Use managed allocations to get memory, clock and interrupts . This
significantly simplifies clean up paths.
Signed-off-by: Guennadi Liakhovetski <g.liakhovetski@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
The struct sh_mobile_sdhi_info::pdata field was only used for platform-
based card detection and isn't used anymore since the migration to GPIO-
based MMC slot functions. Remove it.
Signed-off-by: Guennadi Liakhovetski <g.liakhovetski@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
Add parsing of common and driver-specific DT bindings to the tmio-mmc
MMC host driver and the sh_mobile_sdhi interface layer.
Signed-off-by: Guennadi Liakhovetski <g.liakhovetski@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
Use mmc_of_parse() to get interface capability flags and used GPIOs from
device-tree bindings.
Signed-off-by: Guennadi Liakhovetski <g.liakhovetski@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
MMC defines a number of standard DT bindings. Having each driver parse
them individually adds code redundancy and is error prone. Provide a
standard function to unify the parsing. After all drivers are converted
to using it instead of their own parsers, this function can be integrated
into mmc_alloc_host().
Signed-off-by: Guennadi Liakhovetski <g.liakhovetski@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
tmio-mmc platform flags can be set by various means, including caller
drivers and device-tree bindings, therefore it is better to only check
them in the tmio-mmc driver proper, not in caller drivers themselves.
Signed-off-by: Guennadi Liakhovetski <g.liakhovetski@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
3714f4315354 ("mmc: sdhci: update signal voltage switch code") changed the
type of the second parameter of sdhci_do_start_signal_voltage_switch(),
from "struct mmc_ios *ios" to "int signal_voltage" which causes the
following build warning:
drivers/mmc/host/sdhci.c:2044:2: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]
drivers/mmc/host/sdhci.c:2044:2: warning: (near initialization for 'sdhci_ops.start_signal_voltage_switch') [enabled by default]
Use the previous type so that it matches the start_signal_voltage_switch()
definition from host.h.
Signed-off-by: Fabio Estevam <fabio.estevam@freescale.com>
Reviewed-by: Johan Rudholm <johan.rudholm@stericsson.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
Some regulators don't report any voltage values, so checking supported
voltage range results in disabling all SDHCI_CAN_VDD_* flags and
registration failure. This patch finally provides a correct fix for the
registration of SDHCI driver with all possible voltage regulators:
dummy, fixed and regulated without using regulator_count_voltages()
hacks.
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
SDHCI_QUIRK_DATA_TIMEOUT_USES_SDCLK does basically the same as
implementing struct sdhci_ops .get_timeout_clock, so simply set that
quirk and remove the custom code to simplify the driver.
Reported-by: Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@metafoo.de>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
This patch supports packed write command of eMMC4.5 devices. Several
writes can be grouped in packed command and all data of the individual
commands can be sent in a single transfer on the bus. Large amounts of
data in one transfer rather than several data of small size are
effective for eMMC write internally. As a result, packed command help
write throughput be improved. The following tables show the results
of packed write.
Type A:
test none | packed
iozone 25.8 | 31
tiotest 27.6 | 31.2
lmdd 31.2 | 35.4
Type B:
test none | packed
iozone 44.1 | 51.1
tiotest 47.9 | 52.5
lmdd 51.6 | 59.2
Type C:
test none | packed
iozone 19.5 | 32
tiotest 19.9 | 34.5
lmdd 22.8 | 40.7
Signed-off-by: Seungwon Jeon <tgih.jun@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Maya Erez <merez@codeaurora.org>
Reviewed-by: Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
This patch adds packed command feature of eMMC4.5. The maximum number
for packing read (or write) is offered and exception event relevant to
packed command which is used for error handling is enabled. If host
wants to use this feature, MMC_CAP2_PACKED_CMD should be set.
Signed-off-by: Seungwon Jeon <tgih.jun@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Maya Erez <merez@codeaurora.org>
Reviewed-by: Subhash Jadavani <subhashj@codeaurora.org>
Reviewed-by: Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
Several new models of readers use different way to select driving
capability (a necessary adjustment along with voltage change). Removing
this from device-independent rtsx_pci_sdmmc module. It will be implemented
in device-depend calls encapsulated by rtsx_pci_switch_output_voltage().
Signed-off-by: Roger Tseng <rogerable@realtek.com>
Reviewed-by: Wei WANG <wei_wang@realsil.com.cn>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
mmc_regulator_set_ocr() depends on the ability of regulator to change the
voltage value. When regulator cannot change its voltage output, some code
is skipped to avoid reporting false errors on some boards, which use MMC
hosts with fixed regulators (e.g. Samsung Goni and UniversalC210 boards).
This patch replaces a hacky workaround based on regulator_count_voltages()
value with the correct call to recently introduced
regulator_can_change_voltage() function in regulators core.
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
It's not necessary to start a new request while error handling if
the card was removed.
Signed-off-by: Seungwon Jeon <tgih.jun@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Jaehoon Chung <jh80.chung@samsung.com>
Tested-by: Konstantin Dorfman <kdorfman@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
This patch is derived from:
"mmc: fix async request mechanism for sequential read scenarios".
According as async transfer, a request is handled with twice mmc_start_req.
When the card is removed, the request is actually not issued in the first
mmc_start_req [__mmc_start_data_req]. And then mmc_wait_for_data_req_done
will come in the next mmc_start_req. But there is no event for completions.
wake_up_interruptible is needed in __mmc_start_data_req for the case of
removed card.
Signed-off-by: Seungwon Jeon <tgih.jun@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Jaehoon Chung <jh80.chung@samsung.com>
Tested-by: Konstantin Dorfman <kdorfman@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
4d55c5a1 ("mmc: sdhci: enable preset value after uhs initialization")
added preset value support and enabled it by default during sd card init.
Below are the enhancements introduced by this patch:
1. In current code, preset value is enabled after setting clock finished,
which means the clock is manually set by driver firstly and then suddenly
switched to preset value at this point. So the first setting is useless
and unnecessary. What's more, the first clock setting may differ from the
preset one. The better way is enable preset value just after switch to
UHS mode so the preset value can take effect immediately. So move preset
value enable from mmc_sd_init_card to sdhci_set_ios which will be called
during set timing.
2. In current code, preset value is disabled at the beginning of
mmc_attach_sd. It's too late since low freq (400khz) should be set in
mmc_power_up. So move preset value disable to sdhci_set_ios which will
be called during power up.
3. host->clock and ios->drv_type should also be updated according to the
preset value if it's enabled. Current code missed this.
4. This patch also introduce a quirk to disable preset value in case
preset value doesn't work.
This patch has been verified on sdhci-pxav3 platform with both preset
enabled and disabled.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Liu <kliu5@marvell.com>
Reviewed-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
When irq_of_parse_and_map() returns an error, it does as zero. But in
mmc_spi_get_pdata(), the error return case is compared against NO_IRQ.
This might work where NO_IRQ is zero (defaults to zero when undefined,
as on MIPS) but not where NO_IRQ is different, e.g. on ARM where it's -1.
This patch changes to comparison with 0 which is the error return value
of irq_of_parse_and_map().
Tested on ARM that mmc_spi is working now.
Signed-off-by: Roland Stigge <stigge@antcom.de>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
Quite a few drivers have a implementation of the get_timeout_clock
callback which simply returns the result of clk_get_rate on the device's
clock. This patch adds a common implementation of this to the sdhci-pltfm
module and replaces all custom implementations with the common one.
Signed-off-by: Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@metafoo.de>
Tested-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org>
Acked-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Kevin Liu <kliu5@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
The protocol related code is moved to core stack. So update the host
driver accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Liu <kliu5@marvell.com>
Tested-by: Tim Wang <wangtt@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
When switching SD and SDIO cards from 3.3V to 1.8V signal levels, the
clock should be gated for 5 ms during the step. After enabling the
clock, the host should wait for at least 1 ms before checking for
failure. Failure by the card to switch is indicated by dat[0:3] being
pulled low. The host should check for this condition and power-cycle
the card if failure is indicated.
Add a retry mechanism for the SDIO case.
If the voltage switch fails repeatedly, give up and continue the
initialization using the original voltage.
This patch places a couple of requirements on the host driver:
1) mmc_set_ios with ios.clock = 0 must gate the clock
2) mmc_power_off must actually cut the power to the card
3) The card_busy host_ops member must be implemented
if these requirements are not fulfilled, the 1.8V signal voltage switch
will still be attempted but may not be successful.
Signed-off-by: Johan Rudholm <johan.rudholm@stericsson.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Liu <kliu5@marvell.com>
Acked-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Wei WANG <wei_wang@realsil.com.cn>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
Allow callers to access the start_signal_voltage_switch host_ops
member without going through any cmd11 logic. This is mostly a
preparation for the following signal voltage switch patch.
Also, reset ios.signal_voltage to its original value if
start_signal_voltage_switch fails.
Signed-off-by: Johan Rudholm <johan.rudholm@stericsson.com>
Acked-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Wei WANG <wei_wang@realsil.com.cn>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
Add mmc_power_cycle which can be used to power cycle for instance
SD-cards.
Signed-off-by: Johan Rudholm <johan.rudholm@stericsson.com>
Acked-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Wei WANG <wei_wang@realsil.com.cn>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
SET_BLOCK_COUNT CMD23 is needed for all access to RPMB partition. If
block count is not set by CMD23, all subsequent read/write commands fail
as per eMMC specification. So, If the host does not support CMD23, do not
expose RPMB partition.
Accessing RPMB partition can cause hang / huge delay for hosts which do
not support CMD23.
Signed-off-by: Balaji T K <balajitk@ti.com>
Reported-and-Tested-by: Peter Ujfalusi <peter.ujfalusi@ti.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
This driver handles the virtual MMC device present in the Goldfish emulator.
The patch folds together initial work from Mike Lockwood and patches by
San Mehat, Jun Nakajima and Tom Keel <thomas.keel@intel.com> plus cleanups
by Alan Cox to get it all into 3.6 shape.
Signed-off-by: Mike A. Chan <mikechan@google.com>
[cleaned up and x86 support added]
Signed-off-by: Sheng Yang <sheng@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Yunhong Jiang <yunhong.jiang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Xiaohui Xin <xiaohui.xin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jun Nakajima <jun.nakajima@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bruce Beare <bruce.j.beare@intel.com>
[Moved to 3.4]
Signed-off-by: Tom Keel <thomas.keel@intel.com>
[Moved to 3.7]
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
The i.MX esdhc has a nonstandard bit layout for the SDHCI_HOST_CONTROL
register. To support 8bit bus width on i.MX populate the platform_bus_width
callback. This is tested on an i.MX25, but should according to the datasheets
work on the other i.MX using this hardware aswell. The i.MX6, while having
a SDHCI_SPEC_300 controller, still uses the same nonstandard register layout.
Signed-off-by: Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Dirk Behme <dirk.behme@de.bosch.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
The 8bit in the function name is misleading. When set, it will be
used to set the bus width, regardless of whether 8bit or another
bus width is requested, so change the function name to
platform_bus_width.
Signed-off-by: Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Dirk Behme <dirk.behme@de.bosch.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
SDHCI core will try to use Auto CMD23 for mmc card. Currently, we will
see the following message with mmc card on usdhc due to the lacking of
Auto CMD23 support in the driver.
$ mmc0: new high speed MMC card at address 0001
mmcblk1: mmc0:0001 MMC02G 1.87 GiB
mmcblk1: error -84 transferring data, sector 0, nr 8, cmd response 0x900, card status 0xb00
mmcblk1: retrying using single block read
mmcblk1:
Enable Auto CMD23 support for usdhc so that mmc card can work in
multiple block mode.
Signed-off-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Dirk Behme <dirk.behme@de.bosch.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
It's another violation to SDHC spec that software reset on usdhc
does not reset MIX_CTRL register. Have to do it manually, otherwise
the preserving of the register bits (e.g. AC23EN) may cause mmc card
fail to be initialized.
Signed-off-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Dirk Behme <dirk.behme@de.bosch.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
The combining of SDHCI_TRANSFER_MODE and SDHCI_COMMAND writes is only
required for esdhc, but not necessarily for usdhc. Different from
esdhc where the bits for transfer mode and command are all in the same
register CMD_XFR_TYP, usdhc has a newly introduced register MIX_CTRL
to hold transfer mode bits. So it makes more sense to separate transfer
mode from command write for usdhc.
Signed-off-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Dirk Behme <dirk.behme@de.bosch.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
Cache control is an eMMC feature and in therefore should be
part of MMC's bus resume operations, performed in mmc_suspend,
rather than in the generic mmc_suspend_host().
Signed-off-by: Maya Erez <merez@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
Rename esdhc local definitions with ESDHC_ rather than SDHCI_ prefix,
so that we can distinguish them from SDHCI core definitions from name.
A couple of bit fields are also changed use shift for consistency and
better readability.
Signed-off-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Dirk Behme <dirk.behme@de.bosch.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
SDHCI_CTRL_D3CD is not a standard SDHCI_HOST_CONTROL, so there is no
need to check it in SDHCI_HOST_CONTROL write at all. Remove it.
Signed-off-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Dirk Behme <dirk.behme@de.bosch.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
When commit 95a2482 (mmc: sdhci-esdhc-imx: add basic imx6q usdhc
support) works around host version issue on imx6q, it gets the
register address fixup "reg ^= 2" lost for imx25/35/51/53 esdhc.
Thus, the controller version on these SoCs is wrongly identified
as v1 while it's actually v2.
Add the address fixup back and take a different approach to correct
imx6q host version, so that the host version read gets back to work
for all SoCs.
Signed-off-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
With the __devinit/__devexit attributes having been removed, this
__exitp attribute causes an unused function warning and should be
removed as well.
Signed-off-by: Tony Prisk <linux@prisktech.co.nz>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
The original quirk was added in the change 'mmc: dw_mmc: add quirk to
indicate missing write protect line'. The original quirk was added at
a controller level even though each slot has its own write protect (so
the quirk should be at the slot level). A recent change (mmc: dw_mmc:
Add "disable-wp" device tree property) added a slot-level quirk and
support for the quirk directly to dw_mmc.
Signed-off-by: Doug Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Will Newton <will.newton@imgtec.com>
Acked-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
On some SoCs (like exynos5250) you need to use an external GPIO for
write protect. Add support for wp-gpios to the core dw_mmc driver
since it could be useful across multiple SoCs.
With this change I am able to make use of the write protect for the
external SD slot on exynos5250-snow.
Signed-off-by: Doug Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Seungwon Jeon <tgih.jun@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
The exynos code claimed the write protect with devm_gpio_request() but
never did anything with it. That meant that anyone using a write
protect GPIO would effectively be write protected all the time.
The handling for wp-gpios belongs in the main dw_mmc driver and has
been moved there.
Signed-off-by: Doug Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Seungwon Jeon <tgih.jun@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
The "disable-wp" property is used to specify that a given SD card slot
doesn't have a concept of write protect. This eliminates the need for
special case code for SD slots that should never be write protected
(like a micro SD slot or a dev board).
The dw_mmc driver is special in needing to specify "disable-wp"
because the lack of a "wp-gpios" property means to use the special
purpose write protect line. On some other mmc devices the lack of
"wp-gpios" means that write protect should be disabled.
Signed-off-by: Doug Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Seungwon Jeon <tgih.jun@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Will Newton <will.newton@imgtec.com>
Acked-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
Fixes the following warning when building with W=1 option:
drivers/mmc/host/mxs-mmc.c: In function 'mxs_mmc_adtc':
drivers/mmc/host/mxs-mmc.c:401:2: warning: comparison between signed and unsigned integer expressions [-Wsign-compare]
The warning happens because 'i' is used in 'for_each_sg(sgl, sg, sg_len, i)' and should be made unsigned.
Signed-off-by: Fabio Estevam <fabio.estevam@freescale.com>
Acked-by: Marek Vasut <marex@denx.de>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
Add an entry for MODULE_ALIAS().
Signed-off-by: Fabio Estevam <fabio.estevam@freescale.com>
Acked-by: Marek Vasut <marex@denx.de>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
On many Marvell SoCs, the pins used for the SDIO interface are part of
the MPP pins, that are muxable pins. In order to get the muxing of
those pins correct, this commit integrates the mvsdio driver with the
pinctrl infrastructure by calling devm_pinctrl_get_select_default()
during ->probe().
Note that we permit this function to fail because not all Marvell
platforms have yet been fully converted to using the pinctrl
infrastructure.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch>
Tested-by: Stefan Peter <s.peter@mpl.ch>
Tested-by: Florian Fainelli <florian@openwrt.org>
Signed-off-by: Jason Cooper <jason@lakedaemon.net>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
This patch adds a simple Device Tree binding for the mvsdio driver, as
well as the necessary documentation for it. Compatibility with non-DT
platforms is preserved, by keeping the platform_data based
initialization.
We introduce a small difference between non-DT and DT platforms: DT
platforms are required to provide a clocks = <...> property, which the
driver uses to get the frequency of the clock that goes to the SDIO
IP. The behaviour on non-DT platforms is kept unchanged: a clock
reference is not mandatory, but the clock frequency must be passed in
the "clock" field of the mvsdio_platform_data structure.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch>
Tested-by: Stefan Peter <s.peter@mpl.ch>
Tested-by: Florian Fainelli <florian@openwrt.org>
Signed-off-by: Jason Cooper <jason@lakedaemon.net>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
The MMC core subsystem provides in drivers/mmc/core/slot-gpio.c a nice
set of helper functions to simplify the management of the card detect
GPIO in MMC host drivers. This patch migrates the mvsdio driver to
using those helpers, which will make the ->probe() code simpler, and
therefore ease the process of adding a Device Tree binding for this
driver.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch>
Tested-by: Stefan Peter <s.peter@mpl.ch>
Tested-by: Florian Fainelli <florian@openwrt.org>
Signed-off-by: Jason Cooper <jason@lakedaemon.net>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
The MMC core subsystem provides in drivers/mmc/core/slot-gpio.c a nice
set of helper functions to simplify the management of the write
protect GPIO in MMC host drivers. This patch migrates the mvsdio
driver to using those helpers, which will make the ->probe() code
simpler, and therefore ease the process of adding a Device Tree
binding for this driver.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch>
Tested-by: Stefan Peter <s.peter@mpl.ch>
Tested-by: Florian Fainelli <florian@openwrt.org>
Signed-off-by: Jason Cooper <jason@lakedaemon.net>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
With commit 9444e07 (mmc: remove unncessary mmc_gpio_free_cd() call from
slot-gpio users) in place, the ESDHC_CD_GPIO handling in IO accessories
becomes unnecessary. Remove it.
Signed-off-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
There are three places where same piece of code is used. Let's split it
to a separate function.
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>