- Move the arch-specific code into arch/arm64/kvm
- Start the post-32bit cleanup
- Cherry-pick a few non-invasive pre-NV patches
x86:
- Rework of TLB flushing
- Rework of event injection, especially with respect to nested virtualization
- Nested AMD event injection facelift, building on the rework of generic code
and fixing a lot of corner cases
- Nested AMD live migration support
- Optimization for TSC deadline MSR writes and IPIs
- Various cleanups
- Asynchronous page fault cleanups (from tglx, common topic branch with tip tree)
- Interrupt-based delivery of asynchronous "page ready" events (host side)
- Hyper-V MSRs and hypercalls for guest debugging
- VMX preemption timer fixes
s390:
- Cleanups
Generic:
- switch vCPU thread wakeup from swait to rcuwait
The other architectures, and the guest side of the asynchronous page fault
work, will come next week.
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Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm
Pull kvm updates from Paolo Bonzini:
"ARM:
- Move the arch-specific code into arch/arm64/kvm
- Start the post-32bit cleanup
- Cherry-pick a few non-invasive pre-NV patches
x86:
- Rework of TLB flushing
- Rework of event injection, especially with respect to nested
virtualization
- Nested AMD event injection facelift, building on the rework of
generic code and fixing a lot of corner cases
- Nested AMD live migration support
- Optimization for TSC deadline MSR writes and IPIs
- Various cleanups
- Asynchronous page fault cleanups (from tglx, common topic branch
with tip tree)
- Interrupt-based delivery of asynchronous "page ready" events (host
side)
- Hyper-V MSRs and hypercalls for guest debugging
- VMX preemption timer fixes
s390:
- Cleanups
Generic:
- switch vCPU thread wakeup from swait to rcuwait
The other architectures, and the guest side of the asynchronous page
fault work, will come next week"
* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (256 commits)
KVM: selftests: fix rdtsc() for vmx_tsc_adjust_test
KVM: check userspace_addr for all memslots
KVM: selftests: update hyperv_cpuid with SynDBG tests
x86/kvm/hyper-v: Add support for synthetic debugger via hypercalls
x86/kvm/hyper-v: enable hypercalls regardless of hypercall page
x86/kvm/hyper-v: Add support for synthetic debugger interface
x86/hyper-v: Add synthetic debugger definitions
KVM: selftests: VMX preemption timer migration test
KVM: nVMX: Fix VMX preemption timer migration
x86/kvm/hyper-v: Explicitly align hcall param for kvm_hyperv_exit
KVM: x86/pmu: Support full width counting
KVM: x86/pmu: Tweak kvm_pmu_get_msr to pass 'struct msr_data' in
KVM: x86: announce KVM_FEATURE_ASYNC_PF_INT
KVM: x86: acknowledgment mechanism for async pf page ready notifications
KVM: x86: interrupt based APF 'page ready' event delivery
KVM: introduce kvm_read_guest_offset_cached()
KVM: rename kvm_arch_can_inject_async_page_present() to kvm_arch_can_dequeue_async_page_present()
KVM: x86: extend struct kvm_vcpu_pv_apf_data with token info
Revert "KVM: async_pf: Fix #DF due to inject "Page not Present" and "Page Ready" exceptions simultaneously"
KVM: VMX: Replace zero-length array with flexible-array
...
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Merge tag 'threads-v5.8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brauner/linux
Pull thread updates from Christian Brauner:
"We have been discussing using pidfds to attach to namespaces for quite
a while and the patches have in one form or another already existed
for about a year. But I wanted to wait to see how the general api
would be received and adopted.
This contains the changes to make it possible to use pidfds to attach
to the namespaces of a process, i.e. they can be passed as the first
argument to the setns() syscall.
When only a single namespace type is specified the semantics are
equivalent to passing an nsfd. That means setns(nsfd, CLONE_NEWNET)
equals setns(pidfd, CLONE_NEWNET).
However, when a pidfd is passed, multiple namespace flags can be
specified in the second setns() argument and setns() will attach the
caller to all the specified namespaces all at once or to none of them.
Specifying 0 is not valid together with a pidfd. Here are just two
obvious examples:
setns(pidfd, CLONE_NEWPID | CLONE_NEWNS | CLONE_NEWNET);
setns(pidfd, CLONE_NEWUSER);
Allowing to also attach subsets of namespaces supports various
use-cases where callers setns to a subset of namespaces to retain
privilege, perform an action and then re-attach another subset of
namespaces.
Apart from significantly reducing the number of syscalls needed to
attach to all currently supported namespaces (eight "open+setns"
sequences vs just a single "setns()"), this also allows atomic setns
to a set of namespaces, i.e. either attaching to all namespaces
succeeds or we fail without having changed anything.
This is centered around a new internal struct nsset which holds all
information necessary for a task to switch to a new set of namespaces
atomically. Fwiw, with this change a pidfd becomes the only token
needed to interact with a container. I'm expecting this to be
picked-up by util-linux for nsenter rather soon.
Associated with this change is a shiny new test-suite dedicated to
setns() (for pidfds and nsfds alike)"
* tag 'threads-v5.8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brauner/linux:
selftests/pidfd: add pidfd setns tests
nsproxy: attach to namespaces via pidfds
nsproxy: add struct nsset
When running with conntrack rules, the dropped overlap fragments may cause
EPERM to be returned to sendto. Instead of completely failing, just ignore
those errors and continue. If this causes packets with overlap fragments to
be dropped as expected, that is okay. And if it causes packets that are
expected to be received to be dropped, which should not happen, it will be
detected as failure.
Signed-off-by: Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo <cascardo@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Merge tag 'for-5.8/block-2020-06-01' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block
Pull block updates from Jens Axboe:
"Core block changes that have been queued up for this release:
- Remove dead blk-throttle and blk-wbt code (Guoqing)
- Include pid in blktrace note traces (Jan)
- Don't spew I/O errors on wouldblock termination (me)
- Zone append addition (Johannes, Keith, Damien)
- IO accounting improvements (Konstantin, Christoph)
- blk-mq hardware map update improvements (Ming)
- Scheduler dispatch improvement (Salman)
- Inline block encryption support (Satya)
- Request map fixes and improvements (Weiping)
- blk-iocost tweaks (Tejun)
- Fix for timeout failing with error injection (Keith)
- Queue re-run fixes (Douglas)
- CPU hotplug improvements (Christoph)
- Queue entry/exit improvements (Christoph)
- Move DMA drain handling to the few drivers that use it (Christoph)
- Partition handling cleanups (Christoph)"
* tag 'for-5.8/block-2020-06-01' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (127 commits)
block: mark bio_wouldblock_error() bio with BIO_QUIET
blk-wbt: rename __wbt_update_limits to wbt_update_limits
blk-wbt: remove wbt_update_limits
blk-throttle: remove tg_drain_bios
blk-throttle: remove blk_throtl_drain
null_blk: force complete for timeout request
blk-mq: drain I/O when all CPUs in a hctx are offline
blk-mq: add blk_mq_all_tag_iter
blk-mq: open code __blk_mq_alloc_request in blk_mq_alloc_request_hctx
blk-mq: use BLK_MQ_NO_TAG in more places
blk-mq: rename BLK_MQ_TAG_FAIL to BLK_MQ_NO_TAG
blk-mq: move more request initialization to blk_mq_rq_ctx_init
blk-mq: simplify the blk_mq_get_request calling convention
blk-mq: remove the bio argument to ->prepare_request
nvme: force complete cancelled requests
blk-mq: blk-mq: provide forced completion method
block: fix a warning when blkdev.h is included for !CONFIG_BLOCK builds
block: blk-crypto-fallback: remove redundant initialization of variable err
block: reduce part_stat_lock() scope
block: use __this_cpu_add() instead of access by smp_processor_id()
...
This series adds a selftest for hmm_range_fault() and several of the
DEVICE_PRIVATE migration related actions, and another simplification for
hmm_range_fault()'s API.
- Simplify hmm_range_fault() with a simpler return code, no
HMM_PFN_SPECIAL, and no customizable output PFN format
- Add a selftest for hmm_range_fault() and DEVICE_PRIVATE related
functionality
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Merge tag 'for-linus-hmm' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rdma/rdma
Pull hmm updates from Jason Gunthorpe:
"This series adds a selftest for hmm_range_fault() and several of the
DEVICE_PRIVATE migration related actions, and another simplification
for hmm_range_fault()'s API.
- Simplify hmm_range_fault() with a simpler return code, no
HMM_PFN_SPECIAL, and no customizable output PFN format
- Add a selftest for hmm_range_fault() and DEVICE_PRIVATE related
functionality"
* tag 'for-linus-hmm' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rdma/rdma:
MAINTAINERS: add HMM selftests
mm/hmm/test: add selftests for HMM
mm/hmm/test: add selftest driver for HMM
mm/hmm: remove the customizable pfn format from hmm_range_fault
mm/hmm: remove HMM_PFN_SPECIAL
drm/amdgpu: remove dead code after hmm_range_fault()
mm/hmm: make hmm_range_fault return 0 or -1
- Rework the system-wide PM driver flags to make them easier to
understand and use and update their documentation (Rafael Wysocki,
Alan Stern).
- Allow cpuidle governors to be switched at run time regardless of
the kernel configuration and update the related documentation
accordingly (Hanjun Guo).
- Improve the resume device handling in the user space hibernarion
interface code (Domenico Andreoli).
- Document the intel-speed-select sysfs interface (Srinivas
Pandruvada).
- Make the ACPI code handing suspend to idle print more debug
messages to help diagnose issues with it (Rafael Wysocki).
- Fix a helper routine in the cpufreq core and correct a typo in
the struct cpufreq_driver kerneldoc comment (Rafael Wysocki, Wang
Wenhu).
- Update cpufreq drivers:
* Make the intel_pstate driver start in the passive mode by
default on systems without HWP (Rafael Wysocki).
* Add i.MX7ULP support to the imx-cpufreq-dt driver and add
i.MX7ULP to the cpufreq-dt-platdev blacklist (Peng Fan).
* Convert the qoriq cpufreq driver to a platform one, make the
platform code create a suitable device object for it and add
platform dependencies to it (Mian Yousaf Kaukab, Geert
Uytterhoeven).
* Fix wrong compatible binding in the qcom driver (Ansuel Smith).
* Build the omap driver by default for ARCH_OMAP2PLUS (Anders
Roxell).
* Add r8a7742 SoC support to the dt cpufreq driver (Lad Prabhakar).
- Update cpuidle core and drivers:
* Fix three reference count leaks in error code paths in the
cpuidle core (Qiushi Wu).
* Convert Qualcomm SPM to a generic cpuidle driver (Stephan
Gerhold).
* Fix up the execution order when entering a domain idle state in
the PSCI driver (Ulf Hansson).
- Fix a reference counting issue related to clock management and
clean up two oddities in the PM-runtime framework (Rafael Wysocki,
Andy Shevchenko).
- Add ElkhartLake support to the Intel RAPL power capping driver
and remove an unused local MSR definition from it (Jacob Pan,
Sumeet Pawnikar).
- Update devfreq core and drivers:
* Replace strncpy() with strscpy() in the devfreq core and use
lockdep asserts instead of manual checks for a locked mutex in
it (Dmitry Osipenko, Krzysztof Kozlowski).
* Add a generic imx bus scaling driver and make it register an
interconnect device (Leonard Crestez, Gustavo A. R. Silva).
* Make the cpufreq notifier in the tegra30 driver take boosting
into account and delete an unuseful error message from that
driver (Dmitry Osipenko, Markus Elfring).
- Remove unneeded semicolon from the cpupower code (Zou Wei).
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Merge tag 'pm-5.8-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm
Pull power management updates from Rafael Wysocki:
"These rework the system-wide PM driver flags, make runtime switching
of cpuidle governors easier, improve the user space hibernation
interface code, add intel-speed-select interface documentation, add
more debug messages to the ACPI code handling suspend to idle, update
the cpufreq core and drivers, fix a minor issue in the cpuidle core
and update two cpuidle drivers, improve the PM-runtime framework,
update the Intel RAPL power capping driver, update devfreq core and
drivers, and clean up the cpupower utility.
Specifics:
- Rework the system-wide PM driver flags to make them easier to
understand and use and update their documentation (Rafael Wysocki,
Alan Stern).
- Allow cpuidle governors to be switched at run time regardless of
the kernel configuration and update the related documentation
accordingly (Hanjun Guo).
- Improve the resume device handling in the user space hibernarion
interface code (Domenico Andreoli).
- Document the intel-speed-select sysfs interface (Srinivas
Pandruvada).
- Make the ACPI code handing suspend to idle print more debug
messages to help diagnose issues with it (Rafael Wysocki).
- Fix a helper routine in the cpufreq core and correct a typo in the
struct cpufreq_driver kerneldoc comment (Rafael Wysocki, Wang
Wenhu).
- Update cpufreq drivers:
- Make the intel_pstate driver start in the passive mode by
default on systems without HWP (Rafael Wysocki).
- Add i.MX7ULP support to the imx-cpufreq-dt driver and add
i.MX7ULP to the cpufreq-dt-platdev blacklist (Peng Fan).
- Convert the qoriq cpufreq driver to a platform one, make the
platform code create a suitable device object for it and add
platform dependencies to it (Mian Yousaf Kaukab, Geert
Uytterhoeven).
- Fix wrong compatible binding in the qcom driver (Ansuel Smith).
- Build the omap driver by default for ARCH_OMAP2PLUS (Anders
Roxell).
- Add r8a7742 SoC support to the dt cpufreq driver (Lad
Prabhakar).
- Update cpuidle core and drivers:
- Fix three reference count leaks in error code paths in the
cpuidle core (Qiushi Wu).
- Convert Qualcomm SPM to a generic cpuidle driver (Stephan
Gerhold).
- Fix up the execution order when entering a domain idle state in
the PSCI driver (Ulf Hansson).
- Fix a reference counting issue related to clock management and
clean up two oddities in the PM-runtime framework (Rafael Wysocki,
Andy Shevchenko).
- Add ElkhartLake support to the Intel RAPL power capping driver and
remove an unused local MSR definition from it (Jacob Pan, Sumeet
Pawnikar).
- Update devfreq core and drivers:
- Replace strncpy() with strscpy() in the devfreq core and use
lockdep asserts instead of manual checks for a locked mutex in
it (Dmitry Osipenko, Krzysztof Kozlowski).
- Add a generic imx bus scaling driver and make it register an
interconnect device (Leonard Crestez, Gustavo A. R. Silva).
- Make the cpufreq notifier in the tegra30 driver take boosting
into account and delete an unuseful error message from that
driver (Dmitry Osipenko, Markus Elfring).
- Remove unneeded semicolon from the cpupower code (Zou Wei)"
* tag 'pm-5.8-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (51 commits)
cpuidle: Fix three reference count leaks
PM: runtime: Replace pm_runtime_callbacks_present()
PM / devfreq: Use lockdep asserts instead of manual checks for locked mutex
PM / devfreq: imx-bus: Fix inconsistent IS_ERR and PTR_ERR
PM / devfreq: Replace strncpy with strscpy
PM / devfreq: imx: Register interconnect device
PM / devfreq: Add generic imx bus scaling driver
PM / devfreq: tegra30: Delete an error message in tegra_devfreq_probe()
PM / devfreq: tegra30: Make CPUFreq notifier to take into account boosting
PM: hibernate: Restrict writes to the resume device
PM: runtime: clk: Fix clk_pm_runtime_get() error path
cpuidle: Convert Qualcomm SPM driver to a generic CPUidle driver
ACPI: EC: PM: s2idle: Extend GPE dispatching debug message
ACPI: PM: s2idle: Print type of wakeup debug messages
powercap: RAPL: remove unused local MSR define
PM: runtime: Make clear what we do when conditions are wrong in rpm_suspend()
Documentation: admin-guide: pm: Document intel-speed-select
PM: hibernate: Split off snapshot dev option
PM: hibernate: Incorporate concurrency handling
Documentation: ABI: make current_governer_ro as a candidate for removal
...
When using make kselftest TARGETS=bpf, tools/bpf is built with
MAKEFLAGS=rR, which causes $(CXX) to be undefined, which in turn causes
the build to fail with
CXX test_cpp
/bin/sh: 2: g: not found
Fix by adding a default $(CXX) value, like tools/build/feature/Makefile
already does.
Signed-off-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200602175649.2501580-3-iii@linux.ibm.com
When using make kselftest TARGETS=bpf, tools/bpf is built with
MAKEFLAGS=rR, which causes $(COMPILE.c) to be undefined, which in turn
causes the build to fail with
CC kselftest/bpf/tools/build/bpftool/map_perf_ring.o
/bin/sh: 1: -MMD: not found
Fix by using $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c instead of $(COMPILE.c).
Signed-off-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200602175649.2501580-2-iii@linux.ibm.com
* Add a support of the media keys on the ASUS laptop UX325JA/UX425JA
* ASUS WMI driver can now handle 2-in-1 models T100TA, T100CHI, T100HA, T200TA
* Big refactoring of Intel SCU driver with Elkhart Lake support has been added
* Slim Bootloarder firmware update signaling WMI driver has been added
* Thinkpad ACPI driver can handle dual fan configuration on new P and X models
* Touchscreen DMI driver has been extended to support
- MP-man MPWIN895CL tablet
- ONDA V891 v5 tablet
- techBite Arc 11.6
- Trekstor Twin 10.1
- Trekstor Yourbook C11B
- Vinga J116
* Virtual Button driver got a few fixes to detect mode of 2-in-1 tablet models
* Intel Speed Select tools update
* Plenty of small cleanups here and there
The following is an automated git shortlog grouped by driver:
acerhdf:
- replace space by * in modalias
New drivers:
- Add Elkhart Lake SCU/PMC support
- Add Slim Bootloader firmware update signaling driver
asus-laptop:
- Drop duplicate check for led_classdev_unregister()
asus-nb-wmi:
- Revert "Do not load on Asus T100TA and T200TA"
- Do not load on Asus T100TA and T200TA
asus-wmi:
- Ignore WMI events with code 0x79
- Add support for SW_TABLET_MODE
- Move asus_wmi_input_init and _exit lower in the file
- Drop duplicate check for led_classdev_unregister()
- Reserve more space for struct bias_args
- remove redundant initialization of variable status
dcdbas:
- Check SMBIOS for protected buffer address
dell-laptop:
- don't register micmute LED if there is no token
dell-wmi:
- Ignore keyboard attached / detached events
device property:
- export set_secondary_fwnode() to modules
eeepc-laptop:
- Drop duplicate check for led_classdev_unregister()
hp-wmi:
- Introduce HPWMI_POWER_FW_OR_HW as convenient shortcut
- Convert simple_strtoul() to kstrtou32()
- Refactor postcode_store() to follow standard patterns
intel_cht_int33fe:
- Fix spelling issues
- Switch to use acpi_dev_hid_uid_match()
- Convert to use set_secondary_fwnode()
- Convert software node array to group
intel-hid:
- Add a quirk to support HP Spectre X2 (2015)
intel_mid_powerbtn:
- Convert to use new SCU IPC API
intel_pmc_core:
- avoid unused-function warnings
- Change Jasper Lake S0ix debug reg map back to ICL
intel_pmc_ipc:
- Convert to MFD
- Move PCI IDs to intel_scu_pcidrv.c
- Drop intel_pmc_ipc_command()
- Start using SCU IPC
intel_scu_ipc:
- Add managed function to register SCU IPC
- Introduce new SCU IPC API
- Move legacy SCU IPC API to a separate header
- Log more information if SCU IPC command fails
- Split out SCU IPC functionality from the SCU driver
intel_scu_ipcutil:
- Convert to use new SCU IPC API
intel-speed-select:
- Fix speed-select-base-freq-properties output on CLX-N
intel_telemetry:
- Add telemetry_get_pltdata()
- Convert to use new SCU IPC API
intel-vbtn:
- Only blacklist SW_TABLET_MODE on the 9 / "Laptop" chasis-type
- Detect switch position before registering the input-device
- Move detect_tablet_mode() to higher in the file
- Fix probe failure on devices with only switches
- Also handle tablet-mode switch on "Detachable" and "Portable" chassis-types
- Do not advertise switches to userspace if they are not there
- Split keymap into buttons and switches parts
- Use acpi_evaluate_integer()
ISST:
- Increase timeout
lg-laptop:
- Drop duplicate check for led_classdev_unregister()
MAINTAINERS:
- Add me as maintainer of Intel SCU drivers
- Update entry for Intel Broxton PMC driver
Merges of immutable branches:
- Merge branch 'for-next'
- Merge branch 'ib-mfd-x86-usb-watchdog-v5.7'
- Merge branch 'ib-pdx86-properties'
mfd:
- intel_soc_pmic_mrfld: Convert to use new SCU IPC API
- intel_soc_pmic_bxtwc: Convert to use new SCU IPC API
- intel_soc_pmic: Add SCU IPC member to struct intel_soc_pmic
samsung-laptop:
- Drop duplicate check for led_classdev_unregister()
software node:
- Allow register and unregister software node groups
sony-laptop:
- Make resuming thermal profile safer
- SNC calls should handle BUFFER types
thinkpad_acpi:
- Replace custom approach by kstrtoint()
- Use strndup_user() in dispatch_proc_write()
- Replace next_cmd(&buf) with strsep(&buf, ",")
- Drop duplicate check for led_classdev_unregister()
- Remove always false 'value < 0' statement
- Add support for dual fan control
tools/power/x86/intel-speed-select:
- Fix invalid core mask
- Increase CPU count
- Fix json perf-profile output output
- Update version
- Enable clos for turbo-freq enable
- Fix CLX-N package information output
- Check support status before enable
- Change debug to error
toshiba_acpi:
- Drop duplicate check for led_classdev_unregister()
touchscreen_dmi:
- Update Trekstor Twin 10.1 entry
- Add info for the Trekstor Yourbook C11B
- Drop comma in terminator line
- add Vinga J116 touchscreen
- Add info for the ONDA V891 v5 tablet
- Add touchscreen info for techBite Arc 11.6.
- Add info for the MP-man MPWIN895CL tablet
usb:
- typec: mux: Convert the Intel PMC Mux driver to use new SCU IPC API
watchdog:
- iTCO: fix link error
- intel-mid_wdt: Convert to use new SCU IPC API
wmi:
- Describe function parameters
- Fix indentation in some cases
- Replace UUID redefinitions by their originals
x86/platform/intel-mid:
- Add empty stubs for intel_scu_devices_[create|destroy]()
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Merge tag 'platform-drivers-x86-v5.8-1' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-platform-drivers-x86
Pull x86 platform driver updates from Andy Shevchenko:
- Add a support of the media keys on the ASUS laptop UX325JA/UX425JA
- ASUS WMI driver can now handle 2-in-1 models T100TA, T100CHI, T100HA,
T200TA
- Big refactoring of Intel SCU driver with Elkhart Lake support has
been added
- Slim Bootloarder firmware update signaling WMI driver has been added
- Thinkpad ACPI driver can handle dual fan configuration on new P and X
models
- Touchscreen DMI driver has been extended to support
- MP-man MPWIN895CL tablet
- ONDA V891 v5 tablet
- techBite Arc 11.6
- Trekstor Twin 10.1
- Trekstor Yourbook C11B
- Vinga J116
- Virtual Button driver got a few fixes to detect mode of 2-in-1 tablet
models
- Intel Speed Select tools update
- Plenty of small cleanups here and there
* tag 'platform-drivers-x86-v5.8-1' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-platform-drivers-x86: (89 commits)
platform/x86: dcdbas: Check SMBIOS for protected buffer address
platform/x86: asus_wmi: Reserve more space for struct bias_args
platform/x86: intel-vbtn: Only blacklist SW_TABLET_MODE on the 9 / "Laptop" chasis-type
platform/x86: intel-hid: Add a quirk to support HP Spectre X2 (2015)
platform/x86: touchscreen_dmi: Update Trekstor Twin 10.1 entry
platform/x86: touchscreen_dmi: Add info for the Trekstor Yourbook C11B
platform/x86: hp-wmi: Introduce HPWMI_POWER_FW_OR_HW as convenient shortcut
platform/x86: hp-wmi: Convert simple_strtoul() to kstrtou32()
platform/x86: hp-wmi: Refactor postcode_store() to follow standard patterns
platform/x86: acerhdf: replace space by * in modalias
platform/x86: ISST: Increase timeout
tools/power/x86/intel-speed-select: Fix invalid core mask
tools/power/x86/intel-speed-select: Increase CPU count
tools/power/x86/intel-speed-select: Fix json perf-profile output output
platform/x86: dell-wmi: Ignore keyboard attached / detached events
platform/x86: dell-laptop: don't register micmute LED if there is no token
platform/x86: thinkpad_acpi: Replace custom approach by kstrtoint()
platform/x86: thinkpad_acpi: Use strndup_user() in dispatch_proc_write()
platform/x86: thinkpad_acpi: Replace next_cmd(&buf) with strsep(&buf, ",")
platform/x86: intel-vbtn: Detect switch position before registering the input-device
...
Since commit 0ebeea8ca8 ("bpf: Restrict bpf_probe_read{, str}() only to
archs where they work") 44 verifier tests fail on s390 due to not having
bpf_probe_read anymore. Fix by using bpf_probe_read_kernel.
Signed-off-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200602174448.2501214-1-iii@linux.ibm.com
Adjust verifier test due to addition of new field.
Fixes: c3c16f2ea6 ("bpf: Add rx_queue_mapping to bpf_sock")
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Make sample_cnt volatile to fix possible selftests failure due to compiler
optimization preventing latest sample_cnt value to be visible to main thread.
sample_cnt is incremented in background thread, which is then joined into main
thread. So in terms of visibility sample_cnt update is ok. But because it's
not volatile, compiler might make optimizations that would prevent main thread
to see latest updated value. Fix this by marking global variable volatile.
Fixes: cb1c9ddd55 ("selftests/bpf: Add BPF ringbuf selftests")
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200602050349.215037-1-andriin@fb.com
Adapt bpf_skb_adjust_room() to pass in BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_NO_CSUM_RESET flag and
use the new bpf_csum_level() helper to inc/dec the checksum level by one after
the encap/decap.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/e7458f10e3f3d795307cbc5ad870112671d9c6f7.1591108731.git.daniel@iogearbox.net
Add a bpf_csum_level() helper which BPF programs can use in combination
with bpf_skb_adjust_room() when they pass in BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_NO_CSUM_RESET
flag to the latter to avoid falling back to CHECKSUM_NONE.
The bpf_csum_level() allows to adjust CHECKSUM_UNNECESSARY skb->csum_levels
via BPF_CSUM_LEVEL_{INC,DEC} which calls __skb_{incr,decr}_checksum_unnecessary()
on the skb. The helper also allows a BPF_CSUM_LEVEL_RESET which sets the skb's
csum to CHECKSUM_NONE as well as a BPF_CSUM_LEVEL_QUERY to just return the
current level. Without this helper, there is no way to otherwise adjust the
skb->csum_level. I did not add an extra dummy flags as there is plenty of free
bitspace in level argument itself iff ever needed in future.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Alan Maguire <alan.maguire@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/279ae3717cb3d03c0ffeb511493c93c450a01e1a.1591108731.git.daniel@iogearbox.net
Lorenz recently reported:
In our TC classifier cls_redirect [0], we use the following sequence of
helper calls to decapsulate a GUE (basically IP + UDP + custom header)
encapsulated packet:
bpf_skb_adjust_room(skb, -encap_len, BPF_ADJ_ROOM_MAC, BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_FIXED_GSO)
bpf_redirect(skb->ifindex, BPF_F_INGRESS)
It seems like some checksums of the inner headers are not validated in
this case. For example, a TCP SYN packet with invalid TCP checksum is
still accepted by the network stack and elicits a SYN ACK. [...]
That is, we receive the following packet from the driver:
| ETH | IP | UDP | GUE | IP | TCP |
skb->ip_summed == CHECKSUM_UNNECESSARY
ip_summed is CHECKSUM_UNNECESSARY because our NICs do rx checksum offloading.
On this packet we run skb_adjust_room_mac(-encap_len), and get the following:
| ETH | IP | TCP |
skb->ip_summed == CHECKSUM_UNNECESSARY
Note that ip_summed is still CHECKSUM_UNNECESSARY. After bpf_redirect()'ing
into the ingress, we end up in tcp_v4_rcv(). There, skb_checksum_init() is
turned into a no-op due to CHECKSUM_UNNECESSARY.
The bpf_skb_adjust_room() helper is not aware of protocol specifics. Internally,
it handles the CHECKSUM_COMPLETE case via skb_postpull_rcsum(), but that does
not cover CHECKSUM_UNNECESSARY. In this case skb->csum_level of the original
skb prior to bpf_skb_adjust_room() call was 0, that is, covering UDP. Right now
there is no way to adjust the skb->csum_level. NICs that have checksum offload
disabled (CHECKSUM_NONE) or that support CHECKSUM_COMPLETE are not affected.
Use a safe default for CHECKSUM_UNNECESSARY by resetting to CHECKSUM_NONE and
add a flag to the helper called BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_NO_CSUM_RESET that allows users
from opting out. Opting out is useful for the case where we don't remove/add
full protocol headers, or for the case where a user wants to adjust the csum
level manually e.g. through bpf_csum_level() helper that is added in subsequent
patch.
The bpf_skb_proto_{4_to_6,6_to_4}() for NAT64/46 translation from the BPF
bpf_skb_change_proto() helper uses bpf_skb_net_hdr_{push,pop}() pair internally
as well but doesn't change layers, only transitions between v4 to v6 and vice
versa, therefore no adoption is required there.
[0] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200424185556.7358-1-lmb@cloudflare.com/
Fixes: 2be7e212d5 ("bpf: add bpf_skb_adjust_room helper")
Reported-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com>
Reported-by: Alan Maguire <alan.maguire@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Alan Maguire <alan.maguire@oracle.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/CACAyw9-uU_52esMd1JjuA80fRPHJv5vsSg8GnfW3t_qDU4aVKQ@mail.gmail.com/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/11a90472e7cce83e76ddbfce81fdfce7bfc68808.1591108731.git.daniel@iogearbox.net
Fix config file to require CONFIG_TEST_SYSCTL=m instead of y
because this driver introduces a test sysctl interfaces which
are normally not used, and only used for the selftest.
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Fix to load test_sysctl.ko module correctly.
sysctl.sh checks whether the test module is embedded (or loaded
already) or not at first, and if not, it returns skip error
instead of trying modprobe. Thus, there is no chance to load the
test_sysctl test module.
Instead, this removes that module embedded check and returns
skip error only if it ensures that there is no embedded test
module *and* no loadable test module.
This also avoid referring config file since that is not
installed.
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
There exists some duplicated includes in tools/perf, remove them.
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: xuefeng li <lixuefeng@loongson.cn>
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1591071304-19338-2-git-send-email-yangtiezhu@loongson.cn
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Jin Yao reported the issue (and posted first versions of this change)
with groups being defined over events with different cpu mask.
This causes assert aborts in get_group_fd, like:
# perf stat -M "C2_Pkg_Residency" -a -- sleep 1
perf: util/evsel.c:1464: get_group_fd: Assertion `!(fd == -1)' failed.
Aborted
All the events in the group have to be defined over the same cpus so the
group_fd can be found for every leader/member pair.
Adding check to ensure this condition is met and removing the group
(with warning) if we detect mixed cpus, like:
$ sudo perf stat -e '{power/energy-cores/,cycles},{instructions,power/energy-cores/}'
WARNING: event cpu maps do not match, disabling group:
anon group { power/energy-cores/, cycles }
anon group { instructions, power/energy-cores/ }
Ian asked also for cpu maps details, it's displayed in verbose mode:
$ sudo perf stat -e '{cycles,power/energy-cores/}' -v
WARNING: group events cpu maps do not match, disabling group:
anon group { power/energy-cores/, cycles }
power/energy-cores/: 0
cycles: 0-7
anon group { instructions, power/energy-cores/ }
instructions: 0-7
power/energy-cores/: 0
Committer testing:
[root@seventh ~]# perf stat -e '{power/energy-cores/,cycles},{instructions,power/energy-cores/}'
WARNING: grouped events cpus do not match, disabling group:
anon group { power/energy-cores/, cycles }
anon group { instructions, power/energy-cores/ }
^C
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
12.62 Joules power/energy-cores/
106,920,637 cycles
80,228,899 instructions # 0.75 insn per cycle
12.62 Joules power/energy-cores/
14.514476987 seconds time elapsed
[root@seventh ~]#
But if we put compatible events in each group it works:
[root@seventh ~]# perf stat -e '{power/energy-cores/,power/energy-ram/},{instructions,cycles}' -a sleep 2
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
1.95 Joules power/energy-cores/
0.92 Joules power/energy-ram/
29,305,715 instructions # 1.03 insn per cycle
28,423,338 cycles
2.001438142 seconds time elapsed
[root@seventh ~]#
This needs improvement tho:
[root@seventh ~]# perf stat -e '{power/energy-cores/,power/energy-ram/},{instructions,cycles}' sleep 2
Error:
The sys_perf_event_open() syscall returned with 22 (Invalid argument) for event (power/energy-cores/).
/bin/dmesg | grep -i perf may provide additional information.
[root@seventh ~]#
We need to emit a better message, one stating that the power/ events
can't be used for a specific workload, instead it is per-cpu or system
wide.
Fixes: 6a4bb04caa ("perf tools: Enable grouping logic for parsed events")
Co-developed-by: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200602101736.GE1112120@krava
Signed-off-by: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Pull vfs updates from Al Viro:
"Assorted patches from Miklos.
An interesting part here is /proc/mounts stuff..."
The "/proc/mounts stuff" is using a cursor for keeeping the location
data while traversing the mount listing.
Also probably worth noting is the addition of faccessat2(), which takes
an additional set of flags to specify how the lookup is done
(AT_EACCESS, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW, AT_EMPTY_PATH).
* 'from-miklos' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
vfs: add faccessat2 syscall
vfs: don't parse "silent" option
vfs: don't parse "posixacl" option
vfs: don't parse forbidden flags
statx: add mount_root
statx: add mount ID
statx: don't clear STATX_ATIME on SB_RDONLY
uapi: deprecate STATX_ALL
utimensat: AT_EMPTY_PATH support
vfs: split out access_override_creds()
proc/mounts: add cursor
aio: fix async fsync creds
vfs: allow unprivileged whiteout creation
set from Mauro toward the completion of the RST conversion. I *really*
hope we are getting close to the end of this. Meanwhile, those patches
reach pretty far afield to update document references around the tree;
there should be no actual code changes there. There will be, alas, more of
the usual trivial merge conflicts.
Beyond that we have more translations, improvements to the sphinx
scripting, a number of additions to the sysctl documentation, and lots of
fixes.
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Merge tag 'docs-5.8' of git://git.lwn.net/linux
Pull documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet:
"A fair amount of stuff this time around, dominated by yet another
massive set from Mauro toward the completion of the RST conversion. I
*really* hope we are getting close to the end of this. Meanwhile,
those patches reach pretty far afield to update document references
around the tree; there should be no actual code changes there. There
will be, alas, more of the usual trivial merge conflicts.
Beyond that we have more translations, improvements to the sphinx
scripting, a number of additions to the sysctl documentation, and lots
of fixes"
* tag 'docs-5.8' of git://git.lwn.net/linux: (130 commits)
Documentation: fixes to the maintainer-entry-profile template
zswap: docs/vm: Fix typo accept_threshold_percent in zswap.rst
tracing: Fix events.rst section numbering
docs: acpi: fix old http link and improve document format
docs: filesystems: add info about efivars content
Documentation: LSM: Correct the basic LSM description
mailmap: change email for Ricardo Ribalda
docs: sysctl/kernel: document unaligned controls
Documentation: admin-guide: update bug-hunting.rst
docs: sysctl/kernel: document ngroups_max
nvdimm: fixes to maintainter-entry-profile
Documentation/features: Correct RISC-V kprobes support entry
Documentation/features: Refresh the arch support status files
Revert "docs: sysctl/kernel: document ngroups_max"
docs: move locking-specific documents to locking/
docs: move digsig docs to the security book
docs: move the kref doc into the core-api book
docs: add IRQ documentation at the core-api book
docs: debugging-via-ohci1394.txt: add it to the core-api book
docs: fix references for ipmi.rst file
...
Extend the existing flow_dissector test case to run tests once using direct
prog attachments, and then for the second time using indirect attachment
via link.
The intention is to exercises the newly added high-level API for attaching
programs to network namespace with links (bpf_program__attach_netns).
Signed-off-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200531082846.2117903-13-jakub@cloudflare.com
Switch flow dissector test setup from custom BPF object loader to BPF
skeleton to save boilerplate and prepare for testing higher-level API for
attaching flow dissector with bpf_link.
To avoid depending on program order in the BPF object when populating the
flow dissector PROG_ARRAY map, change the program section names to contain
the program index into the map. This follows the example set by tailcall
tests.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200531082846.2117903-12-jakub@cloudflare.com
test_flow_dissector leaves a TAP device after it's finished, potentially
interfering with other tests that will run after it. Fix it by closing the
TAP descriptor on cleanup.
Fixes: 0905beec9f ("selftests/bpf: run flow dissector tests in skb-less mode")
Signed-off-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200531082846.2117903-11-jakub@cloudflare.com
Extend the existing test case for flow dissector attaching to cover:
- link creation,
- link updates,
- link info querying,
- mixing links with direct prog attachment.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200531082846.2117903-10-jakub@cloudflare.com
Code for printing link attach_type is duplicated in a couple of places, and
likely will be duplicated for future link types as well. Create helpers to
prevent duplication.
Suggested-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200531082846.2117903-8-jakub@cloudflare.com
Add bpf_program__attach_nets(), which uses LINK_CREATE subcommand to create
an FD-based kernel bpf_link, for attach types tied to network namespace,
that is BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR for the moment.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200531082846.2117903-7-jakub@cloudflare.com
Extend bpf() syscall subcommands that operate on bpf_link, that is
LINK_CREATE, LINK_UPDATE, OBJ_GET_INFO, to accept attach types tied to
network namespaces (only flow dissector at the moment).
Link-based and prog-based attachment can be used interchangeably, but only
one can exist at a time. Attempts to attach a link when a prog is already
attached directly, and the other way around, will be met with -EEXIST.
Attempts to detach a program when link exists result in -EINVAL.
Attachment of multiple links of same attach type to one netns is not
supported with the intention to lift the restriction when a use-case
presents itself. Because of that link create returns -E2BIG when trying to
create another netns link, when one already exists.
Link-based attachments to netns don't keep a netns alive by holding a ref
to it. Instead links get auto-detached from netns when the latter is being
destroyed, using a pernet pre_exit callback.
When auto-detached, link lives in defunct state as long there are open FDs
for it. -ENOLINK is returned if a user tries to update a defunct link.
Because bpf_link to netns doesn't hold a ref to struct net, special care is
taken when releasing, updating, or filling link info. The netns might be
getting torn down when any of these link operations are in progress. That
is why auto-detach and update/release/fill_info are synchronized by the
same mutex. Also, link ops have to always check if auto-detach has not
happened yet and if netns is still alive (refcnt > 0).
Signed-off-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200531082846.2117903-5-jakub@cloudflare.com
- Branch Target Identification (BTI)
* Support for ARMv8.5-BTI in both user- and kernel-space. This
allows branch targets to limit the types of branch from which
they can be called and additionally prevents branching to
arbitrary code, although kernel support requires a very recent
toolchain.
* Function annotation via SYM_FUNC_START() so that assembly
functions are wrapped with the relevant "landing pad"
instructions.
* BPF and vDSO updates to use the new instructions.
* Addition of a new HWCAP and exposure of BTI capability to
userspace via ID register emulation, along with ELF loader
support for the BTI feature in .note.gnu.property.
* Non-critical fixes to CFI unwind annotations in the sigreturn
trampoline.
- Shadow Call Stack (SCS)
* Support for Clang's Shadow Call Stack feature, which reserves
platform register x18 to point at a separate stack for each
task that holds only return addresses. This protects function
return control flow from buffer overruns on the main stack.
* Save/restore of x18 across problematic boundaries (user-mode,
hypervisor, EFI, suspend, etc).
* Core support for SCS, should other architectures want to use it
too.
* SCS overflow checking on context-switch as part of the existing
stack limit check if CONFIG_SCHED_STACK_END_CHECK=y.
- CPU feature detection
* Removed numerous "SANITY CHECK" errors when running on a system
with mismatched AArch32 support at EL1. This is primarily a
concern for KVM, which disabled support for 32-bit guests on
such a system.
* Addition of new ID registers and fields as the architecture has
been extended.
- Perf and PMU drivers
* Minor fixes and cleanups to system PMU drivers.
- Hardware errata
* Unify KVM workarounds for VHE and nVHE configurations.
* Sort vendor errata entries in Kconfig.
- Secure Monitor Call Calling Convention (SMCCC)
* Update to the latest specification from Arm (v1.2).
* Allow PSCI code to query the SMCCC version.
- Software Delegated Exception Interface (SDEI)
* Unexport a bunch of unused symbols.
* Minor fixes to handling of firmware data.
- Pointer authentication
* Add support for dumping the kernel PAC mask in vmcoreinfo so
that the stack can be unwound by tools such as kdump.
* Simplification of key initialisation during CPU bringup.
- BPF backend
* Improve immediate generation for logical and add/sub
instructions.
- vDSO
- Minor fixes to the linker flags for consistency with other
architectures and support for LLVM's unwinder.
- Clean up logic to initialise and map the vDSO into userspace.
- ACPI
- Work around for an ambiguity in the IORT specification relating
to the "num_ids" field.
- Support _DMA method for all named components rather than only
PCIe root complexes.
- Minor other IORT-related fixes.
- Miscellaneous
* Initialise debug traps early for KGDB and fix KDB cacheflushing
deadlock.
* Minor tweaks to early boot state (documentation update, set
TEXT_OFFSET to 0x0, increase alignment of PE/COFF sections).
* Refactoring and cleanup
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Merge tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux
Pull arm64 updates from Will Deacon:
"A sizeable pile of arm64 updates for 5.8.
Summary below, but the big two features are support for Branch Target
Identification and Clang's Shadow Call stack. The latter is currently
arm64-only, but the high-level parts are all in core code so it could
easily be adopted by other architectures pending toolchain support
Branch Target Identification (BTI):
- Support for ARMv8.5-BTI in both user- and kernel-space. This allows
branch targets to limit the types of branch from which they can be
called and additionally prevents branching to arbitrary code,
although kernel support requires a very recent toolchain.
- Function annotation via SYM_FUNC_START() so that assembly functions
are wrapped with the relevant "landing pad" instructions.
- BPF and vDSO updates to use the new instructions.
- Addition of a new HWCAP and exposure of BTI capability to userspace
via ID register emulation, along with ELF loader support for the
BTI feature in .note.gnu.property.
- Non-critical fixes to CFI unwind annotations in the sigreturn
trampoline.
Shadow Call Stack (SCS):
- Support for Clang's Shadow Call Stack feature, which reserves
platform register x18 to point at a separate stack for each task
that holds only return addresses. This protects function return
control flow from buffer overruns on the main stack.
- Save/restore of x18 across problematic boundaries (user-mode,
hypervisor, EFI, suspend, etc).
- Core support for SCS, should other architectures want to use it
too.
- SCS overflow checking on context-switch as part of the existing
stack limit check if CONFIG_SCHED_STACK_END_CHECK=y.
CPU feature detection:
- Removed numerous "SANITY CHECK" errors when running on a system
with mismatched AArch32 support at EL1. This is primarily a concern
for KVM, which disabled support for 32-bit guests on such a system.
- Addition of new ID registers and fields as the architecture has
been extended.
Perf and PMU drivers:
- Minor fixes and cleanups to system PMU drivers.
Hardware errata:
- Unify KVM workarounds for VHE and nVHE configurations.
- Sort vendor errata entries in Kconfig.
Secure Monitor Call Calling Convention (SMCCC):
- Update to the latest specification from Arm (v1.2).
- Allow PSCI code to query the SMCCC version.
Software Delegated Exception Interface (SDEI):
- Unexport a bunch of unused symbols.
- Minor fixes to handling of firmware data.
Pointer authentication:
- Add support for dumping the kernel PAC mask in vmcoreinfo so that
the stack can be unwound by tools such as kdump.
- Simplification of key initialisation during CPU bringup.
BPF backend:
- Improve immediate generation for logical and add/sub instructions.
vDSO:
- Minor fixes to the linker flags for consistency with other
architectures and support for LLVM's unwinder.
- Clean up logic to initialise and map the vDSO into userspace.
ACPI:
- Work around for an ambiguity in the IORT specification relating to
the "num_ids" field.
- Support _DMA method for all named components rather than only PCIe
root complexes.
- Minor other IORT-related fixes.
Miscellaneous:
- Initialise debug traps early for KGDB and fix KDB cacheflushing
deadlock.
- Minor tweaks to early boot state (documentation update, set
TEXT_OFFSET to 0x0, increase alignment of PE/COFF sections).
- Refactoring and cleanup"
* tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (148 commits)
KVM: arm64: Move __load_guest_stage2 to kvm_mmu.h
KVM: arm64: Check advertised Stage-2 page size capability
arm64/cpufeature: Add get_arm64_ftr_reg_nowarn()
ACPI/IORT: Remove the unused __get_pci_rid()
arm64/cpuinfo: Add ID_MMFR4_EL1 into the cpuinfo_arm64 context
arm64/cpufeature: Add remaining feature bits in ID_AA64PFR1 register
arm64/cpufeature: Add remaining feature bits in ID_AA64PFR0 register
arm64/cpufeature: Add remaining feature bits in ID_AA64ISAR0 register
arm64/cpufeature: Add remaining feature bits in ID_MMFR4 register
arm64/cpufeature: Add remaining feature bits in ID_PFR0 register
arm64/cpufeature: Introduce ID_MMFR5 CPU register
arm64/cpufeature: Introduce ID_DFR1 CPU register
arm64/cpufeature: Introduce ID_PFR2 CPU register
arm64/cpufeature: Make doublelock a signed feature in ID_AA64DFR0
arm64/cpufeature: Drop TraceFilt feature exposure from ID_DFR0 register
arm64/cpufeature: Add explicit ftr_id_isar0[] for ID_ISAR0 register
arm64: mm: Add asid_gen_match() helper
firmware: smccc: Fix missing prototype warning for arm_smccc_version_init
arm64: vdso: Fix CFI directives in sigreturn trampoline
arm64: vdso: Don't prefix sigreturn trampoline with a BTI C instruction
...
On systems with recent enough glibc, reallocarray compat won't kick in, so
reallocarray() itself has to come from stdlib.h include. But _GNU_SOURCE is
necessary to enable it. So add it.
Fixes: bf99c936f9 ("libbpf: Add BPF ring buffer support")
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200601202601.2139477-1-andriin@fb.com
This test intended to verify if SO_BINDTODEVICE option works in
bpf_setsockopt. Because we already in the SOL_SOCKET level in this
connect bpf prog its safe to verify the sanity in the beginning of
the connect_v4_prog by calling the bind_to_device test helper.
The testing environment already created by the test_sock_addr.sh
script so this test assume that two netdevices already existing in
the system: veth pair with names test_sock_addr1 and test_sock_addr2.
The test will try to bind the socket to those devices first.
Then the test assume there are no netdevice with "nonexistent_dev"
name so the bpf_setsockopt will give use ENODEV error.
At the end the test remove the device binding from the socket
by binding it to an empty name.
Signed-off-by: Ferenc Fejes <fejes@inf.elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/3f055b8e45c65639c5c73d0b4b6c589e60b86f15.1590871065.git.fejes@inf.elte.hu
This adds a test for bpf ingress policy. To ensure data writes happen
as expected with extra TLS headers we run these tests with data
verification enabled by default. This will test receive packets have
"PASS" stamped into the front of the payload.
Signed-off-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/159079363965.5745.3390806911628980210.stgit@john-Precision-5820-Tower
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Add tests to verify ability to add an XDP program to a
entry in a DEVMAP.
Add negative tests to show DEVMAP programs can not be
attached to devices as a normal XDP program, and accesses
to egress_ifindex require BPF_XDP_DEVMAP attach type.
Signed-off-by: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200529220716.75383-6-dsahern@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Support SEC("xdp_devmap*") as a short cut for loading the program with
type BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP and expected attach type BPF_XDP_DEVMAP.
Signed-off-by: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200529220716.75383-5-dsahern@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Add xdp_txq_info as the Tx counterpart to xdp_rxq_info. At the
moment only the device is added. Other fields (queue_index)
can be added as use cases arise.
>From a UAPI perspective, add egress_ifindex to xdp context for
bpf programs to see the Tx device.
Update the verifier to only allow accesses to egress_ifindex by
XDP programs with BPF_XDP_DEVMAP expected attach type.
Signed-off-by: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200529220716.75383-4-dsahern@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Add BPF_XDP_DEVMAP attach type for use with programs associated with a
DEVMAP entry.
Allow DEVMAPs to associate a program with a device entry by adding
a bpf_prog.fd to 'struct bpf_devmap_val'. Values read show the program
id, so the fd and id are a union. bpf programs can get access to the
struct via vmlinux.h.
The program associated with the fd must have type XDP with expected
attach type BPF_XDP_DEVMAP. When a program is associated with a device
index, the program is run on an XDP_REDIRECT and before the buffer is
added to the per-cpu queue. At this point rxq data is still valid; the
next patch adds tx device information allowing the prorgam to see both
ingress and egress device indices.
XDP generic is skb based and XDP programs do not work with skb's. Block
the use case by walking maps used by a program that is to be attached
via xdpgeneric and fail if any of them are DEVMAP / DEVMAP_HASH with
Block attach of BPF_XDP_DEVMAP programs to devices.
Signed-off-by: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200529220716.75383-3-dsahern@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Extend bench framework with ability to have benchmark-provided child argument
parser for custom benchmark-specific parameters. This makes bench generic code
modular and independent from any specific benchmark.
Also implement a set of benchmarks for new BPF ring buffer and existing perf
buffer. 4 benchmarks were implemented: 2 variations for each of BPF ringbuf
and perfbuf:,
- rb-libbpf utilizes stock libbpf ring_buffer manager for reading data;
- rb-custom implements custom ring buffer setup and reading code, to
eliminate overheads inherent in generic libbpf code due to callback
functions and the need to update consumer position after each consumed
record, instead of batching updates (due to pessimistic assumption that
user callback might take long time and thus could unnecessarily hold ring
buffer space for too long);
- pb-libbpf uses stock libbpf perf_buffer code with all the default
settings, though uses higher-performance raw event callback to minimize
unnecessary overhead;
- pb-custom implements its own custom consumer code to minimize any possible
overhead of generic libbpf implementation and indirect function calls.
All of the test support default, no data notification skipped, mode, as well
as sampled mode (with --rb-sampled flag), which allows to trigger epoll
notification less frequently and reduce overhead. As will be shown, this mode
is especially critical for perf buffer, which suffers from high overhead of
wakeups in kernel.
Otherwise, all benchamrks implement similar way to generate a batch of records
by using fentry/sys_getpgid BPF program, which pushes a bunch of records in
a tight loop and records number of successful and dropped samples. Each record
is a small 8-byte integer, to minimize the effect of memory copying with
bpf_perf_event_output() and bpf_ringbuf_output().
Benchmarks that have only one producer implement optional back-to-back mode,
in which record production and consumption is alternating on the same CPU.
This is the highest-throughput happy case, showing ultimate performance
achievable with either BPF ringbuf or perfbuf.
All the below scenarios are implemented in a script in
benchs/run_bench_ringbufs.sh. Tests were performed on 28-core/56-thread
Intel Xeon CPU E5-2680 v4 @ 2.40GHz CPU.
Single-producer, parallel producer
==================================
rb-libbpf 12.054 ± 0.320M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-custom 8.158 ± 0.118M/s (drops 0.001 ± 0.003M/s)
pb-libbpf 0.931 ± 0.007M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-custom 0.965 ± 0.003M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
Single-producer, parallel producer, sampled notification
========================================================
rb-libbpf 11.563 ± 0.067M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-custom 15.895 ± 0.076M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-libbpf 9.889 ± 0.032M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-custom 9.866 ± 0.028M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
Single producer on one CPU, consumer on another one, both running at full
speed. Curiously, rb-libbpf has higher throughput than objectively faster (due
to more lightweight consumer code path) rb-custom. It appears that faster
consumer causes kernel to send notifications more frequently, because consumer
appears to be caught up more frequently. Performance of perfbuf suffers from
default "no sampling" policy and huge overhead that causes.
In sampled mode, rb-custom is winning very significantly eliminating too
frequent in-kernel wakeups, the gain appears to be more than 2x.
Perf buffer achieves even more impressive wins, compared to stock perfbuf
settings, with 10x improvements in throughput with 1:500 sampling rate. The
trade-off is that with sampling, application might not get next X events until
X+1st arrives, which is not always acceptable. With steady influx of events,
though, this shouldn't be a problem.
Overall, single-producer performance of ring buffers seems to be better no
matter the sampled/non-sampled modes, but it especially beats ring buffer
without sampling due to its adaptive notification approach.
Single-producer, back-to-back mode
==================================
rb-libbpf 15.507 ± 0.247M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-libbpf-sampled 14.692 ± 0.195M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-custom 21.449 ± 0.157M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-custom-sampled 20.024 ± 0.386M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-libbpf 1.601 ± 0.015M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-libbpf-sampled 8.545 ± 0.064M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-custom 1.607 ± 0.022M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-custom-sampled 8.988 ± 0.144M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
Here we test a back-to-back mode, which is arguably best-case scenario both
for BPF ringbuf and perfbuf, because there is no contention and for ringbuf
also no excessive notification, because consumer appears to be behind after
the first record. For ringbuf, custom consumer code clearly wins with 21.5 vs
16 million records per second exchanged between producer and consumer. Sampled
mode actually hurts a bit due to slightly slower producer logic (it needs to
fetch amount of data available to decide whether to skip or force notification).
Perfbuf with wakeup sampling gets 5.5x throughput increase, compared to
no-sampling version. There also doesn't seem to be noticeable overhead from
generic libbpf handling code.
Perfbuf back-to-back, effect of sample rate
===========================================
pb-sampled-1 1.035 ± 0.012M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-sampled-5 3.476 ± 0.087M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-sampled-10 5.094 ± 0.136M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-sampled-25 7.118 ± 0.153M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-sampled-50 8.169 ± 0.156M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-sampled-100 8.887 ± 0.136M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-sampled-250 9.180 ± 0.209M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-sampled-500 9.353 ± 0.281M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-sampled-1000 9.411 ± 0.217M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-sampled-2000 9.464 ± 0.167M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-sampled-3000 9.575 ± 0.273M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
This benchmark shows the effect of event sampling for perfbuf. Back-to-back
mode for highest throughput. Just doing every 5th record notification gives
3.5x speed up. 250-500 appears to be the point of diminishing return, with
almost 9x speed up. Most benchmarks use 500 as the default sampling for pb-raw
and pb-custom.
Ringbuf back-to-back, effect of sample rate
===========================================
rb-sampled-1 1.106 ± 0.010M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-sampled-5 4.746 ± 0.149M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-sampled-10 7.706 ± 0.164M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-sampled-25 12.893 ± 0.273M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-sampled-50 15.961 ± 0.361M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-sampled-100 18.203 ± 0.445M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-sampled-250 19.962 ± 0.786M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-sampled-500 20.881 ± 0.551M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-sampled-1000 21.317 ± 0.532M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-sampled-2000 21.331 ± 0.535M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-sampled-3000 21.688 ± 0.392M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
Similar benchmark for ring buffer also shows a great advantage (in terms of
throughput) of skipping notifications. Skipping every 5th one gives 4x boost.
Also similar to perfbuf case, 250-500 seems to be the point of diminishing
returns, giving roughly 20x better results.
Keep in mind, for this test, notifications are controlled manually with
BPF_RB_NO_WAKEUP and BPF_RB_FORCE_WAKEUP. As can be seen from previous
benchmarks, adaptive notifications based on consumer's positions provides same
(or even slightly better due to simpler load generator on BPF side) benefits in
favorable back-to-back scenario. Over zealous and fast consumer, which is
almost always caught up, will make thoughput numbers smaller. That's the case
when manual notification control might prove to be extremely beneficial.
Ringbuf back-to-back, reserve+commit vs output
==============================================
reserve 22.819 ± 0.503M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
output 18.906 ± 0.433M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
Ringbuf sampled, reserve+commit vs output
=========================================
reserve-sampled 15.350 ± 0.132M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
output-sampled 14.195 ± 0.144M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
BPF ringbuf supports two sets of APIs with various usability and performance
tradeoffs: bpf_ringbuf_reserve()+bpf_ringbuf_commit() vs bpf_ringbuf_output().
This benchmark clearly shows superiority of reserve+commit approach, despite
using a small 8-byte record size.
Single-producer, consumer/producer competing on the same CPU, low batch count
=============================================================================
rb-libbpf 3.045 ± 0.020M/s (drops 3.536 ± 0.148M/s)
rb-custom 3.055 ± 0.022M/s (drops 3.893 ± 0.066M/s)
pb-libbpf 1.393 ± 0.024M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
pb-custom 1.407 ± 0.016M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
This benchmark shows one of the worst-case scenarios, in which producer and
consumer do not coordinate *and* fight for the same CPU. No batch count and
sampling settings were able to eliminate drops for ringbuffer, producer is
just too fast for consumer to keep up. But ringbuf and perfbuf still able to
pass through quite a lot of messages, which is more than enough for a lot of
applications.
Ringbuf, multi-producer contention
==================================
rb-libbpf nr_prod 1 10.916 ± 0.399M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-libbpf nr_prod 2 4.931 ± 0.030M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-libbpf nr_prod 3 4.880 ± 0.006M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-libbpf nr_prod 4 3.926 ± 0.004M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-libbpf nr_prod 8 4.011 ± 0.004M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-libbpf nr_prod 12 3.967 ± 0.016M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-libbpf nr_prod 16 2.604 ± 0.030M/s (drops 0.001 ± 0.002M/s)
rb-libbpf nr_prod 20 2.233 ± 0.003M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-libbpf nr_prod 24 2.085 ± 0.015M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-libbpf nr_prod 28 2.055 ± 0.004M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-libbpf nr_prod 32 1.962 ± 0.004M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-libbpf nr_prod 36 2.089 ± 0.005M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-libbpf nr_prod 40 2.118 ± 0.006M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-libbpf nr_prod 44 2.105 ± 0.004M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.000M/s)
rb-libbpf nr_prod 48 2.120 ± 0.058M/s (drops 0.000 ± 0.001M/s)
rb-libbpf nr_prod 52 2.074 ± 0.024M/s (drops 0.007 ± 0.014M/s)
Ringbuf uses a very short-duration spinlock during reservation phase, to check
few invariants, increment producer count and set record header. This is the
biggest point of contention for ringbuf implementation. This benchmark
evaluates the effect of multiple competing writers on overall throughput of
a single shared ringbuffer.
Overall throughput drops almost 2x when going from single to two
highly-contended producers, gradually dropping with additional competing
producers. Performance drop stabilizes at around 20 producers and hovers
around 2mln even with 50+ fighting producers, which is a 5x drop compared to
non-contended case. Good kernel implementation in kernel helps maintain decent
performance here.
Note, that in the intended real-world scenarios, it's not expected to get even
close to such a high levels of contention. But if contention will become
a problem, there is always an option of sharding few ring buffers across a set
of CPUs.
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200529075424.3139988-5-andriin@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Both singleton BPF ringbuf and BPF ringbuf with map-in-map use cases are tested.
Also reserve+submit/discards and output variants of API are validated.
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200529075424.3139988-4-andriin@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Declaring and instantiating BPF ring buffer doesn't require any changes to
libbpf, as it's just another type of maps. So using existing BTF-defined maps
syntax with __uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_RINGBUF) and __uint(max_elements,
<size-of-ring-buf>) is all that's necessary to create and use BPF ring buffer.
This patch adds BPF ring buffer consumer to libbpf. It is very similar to
perf_buffer implementation in terms of API, but also attempts to fix some
minor problems and inconveniences with existing perf_buffer API.
ring_buffer support both single ring buffer use case (with just using
ring_buffer__new()), as well as allows to add more ring buffers, each with its
own callback and context. This allows to efficiently poll and consume
multiple, potentially completely independent, ring buffers, using single
epoll instance.
The latter is actually a problem in practice for applications
that are using multiple sets of perf buffers. They have to create multiple
instances for struct perf_buffer and poll them independently or in a loop,
each approach having its own problems (e.g., inability to use a common poll
timeout). struct ring_buffer eliminates this problem by aggregating many
independent ring buffer instances under the single "ring buffer manager".
Second, perf_buffer's callback can't return error, so applications that need
to stop polling due to error in data or data signalling the end, have to use
extra mechanisms to signal that polling has to stop. ring_buffer's callback
can return error, which will be passed through back to user code and can be
acted upon appropariately.
Two APIs allow to consume ring buffer data:
- ring_buffer__poll(), which will wait for data availability notification
and will consume data only from reported ring buffer(s); this API allows
to efficiently use resources by reading data only when it becomes
available;
- ring_buffer__consume(), will attempt to read new records regardless of
data availablity notification sub-system. This API is useful for cases
when lowest latency is required, in expense of burning CPU resources.
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200529075424.3139988-3-andriin@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
This commit adds a new MPSC ring buffer implementation into BPF ecosystem,
which allows multiple CPUs to submit data to a single shared ring buffer. On
the consumption side, only single consumer is assumed.
Motivation
----------
There are two distinctive motivators for this work, which are not satisfied by
existing perf buffer, which prompted creation of a new ring buffer
implementation.
- more efficient memory utilization by sharing ring buffer across CPUs;
- preserving ordering of events that happen sequentially in time, even
across multiple CPUs (e.g., fork/exec/exit events for a task).
These two problems are independent, but perf buffer fails to satisfy both.
Both are a result of a choice to have per-CPU perf ring buffer. Both can be
also solved by having an MPSC implementation of ring buffer. The ordering
problem could technically be solved for perf buffer with some in-kernel
counting, but given the first one requires an MPSC buffer, the same solution
would solve the second problem automatically.
Semantics and APIs
------------------
Single ring buffer is presented to BPF programs as an instance of BPF map of
type BPF_MAP_TYPE_RINGBUF. Two other alternatives considered, but ultimately
rejected.
One way would be to, similar to BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY, make
BPF_MAP_TYPE_RINGBUF could represent an array of ring buffers, but not enforce
"same CPU only" rule. This would be more familiar interface compatible with
existing perf buffer use in BPF, but would fail if application needed more
advanced logic to lookup ring buffer by arbitrary key. HASH_OF_MAPS addresses
this with current approach. Additionally, given the performance of BPF
ringbuf, many use cases would just opt into a simple single ring buffer shared
among all CPUs, for which current approach would be an overkill.
Another approach could introduce a new concept, alongside BPF map, to
represent generic "container" object, which doesn't necessarily have key/value
interface with lookup/update/delete operations. This approach would add a lot
of extra infrastructure that has to be built for observability and verifier
support. It would also add another concept that BPF developers would have to
familiarize themselves with, new syntax in libbpf, etc. But then would really
provide no additional benefits over the approach of using a map.
BPF_MAP_TYPE_RINGBUF doesn't support lookup/update/delete operations, but so
doesn't few other map types (e.g., queue and stack; array doesn't support
delete, etc).
The approach chosen has an advantage of re-using existing BPF map
infrastructure (introspection APIs in kernel, libbpf support, etc), being
familiar concept (no need to teach users a new type of object in BPF program),
and utilizing existing tooling (bpftool). For common scenario of using
a single ring buffer for all CPUs, it's as simple and straightforward, as
would be with a dedicated "container" object. On the other hand, by being
a map, it can be combined with ARRAY_OF_MAPS and HASH_OF_MAPS map-in-maps to
implement a wide variety of topologies, from one ring buffer for each CPU
(e.g., as a replacement for perf buffer use cases), to a complicated
application hashing/sharding of ring buffers (e.g., having a small pool of
ring buffers with hashed task's tgid being a look up key to preserve order,
but reduce contention).
Key and value sizes are enforced to be zero. max_entries is used to specify
the size of ring buffer and has to be a power of 2 value.
There are a bunch of similarities between perf buffer
(BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY) and new BPF ring buffer semantics:
- variable-length records;
- if there is no more space left in ring buffer, reservation fails, no
blocking;
- memory-mappable data area for user-space applications for ease of
consumption and high performance;
- epoll notifications for new incoming data;
- but still the ability to do busy polling for new data to achieve the
lowest latency, if necessary.
BPF ringbuf provides two sets of APIs to BPF programs:
- bpf_ringbuf_output() allows to *copy* data from one place to a ring
buffer, similarly to bpf_perf_event_output();
- bpf_ringbuf_reserve()/bpf_ringbuf_commit()/bpf_ringbuf_discard() APIs
split the whole process into two steps. First, a fixed amount of space is
reserved. If successful, a pointer to a data inside ring buffer data area
is returned, which BPF programs can use similarly to a data inside
array/hash maps. Once ready, this piece of memory is either committed or
discarded. Discard is similar to commit, but makes consumer ignore the
record.
bpf_ringbuf_output() has disadvantage of incurring extra memory copy, because
record has to be prepared in some other place first. But it allows to submit
records of the length that's not known to verifier beforehand. It also closely
matches bpf_perf_event_output(), so will simplify migration significantly.
bpf_ringbuf_reserve() avoids the extra copy of memory by providing a memory
pointer directly to ring buffer memory. In a lot of cases records are larger
than BPF stack space allows, so many programs have use extra per-CPU array as
a temporary heap for preparing sample. bpf_ringbuf_reserve() avoid this needs
completely. But in exchange, it only allows a known constant size of memory to
be reserved, such that verifier can verify that BPF program can't access
memory outside its reserved record space. bpf_ringbuf_output(), while slightly
slower due to extra memory copy, covers some use cases that are not suitable
for bpf_ringbuf_reserve().
The difference between commit and discard is very small. Discard just marks
a record as discarded, and such records are supposed to be ignored by consumer
code. Discard is useful for some advanced use-cases, such as ensuring
all-or-nothing multi-record submission, or emulating temporary malloc()/free()
within single BPF program invocation.
Each reserved record is tracked by verifier through existing
reference-tracking logic, similar to socket ref-tracking. It is thus
impossible to reserve a record, but forget to submit (or discard) it.
bpf_ringbuf_query() helper allows to query various properties of ring buffer.
Currently 4 are supported:
- BPF_RB_AVAIL_DATA returns amount of unconsumed data in ring buffer;
- BPF_RB_RING_SIZE returns the size of ring buffer;
- BPF_RB_CONS_POS/BPF_RB_PROD_POS returns current logical possition of
consumer/producer, respectively.
Returned values are momentarily snapshots of ring buffer state and could be
off by the time helper returns, so this should be used only for
debugging/reporting reasons or for implementing various heuristics, that take
into account highly-changeable nature of some of those characteristics.
One such heuristic might involve more fine-grained control over poll/epoll
notifications about new data availability in ring buffer. Together with
BPF_RB_NO_WAKEUP/BPF_RB_FORCE_WAKEUP flags for output/commit/discard helpers,
it allows BPF program a high degree of control and, e.g., more efficient
batched notifications. Default self-balancing strategy, though, should be
adequate for most applications and will work reliable and efficiently already.
Design and implementation
-------------------------
This reserve/commit schema allows a natural way for multiple producers, either
on different CPUs or even on the same CPU/in the same BPF program, to reserve
independent records and work with them without blocking other producers. This
means that if BPF program was interruped by another BPF program sharing the
same ring buffer, they will both get a record reserved (provided there is
enough space left) and can work with it and submit it independently. This
applies to NMI context as well, except that due to using a spinlock during
reservation, in NMI context, bpf_ringbuf_reserve() might fail to get a lock,
in which case reservation will fail even if ring buffer is not full.
The ring buffer itself internally is implemented as a power-of-2 sized
circular buffer, with two logical and ever-increasing counters (which might
wrap around on 32-bit architectures, that's not a problem):
- consumer counter shows up to which logical position consumer consumed the
data;
- producer counter denotes amount of data reserved by all producers.
Each time a record is reserved, producer that "owns" the record will
successfully advance producer counter. At that point, data is still not yet
ready to be consumed, though. Each record has 8 byte header, which contains
the length of reserved record, as well as two extra bits: busy bit to denote
that record is still being worked on, and discard bit, which might be set at
commit time if record is discarded. In the latter case, consumer is supposed
to skip the record and move on to the next one. Record header also encodes
record's relative offset from the beginning of ring buffer data area (in
pages). This allows bpf_ringbuf_commit()/bpf_ringbuf_discard() to accept only
the pointer to the record itself, without requiring also the pointer to ring
buffer itself. Ring buffer memory location will be restored from record
metadata header. This significantly simplifies verifier, as well as improving
API usability.
Producer counter increments are serialized under spinlock, so there is
a strict ordering between reservations. Commits, on the other hand, are
completely lockless and independent. All records become available to consumer
in the order of reservations, but only after all previous records where
already committed. It is thus possible for slow producers to temporarily hold
off submitted records, that were reserved later.
Reservation/commit/consumer protocol is verified by litmus tests in
Documentation/litmus-test/bpf-rb.
One interesting implementation bit, that significantly simplifies (and thus
speeds up as well) implementation of both producers and consumers is how data
area is mapped twice contiguously back-to-back in the virtual memory. This
allows to not take any special measures for samples that have to wrap around
at the end of the circular buffer data area, because the next page after the
last data page would be first data page again, and thus the sample will still
appear completely contiguous in virtual memory. See comment and a simple ASCII
diagram showing this visually in bpf_ringbuf_area_alloc().
Another feature that distinguishes BPF ringbuf from perf ring buffer is
a self-pacing notifications of new data being availability.
bpf_ringbuf_commit() implementation will send a notification of new record
being available after commit only if consumer has already caught up right up
to the record being committed. If not, consumer still has to catch up and thus
will see new data anyways without needing an extra poll notification.
Benchmarks (see tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/bench_ringbuf.c) show that
this allows to achieve a very high throughput without having to resort to
tricks like "notify only every Nth sample", which are necessary with perf
buffer. For extreme cases, when BPF program wants more manual control of
notifications, commit/discard/output helpers accept BPF_RB_NO_WAKEUP and
BPF_RB_FORCE_WAKEUP flags, which give full control over notifications of data
availability, but require extra caution and diligence in using this API.
Comparison to alternatives
--------------------------
Before considering implementing BPF ring buffer from scratch existing
alternatives in kernel were evaluated, but didn't seem to meet the needs. They
largely fell into few categores:
- per-CPU buffers (perf, ftrace, etc), which don't satisfy two motivations
outlined above (ordering and memory consumption);
- linked list-based implementations; while some were multi-producer designs,
consuming these from user-space would be very complicated and most
probably not performant; memory-mapping contiguous piece of memory is
simpler and more performant for user-space consumers;
- io_uring is SPSC, but also requires fixed-sized elements. Naively turning
SPSC queue into MPSC w/ lock would have subpar performance compared to
locked reserve + lockless commit, as with BPF ring buffer. Fixed sized
elements would be too limiting for BPF programs, given existing BPF
programs heavily rely on variable-sized perf buffer already;
- specialized implementations (like a new printk ring buffer, [0]) with lots
of printk-specific limitations and implications, that didn't seem to fit
well for intended use with BPF programs.
[0] https://lwn.net/Articles/779550/
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200529075424.3139988-2-andriin@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
For write-only stacks and queues bpf_map_update_elem should be allowed, but
bpf_map_lookup_elem and bpf_map_lookup_and_delete_elem should fail with EPERM.
Signed-off-by: Anton Protopopov <a.s.protopopov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200527185700.14658-6-a.s.protopopov@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Make comments inside the test_map_rdonly and test_map_wronly tests
consistent with logic.
Signed-off-by: Anton Protopopov <a.s.protopopov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200527185700.14658-4-a.s.protopopov@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
The test_map_rdonly and test_map_wronly tests should close file descriptors
which they open.
Signed-off-by: Anton Protopopov <a.s.protopopov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200527185700.14658-3-a.s.protopopov@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Trivial fix to a typo in the test_map_wronly test: "read" -> "write"
Signed-off-by: Anton Protopopov <a.s.protopopov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200527185700.14658-2-a.s.protopopov@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
In case the cpu_bufs are sparsely allocated they are not all
free'ed. These changes will fix this.
Fixes: fb84b82246 ("libbpf: add perf buffer API")
Signed-off-by: Eelco Chaudron <echaudro@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/159056888305.330763.9684536967379110349.stgit@ebuild
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Lets test using probe* in SCHED_CLS network programs as well just
to be sure these keep working. Its cheap to add the extra test
and provides a second context to test outside of sk_msg after
we generalized probe* helpers to all networking types.
Signed-off-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/159033911685.12355.15951980509828906214.stgit@john-Precision-5820-Tower
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
The test itself is not particularly useful but it encodes a common
pattern we have.
Namely do a sk storage lookup then depending on data here decide if
we need to do more work or alternatively allow packet to PASS. Then
if we need to do more work consult task_struct for more information
about the running task. Finally based on this additional information
drop or pass the data. In this case the suspicious check is not so
realisitic but it encodes the general pattern and uses the helpers
so we test the workflow.
This is a load test to ensure verifier correctly handles this case.
Signed-off-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/159033909665.12355.6166415847337547879.stgit@john-Precision-5820-Tower
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Since dynamic symbols are used for dynamic linking it makes sense to
use them (readelf --dyn-syms) for abi check.
Found with some configuration on powerpc where linker puts
local *.plt_call.* symbols into .so.
Signed-off-by: Yauheni Kaliuta <yauheni.kaliuta@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200525061846.16524-1-yauheni.kaliuta@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Current 'make install' results in only pkg-config and library binaries
being installed. For consistency also install headers as part of
"make install"
Signed-off-by: Nikolay Borisov <nborisov@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200526174612.5447-1-nborisov@suse.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
This new API, perf_buffer__consume, can be used as follows:
- When you have a perf ring where wakeup_events is higher than 1,
and you have remaining data in the rings you would like to pull
out on exit (or maybe based on a timeout).
- For low latency cases where you burn a CPU that constantly polls
the queues.
Signed-off-by: Eelco Chaudron <echaudro@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/159048487929.89441.7465713173442594608.stgit@ebuild
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
btf__parse_raw and btf__parse_elf return negative error numbers wrapped
in an ERR_PTR, so the extracted value needs to be negated before passing
them to strerror which expects a positive error number.
Before:
Error: failed to load BTF from .../vmlinux: Unknown error -2
After:
Error: failed to load BTF from .../vmlinux: No such file or directory
Signed-off-by: Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200525135421.4154-1-tklauser@distanz.ch
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Following the introduction of CAP_BPF, and the switch from CAP_SYS_ADMIN
to other capabilities for various BPF features, update the capability
checks (and potentially, drops) in bpftool for feature probes. Because
bpftool and/or the system might not know of CAP_BPF yet, some caution is
necessary:
- If compiled and run on a system with CAP_BPF, check CAP_BPF,
CAP_SYS_ADMIN, CAP_PERFMON, CAP_NET_ADMIN.
- Guard against CAP_BPF being undefined, to allow compiling bpftool from
latest sources on older systems. If the system where feature probes
are run does not know of CAP_BPF, stop checking after CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
as this should be the only capability required for all the BPF
probing.
- If compiled from latest sources on a system without CAP_BPF, but later
executed on a newer system with CAP_BPF knowledge, then we only test
CAP_SYS_ADMIN. Some probes may fail if the bpftool process has
CAP_SYS_ADMIN but misses the other capabilities. The alternative would
be to redefine the value for CAP_BPF in bpftool, but this does not
look clean, and the case sounds relatively rare anyway.
Note that libcap offers a cap_to_name() function to retrieve the name of
a given capability (e.g. "cap_sys_admin"). We do not use it because
deriving the names from the macros looks simpler than using
cap_to_name() (doing a strdup() on the string) + cap_free() + handling
the case of failed allocations, when we just want to use the name of the
capability in an error message.
The checks when compiling without libcap (i.e. root versus non-root) are
unchanged.
v2:
- Do not allocate cap_list dynamically.
- Drop BPF-related capabilities when running with "unprivileged", even
if we didn't have the full set in the first place (in v1, we would
skip dropping them in that case).
- Keep track of what capabilities we have, print the names of the
missing ones for privileged probing.
- Attempt to drop only the capabilities we actually have.
- Rename a couple variables.
Signed-off-by: Quentin Monnet <quentin@isovalent.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200523010247.20654-1-quentin@isovalent.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
This is a clean-up for the formatting of the do_help functions for
bpftool's subcommands. The following fixes are included:
- Do not use argv[-2] for "iter" help message, as the help is shown by
default if no "iter" action is selected, resulting in messages looking
like "./bpftool bpftool pin...".
- Do not print unused HELP_SPEC_PROGRAM in help message for "bpftool
link".
- Andrii used argument indexing to avoid having multiple occurrences of
bin_name and argv[-2] in the fprintf() for the help message, for
"bpftool gen" and "bpftool link". Let's reuse this for all other help
functions. We can remove up to thirty arguments for the "bpftool map"
help message.
- Harmonise all functions, e.g. use ending quotes-comma on a separate
line.
Signed-off-by: Quentin Monnet <quentin@isovalent.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200523010751.23465-1-quentin@isovalent.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
- Add AMD Fam17h RAPL support
- Introduce CAP_PERFMON to kernel and user space
- Add Zhaoxin CPU support
- Misc fixes and cleanups
Tooling changes:
perf record:
- Introduce --switch-output-event to use arbitrary events to be setup
and read from a side band thread and, when they take place a signal
be sent to the main 'perf record' thread, reusing the --switch-output
code to take perf.data snapshots from the --overwrite ring buffer, e.g.:
# perf record --overwrite -e sched:* \
--switch-output-event syscalls:*connect* \
workload
will take perf.data.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS snapshots up to around the
connect syscalls.
- Add --num-synthesize-threads option to control degree of parallelism of the
synthesize_mmap() code which is scanning /proc/PID/task/PID/maps and can be
time consuming. This mimics pre-existing behaviour in 'perf top'.
perf bench:
- Add a multi-threaded synthesize benchmark.
- Add kallsyms parsing benchmark.
Intel PT support:
- Stitch LBR records from multiple samples to get deeper backtraces,
there are caveats, see the csets for details.
- Allow using Intel PT to synthesize callchains for regular events.
- Add support for synthesizing branch stacks for regular events (cycles,
instructions, etc) from Intel PT data.
Misc changes:
- Updated perf vendor events for power9 and Coresight.
- Add flamegraph.py script via 'perf flamegraph'
- Misc other changes, fixes and cleanups - see the Git log for details.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'perf-core-2020-06-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull perf updates from Ingo Molnar:
"Kernel side changes:
- Add AMD Fam17h RAPL support
- Introduce CAP_PERFMON to kernel and user space
- Add Zhaoxin CPU support
- Misc fixes and cleanups
Tooling changes:
- perf record:
Introduce '--switch-output-event' to use arbitrary events to be
setup and read from a side band thread and, when they take place a
signal be sent to the main 'perf record' thread, reusing the core
for '--switch-output' to take perf.data snapshots from the ring
buffer used for '--overwrite', e.g.:
# perf record --overwrite -e sched:* \
--switch-output-event syscalls:*connect* \
workload
will take perf.data.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS snapshots up to around the
connect syscalls.
Add '--num-synthesize-threads' option to control degree of
parallelism of the synthesize_mmap() code which is scanning
/proc/PID/task/PID/maps and can be time consuming. This mimics
pre-existing behaviour in 'perf top'.
- perf bench:
Add a multi-threaded synthesize benchmark and kallsyms parsing
benchmark.
- Intel PT support:
Stitch LBR records from multiple samples to get deeper backtraces,
there are caveats, see the csets for details.
Allow using Intel PT to synthesize callchains for regular events.
Add support for synthesizing branch stacks for regular events
(cycles, instructions, etc) from Intel PT data.
Misc changes:
- Updated perf vendor events for power9 and Coresight.
- Add flamegraph.py script via 'perf flamegraph'
- Misc other changes, fixes and cleanups - see the Git log for details
Also, since over the last couple of years perf tooling has matured and
decoupled from the kernel perf changes to a large degree, going
forward Arnaldo is going to send perf tooling changes via direct pull
requests"
* tag 'perf-core-2020-06-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (163 commits)
perf/x86/rapl: Add AMD Fam17h RAPL support
perf/x86/rapl: Make perf_probe_msr() more robust and flexible
perf/x86/rapl: Flip logic on default events visibility
perf/x86/rapl: Refactor to share the RAPL code between Intel and AMD CPUs
perf/x86/rapl: Move RAPL support to common x86 code
perf/core: Replace zero-length array with flexible-array
perf/x86: Replace zero-length array with flexible-array
perf/x86/intel: Add more available bits for OFFCORE_RESPONSE of Intel Tremont
perf/x86/rapl: Add Ice Lake RAPL support
perf flamegraph: Use /bin/bash for report and record scripts
perf cs-etm: Move definition of 'traceid_list' global variable from header file
libsymbols kallsyms: Move hex2u64 out of header
libsymbols kallsyms: Parse using io api
perf bench: Add kallsyms parsing
perf: cs-etm: Update to build with latest opencsd version.
perf symbol: Fix kernel symbol address display
perf inject: Rename perf_evsel__*() operating on 'struct evsel *' to evsel__*()
perf annotate: Rename perf_evsel__*() operating on 'struct evsel *' to evsel__*()
perf trace: Rename perf_evsel__*() operating on 'struct evsel *' to evsel__*()
perf script: Rename perf_evsel__*() operating on 'struct evsel *' to evsel__*()
...
The identation before this code
(`if not os.path.exists(cli_args.build_dir):``)
was with spaces instead of tabs after fixed up merge conflits,
this commit revert spaces to tabs:
[iha@bbking linux]$ tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run
File "tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py", line 247
if not linux:
^
TabError: inconsistent use of tabs and spaces in indentation
[iha@bbking linux]$ tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py", line 338, in <module>
main(sys.argv[1:])
File "tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py", line 215, in main
add_config_opts(config_parser)
[iha@bbking linux]$ tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py", line 337, in <module>
main(sys.argv[1:])
File "tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py", line 255, in main
result = run_tests(linux, request)
File "tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py", line 133, in run_tests
request.defconfig,
AttributeError: 'KunitRequest' object has no attribute 'defconfig'
Handles when there is no .kunitconfig, the error due to merge conflicts
between the following:
commit 9bdf64b351 ("kunit: use KUnit defconfig by default")
commit 45ba7a893a ("kunit: kunit_tool: Separate out
config/build/exec/parse")
[iha@bbking linux]$ tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py", line 335, in <module>
main(sys.argv[1:])
File "tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py", line 246, in main
linux = kunit_kernel.LinuxSourceTree()
File "../tools/testing/kunit/kunit_kernel.py", line 109, in __init__
self._kconfig.read_from_file(kunitconfig_path)
File "t../ools/testing/kunit/kunit_config.py", line 88, in read_from_file
with open(path, 'r') as f:
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '.kunit/.kunitconfig'
Signed-off-by: Vitor Massaru Iha <vitor@massaru.org>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
- Speed up objtool significantly, especially when there are large number of sections
- Improve objtool's understanding of special instructions such as IRET,
to reduce the number of annotations required
- Implement 'noinstr' validation
- Do baby steps for non-x86 objtool use
- Simplify/fix retpoline decoding
- Add vmlinux validation
- Improve documentation
- Fix various bugs and apply smaller cleanups
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'objtool-core-2020-06-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull objtool updates from Ingo Molnar:
"There are a lot of objtool changes in this cycle, all across the map:
- Speed up objtool significantly, especially when there are large
number of sections
- Improve objtool's understanding of special instructions such as
IRET, to reduce the number of annotations required
- Implement 'noinstr' validation
- Do baby steps for non-x86 objtool use
- Simplify/fix retpoline decoding
- Add vmlinux validation
- Improve documentation
- Fix various bugs and apply smaller cleanups"
* tag 'objtool-core-2020-06-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (54 commits)
objtool: Enable compilation of objtool for all architectures
objtool: Move struct objtool_file into arch-independent header
objtool: Exit successfully when requesting help
objtool: Add check_kcov_mode() to the uaccess safelist
samples/ftrace: Fix asm function ELF annotations
objtool: optimize add_dead_ends for split sections
objtool: use gelf_getsymshndx to handle >64k sections
objtool: Allow no-op CFI ops in alternatives
x86/retpoline: Fix retpoline unwind
x86: Change {JMP,CALL}_NOSPEC argument
x86: Simplify retpoline declaration
x86/speculation: Change FILL_RETURN_BUFFER to work with objtool
objtool: Add support for intra-function calls
objtool: Move the IRET hack into the arch decoder
objtool: Remove INSN_STACK
objtool: Make handle_insn_ops() unconditional
objtool: Rework allocating stack_ops on decode
objtool: UNWIND_HINT_RET_OFFSET should not check registers
objtool: is_fentry_call() crashes if call has no destination
x86,smap: Fix smap_{save,restore}() alternatives
...
- RCU-tasks update, including addition of RCU Tasks Trace for
BPF use and TASKS_RUDE_RCU
- kfree_rcu() updates.
- Remove scheduler locking restriction
- RCU CPU stall warning updates.
- Torture-test updates.
- Miscellaneous fixes and other updates.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'core-rcu-2020-06-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull RCU updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The RCU updates for this cycle were:
- RCU-tasks update, including addition of RCU Tasks Trace for BPF use
and TASKS_RUDE_RCU
- kfree_rcu() updates.
- Remove scheduler locking restriction
- RCU CPU stall warning updates.
- Torture-test updates.
- Miscellaneous fixes and other updates"
* tag 'core-rcu-2020-06-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (103 commits)
rcu: Allow for smp_call_function() running callbacks from idle
rcu: Provide rcu_irq_exit_check_preempt()
rcu: Abstract out rcu_irq_enter_check_tick() from rcu_nmi_enter()
rcu: Provide __rcu_is_watching()
rcu: Provide rcu_irq_exit_preempt()
rcu: Make RCU IRQ enter/exit functions rely on in_nmi()
rcu/tree: Mark the idle relevant functions noinstr
x86: Replace ist_enter() with nmi_enter()
x86/mce: Send #MC singal from task work
x86/entry: Get rid of ist_begin/end_non_atomic()
sched,rcu,tracing: Avoid tracing before in_nmi() is correct
sh/ftrace: Move arch_ftrace_nmi_{enter,exit} into nmi exception
lockdep: Always inline lockdep_{off,on}()
hardirq/nmi: Allow nested nmi_enter()
arm64: Prepare arch_nmi_enter() for recursion
printk: Disallow instrumenting print_nmi_enter()
printk: Prepare for nested printk_nmi_enter()
rcutorture: Convert ULONG_CMP_LT() to time_before()
torture: Add a --kasan argument
torture: Save a few lines by using config_override_param initially
...
- refactor pstore locking for safer module unloading (Kees Cook)
- remove orphaned records from pstorefs when backend unloaded (Kees Cook)
- refactor dump_oops parameter into max_reason (Pavel Tatashin)
- introduce pstore/zone for common code for contiguous storage (WeiXiong Liao)
- introduce pstore/blk for block device backend (WeiXiong Liao)
- introduce mtd backend (WeiXiong Liao)
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Merge tag 'pstore-v5.8-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux
Pull pstore updates from Kees Cook:
"Fixes and new features for pstore.
This is a pretty big set of changes (relative to past pstore pulls),
but it has been in -next for a while. The biggest change here is the
ability to support a block device as a pstore backend, which has been
desired for a while. A lot of additional fixes and refactorings are
also included, mostly in support of the new features.
- refactor pstore locking for safer module unloading (Kees Cook)
- remove orphaned records from pstorefs when backend unloaded (Kees
Cook)
- refactor dump_oops parameter into max_reason (Pavel Tatashin)
- introduce pstore/zone for common code for contiguous storage
(WeiXiong Liao)
- introduce pstore/blk for block device backend (WeiXiong Liao)
- introduce mtd backend (WeiXiong Liao)"
* tag 'pstore-v5.8-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux: (35 commits)
mtd: Support kmsg dumper based on pstore/blk
pstore/blk: Introduce "best_effort" mode
pstore/blk: Support non-block storage devices
pstore/blk: Provide way to query pstore configuration
pstore/zone: Provide way to skip "broken" zone for MTD devices
Documentation: Add details for pstore/blk
pstore/zone,blk: Add ftrace frontend support
pstore/zone,blk: Add console frontend support
pstore/zone,blk: Add support for pmsg frontend
pstore/blk: Introduce backend for block devices
pstore/zone: Introduce common layer to manage storage zones
ramoops: Add "max-reason" optional field to ramoops DT node
pstore/ram: Introduce max_reason and convert dump_oops
pstore/platform: Pass max_reason to kmesg dump
printk: Introduce kmsg_dump_reason_str()
printk: honor the max_reason field in kmsg_dumper
printk: Collapse shutdown types into a single dump reason
pstore/ftrace: Provide ftrace log merging routine
pstore/ram: Refactor ftrace buffer merging
pstore/ram: Refactor DT size parsing
...
Generate packets matching the various control traps and check that the
traps' stats increase accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
sh5 never became a product and has probably never really worked.
Remove it by recursively deleting all associated Kconfig options
and all corresponding files.
Reviewed-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
This has been a very active release for the DesignWare driver in
particular - after a long period of inactivity we have had a lot of
people actively working on it for unrelated reasons this cycle with some
of that work still not landed. Otherwise it's been fairly quiet for the
subsystem. Highlights include:
- Lots of performance improvements and fixes for the DesignWare driver
from Serge Semin, Andy Shevchenko, Wan Ahmad Zainie, Clement Leger,
Dinh Nguyen and Jarkko Nikula.
- Support for octal mode transfers in spidev.
- Slave mode support for the Rockchip drivers.
- Support for AMD controllers, Broadcom mspi and Raspberry Pi 4,
and Intel Elkhart Lake.
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Merge tag 'spi-v5.8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/spi
Pull spi updates from Mark Brown:
"This has been a very active release for the DesignWare driver in
particular - after a long period of inactivity we have had a lot of
people actively working on it for unrelated reasons this cycle with
some of that work still not landed.
Otherwise it's been fairly quiet for the subsystem.
Highlights include:
- Lots of performance improvements and fixes for the DesignWare
driver from Serge Semin, Andy Shevchenko, Wan Ahmad Zainie, Clement
Leger, Dinh Nguyen and Jarkko Nikula.
- Support for octal mode transfers in spidev.
- Slave mode support for the Rockchip drivers.
- Support for AMD controllers, Broadcom mspi and Raspberry Pi 4, and
Intel Elkhart Lake"
* tag 'spi-v5.8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/spi: (125 commits)
spi: spi-fsl-dspi: fix native data copy
spi: Convert DW SPI binding to DT schema
spi: dw: Refactor mid_spi_dma_setup() to separate DMA and IRQ config
spi: dw: Make DMA request line assignments explicit for Intel Medfield
spi: bcm2835: Remove shared interrupt support
dt-bindings: snps,dw-apb-ssi: add optional reset property
spi: dw: add reset control
spi: bcm2835: Enable shared interrupt support
spi: bcm2835: Implement shutdown callback
spi: dw: Use regset32 DebugFS method to create regdump file
spi: dw: Add DMA support to the DW SPI MMIO driver
spi: dw: Cleanup generic DW DMA code namings
spi: dw: Add DW SPI DMA/PCI/MMIO dependency on the DW SPI core
spi: dw: Remove DW DMA code dependency from DW_DMAC_PCI
spi: dw: Move Non-DMA code to the DW PCIe-SPI driver
spi: dw: Add core suffix to the DW APB SSI core source file
spi: dw: Fix Rx-only DMA transfers
spi: dw: Use DMA max burst to set the request thresholds
spi: dw: Parameterize the DMA Rx/Tx burst length
spi: dw: Add SPI Rx-done wait method to DMA-based transfer
...
vmx_tsc_adjust_test fails with:
IA32_TSC_ADJUST is -4294969448 (-1 * TSC_ADJUST_VALUE + -2152).
IA32_TSC_ADJUST is -4294969448 (-1 * TSC_ADJUST_VALUE + -2152).
IA32_TSC_ADJUST is 281470681738540 (65534 * TSC_ADJUST_VALUE + 4294962476).
==== Test Assertion Failure ====
x86_64/vmx_tsc_adjust_test.c:153: false
pid=19738 tid=19738 - Interrupted system call
1 0x0000000000401192: main at vmx_tsc_adjust_test.c:153
2 0x00007fe1ef8583d4: ?? ??:0
3 0x0000000000401201: _start at ??:?
Failed guest assert: (adjust <= max)
The problem is that is 'tsc_val' should be u64, not u32 or the reading
gets truncated.
Fixes: 8d7fbf01f9 ("KVM: selftests: VMX preemption timer migration test")
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200601154726.261868-1-vkuznets@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
This is currently working due to extra include paths in the build.
Before:
$ cd tools/perf/arch/arm64/util
$ ls -la ../../util/unwind-libdw.h
ls: cannot access '../../util/unwind-libdw.h': No such file or directory
After:
$ ls -la ../../../util/unwind-libdw.h
-rw-r----- 1 irogers irogers 553 Apr 17 14:31 ../../../util/unwind-libdw.h
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200529225232.207532-1-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
This patch is to add four options to synthesize events which are
described as below:
'f': synthesize first level cache events
'm': synthesize last level cache events
't': synthesize TLB events
'a': synthesize remote access events
This four options will be used by ARM SPE as their first consumer.
Signed-off-by: Tan Xiaojun <tanxiaojun@huawei.com>
Tested-by: James Clark <james.clark@arm.com>
Acked-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Al Grant <al.grant@arm.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Cc: Mike Leach <mike.leach@linaro.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200530122442.490-3-leo.yan@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: James Clark <james.clark@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Create a new arm-spe-decoder directory for subsequent extensions and
move arm-spe-pkt-decoder.h/c to this directory. No code changes.
Signed-off-by: Tan Xiaojun <tanxiaojun@huawei.com>
Tested-by: James Clark <james.clark@arm.com>
Tested-by: Qi Liu <liuqi115@hisilicon.com>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Al Grant <al.grant@arm.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Cc: Mike Leach <mike.leach@linaro.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200530122442.490-2-leo.yan@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: James Clark <james.clark@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Avoid a false positive caused by assembly code in arch/x86.
In tests, zero the perf_event to avoid uninitialized memory uses.
Warnings were caught using clang with -fsanitize=memory.
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Quentin Monnet <quentin@isovalent.com>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200530082015.39162-4-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The tail call optimization can unexpectedly make the stack smaller and
cause the test to fail.
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com
Cc: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Quentin Monnet <quentin@isovalent.com>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200530082015.39162-3-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Tail call optimizations can remove stack frames that are used in
unwinding tests. Add an attribute that can be used to disable the tail
call optimization. Tested on clang and GCC.
Committer notes:
Old versions of clang don't like that __attribute__((optimize)), so add
an ifdef to make it go away.
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com
Cc: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Quentin Monnet <quentin@isovalent.com>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200530082015.39162-2-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
With synthetic events now a separate config item as a result of
'tracing: Move synthetic events to a separate file', tests that use
both need to explicitly check for hist trigger support rather than
relying on hist triggers to pull in synthetic events.
Add an additional hist trigger check to all the trigger tests that now
require it, otherwise they'll fail if synthetic events but not hist
triggers are enabled.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/af36c539006ef2768114b4ed38e6b054f7c7a3bd.1590693308.git.zanussi@kernel.org
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Tom Zanussi <zanussi@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Update tests to reflect new CPUID capabilities with SYNDBG.
Check that we get the right number of entries and that
0x40000000.EAX always returns the correct max leaf.
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jon Doron <arilou@gmail.com>
Message-Id: <20200529134543.1127440-7-arilou@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
When a nested VM with a VMX-preemption timer is migrated, verify that the
nested VM and its parent VM observe the VMX-preemption timer exit close to
the original expiration deadline.
Signed-off-by: Makarand Sonare <makarandsonare@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com>
Message-Id: <20200526215107.205814-3-makarandsonare@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
KVM_CAP_NESTED_STATE is now supported for AMD too but smm test acts like
it is still Intel only.
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200529130407.57176-2-vkuznets@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
The test is similar to the existing one for VMX, but simpler because we
don't have to test shadow VMCS or vmptrld/vmptrst/vmclear.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Many tests will want to check if the CPU is Intel or AMD in
guest code, add cpu_has_svm() and put it as static
inline to svm_util.h.
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200529130407.57176-1-vkuznets@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
xdp_umem.c had overlapping changes between the 64-bit math fix
for the calculation of npgs and the removal of the zerocopy
memory type which got rid of the chunk_size_nohdr member.
The mlx5 Kconfig conflict is a case where we just take the
net-next copy of the Kconfig entry dependency as it takes on
the ESWITCH dependency by one level of indirection which is
what the 'net' conflicting change is trying to ensure.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
- Prevent a memory leak in ioperm which was caused by the stupid
assumption that the exit cleanup is always called for current, which is
not the case when fork fails after taking a reference on the ioperm
bitmap.
- Fix an arithmething overflow in the DMA code on 32bit systems
- Fill gaps in the xstate copy with defaults instead of leaving them
uninitialized
- Revert: o"Make __X32_SYSCALL_BIT be unsigned long" as it turned out
that existing user space fails to build.
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Merge tag 'x86-urgent-2020-05-31' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull x86 fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
"A pile of x86 fixes:
- Prevent a memory leak in ioperm which was caused by the stupid
assumption that the exit cleanup is always called for current,
which is not the case when fork fails after taking a reference on
the ioperm bitmap.
- Fix an arithmething overflow in the DMA code on 32bit systems
- Fill gaps in the xstate copy with defaults instead of leaving them
uninitialized
- Revert: "Make __X32_SYSCALL_BIT be unsigned long" as it turned out
that existing user space fails to build"
* tag 'x86-urgent-2020-05-31' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/ioperm: Prevent a memory leak when fork fails
x86/dma: Fix max PFN arithmetic overflow on 32 bit systems
copy_xstate_to_kernel(): don't leave parts of destination uninitialized
x86/syscalls: Revert "x86/syscalls: Make __X32_SYSCALL_BIT be unsigned long"
A missing stats_update callback was recently added to act_pedit. Now that
iproute2 supports JSON dumping for pedit, extend the pedit_dsfield selftest
with a check that would have caught the fact that the callback was missing.
Signed-off-by: Petr Machata <petrm@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Using ping in tests is error-prone, because ping is too smart. On a
flaky system (notably in a simulator), when packets don't come quickly
enough, more pings are sent, and that throws off counters. Instead use
mausezahn to generate ICMP echo request packets. That allows us to
send them in quicker succession as well, because the reason the ping
was made slow in the first place was to make the tests work on
simulated systems.
Signed-off-by: Petr Machata <petrm@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Alexei Starovoitov says:
====================
pull-request: bpf 2020-05-29
The following pull-request contains BPF updates for your *net* tree.
We've added 6 non-merge commits during the last 7 day(s) which contain
a total of 4 files changed, 55 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-).
The main changes are:
1) minor verifier fix for fmod_ret progs, from Alexei.
2) af_xdp overflow check, from Bjorn.
3) minor verifier fix for 32bit assignment, from John.
4) powerpc has non-overlapping addr space, from Petr.
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Added a verifier test for assigning 32bit reg states to
64bit where 32bit reg holds a constant value of 0.
Without previous kernel verifier.c fix, the test in
this patch will fail.
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/159077335867.6014.2075350327073125374.stgit@john-Precision-5820-Tower
After previous fix for zero extension test_verifier tests #65 and #66 now
fail. Before the fix we can see the alu32 mov op at insn 10
10: R0_w=map_value(id=0,off=0,ks=8,vs=8,imm=0)
R1_w=invP(id=0,
smin_value=4294967168,smax_value=4294967423,
umin_value=4294967168,umax_value=4294967423,
var_off=(0x0; 0x1ffffffff),
s32_min_value=-2147483648,s32_max_value=2147483647,
u32_min_value=0,u32_max_value=-1)
R10=fp0 fp-8_w=mmmmmmmm
10: (bc) w1 = w1
11: R0_w=map_value(id=0,off=0,ks=8,vs=8,imm=0)
R1_w=invP(id=0,
smin_value=0,smax_value=2147483647,
umin_value=0,umax_value=4294967295,
var_off=(0x0; 0xffffffff),
s32_min_value=-2147483648,s32_max_value=2147483647,
u32_min_value=0,u32_max_value=-1)
R10=fp0 fp-8_w=mmmmmmmm
After the fix at insn 10 because we have 's32_min_value < 0' the following
step 11 now has 'smax_value=U32_MAX' where before we pulled the s32_max_value
bound into the smax_value as seen above in 11 with smax_value=2147483647.
10: R0_w=map_value(id=0,off=0,ks=8,vs=8,imm=0)
R1_w=inv(id=0,
smin_value=4294967168,smax_value=4294967423,
umin_value=4294967168,umax_value=4294967423,
var_off=(0x0; 0x1ffffffff),
s32_min_value=-2147483648, s32_max_value=2147483647,
u32_min_value=0,u32_max_value=-1)
R10=fp0 fp-8_w=mmmmmmmm
10: (bc) w1 = w1
11: R0_w=map_value(id=0,off=0,ks=8,vs=8,imm=0)
R1_w=inv(id=0,
smin_value=0,smax_value=4294967295,
umin_value=0,umax_value=4294967295,
var_off=(0x0; 0xffffffff),
s32_min_value=-2147483648, s32_max_value=2147483647,
u32_min_value=0, u32_max_value=-1)
R10=fp0 fp-8_w=mmmmmmmm
The fall out of this is by the time we get to the failing instruction at
step 14 where previously we had the following:
14: R0_w=map_value(id=0,off=0,ks=8,vs=8,imm=0)
R1_w=inv(id=0,
smin_value=72057594021150720,smax_value=72057594029539328,
umin_value=72057594021150720,umax_value=72057594029539328,
var_off=(0xffffffff000000; 0xffffff),
s32_min_value=-16777216,s32_max_value=-1,
u32_min_value=-16777216,u32_max_value=-1)
R10=fp0 fp-8_w=mmmmmmmm
14: (0f) r0 += r1
We now have,
14: R0_w=map_value(id=0,off=0,ks=8,vs=8,imm=0)
R1_w=inv(id=0,
smin_value=0,smax_value=72057594037927935,
umin_value=0,umax_value=72057594037927935,
var_off=(0x0; 0xffffffffffffff),
s32_min_value=-2147483648,s32_max_value=2147483647,
u32_min_value=0,u32_max_value=-1)
R10=fp0 fp-8_w=mmmmmmmm
14: (0f) r0 += r1
In the original step 14 'smin_value=72057594021150720' this trips the logic
in the verifier function check_reg_sane_offset(),
if (smin >= BPF_MAX_VAR_OFF || smin <= -BPF_MAX_VAR_OFF) {
verbose(env, "value %lld makes %s pointer be out of bounds\n",
smin, reg_type_str[type]);
return false;
}
Specifically, the 'smin <= -BPF_MAX_VAR_OFF' check. But with the fix
at step 14 we have bounds 'smin_value=0' so the above check is not tripped
because BPF_MAX_VAR_OFF=1<<29.
We have a smin_value=0 here because at step 10 the smaller smin_value=0 means
the subtractions at steps 11 and 12 bring the smin_value negative.
11: (17) r1 -= 2147483584
12: (17) r1 -= 2147483584
13: (77) r1 >>= 8
Then the shift clears the top bit and smin_value is set to 0. Note we still
have the smax_value in the fixed code so any reads will fail. An alternative
would be to have reg_sane_check() do both smin and smax value tests.
To fix the test we can omit the 'r1 >>=8' at line 13. This will change the
err string, but keeps the intention of the test as suggseted by the title,
"check after truncation of boundary-crossing range". If the verifier logic
changes a different value is likely to be thrown in the error or the error
will no longer be thrown forcing this test to be examined. With this change
we see the new state at step 13.
13: R0_w=map_value(id=0,off=0,ks=8,vs=8,imm=0)
R1_w=invP(id=0,
smin_value=-4294967168,smax_value=127,
umin_value=0,umax_value=18446744073709551615,
s32_min_value=-2147483648,s32_max_value=2147483647,
u32_min_value=0,u32_max_value=-1)
R10=fp0 fp-8_w=mmmmmmmm
Giving the expected out of bounds error, "value -4294967168 makes map_value
pointer be out of bounds" However, for unpriv case we see a different error
now because of the mixed signed bounds pointer arithmatic. This seems OK so
I've only added the unpriv_errstr for this. Another optino may have been to
do addition on r1 instead of subtraction but I favor the approach above
slightly.
Signed-off-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/159077333942.6014.14004320043595756079.stgit@john-Precision-5820-Tower
So that when one runs:
$ make -C tools/perf build-test
We make sure that recent changes don't break that opt-in build.
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Igor Lubashev <ilubashe@akamai.com>
Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiwei Sun <jiwei.sun@windriver.com>
Cc: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Cc: yuzhoujian <yuzhoujian@didichuxing.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
This patch links perf with the libpfm4 library if it is available and
LIBPFM4 is passed to the build. The libpfm4 library contains hardware
event tables for all processors supported by perf_events. It is a helper
library that helps convert from a symbolic event name to the event
encoding required by the underlying kernel interface. This library is
open-source and available from: http://perfmon2.sf.net.
With this patch, it is possible to specify full hardware events by name.
Hardware filters are also supported. Events must be specified via the
--pfm-events and not -e option. Both options are active at the same time
and it is possible to mix and match:
$ perf stat --pfm-events inst_retired:any_p:c=1:i -e cycles ....
One needs to explicitely ask for its inclusion by using the LIBPFM4 make
command line option, ie its opt-in rather than opt-out of feature
detection and build support.
Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Igor Lubashev <ilubashe@akamai.com>
Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiwei Sun <jiwei.sun@windriver.com>
Cc: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Cc: bpf@vger.kernel.org
Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org
Cc: yuzhoujian <yuzhoujian@didichuxing.com>
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200505182943.218248-2-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
This header is part of the jsmn JSON parser, introduced in 867a979a83.
Correct the SPDX tag to indicate that it is under the MIT license.
Signed-off-by: Ed Maste <emaste@freebsd.org>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200528170858.48457-1-emaste@freefall.freebsd.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Fix an issue where addresses in the DWARF line table are offset by -0x40
(GEN_ELF_TEXT_OFFSET). This can be seen with `objdump -S` on the ELF
files after perf inject.
Committer notes:
Ian added this in his Acked-by reply:
---
Without too much knowledge this looks good to me. The original code came
from oprofile's jit support:
https://sourceforge.net/p/oprofile/oprofile/ci/master/tree/opjitconv/debug_line.c#l325
---
Signed-off-by: Nick Gasson <nick.gasson@arm.com>
Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200528051916.6722-1-nick.gasson@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
For each PC/BCI pair in the JVMTI compiler inlining record table, the
jitdump plugin emits debug line table entries for every source line in
the method preceding that BCI. Instead only emit one source line per
PC/BCI pair. Reported by Ian Rogers. This reduces the .dump size for
SPECjbb from ~230MB to ~40MB.
Signed-off-by: Nick Gasson <nick.gasson@arm.com>
Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200528054049.13662-1-nick.gasson@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
We forgot to add it, so one would have to explicitely ask for it to be
run, fix that by adding it to the set of tests that are performed by
default when one does:
$ make -C tools/perf build-test
It was being exercised only in the make_minimal test, this patch makes
it be tested in isolation, i.e. disabling only this feature.
Fixes: e26e63be64 ("perf build: Add sdt feature detection")
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
We forgot to add it, so one would have to explicitely ask for it to be
run, fix that by adding it to the set of tests that are performed by
default when one does:
$ make -C tools/perf build-test
It was being exercised only in the make_minimal test, this patch makes
it be tested in isolation, i.e. disabling only this feature.
Fixes: 8ee4646038 ("perf build: Add libcrypto feature detection")
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
So that we make sure that even on x86-64 and other architectures where
that is the default method we test build the fallback to libaudit that
other architectures use.
I.e. now this line got added to:
$ make -C tools/perf build-test
<SNIP>
make_no_syscall_tbl_O: cd . && make NO_SYSCALL_TABLE=1 FEATURES_DUMP=/home/acme/git/perf/tools/perf/BUILD_TEST_FEATURE_DUMP -j12 O=/tmp/tmp.W0HtKR1mfr DESTDIR=/tmp/tmp.lNezgCVPzW
<SNIP>
$
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Ingo reported that the libaudit was always appearing as OFF:
Auto-detecting system features:
... dwarf: [ on ]
... dwarf_getlocations: [ on ]
... glibc: [ on ]
... gtk2: [ on ]
... libaudit: [ OFF ]
And everything seemed to work, i.e. we were checking for a feature that
we don't use, causing confusion for people building perf, so work to
remove that nuisance while making sure that it works when an arch
doesn't provide the alternative method to generate the syscall id/name
conversion tables.
Longer explanation of the new modus operandi:
$ make -C tools/perf O=/tmp/build/perf NO_SYSCALL_TABLE=1
<SNIP>
Auto-detecting system features:
... dwarf: [ on ]
... dwarf_getlocations: [ on ]
... glibc: [ on ]
... gtk2: [ on ]
... libbfd: [ on ]
... libcap: [ on ]
... libelf: [ on ]
... libnuma: [ on ]
... numa_num_possible_cpus: [ on ]
... libperl: [ on ]
... libpython: [ on ]
... libcrypto: [ on ]
... libunwind: [ on ]
... libdw-dwarf-unwind: [ on ]
... zlib: [ on ]
... lzma: [ on ]
... get_cpuid: [ on ]
... bpf: [ on ]
... libaio: [ on ]
... libzstd: [ on ]
... disassembler-four-args: [ on ]
Makefile.config:665: No libaudit.h found, disables 'trace' tool, please install audit-libs-devel or libaudit-dev
GEN /tmp/build/perf/common-cmds.h
MKDIR /tmp/build/perf/fd/
MKDIR /tmp/build/perf/fs/
<SNIP>
$
The libaudit test is forced and it fails when audit-libs-devel isn't available:
$ cat /tmp/build/perf/feature/test-libaudit.make.output
test-libaudit.c:2:10: fatal error: libaudit.h: No such file or directory
2 | #include <libaudit.h>
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
$
If we install audit-libs-devel and rebuild it continues not to be shown as OFF
in the main auto-detection summary, but again gets tested and this time:
$ rpm -q audit-libs-devel
audit-libs-devel-3.0-0.15.20191104git1c2f876.fc31.x86_64
$
The make output for the feature detection comes clean:
$ cat /tmp/build/perf/feature/test-libaudit.make.output
And the feature detection binary is successfully built and is dynamicly linked
with libaudit:
$ ldd /tmp/build/perf/feature/test-libaudit.bin | grep audit
libaudit.so.1 => /lib64/libaudit.so.1 (0x00007f5bf5177000)
$
As well as the resulting perf binary:
$ ldd /tmp/build/perf/perf | grep audit
libaudit.so.1 => /lib64/libaudit.so.1 (0x00007fad511c7000)
$
And 'perf trace' works using the libaudit method:
$ sudo /tmp/build/perf/perf trace -e nanosleep sleep 1
0.000 (1000.067 ms): sleep/281872 nanosleep(rqtp: 0x7ffedbbe69d0) = 0
$
If we leave audit-libs-devel installed but don't disable the use of the best
method, the one using SYSCALL_TABLE, the default for architectures that provide
the script to build the syscall id/name mapping using the .tbl files copied
from the kernel sources, we get:
$ rm -rf /tmp/build/perf ; mkdir -p /tmp/build/perf
$ make -C tools/perf O=/tmp/build/perf
Auto-detecting system features:
... dwarf: [ on ]
... dwarf_getlocations: [ on ]
... glibc: [ on ]
... gtk2: [ on ]
... libbfd: [ on ]
... libcap: [ on ]
... libelf: [ on ]
... libnuma: [ on ]
... numa_num_possible_cpus: [ on ]
... libperl: [ on ]
... libpython: [ on ]
... libcrypto: [ on ]
... libunwind: [ on ]
... libdw-dwarf-unwind: [ on ]
... zlib: [ on ]
... lzma: [ on ]
... get_cpuid: [ on ]
... bpf: [ on ]
... libaio: [ on ]
... libzstd: [ on ]
... disassembler-four-args: [ on ]
GEN /tmp/build/perf/common-cmds.h
<SNIP>
$
Again, no mention of libaudit being on or OFF and:
$ cat /tmp/build/perf/feature/test-libaudit.make.output
cat: /tmp/build/perf/feature/test-libaudit.make.output: No such file or directory
$
We didn't even bother checking for its availability, slightly speeding up the
build process and:
$ ldd /tmp/build/perf/perf | grep libaudit
$
We don't link with it, also:
$ sudo /tmp/build/perf/perf trace -e nanosleep sleep 1
0.000 (1000.053 ms): sleep/299125 nanosleep(rqtp: 0x7ffc24611b50) = 0
$
And globs become available:
$ sudo /tmp/build/perf/perf trace -e *sleep sleep 1
0.000 (1000.072 ms): sleep/299136 nanosleep(rqtp: 0x7ffe7a3c4ff0) = 0
$
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The audit-libs API doesn't provide a way to figure out what is the
syscall with the greatest number/id, take that into account when using
that method to go on growing the syscall table as we the syscalls go on
appearing on the radar.
With this the libaudit based method is back working, i.e. when building
with:
$ make NO_SYSCALL_TABLE=1 O=/tmp/build/perf -C tools/perf install-bin
<SNIP>
Auto-detecting system features:
<SNIP>
... libaudit: [ on ]
... libbfd: [ on ]
... libcap: [ on ]
<SNIP>
$ ldd ~/bin/perf | grep audit
libaudit.so.1 => /lib64/libaudit.so.1 (0x00007faef22df000)
$
perf trace is back working, which makes it functional in arches other
than x86_64, powerpc, arm64 and s390, that provides these generators:
$ find tools/perf/arch/ -name "*syscalltbl*"
tools/perf/arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscalltbl.sh
tools/perf/arch/arm64/entry/syscalls/mksyscalltbl
tools/perf/arch/s390/entry/syscalls/mksyscalltbl
tools/perf/arch/powerpc/entry/syscalls/mksyscalltbl
$
Example output forcing the libaudit method on x86_64:
# perf trace -e file,nanosleep sleep 0.001
? ( ): sleep/859090 ... [continued]: execve()) = 0
0.045 ( 0.005 ms): sleep/859090 access(filename: 0x8733e850, mode: R) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
0.055 ( 0.005 ms): sleep/859090 openat(dfd: CWD, filename: 0x8733ba29, flags: RDONLY|CLOEXEC) = 3
0.079 ( 0.005 ms): sleep/859090 openat(dfd: CWD, filename: 0x87345d20, flags: RDONLY|CLOEXEC) = 3
0.085 ( 0.002 ms): sleep/859090 read(fd: 3, buf: 0x7ffd9d483f58, count: 832) = 832
0.090 ( 0.002 ms): sleep/859090 read(fd: 3, buf: 0x7ffd9d483b50, count: 784) = 784
0.094 ( 0.002 ms): sleep/859090 read(fd: 3, buf: 0x7ffd9d483b20, count: 32) = 32
0.098 ( 0.002 ms): sleep/859090 read(fd: 3, buf: 0x7ffd9d483ad0, count: 68) = 68
0.109 ( 0.002 ms): sleep/859090 read(fd: 3, buf: 0x7ffd9d483a50, count: 784) = 784
0.113 ( 0.002 ms): sleep/859090 read(fd: 3, buf: 0x7ffd9d483730, count: 32) = 32
0.117 ( 0.002 ms): sleep/859090 read(fd: 3, buf: 0x7ffd9d483710, count: 68) = 68
0.320 ( 0.008 ms): sleep/859090 openat(dfd: CWD, filename: 0x872c3660, flags: RDONLY|CLOEXEC) = 3
0.372 ( 1.057 ms): sleep/859090 nanosleep(rqtp: 0x7ffd9d484ac0) = 0
#
There are still some limitations when using the libaudit method, that
will be fixed at some point, i.e., this works with the mksyscalltbl
method but not with libaudit's:
# perf trace -e file,*sleep sleep 0.001
event syntax error: '*sleep'
\___ parser error
Run 'perf list' for a list of valid events
Usage: perf trace [<options>] [<command>]
or: perf trace [<options>] -- <command> [<options>]
or: perf trace record [<options>] [<command>]
or: perf trace record [<options>] -- <command> [<options>]
-e, --event <event> event/syscall selector. use 'perf list' to list available events
#
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Linus Torvalds
Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo
Ilya Leoshkevich
Alexei Starovoitov
Andrii Nakryiko
Daniel Borkmann
Masami Hiramatsu
Tiezhu Yang
Adrian Hunter
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo
Jiri Olsa
Jakub Sitnicki
Ferenc Fejes
John Fastabend
David Ahern
Anton Protopopov
Eelco Chaudron
Yauheni Kaliuta
Nikolay Borisov
Tobias Klauser
Quentin Monnet
Vitor Massaru Iha
Ido Schimmel
Arnd Bergmann
Vitaly Kuznetsov
Ian Rogers
Tan Xiaojun
Tom Zanussi
Makarand Sonare
Paolo Bonzini
David S. Miller
Petr Machata
Kees Cook
Mark Brown
Stephane Eranian
Ed Maste
Nick Gasson