqs-off section, then the code is likely to
+	produce many, many more, too, and these additional reports seldom give
+	any more information (the first report is usually the most valuable
+	anyway).
+
+	This number might have to be adjusted if you are not using serial
+	console or similar to capture the kernel log. If you are using the
+	"dmesg" command to save the log, then getting a lot of kmemcheck
+	warnings might overflow the kernel log itself, and the earlier reports
+	will get lost in that way instead. Try setting this to 10 or so on
+	such a setup.
+
+  o CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_SHADOW_COPY_SHIFT
+
+	Select the number of shadow bytes to save along with each entry of the
+	error-report queue. These bytes indicate what parts of an allocation
+	are initialized, uninitialized, etc. and will be displayed when an
+	error is detected to help the debugging of a particular problem.
+
+	The number entered here is actually the logarithm of the number of
+	bytes that will be saved. So if you pick for example 5 here, kmemcheck
+	will save 2^5 = 32 bytes.
+
+	The default value should be fine for debugging most problems. It also
+	fits nicely within 80 columns.
+
+  o CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_PARTIAL_OK
+
+	This option (when enabled) works around certain GCC optimizations that
+	produce 32-bit reads from 16-bit variables where the upper 16 bits are
+	thrown away afterwards.
+
+	The default value (enabled) is recommended. This may of course hide
+	some real errors, but disabling it would probably produce a lot of
+	false positives.
+
+  o CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_BITOPS_OK
+
+	This option silences warnings that would be generated for bit-field
+	accesses where not all the bits are initialized at the same time. This
+	may also hide some real bugs.
+
+	This option is probably obsolete, or it should be replaced with
+	the kmemcheck-/bitfield-annotations for the code in question. The
+	default value is therefore fine.
+
+Now compile the kernel as usual.
+
+
+3. How to use
+=============
+
+3.1. Booting
+============
+
+First some information about the command-line options. There is only one
+option specific to kmemcheck, and this is called "kmemcheck". It can be used
+to override the default mode as chosen by the CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_*_BY_DEFAULT
+option. Its possible settings are:
+
+  o kmemcheck=0 (disabled)
+  o kmemcheck=1 (enabled)
+  o kmemcheck=2 (one-shot mode)
+
+If SLUB debugging has been enabled in the kernel, it may take precedence over
+kmemcheck in such a way that the slab caches which are under SLUB debugging
+will not be tracked by kmemcheck. In order to ensure that this doesn't happen
+(even though it shouldn't by default), use SLUB's boot option "slub_debug",
+like this: slub_debug=-
+
+In fact, this option may also be used for fine-grained control over SLUB vs.
+kmemcheck. For example, if the command line includes "kmemcheck=1
+slub_debug=,dentry", then SLUB debugging will be used only for the "dentry"
+slab cache, and with kmemcheck tracking all the other caches. This is advanced
+usage, however, and is not generally recommended.
+
+
+3.2. Run-time enable/disable
+============================
+
+When the kernel has booted, it is possible to enable or disable kmemcheck at
+run-time. WARNING: This feature is still experimental and may cause false
+positive warnings to appear. Therefore, try not to use this. If you find that
+it doesn't work properly (e.g. you see an unreasonable amount of warnings), I
+will be happy to take bug reports.
+
+Use the file /proc/sys/kernel/kmemcheck for this purpose, e.g.:
+
+	$ echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/kmemcheck # disables kmemcheck
+
+The numbers are the same as for the kmemcheck= command-line option.
+
+
+3.3. Debugging
+==============
+
+A typical report will look something like this:
+
+WARNING: kmemcheck: Caught 32-bit read from uninitialized memory (ffff88003e4a2024)
+80000000000000000000000000000000000000000088ffff0000000000000000
+ i i i i u u u u i i i i i i i i u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
+         ^
+
+Pid: 1856, comm: ntpdate Not tainted 2.6.29-rc5 #264 945P-A
+RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8104ede8>]  [<ffffffff8104ede8>] __dequeue_signal+0xc8/0x190
+RSP: 0018:ffff88003cdf7d98  EFLAGS: 00210002
+RAX: 0000000000000030 RBX: ffff88003d4ea968 RCX: 0000000000000009
+RDX: ffff88003e5d6018 RSI: ffff88003e5d6024 RDI: ffff88003cdf7e84
+RBP: ffff88003cdf7db8 R08: ffff88003e5d6000 R09: 0000000000000000
+R10: 0000000000000080 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 000000000000000e
+R13: ffff88003cdf7e78 R14: ffff88003d530710 R15: ffff88003d5a98c8
+FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff880001982000(0063) knlGS:00000
+CS:  0010 DS: 002b ES: 002b CR0: 0000000080050033
+CR2: ffff88003f806ea0 CR3: 000000003c036000 CR4: 00000000000006a0
+DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
+DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff4ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
+ [<ffffffff8104f04e>] dequeue_signal+0x8e/0x170
+ [<ffffffff81050bd8>] get_signal_to_deliver+0x98/0x390
+ [<ffffffff8100b87d>] do_notify_resume+0xad/0x7d0
+ [<ffffffff8100c7b5>] int_signal+0x12/0x17
+ [<ffffffffffffffff>] 0xffffffffffffffff
+
+The single most valuable information in this report is the RIP (or EIP on 32-
+bit) value. This will help us pinpoint exactly which instruction that caused
+the warning.
+
+If your kernel was compiled with CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y, then all we have to do
+is give this address to the addr2line program, like this:
+
+	$ addr2line -e vmlinux -i ffffffff8104ede8
+	arch/x86/include/asm/string_64.h:12
+	include/asm-generic/siginfo.h:287
+	kernel/signal.c:380
+	kernel/signal.c:410
+
+The "-e vmlinux" tells addr2line which file to look in. IMPORTANT: This must
+be the vmlinux of the kernel that produced the warning in the first place! If
+not, the line number information will almost certainly be wrong.
+
+The "-i" tells addr2line to also print the line numbers of inlined functions.
+In this case, the flag was very important, because otherwise, it would only
+have printed the first line, which is just a call to memcpy(), which could be
+called from a thousand places in the kernel, and is therefore not very useful.
+These inlined functions would not show up in the stack trace above, simply
+because the kernel doesn't load the extra debugging information. This
+technique can of course be used with ordinary kernel oopses as well.
+
+In this case, it's the caller of memcpy() that is interesting, and it can be
+found in include/asm-generic/siginfo.h, line 287:
+
+281 static inline void copy_siginfo(struct siginfo *to, struct siginfo *from)
+282 {
+283         if (from->si_code < 0)
+284                 memcpy(to, from, sizeof(*to));
+285         else
+286                 /* _sigchld is currently the largest know union member */
+287                 memcpy(to, from, __ARCH_SI_PREAMBLE_SIZE + sizeof(from->_sifields._sigchld));
+288 }
+
+Since this was a read (kmemcheck usually warns about reads only, though it can
+warn about writes to unallocated or freed memory as well), it was probably the
+"from" argument which contained some uninitialized bytes. Following the chain
+of calls, we move upwards to see where "from" was allocated or initialized,
+kernel/signal.c, line 380:
+
+359 static void collect_signal(int sig, struct sigpending *list, siginfo_t *info)
+360 {
+...
+367         list_for_each_entry(q, &list->list, list) {
+368                 if (q->info.si_signo == sig) {
+369                         if (first)
+370                                 goto still_pending;
+371                         first = q;
+...
+377         if (first) {
+378 still_pending:
+379                 list_del_init(&first->list);
+380                 copy_siginfo(info, &first->info);
+381                 __sigqueue_free(first);
+...
+392         }
+393 }
+
+Here, it is &first->info that is being passed on to copy_siginfo(). The
+variable "first" was found on a list -- passed in as the second argument to
+collect_signal(). We  continue our journey through the stack, to figure out
+where the item on "list" was allocated or initialized. We move to line 410:
+
+395 static int __dequeue_signal(struct sigpending *pending, sigset_t *mask,
+396                         siginfo_t *info)
+397 {
+...
+410                 collect_signal(sig, pending, info);
+...
+414 }
+
+Now we need to follow the "pending" pointer, since that is being passed on to
+collect_signal() as "list". At this point, we've run out of lines from the
+"addr2line" output. Not to worry, we just paste the next addresses from the
+kmemcheck stack dump, i.e.:
+
+ [<ffffffff8104f04e>] dequeue_signal+0x8e/0x170
+ [<ffffffff81050bd8>] get_signal_to_deliver+0x98/0x390
+ [<ffffffff8100b87d>] do_notify_resume+0xad/0x7d0
+ [<ffffffff8100c7b5>] int_signal+0x12/0x17
+
+	$ addr2line -e vmlinux -i ffffffff8104f04e ffffffff81050bd8 \
+		ffffffff8100b87d ffffffff8100c7b5
+	kernel/signal.c:446
+	kernel/signal.c:1806
+	arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:805
+	arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:871
+	arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S:694
+
+Remember that since these addresses were found on the stack and not as the
+RIP value, they actually point to the _next_ instruction (they are return
+addresses). This becomes obvious when we look at the code for line 446:
+
+422 int dequeue_signal(struct task_struct *tsk, sigset_t *mask, siginfo_t *info)
+423 {
+...
+431                 signr = __dequeue_signal(&tsk->signal->shared_pending,
+432                                          mask, info);
+433                 /*
+434                  * itimer signal ?
+435                  *
+436                  * itimers are process shared and we restart periodic
+437                  * itimers in the signal delivery path to prevent DoS
+438                  * attacks in the high resolution timer case. This is
+439                  * compliant with the old way of self restarting
+440                  * itimers, as the SIGALRM is a legacy signal and only
+441                  * queued once. Changing the restart behaviour to
+442                  * restart the timer in the signal dequeue path is
+443                  * reducing the timer noise on heavy loaded !highres
+444                  * systems too.
+445                  */
+446                 if (unlikely(signr == SIGALRM)) {
+...
+489 }
+
+So instead of looking at 446, we should be looking at 431, which is the line
+that executes just before 446. Here we see that what we are looking for is
+&tsk->signal->shared_pending.
+
+Our next task is now to figure out which function that puts items on this
+"shared_pending" list. A crude, but efficient tool, is git grep:
+
+	$ git grep -n 'shared_pending' kernel/
+	...
+	kernel/signal.c:828:    pending = group ? &t->signal->shared_pending : &t->pending;
+	kernel/signal.c:1339:   pending = group ? &t->signal->shared_pending : &t->pending;
+	...
+
+There were more results, but none of them were related to list operations,
+and these were the only assignments. We inspect the line numbers more closely
+and find that this is indeed where items are being added to the list:
+
+816 static int send_signal(int sig, struct siginfo *info, struct task_struct *t,
+817                         int group)
+818 {
+...
+828         pending = group ? &t->signal->shared_pending : &t->pending;
+...
+851         q = __sigqueue_alloc(t, GFP_ATOMIC, (sig < SIGRTMIN &&
+852                                              (is_si_special(info) ||
+853                                               info->si_code >= 0)));
+854         if (q) {
+855                 list_add_tail(&q->list, &pending->list);
+...
+890 }
+
+and:
+
+1309 int send_sigqueue(struct sigqueue *q, struct task_struct *t, int group)
+1310 {
+....
+1339         pending = group ? &t->signal->shared_pending : &t->pending;
+1340         list_add_tail(&q->list, &pending->list);
+....
+1347 }
+
+In the first case, the list element we are looking for, "q", is being returned
+from the function __sigqueue_alloc(), which looks like an allocation function.
+Let's take a look at it:
+
+187 static struct sigqueue *__sigqueue_alloc(struct task_struct *t, gfp_t flags,
+188                                          int override_rlimit)
+189 {
+190         struct sigqueue *q = NULL;
+191         struct user_struct *user;
+192 
+193         /*
+194          * We won't get problems with the target's UID changing under us
+195          * because changing it requires RCU be used, and if t != current, the
+196          * caller must be holding the RCU readlock (by way of a spinlock) and
+197          * we use RCU protection here
+198          */
+199         user = get_uid(__task_cred(t)->user);
+200         atomic_inc(&user->sigpending);
+201         if (override_rlimit ||
+202             atomic_read(&user->sigpending) <=
+203                         t->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_SIGPENDING].rlim_cur)
+204                 q = kmem_cache_alloc(sigqueue_cachep, flags);
+205         if (unlikely(q == NULL)) {
+206                 atomic_dec(&user->sigpending);
+207                 free_uid(user);
+208         } else {
+209                 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->list);
+210                 q->flags = 0;
+211                 q->user = user;
+212         }
+213 
+214         return q;
+215 }
+
+We see that this function initializes q->list, q->flags, and q->user. It seems
+that now is the time to look at the definition of "struct sigqueue", e.g.:
+
+14 struct sigqueue {
+15         struct list_head list;
+16         int flags;
+17         siginfo_t info;
+18         struct user_struct *user;
+19 };
+
+And, you might remember, it was a memcpy() on &first->info that caused the
+warning, so this makes perfect sense. It also seems reasonable to assume that
+it is the caller of __sigqueue_alloc() that has the responsibility of filling
+out (initializing) this member.
+
+But just which fields of the struct were uninitialized? Let's look at
+kmemcheck's report again:
+
+WARNING: kmemcheck: Caught 32-bit read from uninitialized memory (ffff88003e4a2024)
+80000000000000000000000000000000000000000088ffff0000000000000000
+ i i i i u u u u i i i i i i i i u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
+         ^
+
+These first two lines are the memory dump of the memory object itself, and the
+shadow bytemap, respectively. The memory object itself is in this case
+&first->info. Just beware that the start of this dump is NOT the start of the
+object itself! The position of the caret (^) corresponds with the address of
+the read (ffff88003e4a2024).
+
+The shadow bytemap dump legend is as follows:
+
+  i - initialized
+  u - uninitialized
+  a - unallocated (memory has been allocated by the slab layer, but has not
+      yet been handed off to anybody)
+  f - freed (memory has been allocated by the slab layer, but has been freed
+      by the previous owner)
+
+In order to figure out where (relative to the start of the object) the
+uninitialized memory was located, we have to look at the disassembly. For
+that, we'll need the RIP address again:
+
+RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8104ede8>]  [<ffffffff8104ede8>] __dequeue_signal+0xc8/0x190
+
+	$ objdump -d --no-show-raw-insn vmlinux | grep -C 8 ffffffff8104ede8:
+	ffffffff8104edc8:       mov    %r8,0x8(%r8)
+	ffffffff8104edcc:       test   %r10d,%r10d
+	ffffffff8104edcf:       js     ffffffff8104ee88 <__dequeue_signal+0x168>
+	ffffffff8104edd5:       mov    %rax,%rdx
+	ffffffff8104edd8:       mov    $0xc,%ecx
+	ffffffff8104eddd:       mov    %r13,%rdi
+	ffffffff8104ede0:       mov    $0x30,%eax
+	ffffffff8104ede5:       mov    %rdx,%rsi
+	ffffffff8104ede8:       rep movsl %ds:(%rsi),%es:(%rdi)
+	ffffffff8104edea:       test   $0x2,%al
+	ffffffff8104edec:       je     ffffffff8104edf0 <__dequeue_signal+0xd0>
+	ffffffff8104edee:       movsw  %ds:(%rsi),%es:(%rdi)
+	ffffffff8104edf0:       test   $0x1,%al
+	ffffffff8104edf2:       je     ffffffff8104edf5 <__dequeue_signal+0xd5>
+	ffffffff8104edf4:       movsb  %ds:(%rsi),%es:(%rdi)
+	ffffffff8104edf5:       mov    %r8,%rdi
+	ffffffff8104edf8:       callq  ffffffff8104de60 <__sigqueue_free>
+
+As expected, it's the "rep movsl" instruction from the memcpy() that causes
+the warning. We know about REP MOVSL that it uses the register RCX to count
+the number of remaining iterations. By taking a look at the register dump
+again (from the kmemcheck report), we can figure out how many bytes were left
+to copy:
+
+RAX: 0000000000000030 RBX: ffff88003d4ea968 RCX: 0000000000000009
+
+By looking at the disassembly, we also see that %ecx is being loaded with the
+value $0xc just before (ffffffff8104edd8), so we are very lucky. Keep in mind
+that this is the number of iterations, not bytes. And since this is a "long"
+operation, we need to multiply by 4 to get the number of bytes. So this means
+that the uninitialized value was encountered at 4 * (0xc - 0x9) = 12 bytes
+from the start of the object.
+
+We can now try to figure out which field of the "struct siginfo" that was not
+initialized. This is the beginning of the struct:
+
+40 typedef struct siginfo {
+41         int si_signo;
+42         int si_errno;
+43         int si_code;
+44                 
+45         union {
+..
+92         } _sifields;
+93 } siginfo_t;
+
+On 64-bit, the int is 4 bytes long, so it must the the union member that has
+not been initialized. We can verify this using gdb:
+
+	$ gdb vmlinux
+	...
+	(gdb) p &((struct siginfo *) 0)->_sifields
+	$1 = (union {...} *) 0x10
+
+Actually, it seems that the union member is located at offset 0x10 -- which
+means that gcc has inserted 4 bytes of padding between the members si_code
+and _sifields. We can now get a fuller picture of the memory dump:
+
+         _----------------------------=> si_code
+        /        _--------------------=> (padding)
+       |        /        _------------=> _sifields(._kill._pid)
+       |       |        /        _----=> _sifields(._kill._uid)
+       |       |       |        / 
+-------|-------|-------|-------|
+80000000000000000000000000000000000000000088ffff0000000000000000
+ i i i i u u u u i i i i i i i i u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
+
+This allows us to realize another important fact: si_code contains the value
+0x80. Remember that x86 is little endian, so the first 4 bytes "80000000" are
+really the number 0x00000080. With a bit of research, we find that this is
+actually the constant SI_KERNEL defined in include/asm-generic/siginfo.h:
+
+144 #define SI_KERNEL       0x80            /* sent by the kernel from somewhere     */
+
+This macro is used in exactly one place in the x86 kernel: In send_signal()
+in kernel/signal.c:
+
+816 static int send_signal(int sig, struct siginfo *info, struct task_struct *t,
+817                         int group)
+818 {
+...
+828         pending = group ? &t->signal->shared_pending : &t->pending;
+...
+851         q = __sigqueue_alloc(t, GFP_ATOMIC, (sig < SIGRTMIN &&
+852                                              (is_si_special(info) ||
+853                                               info->si_code >= 0)));
+854         if (q) {
+855                 list_add_tail(&q->list, &pending->list);
+856                 switch ((unsigned long) info) {
+...
+865                 case (unsigned long) SEND_SIG_PRIV:
+866                         q->info.si_signo = sig;
+867                         q->info.si_errno = 0;
+868                         q->info.si_code = SI_KERNEL;
+869                         q->info.si_pid = 0;
+870                         q->info.si_uid = 0;
+871                         break;
+...
+890 }
+
+Not only does this match with the .si_code member, it also matches the place
+we found earlier when looking for where siginfo_t objects are enqueued on the
+"shared_pending" list.
+
+So to sum up: It seems that it is the padding introduced by the compiler
+between two struct fields that is uninitialized, and this gets reported when
+we do a memcpy() on the struct. This means that we have identified a false
+positive warning.
+
+Normally, kmemcheck will not report uninitialized accesses in memcpy() calls
+when both the source and destination addresses are tracked. (Instead, we copy
+the shadow bytemap as well). In this case, the destination address clearly
+was not tracked. We can dig a little deeper into the stack trace from above:
+
+	arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:805
+	arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:871
+	arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S:694
+
+And we clearly see that the destination siginfo object is located on the
+stack:
+
+782 static void do_signal(struct pt_regs *regs)
+783 {
+784         struct k_sigaction ka;
+785         siginfo_t info;
+...
+804         signr = get_signal_to_deliver(&info, &ka, regs, NULL);
+...
+854 }
+
+And this &info is what eventually gets passed to copy_siginfo() as the
+destination argument.
+
+Now, even though we didn't find an actual error here, the example is still a
+good one, because it shows how one would go about to find out what the report
+was all about.
+
+
+3.4. Annotating false positives
+===============================
+
+There are a few different ways to make annotations in the source code that
+will keep kmemcheck from checking and reporting certain allocations. Here
+they are:
+
+  o __GFP_NOTRACK_FALSE_POSITIVE
+
+	This flag can be passed to kmalloc() or kmem_cache_alloc() (therefore
+	also to other functions that end up calling one of these) to indicate
+	that the allocation should not be tracked because it would lead to
+	a false positive report. This is a "big hammer" way of silencing
+	kmemcheck; after all, even if the false positive pertains to 
+	particular field in a struct, for example, we will now lose the
+	ability to find (real) errors in other parts of the same struct.
+
+	Example:
+
+	    /* No warnings will ever trigger on accessing any part of x */
+	    x = kmalloc(sizeof *x, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOTRACK_FALSE_POSITIVE);
+
+  o kmemcheck_bitfield_begin(name)/kmemcheck_bitfield_end(name) and
+	kmemcheck_annotate_bitfield(ptr, name)
+
+	The first two of these three macros can be used inside struct
+	definitions to signal, respectively, the beginning and end of a
+	bitfield. Additionally, this will assign the bitfield a name, which
+	is given as an argument to the macros.
+
+	Having used these markers, one can later use
+	kmemcheck_annotate_bitfield() at the point of allocation, to indicate
+	which parts of the allocation is part of a bitfield.
+
+	Example:
+
+	    struct foo {
+		int x;
+
+		kmemcheck_bitfield_begin(flags);
+		int flag_a:1;
+		int flag_b:1;
+		kmemcheck_bitfield_end(flags);
+
+		int y;
+	    };
+
+	    struct foo *x = kmalloc(sizeof *x);
+
+	    /* No warnings will trigger on accessing the bitfield of x */
+	    kmemcheck_annotate_bitfield(x, flags);
+
+	Note that kmemcheck_annotate_bitfield() can be used even before the
+	return value of kmalloc() is checked -- in other words, passing NULL
+	as the first argument is legal (and will do nothing).
+
+
+4. Reporting errors
+===================
+
+As we have seen, kmemcheck will produce false positive reports. Therefore, it
+is not very wise to blindly post kmemcheck warnings to mailing lists and
+maintainers. Instead, I encourage maintainers and developers to find errors
+in their own code. If you get a warning, you can try to work around it, try
+to figure out if it's a real error or not, or simply ignore it. Most
+developers know their own code and will quickly and efficiently determine the
+root cause of a kmemcheck report. This is therefore also the most efficient
+way to work with kmemcheck.
+
+That said, we (the kmemcheck maintainers) will always be on the lookout for
+false positives that we can annotate and silence. So whatever you find,
+please drop us a note privately! Kernel configs and steps to reproduce (if
+available) are of course a great help too.
+
+Happy hacking!
+
+
+5. Technical description
+========================
+
+kmemcheck works by marking memory pages non-present. This means that whenever
+somebody attempts to access the page, a page fault is generated. The page
+fault handler notices that the page was in fact only hidden, and so it calls
+on the kmemcheck code to make further investigations.
+
+When the investigations are completed, kmemcheck "shows" the page by marking
+it present (as it would be under normal circumstances). This way, the
+interrupted code can continue as usual.
+
+But after the instruction has been executed, we should hide the page again, so
+that we can catch the next access too! Now kmemcheck makes use of a debugging
+feature of the processor, namely single-stepping. When the processor has
+finished the one instruction that generated the memory access, a debug
+exception is raised. From here, we simply hide the page again and continue
+execution, this time with the single-stepping feature turned off.
+
+kmemcheck requires some assistance from the memory allocator in order to work.
+The memory allocator needs to
+
+  1. Tell kmemcheck about newly allocated pages and pages that are about to
+     be freed. This allows kmemcheck to set up and tear down the shadow memory
+     for the pages in question. The shadow memory stores the status of each
+     byte in the allocation proper, e.g. whether it is initialized or
+     uninitialized.
+
+  2. Tell kmemcheck which parts of memory should be marked uninitialized.
+     There are actually a few more states, such as "not yet allocated" and
+     "recently freed".
+
+If a slab cache is set up using the SLAB_NOTRACK flag, it will never return
+memory that can take page faults because of kmemcheck.
+
+If a slab cache is NOT set up using the SLAB_NOTRACK flag, callers can still
+request memory with the __GFP_NOTRACK or __GFP_NOTRACK_FALSE_POSITIVE flags.
+This does not prevent the page faults from occurring, however, but marks the
+object in question as being initialized so that no warnings will ever be
+produced for this object.
+
+Currently, the SLAB and SLUB allocators are supported by kmemcheck.

Documentation/kmemleak.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+Kernel Memory Leak Detector
+===========================
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+Kmemleak provides a way of detecting possible kernel memory leaks in a
+way similar to a tracing garbage collector
+(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collection_%28computer_science%29#Tracing_garbage_collectors),
+with the difference that the orphan objects are not freed but only
+reported via /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak. A similar method is used by the
+Valgrind tool (memcheck --leak-check) to detect the memory leaks in
+user-space applications.
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK in "Kernel hacking" has to be enabled. A kernel
+thread scans the memory every 10 minutes (by default) and prints any new
+unreferenced objects found. To trigger an intermediate scan and display
+all the possible memory leaks:
+
+  # mount -t debugfs nodev /sys/kernel/debug/
+  # cat /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak
+
+Note that the orphan objects are listed in the order they were allocated
+and one object at the beginning of the list may cause other subsequent
+objects to be reported as orphan.
+
+Memory scanning parameters can be modified at run-time by writing to the
+/sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak file. The following parameters are supported:
+
+  off		- disable kmemleak (irreversible)
+  stack=on	- enable the task stacks scanning
+  stack=off	- disable the tasks stacks scanning
+  scan=on	- start the automatic memory scanning thread
+  scan=off	- stop the automatic memory scanning thread
+  scan=<secs>	- set the automatic memory scanning period in seconds (0
+		  to disable it)
+
+Kmemleak can also be disabled at boot-time by passing "kmemleak=off" on
+the kernel command line.
+
+Basic Algorithm
+---------------
+
+The memory allocations via kmalloc, vmalloc, kmem_cache_alloc and
+friends are traced and the pointers, together with additional
+information like size and stack trace, are stored in a prio search tree.
+The corresponding freeing function calls are tracked and the pointers
+removed from the kmemleak data structures.
+
+An allocated block of memory is considered orphan if no pointer to its
+start address or to any location inside the block can be found by
+scanning the memory (including saved registers). This means that there
+might be no way for the kernel to pass the address of the allocated
+block to a freeing function and therefore the block is considered a
+memory leak.
+
+The scanning algorithm steps:
+
+  1. mark all objects as white (remaining white objects will later be
+     considered orphan)
+  2. scan the memory starting with the data section and stacks, checking
+     the values against the addresses stored in the prio search tree. If
+     a pointer to a white object is found, the object is added to the
+     gray list
+  3. scan the gray objects for matching addresses (some white objects
+     can become gray and added at the end of the gray list) until the
+     gray set is finished
+  4. the remaining white objects are considered orphan and reported via
+     /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak
+
+Some allocated memory blocks have pointers stored in the kernel's
+internal data structures and they cannot be detected as orphans. To
+avoid this, kmemleak can also store the number of values pointing to an
+address inside the block address range that need to be found so that the
+block is not considered a leak. One example is __vmalloc().
+
+Kmemleak API
+------------
+
+See the include/linux/kmemleak.h header for the functions prototype.
+
+kmemleak_init		 - initialize kmemleak
+kmemleak_alloc		 - notify of a memory block allocation
+kmemleak_free		 - notify of a memory block freeing
+kmemleak_not_leak	 - mark an object as not a leak
+kmemleak_ignore		 - do not scan or report an object as leak
+kmemleak_scan_area	 - add scan areas inside a memory block
+kmemleak_no_scan	 - do not scan a memory block
+kmemleak_erase		 - erase an old value in a pointer variable
+kmemleak_alloc_recursive - as kmemleak_alloc but checks the recursiveness
+kmemleak_free_recursive	 - as kmemleak_free but checks the recursiveness
+
+Dealing with false positives/negatives
+--------------------------------------
+
+The false negatives are real memory leaks (orphan objects) but not
+reported by kmemleak because values found during the memory scanning
+point to such objects. To reduce the number of false negatives, kmemleak
+provides the kmemleak_ignore, kmemleak_scan_area, kmemleak_no_scan and
+kmemleak_erase functions (see above). The task stacks also increase the
+amount of false negatives and their scanning is not enabled by default.
+
+The false positives are objects wrongly reported as being memory leaks
+(orphan). For objects known not to be leaks, kmemleak provides the
+kmemleak_not_leak function. The kmemleak_ignore could also be used if
+the memory block is known not to contain other pointers and it will no
+longer be scanned.
+
+Some of the reported leaks are only transient, especially on SMP
+systems, because of pointers temporarily stored in CPU registers or
+stacks. Kmemleak defines MSECS_MIN_AGE (defaulting to 1000) representing
+the minimum age of an object to be reported as a memory leak.
+
+Limitations and Drawbacks
+-------------------------
+
+The main drawback is the reduced performance of memory allocation and
+freeing. To avoid other penalties, the memory scanning is only performed
+when the /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak file is read. Anyway, this tool is
+intended for debugging purposes where the performance might not be the
+most important requirement.
+
+To keep the algorithm simple, kmemleak scans for values pointing to any
+address inside a block's address range. This may lead to an increased
+number of false negatives. However, it is likely that a real memory leak
+will eventually become visible.
+
+Another source of false negatives is the data stored in non-pointer
+values. In a future version, kmemleak could only scan the pointer
+members in the allocated structures. This feature would solve many of
+the false negative cases described above.
+
+The tool can report false positives. These are cases where an allocated
+block doesn't need to be freed (some cases in the init_call functions),
+the pointer is calculated by other methods than the usual container_of
+macro or the pointer is stored in a location not scanned by kmemleak.
+
+Page allocations and ioremap are not tracked. Only the ARM and x86
+architectures are currently supported.

Documentation/kobject.txt

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ kobject_name():
     const char *kobject_name(const struct kobject * kobj);
 
 There is a helper function to both initialize and add the kobject to the
-kernel at the same time, called supprisingly enough kobject_init_and_add():
+kernel at the same time, called surprisingly enough kobject_init_and_add():
 
     int kobject_init_and_add(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_type *ktype,
                              struct kobject *parent, const char *fmt, ...);

Documentation/kprobes.txt

@@ -507,9 +507,9 @@ http://www.linuxsymposium.org/2006/linuxsymposium_procv2.pdf (pages 101-115)
 Appendix A: The kprobes debugfs interface
 
 With recent kernels (> 2.6.20) the list of registered kprobes is visible
-under the /debug/kprobes/ directory (assuming debugfs is mounted at /debug).
+under the /sys/kernel/debug/kprobes/ directory (assuming debugfs is mounted at //sys/kernel/debug).
 
-/debug/kprobes/list: Lists all registered probes on the system
+/sys/kernel/debug/kprobes/list: Lists all registered probes on the system
 
 c015d71a  k  vfs_read+0x0
 c011a316  j  do_fork+0x0
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ virtual addresses that correspond to modules that've been unloaded),
 such probes are marked with [GONE]. If the probe is temporarily disabled,
 such probes are marked with [DISABLED].
 
-/debug/kprobes/enabled: Turn kprobes ON/OFF forcibly.
+/sys/kernel/debug/kprobes/enabled: Turn kprobes ON/OFF forcibly.
 
 Provides a knob to globally and forcibly turn registered kprobes ON or OFF.
 By default, all kprobes are enabled. By echoing "0" to this file, all

Documentation/laptops/acer-wmi.txt

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ NOTE: The Acer Aspire One is not supported hardware. It cannot work with
 acer-wmi until Acer fix their ACPI-WMI implementation on them, so has been
 blacklisted until that happens.
 
-Please see the website for the current list of known working hardare:
+Please see the website for the current list of known working hardware:
 
 http://code.google.com/p/aceracpi/wiki/SupportedHardware
 

Documentation/laptops/sony-laptop.txt

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ If your laptop model supports it, you will find sysfs files in the
 /sys/class/backlight/sony/
 directory. You will be able to query and set the current screen
 brightness:
-	brightness		get/set screen brightness (an iteger
+	brightness		get/set screen brightness (an integer
 				between 0 and 7)
 	actual_brightness	reading from this file will query the HW
 				to get real brightness value

Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt

@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ generate input device EV_KEY events.
 In addition to the EV_KEY events, thinkpad-acpi may also issue EV_SW
 events for switches:
 
-SW_RFKILL_ALL	T60 and later hardare rfkill rocker switch
+SW_RFKILL_ALL	T60 and later hardware rfkill rocker switch
 SW_TABLET_MODE	Tablet ThinkPads HKEY events 0x5009 and 0x500A
 
 Non hot-key ACPI HKEY event map:

Documentation/lguest/Makefile

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 # This creates the demonstration utility "lguest" which runs a Linux guest.
-CFLAGS:=-Wall -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -O3 -I../../include -I../../arch/x86/include -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE
+CFLAGS:=-m32 -Wall -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -O3 -I../../include -I../../arch/x86/include -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE
-LDLIBS:=-lz
 
 all: lguest
 

Documentation/lguest/lguest.txt

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ Running Lguest:
      "Paravirtualized guest support" = Y
         "Lguest guest support" = Y
      "High Memory Support" = off/4GB
-     "PAE (Physical Address Extension) Support" = N
      "Alignment value to which kernel should be aligned" = 0x100000
         (CONFIG_PARAVIRT=y, CONFIG_LGUEST_GUEST=y, CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G=n and
          CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN=0x100000)

Documentation/local_ops.txt

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ out of order wrt other memory writes by the owner CPU.
 
 It can be done by slightly modifying the standard atomic operations : only
 their UP variant must be kept. It typically means removing LOCK prefix (on
-i386 and x86_64) and any SMP sychronization barrier. If the architecture does
+i386 and x86_64) and any SMP synchronization barrier. If the architecture does
 not have a different behavior between SMP and UP, including asm-generic/local.h
 in your architecture's local.h is sufficient.
 

Documentation/memory-hotplug.txt

@@ -73,13 +73,13 @@ this phase is triggered automatically. ACPI can notify this event. If not,
 (see Section 4.).
 
 Logical Memory Hotplug phase is to change memory state into
-avaiable/unavailable for users. Amount of memory from user's view is
+available/unavailable for users. Amount of memory from user's view is
 changed by this phase. The kernel makes all memory in it as free pages
 when a memory range is available.
 
 In this document, this phase is described as online/offline.
 
-Logical Memory Hotplug phase is triggred by write of sysfs file by system
+Logical Memory Hotplug phase is triggered by write of sysfs file by system
 administrator. For the hot-add case, it must be executed after Physical Hotplug
 phase by hand.
 (However, if you writes udev's hotplug scripts for memory hotplug, these
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ MEMORY_CANCEL_ONLINE
   Generated if MEMORY_GOING_ONLINE fails.
 
 MEMORY_ONLINE
-  Generated when memory has succesfully brought online. The callback may
+  Generated when memory has successfully brought online. The callback may
   allocate pages from the new memory.
 
 MEMORY_GOING_OFFLINE
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ The third argument is passed by pointer of struct memory_notify.
 struct memory_notify {
        unsigned long start_pfn;
        unsigned long nr_pages;
-       int status_cahnge_nid;
+       int status_change_nid;
 }
 
 start_pfn is start_pfn of online/offline memory.

Documentation/mn10300/ABI.txt

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ registers and the stack. If the first argument is a 64-bit value, it will be
 passed in D0:D1. If the first argument is not a 64-bit value, but the second
 is, the second will be passed entirely on the stack and D1 will be unused.
 
-Arguments smaller than 32-bits are not coelesced within a register or a stack
+Arguments smaller than 32-bits are not coalesced within a register or a stack
 word. For example, two byte-sized arguments will always be passed in separate
 registers or word-sized stack slots.
 

Documentation/mtd/nand_ecc.txt

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ byte 255:  bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0   rp1 rp3 rp5 ... rp15
            cp5  cp5  cp5  cp5  cp4  cp4  cp4  cp4
 
 This figure represents a sector of 256 bytes.
-cp is my abbreviaton for column parity, rp for row parity.
+cp is my abbreviation for column parity, rp for row parity.
 
 Let's start to explain column parity.
 cp0 is the parity that belongs to all bit0, bit2, bit4, bit6.
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ Measuring this code again showed big gain. When executing the original
 linux code 1 million times, this took about 1 second on my system.
 (using time to measure the performance). After this iteration I was back
 to 0.075 sec. Actually I had to decide to start measuring over 10
-million interations in order not to loose too much accuracy. This one
+million iterations in order not to lose too much accuracy. This one
 definitely seemed to be the jackpot!
 
 There is a little bit more room for improvement though. There are three
@@ -571,8 +571,8 @@ loop; This eliminates 3 statements per loop. Of course after the loop we
 need to correct by adding:
     rp4 ^= rp4_6;
     rp6 ^= rp4_6
-Furthermore there are 4 sequential assingments to rp8. This can be
+Furthermore there are 4 sequential assignments to rp8. This can be
-encoded slightly more efficient by saving tmppar before those 4 lines
+encoded slightly more efficiently by saving tmppar before those 4 lines
 and later do rp8 = rp8 ^ tmppar ^ notrp8;
 (where notrp8 is the value of rp8 before those 4 lines).
 Again a use of the commutative property of xor.
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ Not a big change, but every penny counts :-)
 Analysis 7
 ==========
 
-Acutally this made things worse. Not very much, but I don't want to move
+Actually this made things worse. Not very much, but I don't want to move
 into the wrong direction. Maybe something to investigate later. Could
 have to do with caching again.
 
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ Analysis 8
 This makes things worse. Let's stick with attempt 6 and continue from there.
 Although it seems that the code within the loop cannot be optimised
 further there is still room to optimize the generation of the ecc codes.
-We can simply calcualate the total parity. If this is 0 then rp4 = rp5
+We can simply calculate the total parity. If this is 0 then rp4 = rp5
 etc. If the parity is 1, then rp4 = !rp5;
 But if rp4 = rp5 we do not need rp5 etc. We can just write the even bits
 in the result byte and then do something like

Documentation/networking/bonding.txt

@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ ad_select
 
 		- Any slave's 802.3ad association state changes
 
-		- The bond's adminstrative state changes to up
+		- The bond's administrative state changes to up
 
 	count or 2
 
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ fail_over_mac
 		When this policy is used in conjuction with the mii
 		monitor, devices which assert link up prior to being
 		able to actually transmit and receive are particularly
-		susecptible to loss of the gratuitous ARP, and an
+		susceptible to loss of the gratuitous ARP, and an
 		appropriate updelay setting may be required.
 
 	follow or 2
@@ -1794,7 +1794,7 @@ target to query.
 generally referred to as "trunk failover."  This is a feature of the
 switch that causes the link state of a particular switch port to be set
 down (or up) when the state of another switch port goes down (or up).
-It's purpose is to propogate link failures from logically "exterior" ports
+Its purpose is to propagate link failures from logically "exterior" ports
 to the logically "interior" ports that bonding is able to monitor via
 miimon.  Availability and configuration for trunk failover varies by
 switch, but this can be a viable alternative to the ARP monitor when using

Documentation/networking/can.txt

@@ -36,10 +36,15 @@ This file contains
     6.2 local loopback of sent frames
     6.3 CAN controller hardware filters
     6.4 The virtual CAN driver (vcan)
-    6.5 currently supported CAN hardware
+    6.5 The CAN network device driver interface
-    6.6 todo
+      6.5.1 Netlink interface to set/get devices properties
+      6.5.2 Setting the CAN bit-timing
+      6.5.3 Starting and stopping the CAN network device
+    6.6 supported CAN hardware
 
-  7 Credits
+  7 Socket CAN resources
+
+  8 Credits
 
 ============================================================================
 
@@ -234,6 +239,8 @@ solution for a couple of reasons:
   the user application using the common CAN filter mechanisms. Inside
   this filter definition the (interested) type of errors may be
   selected. The reception of error frames is disabled by default.
+  The format of the CAN error frame is briefly decribed in the Linux
+  header file "include/linux/can/error.h".
 
 4. How to use Socket CAN
 ------------------------
@@ -327,7 +334,7 @@ solution for a couple of reasons:
             return 1;
     }
 
-    /* paraniod check ... */
+    /* paranoid check ... */
     if (nbytes < sizeof(struct can_frame)) {
             fprintf(stderr, "read: incomplete CAN frame\n");
             return 1;
@@ -605,61 +612,213 @@ solution for a couple of reasons:
   removal of vcan network devices can be managed with the ip(8) tool:
 
   - Create a virtual CAN network interface:
-       ip link add type vcan
+       $ ip link add type vcan
 
   - Create a virtual CAN network interface with a specific name 'vcan42':
-       ip link add dev vcan42 type vcan
+       $ ip link add dev vcan42 type vcan
 
   - Remove a (virtual CAN) network interface 'vcan42':
-       ip link del vcan42
+       $ ip link del vcan42
 
-  The tool 'vcan' from the SocketCAN SVN repository on BerliOS is obsolete.
+  6.5 The CAN network device driver interface
 
-  Virtual CAN network device creation in older Kernels:
+  The CAN network device driver interface provides a generic interface
-  In Linux Kernel versions < 2.6.24 the vcan driver creates 4 vcan
+  to setup, configure and monitor CAN network devices. The user can then
-  netdevices at module load time by default. This value can be changed
+  configure the CAN device, like setting the bit-timing parameters, via
-  with the module parameter 'numdev'. E.g. 'modprobe vcan numdev=8'
+  the netlink interface using the program "ip" from the "IPROUTE2"
+  utility suite. The following chapter describes briefly how to use it.
+  Furthermore, the interface uses a common data structure and exports a
+  set of common functions, which all real CAN network device drivers
+  should use. Please have a look to the SJA1000 or MSCAN driver to
+  understand how to use them. The name of the module is can-dev.ko.
 
-  6.5 currently supported CAN hardware
+  6.5.1 Netlink interface to set/get devices properties
 
-  On the project website http://developer.berlios.de/projects/socketcan
+  The CAN device must be configured via netlink interface. The supported
-  there are different drivers available:
+  netlink message types are defined and briefly described in
+  "include/linux/can/netlink.h". CAN link support for the program "ip"
+  of the IPROUTE2 utility suite is avaiable and it can be used as shown
+  below:
 
-    vcan:    Virtual CAN interface driver (if no real hardware is available)
+  - Setting CAN device properties:
-    sja1000: Philips SJA1000 CAN controller (recommended)
-    i82527:  Intel i82527 CAN controller
-    mscan:   Motorola/Freescale CAN controller (e.g. inside SOC MPC5200)
-    ccan:    CCAN controller core (e.g. inside SOC h7202)
-    slcan:   For a bunch of CAN adaptors that are attached via a
-             serial line ASCII protocol (for serial / USB adaptors)
 
-  Additionally the different CAN adaptors (ISA/PCI/PCMCIA/USB/Parport)
+    $ ip link set can0 type can help
-  from PEAK Systemtechnik support the CAN netdevice driver model
+    Usage: ip link set DEVICE type can
-  since Linux driver v6.0: http://www.peak-system.com/linux/index.htm
+    	[ bitrate BITRATE [ sample-point SAMPLE-POINT] ] |
+    	[ tq TQ prop-seg PROP_SEG phase-seg1 PHASE-SEG1
+     	  phase-seg2 PHASE-SEG2 [ sjw SJW ] ]
 
-  Please check the Mailing Lists on the berlios OSS project website.
+    	[ loopback { on | off } ]
+    	[ listen-only { on | off } ]
+    	[ triple-sampling { on | off } ]
 
-  6.6 todo
+    	[ restart-ms TIME-MS ]
+    	[ restart ]
 
-  The configuration interface for CAN network drivers is still an open
+    	Where: BITRATE       := { 1..1000000 }
-  issue that has not been finalized in the socketcan project. Also the
+    	       SAMPLE-POINT  := { 0.000..0.999 }
-  idea of having a library module (candev.ko) that holds functions
+    	       TQ            := { NUMBER }
-  that are needed by all CAN netdevices is not ready to ship.
+    	       PROP-SEG      := { 1..8 }
-  Your contribution is welcome.
+    	       PHASE-SEG1    := { 1..8 }
+    	       PHASE-SEG2    := { 1..8 }
+    	       SJW           := { 1..4 }
+    	       RESTART-MS    := { 0 | NUMBER }
 
-7. Credits
+  - Display CAN device details and statistics:
+
+    $ ip -details -statistics link show can0
+    2: can0: <NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP,ECHO> mtu 16 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 10
+      link/can
+      can <TRIPLE-SAMPLING> state ERROR-ACTIVE restart-ms 100
+      bitrate 125000 sample_point 0.875
+      tq 125 prop-seg 6 phase-seg1 7 phase-seg2 2 sjw 1
+      sja1000: tseg1 1..16 tseg2 1..8 sjw 1..4 brp 1..64 brp-inc 1
+      clock 8000000
+      re-started bus-errors arbit-lost error-warn error-pass bus-off
+      41         17457      0          41         42         41
+      RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast
+      140859     17608    17457   0       0       0
+      TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns
+      861        112      0       41      0       0
+
+  More info to the above output:
+
+    "<TRIPLE-SAMPLING>"
+	Shows the list of selected CAN controller modes: LOOPBACK,
+	LISTEN-ONLY, or TRIPLE-SAMPLING.
+
+    "state ERROR-ACTIVE"
+	The current state of the CAN controller: "ERROR-ACTIVE",
+	"ERROR-WARNING", "ERROR-PASSIVE", "BUS-OFF" or "STOPPED"
+
+    "restart-ms 100"
+	Automatic restart delay time. If set to a non-zero value, a
+	restart of the CAN controller will be triggered automatically
+	in case of a bus-off condition after the specified delay time
+	in milliseconds. By default it's off.
+
+    "bitrate 125000 sample_point 0.875"
+	Shows the real bit-rate in bits/sec and the sample-point in the
+	range 0.000..0.999. If the calculation of bit-timing parameters
+	is enabled in the kernel (CONFIG_CAN_CALC_BITTIMING=y), the
+	bit-timing can be defined by setting the "bitrate" argument.
+	Optionally the "sample-point" can be specified. By default it's
+	0.000 assuming CIA-recommended sample-points.
+
+    "tq 125 prop-seg 6 phase-seg1 7 phase-seg2 2 sjw 1"
+	Shows the time quanta in ns, propagation segment, phase buffer
+	segment 1 and 2 and the synchronisation jump width in units of
+	tq. They allow to define the CAN bit-timing in a hardware
+	independent format as proposed by the Bosch CAN 2.0 spec (see
+	chapter 8 of http://www.semiconductors.bosch.de/pdf/can2spec.pdf).
+
+    "sja1000: tseg1 1..16 tseg2 1..8 sjw 1..4 brp 1..64 brp-inc 1
+     clock 8000000"
+	Shows the bit-timing constants of the CAN controller, here the
+	"sja1000". The minimum and maximum values of the time segment 1
+	and 2, the synchronisation jump width in units of tq, the
+	bitrate pre-scaler and the CAN system clock frequency in Hz.
+	These constants could be used for user-defined (non-standard)
+	bit-timing calculation algorithms in user-space.
+
+    "re-started bus-errors arbit-lost error-warn error-pass bus-off"
+	Shows the number of restarts, bus and arbitration lost errors,
+	and the state changes to the error-warning, error-passive and
+	bus-off state. RX overrun errors are listed in the "overrun"
+	field of the standard network statistics.
+
+  6.5.2 Setting the CAN bit-timing
+
+  The CAN bit-timing parameters can always be defined in a hardware
+  independent format as proposed in the Bosch CAN 2.0 specification
+  specifying the arguments "tq", "prop_seg", "phase_seg1", "phase_seg2"
+  and "sjw":
+
+    $ ip link set canX type can tq 125 prop-seg 6 \
+				phase-seg1 7 phase-seg2 2 sjw 1
+
+  If the kernel option CONFIG_CAN_CALC_BITTIMING is enabled, CIA
+  recommended CAN bit-timing parameters will be calculated if the bit-
+  rate is specified with the argument "bitrate":
+
+    $ ip link set canX type can bitrate 125000
+
+  Note that this works fine for the most common CAN controllers with
+  standard bit-rates but may *fail* for exotic bit-rates or CAN system
+  clock frequencies. Disabling CONFIG_CAN_CALC_BITTIMING saves some
+  space and allows user-space tools to solely determine and set the
+  bit-timing parameters. The CAN controller specific bit-timing
+  constants can be used for that purpose. They are listed by the
+  following command:
+
+    $ ip -details link show can0
+    ...
+      sja1000: clock 8000000 tseg1 1..16 tseg2 1..8 sjw 1..4 brp 1..64 brp-inc 1
+
+  6.5.3 Starting and stopping the CAN network device
+
+  A CAN network device is started or stopped as usual with the command
+  "ifconfig canX up/down" or "ip link set canX up/down". Be aware that
+  you *must* define proper bit-timing parameters for real CAN devices
+  before you can start it to avoid error-prone default settings:
+
+    $ ip link set canX up type can bitrate 125000
+
+  A device may enter the "bus-off" state if too much errors occurred on
+  the CAN bus. Then no more messages are received or sent. An automatic
+  bus-off recovery can be enabled by setting the "restart-ms" to a
+  non-zero value, e.g.:
+
+    $ ip link set canX type can restart-ms 100
+
+  Alternatively, the application may realize the "bus-off" condition
+  by monitoring CAN error frames and do a restart when appropriate with
+  the command:
+
+    $ ip link set canX type can restart
+
+  Note that a restart will also create a CAN error frame (see also
+  chapter 3.4).
+
+  6.6 Supported CAN hardware
+
+  Please check the "Kconfig" file in "drivers/net/can" to get an actual
+  list of the support CAN hardware. On the Socket CAN project website
+  (see chapter 7) there might be further drivers available, also for
+  older kernel versions.
+
+7. Socket CAN resources
+-----------------------
+
+  You can find further resources for Socket CAN like user space tools,
+  support for old kernel versions, more drivers, mailing lists, etc.
+  at the BerliOS OSS project website for Socket CAN:
+
+    http://developer.berlios.de/projects/socketcan
+
+  If you have questions, bug fixes, etc., don't hesitate to post them to
+  the Socketcan-Users mailing list. But please search the archives first.
+
+8. Credits
 ----------
 
-  Oliver Hartkopp (PF_CAN core, filters, drivers, bcm)
+  Oliver Hartkopp (PF_CAN core, filters, drivers, bcm, SJA1000 driver)
   Urs Thuermann (PF_CAN core, kernel integration, socket interfaces, raw, vcan)
   Jan Kizka (RT-SocketCAN core, Socket-API reconciliation)
-  Wolfgang Grandegger (RT-SocketCAN core & drivers, Raw Socket-API reviews)
+  Wolfgang Grandegger (RT-SocketCAN core & drivers, Raw Socket-API reviews,
+                       CAN device driver interface, MSCAN driver)
   Robert Schwebel (design reviews, PTXdist integration)
   Marc Kleine-Budde (design reviews, Kernel 2.6 cleanups, drivers)
   Benedikt Spranger (reviews)
   Thomas Gleixner (LKML reviews, coding style, posting hints)
-  Andrey Volkov (kernel subtree structure, ioctls, mscan driver)
+  Andrey Volkov (kernel subtree structure, ioctls, MSCAN driver)
   Matthias Brukner (first SJA1000 CAN netdevice implementation Q2/2003)
   Klaus Hitschler (PEAK driver integration)
   Uwe Koppe (CAN netdevices with PF_PACKET approach)
   Michael Schulze (driver layer loopback requirement, RT CAN drivers review)
+  Pavel Pisa (Bit-timing calculation)
+  Sascha Hauer (SJA1000 platform driver)
+  Sebastian Haas (SJA1000 EMS PCI driver)
+  Markus Plessing (SJA1000 EMS PCI driver)
+  Per Dalen (SJA1000 Kvaser PCI driver)
+  Sam Ravnborg (reviews, coding style, kbuild help)

Documentation/networking/dm9000.txt

@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ PHY Link state polling
 ----------------------
 
 The driver keeps track of the link state and informs the network core
-about link (carrier) availablilty. This is managed by several methods
+about link (carrier) availability. This is managed by several methods
 depending on the version of the chip and on which PHY is being used.
 
 For the internal PHY, the original (and currently default) method is

Documentation/networking/ieee802154.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+
+		Linux IEEE 802.15.4 implementation
+
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+The Linux-ZigBee project goal is to provide complete implementation
+of IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee / 6LoWPAN protocols. IEEE 802.15.4 is a stack
+of protocols for organizing Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks.
+
+Currently only IEEE 802.15.4 layer is implemented. We have choosen
+to use plain Berkeley socket API, the generic Linux networking stack
+to transfer IEEE 802.15.4 messages and a special protocol over genetlink
+for configuration/management
+
+
+Socket API
+==========
+
+int sd = socket(PF_IEEE802154, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
+.....
+
+The address family, socket addresses etc. are defined in the
+include/net/ieee802154/af_ieee802154.h header or in the special header
+in our userspace package (see either linux-zigbee sourceforge download page
+or git tree at git://linux-zigbee.git.sourceforge.net/gitroot/linux-zigbee).
+
+One can use SOCK_RAW for passing raw data towards device xmit function. YMMV.
+
+
+MLME - MAC Level Management
+============================
+
+Most of IEEE 802.15.4 MLME interfaces are directly mapped on netlink commands.
+See the include/net/ieee802154/nl802154.h header. Our userspace tools package
+(see above) provides CLI configuration utility for radio interfaces and simple
+coordinator for IEEE 802.15.4 networks as an example users of MLME protocol.
+
+
+Kernel side
+=============
+
+Like with WiFi, there are several types of devices implementing IEEE 802.15.4.
+1) 'HardMAC'. The MAC layer is implemented in the device itself, the device
+   exports MLME and data API.
+2) 'SoftMAC' or just radio. These types of devices are just radio transceivers
+   possibly with some kinds of acceleration like automatic CRC computation and
+   comparation, automagic ACK handling, address matching, etc.
+
+Those types of devices require different approach to be hooked into Linux kernel.
+
+
+HardMAC
+=======
+
+See the header include/net/ieee802154/netdevice.h. You have to implement Linux
+net_device, with .type = ARPHRD_IEEE802154. Data is exchanged with socket family
+code via plain sk_buffs. The control block of sk_buffs will contain additional
+info as described in the struct ieee802154_mac_cb.
+
+To hook the MLME interface you have to populate the ml_priv field of your
+net_device with a pointer to struct ieee802154_mlme_ops instance. All fields are
+required.
+
+We provide an example of simple HardMAC driver at drivers/ieee802154/fakehard.c
+
+
+SoftMAC
+=======
+
+We are going to provide intermediate layer impelementing IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
+in software. This is currently WIP.
+
+See header include/net/ieee802154/mac802154.h and several drivers in
+drivers/ieee802154/

Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt

@@ -168,7 +168,16 @@ tcp_dsack - BOOLEAN
 	Allows TCP to send "duplicate" SACKs.
 
 tcp_ecn - BOOLEAN
-	Enable Explicit Congestion Notification in TCP.
+	Enable Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) in TCP. ECN is only
+	used when both ends of the TCP flow support it. It is useful to
+	avoid losses due to congestion (when the bottleneck router supports
+	ECN).
+	Possible values are:
+		0 disable ECN
+		1 ECN enabled
+		2 Only server-side ECN enabled. If the other end does
+		  not support ECN, behavior is like with ECN disabled.
+	Default: 2
 
 tcp_fack - BOOLEAN
 	Enable FACK congestion avoidance and fast retransmission.
@@ -1048,6 +1057,13 @@ disable_ipv6 - BOOLEAN
 	address.
 	Default: FALSE (enable IPv6 operation)
 
+	When this value is changed from 1 to 0 (IPv6 is being enabled),
+	it will dynamically create a link-local address on the given
+	interface and start Duplicate Address Detection, if necessary.
+
+	When this value is changed from 0 to 1 (IPv6 is being disabled),
+	it will dynamically delete all address on the given interface.
+
 accept_dad - INTEGER
 	Whether to accept DAD (Duplicate Address Detection).
 	0: Disable DAD

Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt

@@ -33,3 +33,40 @@ disable
 
 		A reboot is required to enable IPv6.
 
+autoconf
+
+	Specifies whether to enable IPv6 address autoconfiguration
+	on all interfaces.  This might be used when one does not wish
+	for addresses to be automatically generated from prefixes
+	received in Router Advertisements.
+
+	The possible values and their effects are:
+
+	0
+		IPv6 address autoconfiguration is disabled on all interfaces.
+
+		Only the IPv6 loopback address (::1) and link-local addresses
+		will be added to interfaces.
+
+	1
+		IPv6 address autoconfiguration is enabled on all interfaces.
+
+		This is the default value.
+
+disable_ipv6
+
+	Specifies whether to disable IPv6 on all interfaces.
+	This might be used when no IPv6 addresses are desired.
+
+	The possible values and their effects are:
+
+	0
+		IPv6 is enabled on all interfaces.
+
+		This is the default value.
+
+	1
+		IPv6 is disabled on all interfaces.
+
+		No IPv6 addresses will be added to interfaces.
+

Documentation/networking/l2tp.txt

@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ Sample Userspace Code
         }
         return 0;
 
-Miscellanous
+Miscellaneous
 ============
 
 The PPPoL2TP driver was developed as part of the OpenL2TP project by

Documentation/networking/mac80211-injection.txt

@@ -12,38 +12,22 @@ following format:
 The radiotap format is discussed in
 ./Documentation/networking/radiotap-headers.txt.
 
-Despite 13 radiotap argument types are currently defined, most only make sense
+Despite many radiotap parameters being currently defined, most only make sense
 to appear on received packets.  The following information is parsed from the
 radiotap headers and used to control injection:
 
- * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE
-
-   rate in 500kbps units, automatic if invalid or not present
-
-
- * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_ANTENNA
-
-   antenna to use, automatic if not present
-
-
- * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_TX_POWER
-
-   transmit power in dBm, automatic if not present
-
-
  * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FLAGS
 
    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_FCS: FCS will be removed and recalculated
    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_WEP: frame will be encrypted if key available
    IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_FRAG: frame will be fragmented if longer than the
-			      current fragmentation threshold. Note that
+			      current fragmentation threshold.
-			      this flag is only reliable when software
+
-			      fragmentation is enabled)
 
 The injection code can also skip all other currently defined radiotap fields
 facilitating replay of captured radiotap headers directly.
 
-Here is an example valid radiotap header defining these three parameters
+Here is an example valid radiotap header defining some parameters
 
 	0x00, 0x00, // <-- radiotap version
 	0x0b, 0x00, // <- radiotap header length
@@ -72,8 +56,8 @@ interface), along the following lines:
 ...
 	r = pcap_inject(ppcap, u8aSendBuffer, nLength);
 
-You can also find sources for a complete inject test applet here:
+You can also find a link to a complete inject application here:
 
-http://penumbra.warmcat.com/_twk/tiki-index.php?page=packetspammer
+http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/packetspammer
 
 Andy Green <andy@warmcat.com>

Documentation/networking/netdevices.txt

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ dev->hard_start_xmit:
 	for this and return NETDEV_TX_LOCKED when the spin lock fails.
 	The locking there should also properly protect against 
 	set_multicast_list. Note that the use of NETIF_F_LLTX is deprecated.
-	Dont use it for new drivers.
+	Don't use it for new drivers.
 
 	Context: Process with BHs disabled or BH (timer),
 	         will be called with interrupts disabled by netconsole.

Documentation/networking/operstates.txt

@@ -38,9 +38,6 @@ ifinfomsg::if_flags & IFF_LOWER_UP:
 ifinfomsg::if_flags & IFF_DORMANT:
  Driver has signaled netif_dormant_on()
 
-These interface flags can also be queried without netlink using the
-SIOCGIFFLAGS ioctl.
-
 TLV IFLA_OPERSTATE
 
 contains RFC2863 state of the interface in numeric representation:

Documentation/networking/packet_mmap.txt

@@ -4,16 +4,18 @@
 
 This file documents the CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP option available with the PACKET
 socket interface on 2.4 and 2.6 kernels. This type of sockets is used for 
-capture network traffic with utilities like tcpdump or any other that uses 
+capture network traffic with utilities like tcpdump or any other that needs
-the libpcap library. 
+raw access to network interface.
-
-You can find the latest version of this document at
 
+You can find the latest version of this document at:
     http://pusa.uv.es/~ulisses/packet_mmap/
 
-Please send me your comments to
+Howto can be found at:
+    http://wiki.gnu-log.net (packet_mmap)
 
+Please send your comments to
     Ulisses Alonso Camaró <uaca@i.hate.spam.alumni.uv.es>
+    Johann Baudy <johann.baudy@gnu-log.net>
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 + Why use PACKET_MMAP
@@ -25,19 +27,24 @@ to capture each packet, it requires two if you want to get packet's
 timestamp (like libpcap always does).
 
 In the other hand PACKET_MMAP is very efficient. PACKET_MMAP provides a size 
-configurable circular buffer mapped in user space. This way reading packets just 
+configurable circular buffer mapped in user space that can be used to either
-needs to wait for them, most of the time there is no need to issue a single 
+send or receive packets. This way reading packets just needs to wait for them,
-system call. By using a shared buffer between the kernel and the user 
+most of the time there is no need to issue a single system call. Concerning
-also has the benefit of minimizing packet copies.
+transmission, multiple packets can be sent through one system call to get the
+highest bandwidth.
+By using a shared buffer between the kernel and the user also has the benefit
+of minimizing packet copies.
 
-It's fine to use PACKET_MMAP to improve the performance of the capture process, 
+It's fine to use PACKET_MMAP to improve the performance of the capture and
-but it isn't everything. At least, if you are capturing at high speeds (this 
+transmission process, but it isn't everything. At least, if you are capturing
-is relative to the cpu speed), you should check if the device driver of your 
+at high speeds (this is relative to the cpu speed), you should check if the
-network interface card supports some sort of interrupt load mitigation or 
+device driver of your network interface card supports some sort of interrupt
-(even better) if it supports NAPI, also make sure it is enabled.
+load mitigation or (even better) if it supports NAPI, also make sure it is
+enabled. For transmission, check the MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) used and
+supported by devices of your network.
 
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-+ How to use CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP
++ How to use CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP to improve capture process
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 From the user standpoint, you should use the higher level libpcap library, which
@@ -57,7 +64,7 @@ the low level details or want to improve libpcap by including PACKET_MMAP
 support.
 
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-+ How to use CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP directly
++ How to use CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP directly to improve capture process
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 From the system calls stand point, the use of PACKET_MMAP involves
@@ -66,6 +73,7 @@ the following process:
 
 [setup]     socket() -------> creation of the capture socket
             setsockopt() ---> allocation of the circular buffer (ring)
+                              option: PACKET_RX_RING
             mmap() ---------> mapping of the allocated buffer to the
                               user process
 
@@ -96,6 +104,65 @@ Next I will describe PACKET_MMAP settings and it's constraints,
 also the mapping of the circular buffer in the user process and 
 the use of this buffer.
 
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
++ How to use CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP directly to improve transmission process
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Transmission process is similar to capture as shown below.
+
+[setup]          socket() -------> creation of the transmission socket
+                 setsockopt() ---> allocation of the circular buffer (ring)
+                                   option: PACKET_TX_RING
+                 bind() ---------> bind transmission socket with a network interface
+                 mmap() ---------> mapping of the allocated buffer to the
+                                   user process
+
+[transmission]   poll() ---------> wait for free packets (optional)
+                 send() ---------> send all packets that are set as ready in
+                                   the ring
+                                   The flag MSG_DONTWAIT can be used to return
+                                   before end of transfer.
+
+[shutdown]  close() --------> destruction of the transmission socket and
+                              deallocation of all associated resources.
+
+Binding the socket to your network interface is mandatory (with zero copy) to
+know the header size of frames used in the circular buffer.
+
+As capture, each frame contains two parts:
+
+ --------------------
+| struct tpacket_hdr | Header. It contains the status of
+|                    | of this frame
+|--------------------|
+| data buffer        |
+.                    .  Data that will be sent over the network interface.
+.                    .
+ --------------------
+
+ bind() associates the socket to your network interface thanks to
+ sll_ifindex parameter of struct sockaddr_ll.
+
+ Initialization example:
+
+ struct sockaddr_ll my_addr;
+ struct ifreq s_ifr;
+ ...
+
+ strncpy (s_ifr.ifr_name, "eth0", sizeof(s_ifr.ifr_name));
+
+ /* get interface index of eth0 */
+ ioctl(this->socket, SIOCGIFINDEX, &s_ifr);
+
+ /* fill sockaddr_ll struct to prepare binding */
+ my_addr.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
+ my_addr.sll_protocol = ETH_P_ALL;
+ my_addr.sll_ifindex =  s_ifr.ifr_ifindex;
+
+ /* bind socket to eth0 */
+ bind(this->socket, (struct sockaddr *)&my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll));
+
+ A complete tutorial is available at: http://wiki.gnu-log.net/
+
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 + PACKET_MMAP settings
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -103,7 +170,10 @@ the use of this buffer.
 
 To setup PACKET_MMAP from user level code is done with a call like
 
+ - Capture process
      setsockopt(fd, SOL_PACKET, PACKET_RX_RING, (void *) &req, sizeof(req))
+ - Transmission process
+     setsockopt(fd, SOL_PACKET, PACKET_TX_RING, (void *) &req, sizeof(req))
 
 The most significant argument in the previous call is the req parameter, 
 this parameter must to have the following structure:
@@ -117,11 +187,11 @@ this parameter must to have the following structure:
     };
 
 This structure is defined in /usr/include/linux/if_packet.h and establishes a 
-circular buffer (ring) of unswappable memory mapped in the capture process. 
+circular buffer (ring) of unswappable memory.
 Being mapped in the capture process allows reading the captured frames and 
 related meta-information like timestamps without requiring a system call.
 
-Captured frames are grouped in blocks. Each block is a physically contiguous 
+Frames are grouped in blocks. Each block is a physically contiguous
 region of memory and holds tp_block_size/tp_frame_size frames. The total number 
 of blocks is tp_block_nr. Note that tp_frame_nr is a redundant parameter because
 
@@ -336,6 +406,7 @@ struct tpacket_hdr). If this field is 0 means that the frame is ready
 to be used for the kernel, If not, there is a frame the user can read 
 and the following flags apply:
 
++++ Capture process:
      from include/linux/if_packet.h
 
      #define TP_STATUS_COPY          2 
@@ -391,6 +462,37 @@ packets are in the ring:
 It doesn't incur in a race condition to first check the status value and 
 then poll for frames.
 
+
+++ Transmission process
+Those defines are also used for transmission:
+
+     #define TP_STATUS_AVAILABLE        0 // Frame is available
+     #define TP_STATUS_SEND_REQUEST     1 // Frame will be sent on next send()
+     #define TP_STATUS_SENDING          2 // Frame is currently in transmission
+     #define TP_STATUS_WRONG_FORMAT     4 // Frame format is not correct
+
+First, the kernel initializes all frames to TP_STATUS_AVAILABLE. To send a
+packet, the user fills a data buffer of an available frame, sets tp_len to
+current data buffer size and sets its status field to TP_STATUS_SEND_REQUEST.
+This can be done on multiple frames. Once the user is ready to transmit, it
+calls send(). Then all buffers with status equal to TP_STATUS_SEND_REQUEST are
+forwarded to the network device. The kernel updates each status of sent
+frames with TP_STATUS_SENDING until the end of transfer.
+At the end of each transfer, buffer status returns to TP_STATUS_AVAILABLE.
+
+    header->tp_len = in_i_size;
+    header->tp_status = TP_STATUS_SEND_REQUEST;
+    retval = send(this->socket, NULL, 0, 0);
+
+The user can also use poll() to check if a buffer is available:
+(status == TP_STATUS_SENDING)
+
+    struct pollfd pfd;
+    pfd.fd = fd;
+    pfd.revents = 0;
+    pfd.events = POLLOUT;
+    retval = poll(&pfd, 1, timeout);
+
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 + THANKS
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Documentation/networking/phonet.txt

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Phonet packets have a common header as follows:
 On Linux, the link-layer header includes the pn_media byte (see below).
 The next 7 bytes are part of the network-layer header.
 
-The device ID is split: the 6 higher-order bits consitute the device
+The device ID is split: the 6 higher-order bits constitute the device
 address, while the 2 lower-order bits are used for multiplexing, as are
 the 8-bit object identifiers. As such, Phonet can be considered as a
 network layer with 6 bits of address space and 10 bits for transport

Documentation/networking/regulatory.txt

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ added to this document when its support is enabled.
 Device drivers who provide their own built regulatory domain
 do not need a callback as the channels registered by them are
 the only ones that will be allowed and therefore *additional*
-cannels cannot be enabled.
+channels cannot be enabled.
 
 Example code - drivers hinting an alpha2:
 ------------------------------------------

Documentation/power/devices.txt

@@ -75,9 +75,6 @@ may need to apply in domain-specific ways to their devices:
 struct bus_type {
 	...
 	int  (*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
-	int  (*suspend_late)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
-
-	int  (*resume_early)(struct device *dev);
 	int  (*resume)(struct device *dev);
 };
 
@@ -226,20 +223,7 @@ The phases are seen by driver notifications issued in this order:
 
 	This call should handle parts of device suspend logic that require
 	sleeping.  It probably does work to quiesce the device which hasn't
-	been abstracted into class.suspend() or bus.suspend_late().
+	been abstracted into class.suspend().
-
-   3	bus.suspend_late(dev, message) is called with IRQs disabled, and
-	with only one CPU active.  Until the bus.resume_early() phase
-	completes (see later), IRQs are not enabled again.  This method
-	won't be exposed by all busses; for message based busses like USB,
-	I2C, or SPI, device interactions normally require IRQs.  This bus
-	call may be morphed into a driver call with bus-specific parameters.
-
-	This call might save low level hardware state that might otherwise
-	be lost in the upcoming low power state, and actually put the
-	device into a low power state ... so that in some cases the device
-	may stay partly usable until this late.  This "late" call may also
-	help when coping with hardware that behaves badly.
 
 The pm_message_t parameter is currently used to refine those semantics
 (described later).
@@ -351,19 +335,11 @@ devices processing each phase's calls before the next phase begins.
 
 The phases are seen by driver notifications issued in this order:
 
-   1	bus.resume_early(dev) is called with IRQs disabled, and with
+   1	bus.resume(dev) reverses the effects of bus.suspend().  This may
-   	only one CPU active.  As with bus.suspend_late(), this method
+	be morphed into a device driver call with bus-specific parameters;
-	won't be supported on busses that require IRQs in order to
+	implementations may sleep.
-	interact with devices.
 
-	This reverses the effects of bus.suspend_late().
+   2	class.resume(dev) is called for devices associated with a class
-
-   2	bus.resume(dev) is called next.  This may be morphed into a device
-   	driver call with bus-specific parameters; implementations may sleep.
-
-	This reverses the effects of bus.suspend().
-
-   3	class.resume(dev) is called for devices associated with a class
 	that has such a method.  Implementations may sleep.
 
 	This reverses the effects of class.suspend(), and would usually

Documentation/power/regulator/consumer.txt

@@ -178,5 +178,5 @@ Consumers can uregister interest by calling :-
 int regulator_unregister_notifier(struct regulator *regulator,
 				struct notifier_block *nb);
 
-Regulators use the kernel notifier framework to send event to thier interested
+Regulators use the kernel notifier framework to send event to their interested
 consumers.