There is a race between stop_two_cpus, and the global stop_cpus.
It is possible for two CPUs to get their stopper functions queued
"backwards" from one another, resulting in the stopper threads
getting stuck, and the system hanging. This can happen because
queuing up stoppers is not synchronized.
This patch adds synchronization between stop_cpus (a rare operation),
and stop_two_cpus.
Reported-and-Tested-by: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20131101104146.03d1e043@annuminas.surriel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Remove get_online_cpus() usage from the scheduler; there's 4 sites that
use it:
- sched_init_smp(); where its completely superfluous since we're in
'early' boot and there simply cannot be any hotplugging.
- sched_getaffinity(); we already take a raw spinlock to protect the
task cpus_allowed mask, this disables preemption and therefore
also stabilizes cpu_online_mask as that's modified using
stop_machine. However switch to active mask for symmetry with
sched_setaffinity()/set_cpus_allowed_ptr(). We guarantee active
mask stability by inserting sync_rcu/sched() into _cpu_down.
- sched_setaffinity(); we don't appear to need get_online_cpus()
either, there's two sites where hotplug appears relevant:
* cpuset_cpus_allowed(); for the !cpuset case we use possible_mask,
for the cpuset case we hold task_lock, which is a spinlock and
thus for mainline disables preemption (might cause pain on RT).
* set_cpus_allowed_ptr(); Holds all scheduler locks and thus has
preemption properly disabled; also it already deals with hotplug
races explicitly where it releases them.
- migrate_swap(); we can make stop_two_cpus() do the heavy lifting for
us with a little trickery. By adding a sync_sched/rcu() after the
CPU_DOWN_PREPARE notifier we can provide preempt/rcu guarantees for
cpu_active_mask. Use these to validate that both our cpus are active
when queueing the stop work before we queue the stop_machine works
for take_cpu_down().
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: "Srivatsa S. Bhat" <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20131011123820.GV3081@twins.programming.kicks-ass.net
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Introduce stop_two_cpus() in order to allow controlled swapping of two
tasks. It repurposes the stop_machine() state machine but only stops
the two cpus which we can do with on-stack structures and avoid
machine wide synchronization issues.
The ordering of CPUs is important to avoid deadlocks. If unordered then
two cpus calling stop_two_cpus on each other simultaneously would attempt
to queue in the opposite order on each CPU causing an AB-BA style deadlock.
By always having the lowest number CPU doing the queueing of works, we can
guarantee that works are always queued in the same order, and deadlocks
are avoided.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
[ Implemented deadlock avoidance. ]
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-38-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
commit 14e568e78 (stop_machine: Use smpboot threads) introduced the
following regression:
Before this commit the stopper enabled bit was set in the online
notifier.
CPU0 CPU1
cpu_up
cpu online
hotplug_notifier(ONLINE)
stopper(CPU1)->enabled = true;
...
stop_machine()
The conversion to smpboot threads moved the enablement to the wakeup
path of the parked thread. The majority of users seem to have the
following working order:
CPU0 CPU1
cpu_up
cpu online
unpark_threads()
wakeup(stopper[CPU1])
....
stopper thread runs
stopper(CPU1)->enabled = true;
stop_machine()
But Konrad and Sander have observed:
CPU0 CPU1
cpu_up
cpu online
unpark_threads()
wakeup(stopper[CPU1])
....
stop_machine()
stopper thread runs
stopper(CPU1)->enabled = true;
Now the stop machinery kicks CPU0 into the stop loop, where it gets
stuck forever because the queue code saw stopper(CPU1)->enabled ==
false, so CPU0 waits for CPU1 to enter stomp_machine, but the CPU1
stopper work got discarded due to enabled == false.
Add a pre_unpark function to the smpboot thread descriptor and call it
before waking the thread.
This fixes the problem at hand, but the stop_machine code should be
more robust. The stopper->enabled flag smells fishy at best.
Thanks to Konrad for going through a loop of debug patches and
providing the information to decode this issue.
Reported-and-tested-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Reported-and-tested-by: Sander Eikelenboom <linux@eikelenboom.it>
Cc: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LFD.2.02.1302261843240.22263@ionos
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Use the smpboot thread infrastructure. Mark the stopper thread
selfparking and park it after it has finished the take_cpu_down()
work.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Veen <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <rw@linutronix.de>
Cc: Magnus Damm <magnus.damm@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130131120741.686315164@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
To allow the stopper thread being managed by the smpboot thread
infrastructure separate out the task storage from the stopper data
structure.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Veen <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <rw@linutronix.de>
Cc: Magnus Damm <magnus.damm@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130131120741.626690384@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
* 'modsplit-Oct31_2011' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux: (230 commits)
Revert "tracing: Include module.h in define_trace.h"
irq: don't put module.h into irq.h for tracking irqgen modules.
bluetooth: macroize two small inlines to avoid module.h
ip_vs.h: fix implicit use of module_get/module_put from module.h
nf_conntrack.h: fix up fallout from implicit moduleparam.h presence
include: replace linux/module.h with "struct module" wherever possible
include: convert various register fcns to macros to avoid include chaining
crypto.h: remove unused crypto_tfm_alg_modname() inline
uwb.h: fix implicit use of asm/page.h for PAGE_SIZE
pm_runtime.h: explicitly requires notifier.h
linux/dmaengine.h: fix implicit use of bitmap.h and asm/page.h
miscdevice.h: fix up implicit use of lists and types
stop_machine.h: fix implicit use of smp.h for smp_processor_id
of: fix implicit use of errno.h in include/linux/of.h
of_platform.h: delete needless include <linux/module.h>
acpi: remove module.h include from platform/aclinux.h
miscdevice.h: delete unnecessary inclusion of module.h
device_cgroup.h: delete needless include <linux/module.h>
net: sch_generic remove redundant use of <linux/module.h>
net: inet_timewait_sock doesnt need <linux/module.h>
...
Fix up trivial conflicts (other header files, and removal of the ab3550 mfd driver) in
- drivers/media/dvb/frontends/dibx000_common.c
- drivers/media/video/{mt9m111.c,ov6650.c}
- drivers/mfd/ab3550-core.c
- include/linux/dmaengine.h
Make stop_machine() safe to call early in boot, before SMP has been set
up, by simply calling the callback function directly if there's only one
CPU online.
[ Fixes from AKPM:
- add comment
- local_irq_flags, not save_flags
- also call hard_irq_disable() for systems which need it
Tejun suggested using an explicit flag rather than just looking at
the online cpu count. ]
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The changed files were only including linux/module.h for the
EXPORT_SYMBOL infrastructure, and nothing else. Revector them
onto the isolated export header for faster compile times.
Nothing to see here but a whole lot of instances of:
-#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/export.h>
This commit is only changing the kernel dir; next targets
will probably be mm, fs, the arch dirs, etc.
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
This allows us to move duplicated code in <asm/atomic.h>
(atomic_inc_not_zero() for now) to <linux/atomic.h>
Signed-off-by: Arun Sharma <asharma@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
MTRR rendezvous sequence is not implemened using stop_machine() before, as this
gets called both from the process context aswell as the cpu online paths
(where the cpu has not come online and the interrupts are disabled etc).
Now that we have a new stop_machine_from_inactive_cpu() API, use it for
rendezvous during mtrr init of a logical processor that is coming online.
For the rest (runtime MTRR modification, system boot, resume paths), use
stop_machine() to implement the rendezvous sequence. This will consolidate and
cleanup the code.
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110623182057.076997177@sbsiddha-MOBL3.sc.intel.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Currently, mtrr wants stop_machine functionality while a CPU is being
brought up. As stop_machine() requires the calling CPU to be active,
mtrr implements its own stop_machine using stop_one_cpu() on each
online CPU. This doesn't only unnecessarily duplicate complex logic
but also introduces a possibility of deadlock when it races against
the generic stop_machine().
This patch implements stop_machine_from_inactive_cpu() to serve such
use cases. Its functionality is basically the same as stop_machine();
however, it should be called from a CPU which isn't active and doesn't
depend on working scheduling on the calling CPU.
This is achieved by using busy loops for synchronization and
open-coding stop_cpus queuing and waiting with direct invocation of
fn() for local CPU inbetween.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110623182056.982526827@sbsiddha-MOBL3.sc.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Refactor the queuing part of the stop cpus work from __stop_cpus() into
queue_stop_cpus_work().
The reorganization is to help future improvements to stop_machine()
and doesn't introduce any behavior difference.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110623182056.897818337@sbsiddha-MOBL3.sc.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
MTRR rendezvous sequence using stop_one_cpu_nowait() can potentially
happen in parallel with another system wide rendezvous using
stop_machine(). This can lead to deadlock (The order in which
works are queued can be different on different cpu's. Some cpu's
will be running the first rendezvous handler and others will be running
the second rendezvous handler. Each set waiting for the other set to join
for the system wide rendezvous, leading to a deadlock).
MTRR rendezvous sequence is not implemented using stop_machine() as this
gets called both from the process context aswell as the cpu online paths
(where the cpu has not come online and the interrupts are disabled etc).
stop_machine() works with only online cpus.
For now, take the stop_machine mutex in the MTRR rendezvous sequence that
gets called from an online cpu (here we are in the process context
and can potentially sleep while taking the mutex). And the MTRR rendezvous
that gets triggered during cpu online doesn't need to take this stop_machine
lock (as the stop_machine() already ensures that there is no cpu hotplug
going on in parallel by doing get_online_cpus())
TBD: Pursue a cleaner solution of extending the stop_machine()
infrastructure to handle the case where the calling cpu is
still not online and use this for MTRR rendezvous sequence.
fixes: https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=672008
Reported-by: Vadim Kotelnikov <vadimuzzz@inbox.ru>
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110623182056.807230326@sbsiddha-MOBL3.sc.intel.com
Cc: stable@kernel.org # 2.6.35+, backport a week or two after this gets more testing in mainline
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
ksoftirqd, kworker, migration, and pktgend kthreads can be created with
kthread_create_on_node(), to get proper NUMA affinities for their stack and
task_struct.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In commit e6bde73b07 ("cpu-hotplug: return
better errno on cpu hotplug failure"), the cpu notifier can return an
encapsulated errno value.
This converts the cpu notifier to return an encapsulated errno value for
stop_machine().
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
kernel/stop_machine.c: In function `cpu_stopper_thread':
kernel/stop_machine.c:265: warning: unused variable `ksym_buf'
ksym_buf[] is unused if WARN_ON() is a no-op.
Signed-off-by: Rakib Mullick <rakib.mullick@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In order to separate the stop/migrate work thread from the SCHED_FIFO
implementation, create a special class for it that is of higher priority than
SCHED_FIFO itself.
This currently solves a problem where cpu-hotplug consumes so much cpu-time
that the SCHED_FIFO class gets throttled, but has the bandwidth replenishment
timer pending on the now dead cpu.
It is also required for when we add the planned deadline scheduling class above
SCHED_FIFO, as the stop/migrate thread still needs to transcent those tasks.
Tested-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
LKML-Reference: <1285165776.2275.1022.camel@laptop>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Reorder elements in structure cpu_stopper to remove alignment padding on
64 bit builds, this shrinks its size from 40 to 32 bytes saving 8 bytes
per cpu.
Signed-off-by: Richard Kennedy <richard@rsk.demon.co.uk>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Problem: In a stress test where some heavy tests were running along with
regular CPU offlining and onlining, a hang was observed. The system seems
to be hung at a point where migration_call() tries to kill the
migration_thread of the dying CPU, which just got moved to the current
CPU. This migration thread does not get a chance to run (and die) since
rt_throttled is set to 1 on current, and it doesn't get cleared as the
hrtimer which is supposed to reset the rt bandwidth
(sched_rt_period_timer) is tied to the CPU which we just marked dead!
Solution: This patch pushes the killing of migration thread to
"CPU_POST_DEAD" event. By then all the timers (including
sched_rt_period_timer) should have got migrated (along with other
callbacks).
Signed-off-by: Amit Arora <aarora@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
LKML-Reference: <20100525132346.GA14986@amitarora.in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This addresses the following compiler warning:
kernel/stop_machine.c: In function 'cpu_stop_cpu_callback':
kernel/stop_machine.c:297: warning: unused variable 'work'
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
LKML-Reference: <tip-3fc1f1e27a5b807791d72e5d992aa33b668a6626@git.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
When !CONFIG_SMP, cpu_stop functions weren't defined at all which
could lead to build failures if UP code uses cpu_stop facility. Add
dummy cpu_stop implementation for UP. The waiting variants execute
the work function directly with preempt disabled and
stop_one_cpu_nowait() schedules a workqueue work.
Makefile and ifdefs around stop_machine implementation are updated to
accomodate CONFIG_SMP && !CONFIG_STOP_MACHINE case.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Currently migration_thread is serving three purposes - migration
pusher, context to execute active_load_balance() and forced context
switcher for expedited RCU synchronize_sched. All three roles are
hardcoded into migration_thread() and determining which job is
scheduled is slightly messy.
This patch kills migration_thread and replaces all three uses with
cpu_stop. The three different roles of migration_thread() are
splitted into three separate cpu_stop callbacks -
migration_cpu_stop(), active_load_balance_cpu_stop() and
synchronize_sched_expedited_cpu_stop() - and each use case now simply
asks cpu_stop to execute the callback as necessary.
synchronize_sched_expedited() was implemented with private
preallocated resources and custom multi-cpu queueing and waiting
logic, both of which are provided by cpu_stop.
synchronize_sched_expedited_count is made atomic and all other shared
resources along with the mutex are dropped.
synchronize_sched_expedited() also implemented a check to detect cases
where not all the callback got executed on their assigned cpus and
fall back to synchronize_sched(). If called with cpu hotplug blocked,
cpu_stop already guarantees that and the condition cannot happen;
otherwise, stop_machine() would break. However, this patch preserves
the paranoid check using a cpumask to record on which cpus the stopper
ran so that it can serve as a bisection point if something actually
goes wrong theree.
Because the internal execution state is no longer visible,
rcu_expedited_torture_stats() is removed.
This patch also renames cpu_stop threads to from "stopper/%d" to
"migration/%d". The names of these threads ultimately don't matter
and there's no reason to make unnecessary userland visible changes.
With this patch applied, stop_machine() and sched now share the same
resources. stop_machine() is faster without wasting any resources and
sched migration users are much cleaner.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@freedesktop.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Dimitri Sivanich <sivanich@sgi.com>
Reimplement stop_machine using cpu_stop. As cpu stoppers are
guaranteed to be available for all online cpus,
stop_machine_create/destroy() are no longer necessary and removed.
With resource management and synchronization handled by cpu_stop, the
new implementation is much simpler. Asking the cpu_stop to execute
the stop_cpu() state machine on all online cpus with cpu hotplug
disabled is enough.
stop_machine itself doesn't need to manage any global resources
anymore, so all per-instance information is rolled into struct
stop_machine_data and the mutex and all static data variables are
removed.
The previous implementation created and destroyed RT workqueues as
necessary which made stop_machine() calls highly expensive on very
large machines. According to Dimitri Sivanich, preventing the dynamic
creation/destruction makes booting faster more than twice on very
large machines. cpu_stop resources are preallocated for all online
cpus and should have the same effect.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Dimitri Sivanich <sivanich@sgi.com>
Implement a simplistic per-cpu maximum priority cpu monopolization
mechanism. A non-sleeping callback can be scheduled to run on one or
multiple cpus with maximum priority monopolozing those cpus. This is
primarily to replace and unify RT workqueue usage in stop_machine and
scheduler migration_thread which currently is serving multiple
purposes.
Four functions are provided - stop_one_cpu(), stop_one_cpu_nowait(),
stop_cpus() and try_stop_cpus().
This is to allow clean sharing of resources among stop_cpu and all the
migration thread users. One stopper thread per cpu is created which
is currently named "stopper/CPU". This will eventually replace the
migration thread and take on its name.
* This facility was originally named cpuhog and lived in separate
files but Peter Zijlstra nacked the name and thus got renamed to
cpu_stop and moved into stop_machine.c.
* Better reporting of preemption leak as per Peter's suggestion.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Dimitri Sivanich <sivanich@sgi.com>
Add __percpu sparse annotations to core subsystems.
These annotations are to make sparse consider percpu variables to be
in a different address space and warn if accessed without going
through percpu accessors. This patch doesn't affect normal builds.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Impact: cleanup
struct cpumask is nicer, and we use it to make where we've made code
safe for CONFIG_CPUMASK_OFFSTACK=y.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Impact: cleanup
There are two allocated per-cpu accessor macros with almost identical
spelling. The original and far more popular is per_cpu_ptr (44
files), so change over the other 4 files.
tj: kill percpu_ptr() and update UP too
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: mingo@redhat.com
Cc: lenb@kernel.org
Cc: cpufreq@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Introduce stop_machine_create/destroy. With this interface subsystems
that need a non-failing stop_machine environment can create the
stop_machine machine threads before actually calling stop_machine.
When the threads aren't needed anymore they can be killed with
stop_machine_destroy again.
When stop_machine gets called and the threads aren't present they
will be created and destroyed automatically. This restores the old
behaviour of stop_machine.
This patch also converts cpu hotplug to the new interface since it
is special: cpu_down calls __stop_machine instead of stop_machine.
However the kstop threads will only be created when stop_machine
gets called.
Changing the code so that the threads would be created automatically
on __stop_machine is currently not possible: when __stop_machine gets
called we hold cpu_add_remove_lock, which is the same lock that
create_rt_workqueue would take. So the workqueue needs to be created
before the cpu hotplug code locks cpu_add_remove_lock.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Impact: Reduce stack usage, use new cpumask API.
Mainly changing cpumask_t to 'struct cpumask' and similar simple API
conversion. Two conversions worth mentioning:
1) we use cpumask_any_but to avoid a temporary in kernel/softlockup.c,
2) Use cpumask_var_t in taskstats_user_cmd().
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Bug #11989: Suspend failure on NForce4-based boards due to chanes in
stop_machine
We should not access active.fnret outside the lock; in theory the next
stop_machine could overwrite it.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Tested-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This reverts commit a802dd0eb5 by moving
the call to init_workqueues() back where it belongs - after SMP has been
initialized.
It also moves stop_machine_init() - which needs workqueues - to a later
phase using a core_initcall() instead of early_initcall(). That should
satisfy all ordering requirements, and was apparently the reason why
init_workqueues() was moved to be too early.
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Using |= for updating a value which might be updated on several cpus
concurrently will not always work since we need to make sure that the
update happens atomically.
To fix this just use a write if the called function returns an error
code on a cpu. We end up writing the error code of an arbitrary cpu
if multiple ones fail but that should be sufficient.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Convert stop_machine to a workqueue based approach. Instead of using kernel
threads for stop_machine we now use a an rt workqueue to synchronize all
cpus.
This has the advantage that all needed per cpu threads are already created
when stop_machine gets called. And therefore a call to stop_machine won't
fail anymore. This is needed for s390 which needs a mechanism to synchronize
all cpus without allocating any memory.
As Rusty pointed out free_module() needs a non-failing stop_machine interface
as well.
As a side effect the stop_machine code gets simplified.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Instead of a "cpu" arg with magic values NR_CPUS (any cpu) and ~0 (all
cpus), pass a cpumask_t. Allow NULL for the common case (where we
don't care which CPU the function is run on): temporary cpumask_t's
are usually considered bad for stack space.
This deprecates stop_machine_run, to be removed soon when all the
callers are dead.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
stop_machine creates a kthread which creates kernel threads. We can
create those threads directly and simplify things a little. Some care
must be taken with CPU hotunplug, which has special needs, but that code
seems more robust than it was in the past.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
-allow stop_mahcine_run() to call a function on all cpus. Calling
stop_machine_run() with a 'ALL_CPUS' invokes this new behavior.
stop_machine_run() proceeds as normal until the calling cpu has
invoked 'fn'. Then, we tell all the other cpus to call 'fn'.
Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
CC: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
CC: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
CC: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
CC: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
CC: mingo@elte.hu
CC: akpm@osdl.org
* This patch replaces the dangerous lvalue version of cpumask_of_cpu
with new cpumask_of_cpu_ptr macros. These are patterned after the
node_to_cpumask_ptr macros.
In general terms, if there is a cpumask_of_cpu_map[] then a pointer to
the cpumask_of_cpu_map[cpu] entry is used. The cpumask_of_cpu_map
is provided when there is a large NR_CPUS count, reducing
greatly the amount of code generated and stack space used for
cpumask_of_cpu(). The pointer to the cpumask_t value is needed for
calling set_cpus_allowed_ptr() to reduce the amount of stack space
needed to pass the cpumask_t value.
If there isn't a cpumask_of_cpu_map[], then a temporary variable is
declared and filled in with value from cpumask_of_cpu(cpu) as well as
a pointer variable pointing to this temporary variable. Afterwards,
the pointer is used to reference the cpumask value. The compiler
will optimize out the extra dereference through the pointer as well
as the stack space used for the pointer, resulting in identical code.
A good example of the orthogonal usages is in net/sunrpc/svc.c:
case SVC_POOL_PERCPU:
{
unsigned int cpu = m->pool_to[pidx];
cpumask_of_cpu_ptr(cpumask, cpu);
*oldmask = current->cpus_allowed;
set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpumask);
return 1;
}
case SVC_POOL_PERNODE:
{
unsigned int node = m->pool_to[pidx];
node_to_cpumask_ptr(nodecpumask, node);
*oldmask = current->cpus_allowed;
set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, nodecpumask);
return 1;
}
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Hidehiro Kawai noticed that sched_setscheduler() can fail in
stop_machine: it calls sched_setscheduler() from insmod, which can
have CAP_SYS_MODULE without CAP_SYS_NICE.
Two cases could have failed, so are changed to sched_setscheduler_nocheck:
kernel/softirq.c:cpu_callback()
- CPU hotplug callback
kernel/stop_machine.c:__stop_machine_run()
- Called from various places, including modprobe()
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Hidehiro Kawai <hidehiro.kawai.ez@hitachi.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: sugita <yumiko.sugita.yf@hitachi.com>
Cc: Satoshi OSHIMA <satoshi.oshima.fk@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
On kvm I have seen some rare hangs in stop_machine when I used more guest
cpus than hosts cpus. e.g. 32 guest cpus on 1 host cpu triggered the
hang quite often. I could also reproduce the problem on a 4 way z/VM host with
a 64 way guest.
It turned out that the guest was consuming all available cpus mostly for
spinning on scheduler locks like rq->lock. This is expected as the threads are
calling yield all the time.
The problem is now, that the host scheduling decisings together with the guest
scheduling decisions and spinlocks not being fair managed to create an
interesting scenario similar to a live lock. (Sometimes the hang resolved
itself after some minutes)
Changing stop_machine to yield the cpu to the hypervisor when yielding inside
the guest fixed the problem for me. While I am not completely happy with this
patch, I think it causes no harm and it really improves the situation for me.
I used cpu_relax for yielding to the hypervisor, does that work on all
architectures?
p.s.: If you want to reproduce the problem, cpu hotplug and kprobes use
stop_machine_run and both triggered the problem after some retries.
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
CC: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/juhl/trivial: (24 commits)
DOC: A couple corrections and clarifications in USB doc.
Generate a slightly more informative error msg for bad HZ
fix typo "is" -> "if" in Makefile
ext*: spelling fix prefered -> preferred
DOCUMENTATION: Use newer DEFINE_SPINLOCK macro in docs.
KEYS: Fix the comment to match the file name in rxrpc-type.h.
RAID: remove trailing space from printk line
DMA engine: typo fixes
Remove unused MAX_NODES_SHIFT
MAINTAINERS: Clarify access to OCFS2 development mailing list.
V4L: Storage class should be before const qualifier (sn9c102)
V4L: Storage class should be before const qualifier
sonypi: Storage class should be before const qualifier
intel_menlow: Storage class should be before const qualifier
DVB: Storage class should be before const qualifier
arm: Storage class should be before const qualifier
ALSA: Storage class should be before const qualifier
acpi: Storage class should be before const qualifier
firmware_sample_driver.c: fix coding style
MAINTAINERS: Add ati_remote2 driver
...
Fixed up trivial conflicts in firmware_sample_driver.c
These are small cleanups all over the tree.
Trivial style and comment changes to
fs/select.c, kernel/signal.c, kernel/stop_machine.c & mm/pdflush.c
Signed-off-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
* Use new set_cpus_allowed_ptr() function added by previous patch,
which instead of passing the "newly allowed cpus" cpumask_t arg
by value, pass it by pointer:
-int set_cpus_allowed(struct task_struct *p, cpumask_t new_mask)
+int set_cpus_allowed_ptr(struct task_struct *p, const cpumask_t *new_mask)
* Modify CPU_MASK_ALL
Depends on:
[sched-devel]: sched: add new set_cpus_allowed_ptr function
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Replace all lock_cpu_hotplug/unlock_cpu_hotplug from the kernel and use
get_online_cpus and put_online_cpus instead as it highlights the
refcount semantics in these operations.
The new API guarantees protection against the cpu-hotplug operation, but
it doesn't guarantee serialized access to any of the local data
structures. Hence the changes needs to be reviewed.
In case of pseries_add_processor/pseries_remove_processor, use
cpu_maps_update_begin()/cpu_maps_update_done() as we're modifying the
cpu_present_map there.
Signed-off-by: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
stop_machine_run() does its work on "kstopmachine" thread having max
priority. However that thread get such priority after woken up.
Therefore, in the following case ...
- "kstopmachine" try to run on CPU1
- There is a real time process which doesn't relinquish CPU time
voluntary on CPU1
... "kstopmachine" can't start to run and the CPU on which
stop_machine_run() is runing hangs up. To fix this problem, call
sched_setscheduler() before waking up that thread.
Signed-off-by: Satoru Takeuchi <takeuchi_satoru@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com>
Cc: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a call to hard_irq_disable() to stop_machine so that we make sure IRQs are
really disabled and not only lazy-disabled on archs like powerpc as some users
of stop_machine() may rely on that.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Replace call_smp_function with stop_machine_run in the Intel RNG driver.
CPU A has done read_lock(&lock)
CPU B has done write_lock_irq(&lock) and is waiting for A to release the lock.
A third CPU calls call_smp_function and issues the IPI. CPU A takes CPU
C's IPI. CPU B is waiting with interrupts disabled and does not see the
IPI. CPU C is stuck waiting for CPU B to respond to the IPI.
Deadlock.
The solution is to use stop_machine_run instead of call_smp_function
(call_smp_function should not be called in situations where the CPUs may be
suspended).
[haruo.tomita@toshiba.co.jp: fix a typo in mod_init()]
[haruo.tomita@toshiba.co.jp: fix memory leak]
Signed-off-by: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Cc: "Tomita, Haruo" <haruo.tomita@toshiba.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I had to look back: this code was extracted from the module.c code in 2005.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
An up() is called in kernel/stop_machine.c on failure, and also in the
caller (unconditionally).
Signed-off-by: Zhou Yingchao <yingchao.zhou@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Jiri reports that the stop_machin kthread conversion caused his machine to
hang when suspending. Hyperthreading is apparently involved.
I don't see why that would be and I can't reproduce it. Revert to the 2.6.17
code.
Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
- Update stop_machine.c to spawn stop_machine as kthreads rather than the
deprecated kernel_threads.
- Update stop_machine to use the more efficient kthread_bind() before
running task in place of set_cpus_allowed() after.
[akpm@osdl.org: remove now-wrong set_cpus_allowed()]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This fixes deadlock of stop_machine() vs. synchronous IPI send. The
problem is that stop_machine() disables interrupts before disabling
preemption on other CPUs. So if another CPU is preempted and then calls
something like flush_tlb_all() it will deadlock with CPU doing
stop_machine() and which can't process IPI due to disabled IRQs.
I changed stop_machine() to do the same things exactly as it does on other
CPUs, i.e. it should disable preemption first on _all_ CPUs including
itself and only after that disable IRQs.
Signed-off-by: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: "Andrey Savochkin" <saw@sawoct.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch implements a number of smp_processor_id() cleanup ideas that
Arjan van de Ven and I came up with.
The previous __smp_processor_id/_smp_processor_id/smp_processor_id API
spaghetti was hard to follow both on the implementational and on the
usage side.
Some of the complexity arose from picking wrong names, some of the
complexity comes from the fact that not all architectures defined
__smp_processor_id.
In the new code, there are two externally visible symbols:
- smp_processor_id(): debug variant.
- raw_smp_processor_id(): nondebug variant. Replaces all existing
uses of _smp_processor_id() and __smp_processor_id(). Defined
by every SMP architecture in include/asm-*/smp.h.
There is one new internal symbol, dependent on DEBUG_PREEMPT:
- debug_smp_processor_id(): internal debug variant, mapped to
smp_processor_id().
Also, i moved debug_smp_processor_id() from lib/kernel_lock.c into a new
lib/smp_processor_id.c file. All related comments got updated and/or
clarified.
I have build/boot tested the following 8 .config combinations on x86:
{SMP,UP} x {PREEMPT,!PREEMPT} x {DEBUG_PREEMPT,!DEBUG_PREEMPT}
I have also build/boot tested x64 on UP/PREEMPT/DEBUG_PREEMPT. (Other
architectures are untested, but should work just fine.)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Replace a number of memory barriers with smp_ variants. This means we won't
take the unnecessary hit on UP machines.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
Rik van Riel
Peter Zijlstra
Thomas Gleixner
Linus Torvalds
Jeremy Fitzhardinge
Paul Gortmaker
Arun Sharma
Suresh Siddha
Tejun Heo
Eric Dumazet
Akinobu Mita
Rakib Mullick
Peter Zijlstra
Richard Kennedy
Amit K. Arora
Ingo Molnar
Rusty Russell
Heiko Carstens
Li Zefan
Jason Baron
Mike Travis
Christian Borntraeger
Pavel Machek
Matthew Wilcox
Daniel Walker
Gautham R Shenoy
Satoru Takeuchi
Benjamin Herrenschmidt
Prarit Bhargava
Yingchao Zhou
Andrew Morton
Serge E. Hallyn
Kirill Korotaev
Linus Torvalds