Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
deal with signedness of the stuff passed to set_bit() et.al.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove the obviously unnecessary includes of <linux/spinlock.h> under the
include/linux/ directory, and fix the couple errors that are introduced as
a result of that.
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL for new symbols, and declare the struct in the header
file for access by other modules.
Signed-off-by: Chris Boot <bootc@bootc.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Per kernel headers, device minor numbers are unsigned ints. Do the same in
this driver.
Signed-off-by: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
GPIO SUPPORT FOR SCx200 & PC8736x
The patch-set reworks the 2.4 vintage scx200_gpio driver for modern 2.6, and
refactors GPIO support to reuse it in a new driver for the GPIO on PC-8736x
chips. Its handy for the Soekris.com net-4801, which has both chips.
These patches have been seen recently on Kernel-Mentors, and then
Kernel-Newbies ML, where Jesper Juhl kindly reviewed it. His feedback has
been incorporated. Thanks Jesper !
Its also gone to soekris-tech@soekris.com for possible testing by linux folks,
I've gotten 1 promise so far. Theyre mostly BSD folk over there, but we'll
see..
Device-file & Sysfs
The driver preserves the existing device-file interface, including the
write/cmd set, but adds v to 'view' the pin-settings & configs by inducing,
via gpio_dump(), a dev_info() call. Its a fairly crappy way to get status,
but it sticks to the syslog approach, conservatively.
Allowing users to voluntarily trigger logging is good, it gives them a
familiar way to confirm their app's control & use of the pins, and I've thus
reduced the pin-mode-updates from dev_info to dev_dbg.
I've recently bolted on a proto sysfs interface for both new drivers. Im not
including those patches here; they (the patch + doc-pre-patch) are still quite
raw (and unreviewed on KNML), and since they 'invent' a convention for GPIO, a
proper vetting is needed. Since this patchset is much bigger than my previous
ones, Id like to keep things simpler, and address it 1st, before bolting on
more stuff.
The driver-split
The Geode CPU and the PC-87366 Super-IO chip have GPIO units which share a
common pin-architecture (same pin features, with same bits controlling), but
with different addressing mechanics and port organizations.
The vintage driver expresses the pin capabilities with pin-mode commands
[OoPpTt],etc that change the pin configurations, and since the 2 chips share
pin-arch, we can reuse the read(), write() commands, once the implementation
is suitably adjusted.
The patchset adds a vtable: struct nsc_gpio_ops, to abstract the existing gpio
operations, then adjusts fileops.write() code to invoke operations via that
vtable. Driver specific open()s set private_data to the vtable so its
available for use by write().
The vtable gets the gpio_dump() too, since its user-friendly, and (could be
construed as) part of the current device-file interface. To support use of
dev_dbg() in write() & _dump(), the vtable gets a dev ptr too, set by both
scx200 & pc8736x _gpio drivers.
heres how the pins are presented in syslog:
[ 1890.176223] scx200_gpio.0: io00: 0x0044 TS OD PUE EDGE LO DEBOUNCE
[ 1890.287223] scx200_gpio.0: io01: 0x0003 OE PP PUD EDGE LO
nsc_gpio.c: new file is new home of several file-ops methods, which are
modified to get their vtable from filp->private_data, and use it where needed.
scx200_gpio.c: keeps some of its existing gpio routines, but now wires them up
via the vtable (they're invoked by nsc_gpio.c:nsc_gpio_write() thru this
vtable). A driver-spcific open() initializes filp->private_data with the
vtable.
Once the split is clean, and the scx200_gpio driver is working, we copy and
modify the function and variable names, and rework the access-method bodies
for the different addressing scheme.
Heres a working overview of the patchset:
# series file for GPIO
# Spring Cleaning
gpio-scx/patch.preclean # scripts/Lindent fixes, editor-ctrl comments
# API Modernization
gpio-scx/patch.api26 # what I learned from LDD3
gpio-scx/patch.platform-dev-2 # get pdev, support for dev_dbg()
gpio-scx/patch.unsigned-minor # fix to match std practice
# Debuggability
gpio-scx/patch.dump-diet # shrink gpio_dump()
gpio-scx/patch.viewpins # add new 'command' to call dump()
gpio-scx/patch.init-refactor # pull shadow-register init to sub
# Access-Abstraction (add vtable)
gpio-scx/patch.access-vtable # introduce nsg_gpio_ops vtable, w dump
gpio-scx/patch.vtable-calls # add & use the vtable in scx200_gpio
gpio-scx/patch.nscgpio-shell # add empty driver for common-fops
# move code under abstraction
gpio-scx/patch.migrate-fops # move file-ops methods from scx200_gpio
gpio-scx/patch.common-dump # mv scx200.c:scx200_gpio_dump() to nsc_gpio.c
gpio-scx/patch.add-pc8736x-gpio # add new driver, like old, w chip adapt
# gpio-scx/patch.add-DEBUG # enable all dev_dbg()s
# Cleanups
# finish printk -> dev_dbg() etc
gpio-scx/patch.pdev-pc8736x # new drvr needs pdev too,
gpio-scx/patch.devdbg-nscgpio # add device to 'vtable', use in dev_dbg()
# gpio-scx/patch.pin-config-view # another 'c' 'command'
# gpio-scx/quiet-getset # take out excess dbg stuff (pretty quiet
now)
gpio-scx/patch.shadow-current # imitate scx200_gpio's shadow regs in
pc87*
# post KMentors-post patches ..
gpio-scx/patch.mutexes # use mutexes for config-locks
gpio-scx/patch.viewpins-values # extend dump to obsolete separate 'c' cmd
gpio-scx/patch.kconfig # add stuff for kbuild
# TBC
# combine api26 with pdev, which is just one step.
# merge c&v commands to single do-all-fn
# delay viewpins, dump-diet should also un-ifdef it too.
diff.sys-gpio-rollup-1
This patch:
Removed editor format-control comments, and used scripts/Lindent to clean up
whitespace, then deleted the bogus chunks :-(
Signed-off-by: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
Greg Kroah-Hartman
Al Viro
Robert P. J. Day
Chris Boot
Jim Cromie
Linus Torvalds