Merge branch 'doc/sp-update' into docs-next
Bring in the big SubmittingPatches thrashup. Conflicts: Documentation/SubmittingPatches
This commit is contained in:
Jonathan Corbet
Коммит
fbd3a46612
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|
@ -10,27 +10,49 @@ kernel, the process can sometimes be daunting if you're not familiar
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with "the system." This text is a collection of suggestions which
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can greatly increase the chances of your change being accepted.
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Read Documentation/SubmitChecklist for a list of items to check
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before submitting code. If you are submitting a driver, also read
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Documentation/SubmittingDrivers.
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This document contains a large number of suggestions in a relatively terse
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format. For detailed information on how the kernel development process
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works, see Documentation/development-process. Also, read
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Documentation/SubmitChecklist for a list of items to check before
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submitting code. If you are submitting a driver, also read
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Documentation/SubmittingDrivers; for device tree binding patches, read
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Documentation/devicetree/bindings/submitting-patches.txt.
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Many of these steps describe the default behavior of the git version
|
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control system; if you use git to prepare your patches, you'll find much
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of the mechanical work done for you, though you'll still need to prepare
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and document a sensible set of patches.
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and document a sensible set of patches. In general, use of git will make
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your life as a kernel developer easier.
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--------------------------------------------
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SECTION 1 - CREATING AND SENDING YOUR CHANGE
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--------------------------------------------
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0) Obtain a current source tree
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-------------------------------
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If you do not have a repository with the current kernel source handy, use
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git to obtain one. You'll want to start with the mainline repository,
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which can be grabbed with:
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git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
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Note, however, that you may not want to develop against the mainline tree
|
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directly. Most subsystem maintainers run their own trees and want to see
|
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patches prepared against those trees. See the "T:" entry for the subsystem
|
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in the MAINTAINERS file to find that tree, or simply ask the maintainer if
|
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the tree is not listed there.
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It is still possible to download kernel releases via tarballs (as described
|
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in the next section), but that is the hard way to do kernel development.
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1) "diff -up"
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------------
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Use "diff -up" or "diff -uprN" to create patches. git generates patches
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in this form by default; if you're using git, you can skip this section
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entirely.
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If you must generate your patches by hand, use "diff -up" or "diff -uprN"
|
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to create patches. Git generates patches in this form by default; if
|
||||
you're using git, you can skip this section entirely.
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|
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All changes to the Linux kernel occur in the form of patches, as
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generated by diff(1). When creating your patch, make sure to create it
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@ -42,7 +64,7 @@ not in any lower subdirectory.
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To create a patch for a single file, it is often sufficient to do:
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SRCTREE= linux-2.6
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SRCTREE= linux
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MYFILE= drivers/net/mydriver.c
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cd $SRCTREE
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@ -55,17 +77,16 @@ To create a patch for multiple files, you should unpack a "vanilla",
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or unmodified kernel source tree, and generate a diff against your
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own source tree. For example:
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|
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MYSRC= /devel/linux-2.6
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MYSRC= /devel/linux
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tar xvfz linux-2.6.12.tar.gz
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mv linux-2.6.12 linux-2.6.12-vanilla
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diff -uprN -X linux-2.6.12-vanilla/Documentation/dontdiff \
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linux-2.6.12-vanilla $MYSRC > /tmp/patch
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tar xvfz linux-3.19.tar.gz
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mv linux-3.19 linux-3.19-vanilla
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diff -uprN -X linux-3.19-vanilla/Documentation/dontdiff \
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linux-3.19-vanilla $MYSRC > /tmp/patch
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|
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"dontdiff" is a list of files which are generated by the kernel during
|
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the build process, and should be ignored in any diff(1)-generated
|
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patch. The "dontdiff" file is included in the kernel tree in
|
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2.6.12 and later.
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patch.
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|
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Make sure your patch does not include any extra files which do not
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belong in a patch submission. Make sure to review your patch -after-
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|
@ -83,6 +104,7 @@ is another popular alternative.
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|
||||
|
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2) Describe your changes.
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-------------------------
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|
||||
Describe your problem. Whether your patch is a one-line bug fix or
|
||||
5000 lines of a new feature, there must be an underlying problem that
|
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|
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@ -124,10 +146,10 @@ See #3, next.
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|||
When you submit or resubmit a patch or patch series, include the
|
||||
complete patch description and justification for it. Don't just
|
||||
say that this is version N of the patch (series). Don't expect the
|
||||
patch merger to refer back to earlier patch versions or referenced
|
||||
subsystem maintainer to refer back to earlier patch versions or referenced
|
||||
URLs to find the patch description and put that into the patch.
|
||||
I.e., the patch (series) and its description should be self-contained.
|
||||
This benefits both the patch merger(s) and reviewers. Some reviewers
|
||||
This benefits both the maintainers and reviewers. Some reviewers
|
||||
probably didn't even receive earlier versions of the patch.
|
||||
|
||||
Describe your changes in imperative mood, e.g. "make xyzzy do frotz"
|
||||
|
|
@ -156,10 +178,15 @@ Example:
|
|||
platform_set_drvdata(), but left the variable "dev" unused,
|
||||
delete it.
|
||||
|
||||
You should also be sure to use at least the first twelve characters of the
|
||||
SHA-1 ID. The kernel repository holds a *lot* of objects, making
|
||||
collisions with shorter IDs a real possibility. Bear in mind that, even if
|
||||
there is no collision with your six-character ID now, that condition may
|
||||
change five years from now.
|
||||
|
||||
If your patch fixes a bug in a specific commit, e.g. you found an issue using
|
||||
git-bisect, please use the 'Fixes:' tag with the first 12 characters of the
|
||||
SHA-1 ID, and the one line summary.
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
SHA-1 ID, and the one line summary. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
Fixes: e21d2170f366 ("video: remove unnecessary platform_set_drvdata()")
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -172,8 +199,9 @@ outputting the above style in the git log or git show commands
|
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fixes = Fixes: %h (\"%s\")
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|
||||
3) Separate your changes.
|
||||
-------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Separate _logical changes_ into a single patch file.
|
||||
Separate each _logical change_ into a separate patch.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, if your changes include both bug fixes and performance
|
||||
enhancements for a single driver, separate those changes into two
|
||||
|
|
@ -184,90 +212,116 @@ On the other hand, if you make a single change to numerous files,
|
|||
group those changes into a single patch. Thus a single logical change
|
||||
is contained within a single patch.
|
||||
|
||||
The point to remember is that each patch should make an easily understood
|
||||
change that can be verified by reviewers. Each patch should be justifiable
|
||||
on its own merits.
|
||||
|
||||
If one patch depends on another patch in order for a change to be
|
||||
complete, that is OK. Simply note "this patch depends on patch X"
|
||||
in your patch description.
|
||||
|
||||
When dividing your change into a series of patches, take special care to
|
||||
ensure that the kernel builds and runs properly after each patch in the
|
||||
series. Developers using "git bisect" to track down a problem can end up
|
||||
splitting your patch series at any point; they will not thank you if you
|
||||
introduce bugs in the middle.
|
||||
|
||||
If you cannot condense your patch set into a smaller set of patches,
|
||||
then only post say 15 or so at a time and wait for review and integration.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4) Style check your changes.
|
||||
4) Style-check your changes.
|
||||
----------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Check your patch for basic style violations, details of which can be
|
||||
found in Documentation/CodingStyle. Failure to do so simply wastes
|
||||
the reviewers time and will get your patch rejected, probably
|
||||
without even being read.
|
||||
|
||||
At a minimum you should check your patches with the patch style
|
||||
checker prior to submission (scripts/checkpatch.pl). You should
|
||||
be able to justify all violations that remain in your patch.
|
||||
One significant exception is when moving code from one file to
|
||||
another -- in this case you should not modify the moved code at all in
|
||||
the same patch which moves it. This clearly delineates the act of
|
||||
moving the code and your changes. This greatly aids review of the
|
||||
actual differences and allows tools to better track the history of
|
||||
the code itself.
|
||||
|
||||
Check your patches with the patch style checker prior to submission
|
||||
(scripts/checkpatch.pl). Note, though, that the style checker should be
|
||||
viewed as a guide, not as a replacement for human judgment. If your code
|
||||
looks better with a violation then its probably best left alone.
|
||||
|
||||
The checker reports at three levels:
|
||||
- ERROR: things that are very likely to be wrong
|
||||
- WARNING: things requiring careful review
|
||||
- CHECK: things requiring thought
|
||||
|
||||
You should be able to justify all violations that remain in your
|
||||
patch.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
5) Select the recipients for your patch.
|
||||
----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
5) Select e-mail destination.
|
||||
You should always copy the appropriate subsystem maintainer(s) on any patch
|
||||
to code that they maintain; look through the MAINTAINERS file and the
|
||||
source code revision history to see who those maintainers are. The
|
||||
script scripts/get_maintainer.pl can be very useful at this step. If you
|
||||
cannot find a maintainer for the subsystem your are working on, Andrew
|
||||
Morton (akpm@linux-foundation.org) serves as a maintainer of last resort.
|
||||
|
||||
Look through the MAINTAINERS file and the source code, and determine
|
||||
if your change applies to a specific subsystem of the kernel, with
|
||||
an assigned maintainer. If so, e-mail that person. The script
|
||||
scripts/get_maintainer.pl can be very useful at this step.
|
||||
|
||||
If no maintainer is listed, or the maintainer does not respond, send
|
||||
your patch to the primary Linux kernel developer's mailing list,
|
||||
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org. Most kernel developers monitor this
|
||||
e-mail list, and can comment on your changes.
|
||||
You should also normally choose at least one mailing list to receive a copy
|
||||
of your patch set. linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org functions as a list of
|
||||
last resort, but the volume on that list has caused a number of developers
|
||||
to tune it out. Look in the MAINTAINERS file for a subsystem-specific
|
||||
list; your patch will probably get more attention there. Please do not
|
||||
spam unrelated lists, though.
|
||||
|
||||
Many kernel-related lists are hosted on vger.kernel.org; you can find a
|
||||
list of them at http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html. There are
|
||||
kernel-related lists hosted elsewhere as well, though.
|
||||
|
||||
Do not send more than 15 patches at once to the vger mailing lists!!!
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Linus Torvalds is the final arbiter of all changes accepted into the
|
||||
Linux kernel. His e-mail address is <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>.
|
||||
He gets a lot of e-mail, so typically you should do your best to -avoid-
|
||||
He gets a lot of e-mail, and, at this point, very few patches go through
|
||||
Linus directly, so typically you should do your best to -avoid-
|
||||
sending him e-mail.
|
||||
|
||||
Patches which are bug fixes, are "obvious" changes, or similarly
|
||||
require little discussion should be sent or CC'd to Linus. Patches
|
||||
which require discussion or do not have a clear advantage should
|
||||
usually be sent first to linux-kernel. Only after the patch is
|
||||
discussed should the patch then be submitted to Linus.
|
||||
If you have a patch that fixes an exploitable security bug, send that patch
|
||||
to security@kernel.org. For severe bugs, a short embargo may be considered
|
||||
to allow distrbutors to get the patch out to users; in such cases,
|
||||
obviously, the patch should not be sent to any public lists.
|
||||
|
||||
Patches that fix a severe bug in a released kernel should be directed
|
||||
toward the stable maintainers by putting a line like this:
|
||||
|
||||
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
|
||||
|
||||
6) Select your CC (e-mail carbon copy) list.
|
||||
into your patch.
|
||||
|
||||
Unless you have a reason NOT to do so, CC linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org.
|
||||
Note, however, that some subsystem maintainers want to come to their own
|
||||
conclusions on which patches should go to the stable trees. The networking
|
||||
maintainer, in particular, would rather not see individual developers
|
||||
adding lines like the above to their patches.
|
||||
|
||||
Other kernel developers besides Linus need to be aware of your change,
|
||||
so that they may comment on it and offer code review and suggestions.
|
||||
linux-kernel is the primary Linux kernel developer mailing list.
|
||||
Other mailing lists are available for specific subsystems, such as
|
||||
USB, framebuffer devices, the VFS, the SCSI subsystem, etc. See the
|
||||
MAINTAINERS file for a mailing list that relates specifically to
|
||||
your change.
|
||||
|
||||
Majordomo lists of VGER.KERNEL.ORG at:
|
||||
<http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html>
|
||||
|
||||
If changes affect userland-kernel interfaces, please send
|
||||
the MAN-PAGES maintainer (as listed in the MAINTAINERS file)
|
||||
a man-pages patch, or at least a notification of the change,
|
||||
so that some information makes its way into the manual pages.
|
||||
|
||||
Even if the maintainer did not respond in step #5, make sure to ALWAYS
|
||||
copy the maintainer when you change their code.
|
||||
If changes affect userland-kernel interfaces, please send the MAN-PAGES
|
||||
maintainer (as listed in the MAINTAINERS file) a man-pages patch, or at
|
||||
least a notification of the change, so that some information makes its way
|
||||
into the manual pages. User-space API changes should also be copied to
|
||||
linux-api@vger.kernel.org.
|
||||
|
||||
For small patches you may want to CC the Trivial Patch Monkey
|
||||
trivial@kernel.org which collects "trivial" patches. Have a look
|
||||
into the MAINTAINERS file for its current manager.
|
||||
Trivial patches must qualify for one of the following rules:
|
||||
Spelling fixes in documentation
|
||||
Spelling fixes which could break grep(1)
|
||||
Spelling fixes for errors which could break grep(1)
|
||||
Warning fixes (cluttering with useless warnings is bad)
|
||||
Compilation fixes (only if they are actually correct)
|
||||
Runtime fixes (only if they actually fix things)
|
||||
Removing use of deprecated functions/macros (eg. check_region)
|
||||
Removing use of deprecated functions/macros
|
||||
Contact detail and documentation fixes
|
||||
Non-portable code replaced by portable code (even in arch-specific,
|
||||
since people copy, as long as it's trivial)
|
||||
|
|
@ -276,7 +330,8 @@ Trivial patches must qualify for one of the following rules:
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
7) No MIME, no links, no compression, no attachments. Just plain text.
|
||||
6) No MIME, no links, no compression, no attachments. Just plain text.
|
||||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Linus and other kernel developers need to be able to read and comment
|
||||
on the changes you are submitting. It is important for a kernel
|
||||
|
|
@ -299,54 +354,48 @@ you to re-send them using MIME.
|
|||
See Documentation/email-clients.txt for hints about configuring
|
||||
your e-mail client so that it sends your patches untouched.
|
||||
|
||||
8) E-mail size.
|
||||
|
||||
When sending patches to Linus, always follow step #7.
|
||||
7) E-mail size.
|
||||
---------------
|
||||
|
||||
Large changes are not appropriate for mailing lists, and some
|
||||
maintainers. If your patch, uncompressed, exceeds 300 kB in size,
|
||||
it is preferred that you store your patch on an Internet-accessible
|
||||
server, and provide instead a URL (link) pointing to your patch.
|
||||
server, and provide instead a URL (link) pointing to your patch. But note
|
||||
that if your patch exceeds 300 kB, it almost certainly needs to be broken up
|
||||
anyway.
|
||||
|
||||
8) Respond to review comments.
|
||||
------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Your patch will almost certainly get comments from reviewers on ways in
|
||||
which the patch can be improved. You must respond to those comments;
|
||||
ignoring reviewers is a good way to get ignored in return. Review comments
|
||||
or questions that do not lead to a code change should almost certainly
|
||||
bring about a comment or changelog entry so that the next reviewer better
|
||||
understands what is going on.
|
||||
|
||||
Be sure to tell the reviewers what changes you are making and to thank them
|
||||
for their time. Code review is a tiring and time-consuming process, and
|
||||
reviewers sometimes get grumpy. Even in that case, though, respond
|
||||
politely and address the problems they have pointed out.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
9) Don't get discouraged - or impatient.
|
||||
----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
9) Name your kernel version.
|
||||
After you have submitted your change, be patient and wait. Reviewers are
|
||||
busy people and may not get to your patch right away.
|
||||
|
||||
It is important to note, either in the subject line or in the patch
|
||||
description, the kernel version to which this patch applies.
|
||||
|
||||
If the patch does not apply cleanly to the latest kernel version,
|
||||
Linus will not apply it.
|
||||
Once upon a time, patches used to disappear into the void without comment,
|
||||
but the development process works more smoothly than that now. You should
|
||||
receive comments within a week or so; if that does not happen, make sure
|
||||
that you have sent your patches to the right place. Wait for a minimum of
|
||||
one week before resubmitting or pinging reviewers - possibly longer during
|
||||
busy times like merge windows.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
10) Don't get discouraged. Re-submit.
|
||||
|
||||
After you have submitted your change, be patient and wait. If Linus
|
||||
likes your change and applies it, it will appear in the next version
|
||||
of the kernel that he releases.
|
||||
|
||||
However, if your change doesn't appear in the next version of the
|
||||
kernel, there could be any number of reasons. It's YOUR job to
|
||||
narrow down those reasons, correct what was wrong, and submit your
|
||||
updated change.
|
||||
|
||||
It is quite common for Linus to "drop" your patch without comment.
|
||||
That's the nature of the system. If he drops your patch, it could be
|
||||
due to
|
||||
* Your patch did not apply cleanly to the latest kernel version.
|
||||
* Your patch was not sufficiently discussed on linux-kernel.
|
||||
* A style issue (see section 2).
|
||||
* An e-mail formatting issue (re-read this section).
|
||||
* A technical problem with your change.
|
||||
* He gets tons of e-mail, and yours got lost in the shuffle.
|
||||
* You are being annoying.
|
||||
|
||||
When in doubt, solicit comments on linux-kernel mailing list.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
11) Include PATCH in the subject
|
||||
10) Include PATCH in the subject
|
||||
--------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Due to high e-mail traffic to Linus, and to linux-kernel, it is common
|
||||
convention to prefix your subject line with [PATCH]. This lets Linus
|
||||
|
|
@ -355,7 +404,8 @@ e-mail discussions.
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
12) Sign your work
|
||||
11) Sign your work
|
||||
------------------
|
||||
|
||||
To improve tracking of who did what, especially with patches that can
|
||||
percolate to their final resting place in the kernel through several
|
||||
|
|
@ -429,15 +479,15 @@ which appears in the changelog.
|
|||
Special note to back-porters: It seems to be a common and useful practice
|
||||
to insert an indication of the origin of a patch at the top of the commit
|
||||
message (just after the subject line) to facilitate tracking. For instance,
|
||||
here's what we see in 2.6-stable :
|
||||
here's what we see in a 3.x-stable release:
|
||||
|
||||
Date: Tue May 13 19:10:30 2008 +0000
|
||||
Date: Tue Oct 7 07:26:38 2014 -0400
|
||||
|
||||
SCSI: libiscsi regression in 2.6.25: fix nop timer handling
|
||||
libata: Un-break ATA blacklist
|
||||
|
||||
commit 4cf1043593db6a337f10e006c23c69e5fc93e722 upstream
|
||||
commit 1c40279960bcd7d52dbdf1d466b20d24b99176c8 upstream.
|
||||
|
||||
And here's what appears in 2.4 :
|
||||
And here's what might appear in an older kernel once a patch is backported:
|
||||
|
||||
Date: Tue May 13 22:12:27 2008 +0200
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -446,18 +496,19 @@ And here's what appears in 2.4 :
|
|||
[backport of 2.6 commit b7acbdfbd1f277c1eb23f344f899cfa4cd0bf36a]
|
||||
|
||||
Whatever the format, this information provides a valuable help to people
|
||||
tracking your trees, and to people trying to trouble-shoot bugs in your
|
||||
tracking your trees, and to people trying to troubleshoot bugs in your
|
||||
tree.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
13) When to use Acked-by: and Cc:
|
||||
12) When to use Acked-by: and Cc:
|
||||
---------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The Signed-off-by: tag indicates that the signer was involved in the
|
||||
development of the patch, or that he/she was in the patch's delivery path.
|
||||
|
||||
If a person was not directly involved in the preparation or handling of a
|
||||
patch but wishes to signify and record their approval of it then they can
|
||||
arrange to have an Acked-by: line added to the patch's changelog.
|
||||
ask to have an Acked-by: line added to the patch's changelog.
|
||||
|
||||
Acked-by: is often used by the maintainer of the affected code when that
|
||||
maintainer neither contributed to nor forwarded the patch.
|
||||
|
|
@ -465,7 +516,8 @@ maintainer neither contributed to nor forwarded the patch.
|
|||
Acked-by: is not as formal as Signed-off-by:. It is a record that the acker
|
||||
has at least reviewed the patch and has indicated acceptance. Hence patch
|
||||
mergers will sometimes manually convert an acker's "yep, looks good to me"
|
||||
into an Acked-by:.
|
||||
into an Acked-by: (but note that it is usually better to ask for an
|
||||
explicit ack).
|
||||
|
||||
Acked-by: does not necessarily indicate acknowledgement of the entire patch.
|
||||
For example, if a patch affects multiple subsystems and has an Acked-by: from
|
||||
|
|
@ -477,11 +529,13 @@ list archives.
|
|||
If a person has had the opportunity to comment on a patch, but has not
|
||||
provided such comments, you may optionally add a "Cc:" tag to the patch.
|
||||
This is the only tag which might be added without an explicit action by the
|
||||
person it names. This tag documents that potentially interested parties
|
||||
have been included in the discussion
|
||||
person it names - but it should indicate that this person was copied on the
|
||||
patch. This tag documents that potentially interested parties
|
||||
have been included in the discussion.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
14) Using Reported-by:, Tested-by:, Reviewed-by:, Suggested-by: and Fixes:
|
||||
13) Using Reported-by:, Tested-by:, Reviewed-by:, Suggested-by: and Fixes:
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The Reported-by tag gives credit to people who find bugs and report them and it
|
||||
hopefully inspires them to help us again in the future. Please note that if
|
||||
|
|
@ -541,7 +595,13 @@ which stable kernel versions should receive your fix. This is the preferred
|
|||
method for indicating a bug fixed by the patch. See #2 above for more details.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
15) The canonical patch format
|
||||
14) The canonical patch format
|
||||
------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
This section describes how the patch itself should be formatted. Note
|
||||
that, if you have your patches stored in a git repository, proper patch
|
||||
formatting can be had with "git format-patch". The tools cannot create
|
||||
the necessary text, though, so read the instructions below anyway.
|
||||
|
||||
The canonical patch subject line is:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -549,7 +609,8 @@ The canonical patch subject line is:
|
|||
|
||||
The canonical patch message body contains the following:
|
||||
|
||||
- A "from" line specifying the patch author.
|
||||
- A "from" line specifying the patch author (only needed if the person
|
||||
sending the patch is not the author).
|
||||
|
||||
- An empty line.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -656,128 +717,63 @@ See more details on the proper patch format in the following
|
|||
references.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
16) Sending "git pull" requests (from Linus emails)
|
||||
15) Sending "git pull" requests
|
||||
-------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Please write the git repo address and branch name alone on the same line
|
||||
so that I can't even by mistake pull from the wrong branch, and so
|
||||
that a triple-click just selects the whole thing.
|
||||
If you have a series of patches, it may be most convenient to have the
|
||||
maintainer pull them directly into the subsystem repository with a
|
||||
"git pull" operation. Note, however, that pulling patches from a developer
|
||||
requires a higher degree of trust than taking patches from a mailing list.
|
||||
As a result, many subsystem maintainers are reluctant to take pull
|
||||
requests, especially from new, unknown developers. If in doubt you can use
|
||||
the pull request as the cover letter for a normal posting of the patch
|
||||
series, giving the maintainer the option of using either.
|
||||
|
||||
So the proper format is something along the lines of:
|
||||
A pull request should have [GIT] or [PULL] in the subject line. The
|
||||
request itself should include the repository name and the branch of
|
||||
interest on a single line; it should look something like:
|
||||
|
||||
"Please pull from
|
||||
Please pull from
|
||||
|
||||
git://jdelvare.pck.nerim.net/jdelvare-2.6 i2c-for-linus
|
||||
git://jdelvare.pck.nerim.net/jdelvare-2.6 i2c-for-linus
|
||||
|
||||
to get these changes:"
|
||||
to get these changes:"
|
||||
|
||||
so that I don't have to hunt-and-peck for the address and inevitably
|
||||
get it wrong (actually, I've only gotten it wrong a few times, and
|
||||
checking against the diffstat tells me when I get it wrong, but I'm
|
||||
just a lot more comfortable when I don't have to "look for" the right
|
||||
thing to pull, and double-check that I have the right branch-name).
|
||||
A pull request should also include an overall message saying what will be
|
||||
included in the request, a "git shortlog" listing of the patches
|
||||
themselves, and a diffstat showing the overall effect of the patch series.
|
||||
The easiest way to get all this information together is, of course, to let
|
||||
git do it for you with the "git request-pull" command.
|
||||
|
||||
Some maintainers (including Linus) want to see pull requests from signed
|
||||
commits; that increases their confidence that the request actually came
|
||||
from you. Linus, in particular, will not pull from public hosting sites
|
||||
like GitHub in the absence of a signed tag.
|
||||
|
||||
Please use "git diff -M --stat --summary" to generate the diffstat:
|
||||
the -M enables rename detection, and the summary enables a summary of
|
||||
new/deleted or renamed files.
|
||||
The first step toward creating such tags is to make a GNUPG key and get it
|
||||
signed by one or more core kernel developers. This step can be hard for
|
||||
new developers, but there is no way around it. Attending conferences can
|
||||
be a good way to find developers who can sign your key.
|
||||
|
||||
With rename detection, the statistics are rather different [...]
|
||||
because git will notice that a fair number of the changes are renames.
|
||||
Once you have prepared a patch series in git that you wish to have somebody
|
||||
pull, create a signed tag with "git tag -s". This will create a new tag
|
||||
identifying the last commit in the series and containing a signature
|
||||
created with your private key. You will also have the opportunity to add a
|
||||
changelog-style message to the tag; this is an ideal place to describe the
|
||||
effects of the pull request as a whole.
|
||||
|
||||
-----------------------------------
|
||||
SECTION 2 - HINTS, TIPS, AND TRICKS
|
||||
-----------------------------------
|
||||
If the tree the maintainer will be pulling from is not the repository you
|
||||
are working from, don't forget to push the signed tag explicitly to the
|
||||
public tree.
|
||||
|
||||
This section lists many of the common "rules" associated with code
|
||||
submitted to the kernel. There are always exceptions... but you must
|
||||
have a really good reason for doing so. You could probably call this
|
||||
section Linus Computer Science 101.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
1) Read Documentation/CodingStyle
|
||||
|
||||
Nuff said. If your code deviates too much from this, it is likely
|
||||
to be rejected without further review, and without comment.
|
||||
|
||||
One significant exception is when moving code from one file to
|
||||
another -- in this case you should not modify the moved code at all in
|
||||
the same patch which moves it. This clearly delineates the act of
|
||||
moving the code and your changes. This greatly aids review of the
|
||||
actual differences and allows tools to better track the history of
|
||||
the code itself.
|
||||
|
||||
Check your patches with the patch style checker prior to submission
|
||||
(scripts/checkpatch.pl). The style checker should be viewed as
|
||||
a guide not as the final word. If your code looks better with
|
||||
a violation then its probably best left alone.
|
||||
|
||||
The checker reports at three levels:
|
||||
- ERROR: things that are very likely to be wrong
|
||||
- WARNING: things requiring careful review
|
||||
- CHECK: things requiring thought
|
||||
|
||||
You should be able to justify all violations that remain in your
|
||||
patch.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
2) #ifdefs are ugly
|
||||
|
||||
Code cluttered with ifdefs is difficult to read and maintain. Don't do
|
||||
it. Instead, put your ifdefs in a header, and conditionally define
|
||||
'static inline' functions, or macros, which are used in the code.
|
||||
Let the compiler optimize away the "no-op" case.
|
||||
|
||||
Simple example, of poor code:
|
||||
|
||||
dev = alloc_etherdev (sizeof(struct funky_private));
|
||||
if (!dev)
|
||||
return -ENODEV;
|
||||
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_FUNKINESS
|
||||
init_funky_net(dev);
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
|
||||
Cleaned-up example:
|
||||
|
||||
(in header)
|
||||
#ifndef CONFIG_NET_FUNKINESS
|
||||
static inline void init_funky_net (struct net_device *d) {}
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
|
||||
(in the code itself)
|
||||
dev = alloc_etherdev (sizeof(struct funky_private));
|
||||
if (!dev)
|
||||
return -ENODEV;
|
||||
init_funky_net(dev);
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
3) 'static inline' is better than a macro
|
||||
|
||||
Static inline functions are greatly preferred over macros.
|
||||
They provide type safety, have no length limitations, no formatting
|
||||
limitations, and under gcc they are as cheap as macros.
|
||||
|
||||
Macros should only be used for cases where a static inline is clearly
|
||||
suboptimal [there are a few, isolated cases of this in fast paths],
|
||||
or where it is impossible to use a static inline function [such as
|
||||
string-izing].
|
||||
|
||||
'static inline' is preferred over 'static __inline__', 'extern inline',
|
||||
and 'extern __inline__'.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4) Don't over-design.
|
||||
|
||||
Don't try to anticipate nebulous future cases which may or may not
|
||||
be useful: "Make it as simple as you can, and no simpler."
|
||||
When generating your pull request, use the signed tag as the target. A
|
||||
command like this will do the trick:
|
||||
|
||||
git request-pull master git://my.public.tree/linux.git my-signed-tag
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
SECTION 3 - REFERENCES
|
||||
SECTION 2 - REFERENCES
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Andrew Morton, "The perfect patch" (tpp).
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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