cpufreq: ondemand: Change the calculation of target frequency

The ondemand governor calculates load in terms of frequency and
increases it only if load_freq is greater than up_threshold
multiplied by the current or average frequency.  This appears to
produce oscillations of frequency between min and max because,
for example, a relatively small load can easily saturate minimum
frequency and lead the CPU to the max.  Then, it will decrease
back to the min due to small load_freq.

Change the calculation method of load and target frequency on the
basis of the following two observations:

 - Load computation should not depend on the current or average
   measured frequency.  For example, absolute load of 80% at 100MHz
   is not necessarily equivalent to 8% at 1000MHz in the next
   sampling interval.

 - It should be possible to increase the target frequency to any
   value present in the frequency table proportional to the absolute
   load, rather than to the max only, so that:

   Target frequency = C * load

   where we take C = policy->cpuinfo.max_freq / 100.

Tested on Intel i7-3770 CPU @ 3.40GHz and on Quad core 1500MHz Krait.
Phoronix benchmark of Linux Kernel Compilation 3.1 test shows an
increase ~1.5% in performance. cpufreq_stats (time_in_state) shows
that middle frequencies are used more, with this patch.  Highest
and lowest frequencies were used less by ~9%.

[rjw: We have run multiple other tests on kernels with this
 change applied and in the vast majority of cases it turns out
 that the resulting performance improvement also leads to reduced
 consumption of energy.  The change is additionally justified by
 the overall simplification of the code in question.]

Signed-off-by: Stratos Karafotis <stratosk@semaphore.gr>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq_governor.c

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ void dbs_check_cpu(struct dbs_data *dbs_data, int cpu)
 
 	policy = cdbs->cur_policy;
 
-	/* Get Absolute Load (in terms of freq for ondemand gov) */
+	/* Get Absolute Load */
 	for_each_cpu(j, policy->cpus) {
 		struct cpu_dbs_common_info *j_cdbs;
 		u64 cur_wall_time, cur_idle_time;
@@ -104,14 +104,6 @@ void dbs_check_cpu(struct dbs_data *dbs_data, int cpu)
 
 		load = 100 * (wall_time - idle_time) / wall_time;
 
-		if (dbs_data->cdata->governor == GOV_ONDEMAND) {
-			int freq_avg = __cpufreq_driver_getavg(policy, j);
-			if (freq_avg <= 0)
-				freq_avg = policy->cur;
-
-			load *= freq_avg;
-		}
-
 		if (load > max_load)
 			max_load = load;
 	}

drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq_governor.h

@@ -169,7 +169,6 @@ struct od_dbs_tuners {
 	unsigned int sampling_rate;
 	unsigned int sampling_down_factor;
 	unsigned int up_threshold;
-	unsigned int adj_up_threshold;
 	unsigned int powersave_bias;
 	unsigned int io_is_busy;
 };

drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq_ondemand.c

@@ -29,11 +29,9 @@
 #include "cpufreq_governor.h"
 
 /* On-demand governor macros */
-#define DEF_FREQUENCY_DOWN_DIFFERENTIAL		(10)
 #define DEF_FREQUENCY_UP_THRESHOLD		(80)
 #define DEF_SAMPLING_DOWN_FACTOR		(1)
 #define MAX_SAMPLING_DOWN_FACTOR		(100000)
-#define MICRO_FREQUENCY_DOWN_DIFFERENTIAL	(3)
 #define MICRO_FREQUENCY_UP_THRESHOLD		(95)
 #define MICRO_FREQUENCY_MIN_SAMPLE_RATE		(10000)
 #define MIN_FREQUENCY_UP_THRESHOLD		(11)
@@ -161,14 +159,10 @@ static void dbs_freq_increase(struct cpufreq_policy *p, unsigned int freq)
 
 /*
  * Every sampling_rate, we check, if current idle time is less than 20%
- * (default), then we try to increase frequency. Every sampling_rate, we look
- * for the lowest frequency which can sustain the load while keeping idle time
- * over 30%. If such a frequency exist, we try to decrease to this frequency.
- *
- * Any frequency increase takes it to the maximum frequency. Frequency reduction
- * happens at minimum steps of 5% (default) of current frequency
+ * (default), then we try to increase frequency. Else, we adjust the frequency
+ * proportional to load.
  */
-static void od_check_cpu(int cpu, unsigned int load_freq)
+static void od_check_cpu(int cpu, unsigned int load)
 {
 	struct od_cpu_dbs_info_s *dbs_info = &per_cpu(od_cpu_dbs_info, cpu);
 	struct cpufreq_policy *policy = dbs_info->cdbs.cur_policy;
@@ -178,29 +172,17 @@ static void od_check_cpu(int cpu, unsigned int load_freq)
 	dbs_info->freq_lo = 0;
 
 	/* Check for frequency increase */
-	if (load_freq > od_tuners->up_threshold * policy->cur) {
+	if (load > od_tuners->up_threshold) {
 		/* If switching to max speed, apply sampling_down_factor */
 		if (policy->cur < policy->max)
 			dbs_info->rate_mult =
 				od_tuners->sampling_down_factor;
 		dbs_freq_increase(policy, policy->max);
 		return;
-	}
-
-	/* Check for frequency decrease */
-	/* if we cannot reduce the frequency anymore, break out early */
-	if (policy->cur == policy->min)
-		return;
-
-	/*
-	 * The optimal frequency is the frequency that is the lowest that can
-	 * support the current CPU usage without triggering the up policy. To be
-	 * safe, we focus 10 points under the threshold.
-	 */
-	if (load_freq < od_tuners->adj_up_threshold
-			* policy->cur) {
+	} else {
+		/* Calculate the next frequency proportional to load */
 		unsigned int freq_next;
-		freq_next = load_freq / od_tuners->adj_up_threshold;
+		freq_next = load * policy->cpuinfo.max_freq / 100;
 
 		/* No longer fully busy, reset rate_mult */
 		dbs_info->rate_mult = 1;
@@ -374,9 +356,6 @@ static ssize_t store_up_threshold(struct dbs_data *dbs_data, const char *buf,
 			input < MIN_FREQUENCY_UP_THRESHOLD) {
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
-	/* Calculate the new adj_up_threshold */
-	od_tuners->adj_up_threshold += input;
-	od_tuners->adj_up_threshold -= od_tuners->up_threshold;
 
 	od_tuners->up_threshold = input;
 	return count;
@@ -525,8 +504,6 @@ static int od_init(struct dbs_data *dbs_data)
 	if (idle_time != -1ULL) {
 		/* Idle micro accounting is supported. Use finer thresholds */
 		tuners->up_threshold = MICRO_FREQUENCY_UP_THRESHOLD;
-		tuners->adj_up_threshold = MICRO_FREQUENCY_UP_THRESHOLD -
-			MICRO_FREQUENCY_DOWN_DIFFERENTIAL;
 		/*
 		 * In nohz/micro accounting case we set the minimum frequency
 		 * not depending on HZ, but fixed (very low). The deferred
@@ -535,8 +512,6 @@ static int od_init(struct dbs_data *dbs_data)
 		dbs_data->min_sampling_rate = MICRO_FREQUENCY_MIN_SAMPLE_RATE;
 	} else {
 		tuners->up_threshold = DEF_FREQUENCY_UP_THRESHOLD;
-		tuners->adj_up_threshold = DEF_FREQUENCY_UP_THRESHOLD -
-			DEF_FREQUENCY_DOWN_DIFFERENTIAL;
 
 		/* For correct statistics, we need 10 ticks for each measure */
 		dbs_data->min_sampling_rate = MIN_SAMPLING_RATE_RATIO *